Chemical Bonding Package Solutions

Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (Solutions)
4
Chapter
Chemical Bonding and
Molecular Structure
Section-A
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (4)
Cl– is common hence larger the cation more will be the ionic character (Fajan’s rule). Hence, CsCl will
have highest ionic character.
2. Answer (3)
NH3
1
VSEP  (V  M  C  A)
2
1
= (5 + 3 – 0 + 0) = 4  sp3
2
3. Answer (4)
BF3 ,  = 0
NH3 has greater dipole moment than NF3 hence order is
BF3 < NF3 < NH3
4. Answer (4)
O 22 has zero unpaired electrons.
5. Answer (3)
Both S and P are sp3 hybridized in SO 24 and PO 34 respectively.
6. Answer (3)
Both SO 24 and BF4 have sp hybridization.
3
7. Answer (2)
Number of Hydrogen-bonds formed by water molecule = 4
8. Answer (1)
Difference of electronegativity is maximum between H and F in H.
 It will form strongest H-Bond.
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (Solutions) Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
9. Answer (1)
 
O C O
Linear molecule with two equal and opposite dipoles.
10. Answer (1)
K  C  N
KCN has ionic and covalent bonds.
11. Answer (1)

H
C
O Intramolecular
H Hydrogen bonding
O
12. Answer (2)
NH4 = 7 + 4 – 1 = 10e
–
–
BH 4– = 5 + 4 + 1= 10e
Both have same number of electrons and same total number of atoms, hence, isostructural.
13. Answer (2)

O2 is paramagnetic because it contains unpaired electrons. N2 does not have unpaired electrons hence
it is diamagnetic.
14. Answer (1)

F I
Cl F I Xe
O O
F I O
3 3 3
sp d sp d sp
T-Shaped Linear Pyramidal
15. Answer (2)

Due to H-bonding, boiling point and solubility in water increases
16. Answer (3)

F
O F F
Xe F Xe F
F O F F3
3 2 3
sp d sp d
Squareplanar Distorted octahedral
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Q.No. Solution
17. Answer (1)


N H3  H  N H4
sp 3 sp 3
18. Answer (1)

–
CN = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
CO = 6 + 8 = 14
Both have same number of electrons and same number of atoms.
19. Answer (1)

CO2 = 6 + 2 × 8 = 22
NO 2 = 7 + 8 × 2 – 1= 22
Both have same number of atoms and electrons, hence, isostructural.
20. Answer (1)
NH3  HCl  NH4 Cl 
When NH3 converts into NH4 number of lone pair decreases, hence, bond angle increases.
21. Answer (3)
KO 2  K   O 2
AlO 2  Al 3  O 22
BaO 2  Ba 2  O 22

+
N
NO 2 O O
Species Bond order No. of unpaired e–
3
O 2 1
2
O 22 1 0
only KO2 has unpaired electrons
22. Answer (1)

Cl Cl
Compound is not planar while is planar.
Cl Cl
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Q.No. Solution
23. Answer (3)
I3 , BP = 2 , LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5
(5, 2, 3) linear
XeF2, BP = 2, LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5

(5, 2, 3) linear

SO2 , O  S  O , BP = 2 , LP = 1 Total no. of hybridized orbital = 3
(3, 2, 1) sp2 bent or V shaped or angular
CHC–CCH linear
24. Answer (2)

Except BF3, all molecules have complete octet hence only BF3 can act as Lewis acid.
25. Answer (4)

All are sp2 hybridized with 120° bond angle.
26. Answer (1)

BF3 has sp2 hybridization hence 3 dipole moment vectors of equal magnitude are at 120° from each
other. Hence  = 0
P
120° 120°
120°
P P
 =0
27. Answer (4)
O N C
and are Isoelectronic
H H H H H H H H H
28. Answer (1)
ClO 2
1
VSEP = (V + M –C + A)
2
1
= (7 + 0 – 0 + 1)
2
8
=  4  sp3
2
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Q.No. Solution
29. Answer (2)
CIF3 is T-shaped.
30. Answer (4)
P
is pyramidal with one lone and three bond pairs.
F F F
31. Answer (1)

Cl
|
CCl4 ; C
Cl | Cl
Cl
all atoms in surrounding are same and no lone pairs present on central atom
Hence  = 0
32. Answer (1)
Smaller the cation and larger the Anion, higher is polarization.
33. Answer (4)

O 2  KO 2  H2O 2  Na 2O 2
      
 Increasing O — O bond length
34. Answer (1)
Cl Cl
Cl–P–Cl
|
Cl
Since P-has 5e– in its outermost shell and is forming 5 bonds hence all the 5e– are consumed and no
lone pair will remain.
35. Answer (3)
CO  CO 
Bond length
1.128 Å 1.115 Å
36. Answer (2)
+
+ Nonbonding overlap
–
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Q.No. Solution
37. Answer (2)

Compound Bond order
NO 2.5
NO 3
3
NO2
2
4
NO3
3
1
Bond length 
Bond order
38. Answer (4)

Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
I II III
II < I < III (increasing order of Bond angle)
1


III < I < II ( Increasing order of dipole moment ).
39. Answer (4)

O
P
O O
O
O P P O
O
O O
P
O
Each P is attached to 4 oxygen atoms.
40. Answer (1)

O
P greatest
F
F F
More electronegative substituent
41. Answer (1)

Bond order of CO = 3 & NO– = 2.5
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Q.No. Solution
42. Answer (4)
43. Answer (4)
Pyramidal
S
O F
F
44. Answer (4)

F O
Xe  Seesaw.
F O
Section-B
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1, 3)
CO2, Hg2Cl2 and C2H2 all have linear geometry.
2. Answer (1, 3)
SF4 BP = 4, LP = 1 VSEP = 5 , (5, 4, 1) seesaw
O
||
F–Xe–F BP = 4, LP = 1 VSEP = 5 , (5, 4, 1) seesaw
||
O
3. Answer (2, 3, 4)
F do not have d orbital hence it is always monovalent but Cl, Br, I have d orbital hence can show
variable valency.
4. Answer (2, 3)
If z is intermolecular axis than Px – Px and Py – Py will overlap sidewise
5. Answer (3, 4)
( XeO 4 , NH4 , CH4 ) and (CH3 , NH3 , NF3 ) are isostructural.
6. Answer (1, 3)
Hybridization of P in PCl4 is sp3 while in PCl6 is sp3d2.
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Q.No. Solution
7. Answer (2, 3, 4)
SnCl2 has lone pair on central atom hence it is not linear
Dipole moment of CH3Cl is more than CH3F because bond length of C–F is less (charge in both is
same).
=q×d
I3 has a linear shape.
8. Answer (1, 3, 4)
In (SiH3)3N. Lone pair is delocalized hence Lone pair-Bond pair repulsion decreases, hence, bond
angle increases.
9. Answer (1, 2)
SF4 and XeO2F2 both have 5 VSEP, 4 bond pair and 1 lone pair
10. Answer (2, 4)

NaCl is more soluble and p-hydroxy benzoic acid is more soluble.
11. Answer (1, 3)
When CO  CO+, bond order increases from 3 to 3.5 and when O2  O 2 bond order increases
from 2 to 2.5 because in both case electron is removed from antibonding molecular orbital.
12. Answer (1, 2, 4)

Molecular orbital No. of nodes
2pz 0
*2pz 1
2py 1
*2py 2
N P As
H | H H | H H | H
H H H
Size N < P < As
EN N > P > As
Bond angle increases with increasing electronegativity
CH3 is electron donating and CN is electron attracting, hence, order of dipole moment will be o < m < p
CH3
, CH3 is donor hence bond length decreases.
CH2=CH–CH3, Here CH3 can show hyper conjugation hence bond length will be between single and
double bond.
CH3–CH2–CH=CH2.
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Q.No. Solution
13. Answer (1, 2)

H2 gas molecule can not form H-bonding
HCl gas molecules have dipole interaction.
14. Answer (1, 3, 4)

In option 2, N-atom has 5 bonds.
15. Answer (1, 3)

MgF2 I2 Na3Bi
Ionic Covalent Metallic
BeF2 S8 Na3Sb
Ionic Covalent Metallic
Section-C
Q.No. Solution
Comprehension-I
1. Answer (1)
N2 2.5
N2 2.5
N2 3.0
N2 & N2 both have same bond order but N2 has higher number of antibonding e–. Hence correct order
is N2 < N2 < N2
2. Answer (4)
NOis paramagnetic
3. Answer (3)
F2 1
Ne2 0
C2 2
N2 3
N2 2.5
O 2 2.5
Both N2 & O 2 have bond order 2.5
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Q.No. Solution
Comprehension-II
1. Answer (1)
Cations are same, hence, smaller the size of anion, lesser is polarization and greater will be ionic
character.
2. Answer (1)
Li2CO3 has smaller cation hence more covalent character hence decompose on heating.
3. Answer (3)
LiCl BeCl2
RbCl MgCl2
Anions are same hence greatest ionic character is possessed by species having largest cation and
least ionic character will be possessed by species containing smallest cation.
Comprehension-III
1. Answer (2)
ICl4– is square planar molecule having zero dipole moment.
2. Answer (2)
CH3— is e– donar and —CN is e– acceptor groups.
3. Answer (2)
OH
In , H atoms are not in same plane. In p-xylene both moments are cancelled.
OH
4. Answer (1)
It should be sp hybridized and should have zero lone pair.
Comprehension-IV
1. Answer (1)
q1 q2
Lattice energy 
r2
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (4)
LiF have very high lattice energy.
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Q.No. Solution
Comprehension-V
1. Answer (1)
SnCl2 is bent shape molecule.
2. Answer (4)
3. Answer (4)
d have largest lobes and can easily takes part in all three hybridization.
z2
Section-D
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (2)
Factual.
2. Answer (1)
More EN atom shall repel each other strongly, increasing the bond angle. But back-bonding is possible
in PF3 due to vacand d-orbitals in P and availability of lp on F.
3. Answer (3)
AlF3 is ionic, hence, a solid. SiF4 is covalent, hence, a gas.
4. Answer (2)
S=C=S
C, S have almost same electronegativity, hence, CS2 is non polar.
CS2 is linear (BP = 2, LP = 0 , VSEP = 2)
5. Answer (3)
In PCl5 all bond angles and bond lengths are not equal.
6. Answer (4)
O=C=O
CO2 has two polar bonds although it is non polar.
7. Answer (2)
H2O is liquid due to Hydrogen-bonding; O is more electronegative than S but for Hydrogen-bonding
one atom should be highly electronegative while S is not highly electronegative.
8. Answer (2)
Boiling point of H2O is higher because it forms four hydrogen bonds per molecule.
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Q.No. Solution
9. Answer (1)
Larger will be anoin more will be polarisability.
10. Answer (3)

Bond order of O2 and O2– are 2.5 and 1.5 respectively.
11. Answer (4)

o-hydroxybenzoic acid has lower boiling point as it has intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Section-E
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer A(s), B(p), C(q), D(r)

xx
Si(CH3)3
|
N
N
CH3 | CH3
CH3 (CH3)3Si Si(CH3)3
In NSi(CH3)3 , Si uses its vacant d-orbital for back bonding with lone pair electrons of central N atom,
hence, has less tendency to release its electrons, hence, less basic.
Ortho nitro phenol shows intramolecular hydrogen bonding while para nitro phenol shows
intermolecular hydrogen bonding hence ortho isomer is more volatile.
+ +2
Na is smaller than Ca , hence, Na2CO3 has more lattice energy than CaCO3. Hence, Na2CO3 is more
thermally stable.
Water has high density than ice because ice forms cage like structure and large vacancies are created
in ice.
2. Answer A(q), B(r), C(s), D(p)

F
ClF3 : |
F–Cl–F
BP  3
 23
LP  2 
XeF4 :
F
|
F–Xe–F
|
F I
BP  4
 24
LP  2 
xx
–
I
I3 xx xx
LP = 3, BP = 2  3 + 2
I
H2S : H–S–H
LP = 2, BP = 2  2 + 2
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Q.No. Solution
3. Answer A(r), B(s), C(p), D(q)

H2Te
1
VSEP = (V + M – C + A)
2
1
= (6 + 2 – 0 + 0)
2
8
= = 4  sp3
2
XeF4
1
VSEP = (8 + 4 – 0 + 0)
2
12
= = 6  sp3d2
2
IClF2
Cl is centre atom
1
VSEP = (7 + 3 – 0 + 0)
2
10
= = 5  sp3d
2
O
||
H–C–O–H
central atom is C
If C attached with, one double bond then sp2
4. Answer A(p), B(s), C(r), D(q, s)
Section-F
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (6)
Fact.
2. Answer (6)
Fact.
3. Answer (4)
Hybridization is sp3d
 Five hybrid orbitals and one hybrid orbital is unused carrying lone pair.
4. Answer (0)
Its shape is distorted square pyramidal.
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Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (1)
Na2O2 contain O22 anion having bond order one.
6. Answer (6)
PCl6– exist
7. Answer (6)
Due to its trigonal bipyramidal shape.
8. Answer (5)
4 between C & N and one  between C —C.
9. Answer (0)
Fa
Feq Feq
Feq Feq
Br
Presence of lone pair will distort all the bond angles and none of the bond angle is exactly equal to 90º
FaBrFeq = 84°
FeqBrFeq = 89°
Section-G
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (3)
Fact.
2. Answer (4)
Bond order of CO+ is 3.5.
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (1)
5. Answer (2)
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Section-H
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (3)
Hybridisation compound/ion shape
(i) sp3d XeF3+ T
(ii) sp3d2 XeF5+ Square pyramid
2. Answer (1)
In PF3 due to presence of vacant d orbital.
3. Answer (2)
PBr5 exist on PBr4+Br– in solid.
4. Answer (4)
Fact
5. Answer (1)
In hydride down the group bond angle decreases.
6. Answer (1)
Due to network structure in water.
7. Answer (2)
Fact
8. Answer (2)
Opposite sign of wave function gives antibonding.
9. Answer (4)
Due to formation of pseudo dipole.
10. Answer (4)

Based on M.O. theory.
11. Answer (2)

In PCl5, P—Claxial bond length are large.
12. Answer (3)

Fact
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Q.No. Solution
13. Answer (3)
Fact
14. Answer (2)
Hybridization of S in orthorhombic S8.
15. Bond order of H2 = 1, H2+ = 0.5
He2+ = 1.5, He2 = 0
 H2 is more stable than H2+ but He2+ is more stable than He2
16. CO > SiO (stability order) because there is no tendency of p-p bonding in Si.
17. O S
> (bond angle)
H H H H
O is more electronegative than S, so it has more tendency to attract bonded electron pairs.
18. More the carbonate ion is polarized by the cation more is the chance of formation of CO2 and therefore
higher is probability of decomposition.
19. AlCl3 (anhydrous) is covalent because of very high ionization energy required for formation of Al+3. But
in hydrated condition, this excessive energy is obtained by hydration energy of smaller Al+3 ion.
20. White P has following tetrahedral structure where each phosphorus is attached to 3 other phosphorus
atoms by sigma bonds :
P
P P
P
In red phosphorus, molecule forms a chain structure (polymer like) where 2 inter molecular bonds are
made by each P4 unit.
21. Silicon has lower bond energy than carbon, so less tendency of catenation is present.
22. IF7 has lower covalent character i.e., higher ionic character this strengthens the I– F interaction, hence,
stabilizing the molecule.
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Q.No. Solution
23. Calculated µ = 4.8 × 10–10 esu × 1.62 × 10–8 cm = 7.776 D
0.39
Percentage ionic character  100 = 5%
7.776
Percentage covalent character = 100 – 5 = 95%.
24. To avoid strong repulsion of lone pair and bond pair.

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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (Solutions)

10. Answer (1)

11. Answer (1)

12. Answer (2)

13. Answer (2)

14. Answer (1)

15. Answer (2)

16. Answer (3)

17. Answer (1)

18. Answer (1)

19. Answer (1)

Both have same number of atoms and electrons, hence, isostructural.

20. Answer (1)

NH3  HCl  NH4 Cl 

21. Answer (3)

AlO 2  Al 3  O 22

BaO 2  Ba 2  O 22

Species Bond order No. of unpaired e–

only KO2 has unpaired electrons

22. Answer (1)

Compound is not planar while is planar.

23. Answer (3)

I3 , BP = 2 , LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5

XeF2, BP = 2, LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5

(3, 2, 1) sp2 bent or V shaped or angular

24. Answer (2)

25. Answer (4)

26. Answer (1)

27. Answer (4)

28. Answer (1)

29. Answer (2)

30. Answer (4)

31. Answer (1)

32. Answer (1)

Smaller the cation and larger the Anion, higher is polarization.

33. Answer (4)

34. Answer (1)

35. Answer (3)

36. Answer (2)

37. Answer (2)

38. Answer (4)

39. Answer (4)

40. Answer (1)

41. Answer (1)

42. Answer (4)

43. Answer (4)

44. Answer (4)

( XeO 4 , NH4 , CH4 ) and (CH3 , NH3 , NF3 ) are isostructural.

Hybridization of P in PCl4 is sp3 while in PCl6 is sp3d2.

I3 has a linear shape.

10. Answer (2, 4)

11. Answer (1, 3)

12. Answer (1, 2, 4)

, CH3 is donor hence bond length decreases.

13. Answer (1, 2)

14. Answer (1, 3, 4)

15. Answer (1, 3)

Both N2 & O 2 have bond order 2.5