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    Pole & Tower

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    Pole and tower structures are used to support overhead power lines. Pole structures are commonly used for distribution lines up to 145kV and come in various materials like wood, steel, and concrete. Wood poles require chemical treatment to prevent decay and damage. Tower structures are generally used for higher voltage transmission lines over 145kV due to longer spans and heavier loads. Towers come in various types designed for different angles of deviation up to 90 degrees and terminal applications. The document provides examples of typical pole and tower configurations used in overhead line design and construction.

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    Pole & Tower

    Uploaded by

    sujan723
    411 views6 pages
    Pole and tower structures are used to support overhead power lines. Pole structures are commonly used for distribution lines up to 145kV and come in various materials like wood, steel, and concrete. Wood poles require chemical treatment to prevent decay and damage. Tower structures are generally used for higher voltage transmission lines over 145kV due to longer spans and heavier loads. Towers come in various types designed for different angles of deviation up to 90 degrees and terminal applications. The document provides examples of typical pole and tower configurations used in overhead line design and construction.

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    pole and tower for tranmission

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    Pole and tower structures are used to support overhead power lines. Pole structures are commonly used for distribution lines up to 145kV and come in various materials like wood, steel, and concrete. Wood poles require chemical treatment to prevent decay and damage. Tower structures are generally used for higher voltage transmission lines over 145kV due to longer spans and heavier loads. Towers come in various types designed for different angles of deviation up to 90 degrees and terminal applications. The document provides examples of typical pole and tower configurations used in overhead line design and construction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    411 views6 pages

    Pole & Tower

    Uploaded by

    sujan723
    Pole and tower structures are used to support overhead power lines. Pole structures are commonly used for distribution lines up to 145kV and come in various materials like wood, steel, and concrete. Wood poles require chemical treatment to prevent decay and damage. Tower structures are generally used for higher voltage transmission lines over 145kV due to longer spans and heavier loads. Towers come in various types designed for different angles of deviation up to 90 degrees and terminal applications. The document provides examples of typical pole and tower configurations used in overhead line design and construction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    624 Structures, Towers and Poles

    17.4 POLE AND TOWER TYPES

    17.4.1 Pole structures

    Pole structures are especially used for economic household distribution at volt-
    age levels of 380/415 V and 20/11 kV where planning permission allows such
    arrangements in place of buried cables. Such pole structures are also used at the
    lower transmission voltage levels, typically at up to 145 kV but also with multi-
    pole and guyed (stayed) arrangements at voltages up to 330 kV. Low-voltage
    designs are based on matching the calculated equivalent pole head load to the
    particular type and diameter of wood, steel or concrete to be employed. At higher
    voltages specific designs are used in order to select optimum size and relative
    cost. Some examples of different pole arrangements are given in Fig. 17.11.
    Wood poles must be relatively straight and defects such as splits and shakes
    are unacceptable. There are various national standards, and Table 17.1 lists
    some European standards. Commonly used soft woods such as fir, pine and
    larch require impregnation with creosote, anti-termite repellents if to be used in
    tropical countries and similar chemicals to prevent decay. Some hardwoods may
    not need chemical treatment but these are becoming very expensive and their
    use is considered by some to damage the environment. The poles are usually

    Figure 17.11 Typical pole arrangements


    Structures, Towers and Poles 625

    direct buried with a depth of burial normally equal to one sixth of pole length.
    If this is insufficient to resist the design turning moment, supplementary block-
    ing or ‘Permasoil’ is used to provide further resistance to overturning.
    Tubular poles are available in single column circular sections, octagonal
    shapes made from folded steel and stepped/swaged sections. Very thin steel
    wall sections, slightly conical in shape, are also available. The poles are shipped
    with the smaller sections inside the larger ones for compactness. They are then
    erected on site by sliding one section over the other to form the pole as shown in
    Fig. 17.11.
    Concrete poles are available in prestressed spun or unstressed cast concrete.
    Light fibreglass poles are also available for light head loads. Figure 17.12
    shows a typical 115 kV twin pole single circuit line in Saudi Arabia with the
    oil wells in the distance, and Fig. 17.13 is a pole-mounted 11/0.415 kV distri-
    bution transformer.

    17.4.2 Tower structures

    Steel lattice towers are generally used at the higher voltage levels where
    longer spans, high wind loads, ice loads and heavy conductors make the use
    of wood or light steel poles impractical. Figure 17.14 gives some examples of
    typical tower outlines for single and double circuit configurations with single
    and double earth wires. In order to standardize, towers are categorized typi-
    cally to fulfil the following duties:
    Suspension towers straight line and deviation angles up to about 2°
    10° angle or angles of deviation up to 2° or at section positions also
    section tower for heavy weight spans or with unequal effective
    negative weight spans
    30° angle deviation angles up to 30°
    60° angle deviation angles up to 60°
    90° angle deviation angles up to 90°
    Terminal tower terminal tower loading taking full line tension on one
    side of tower and none or slack span on other – typically at
    substation entry

    The terminology adopted to describe such towers varies and must be clearly
    described in order to avoid confusion. For example, a double circuit 30° angle
    tower for twin conductor use could be described in short form as D30T, but the
    ‘T’ can be confused between ‘twin’ and ‘triple’. Many users would restrict the
    description to D30. Similarly, a double circuit terminal tower for twin conductor
    use could be described as DTT, or more commonly just DT. Extensions are
    described with a further addition; for example D30E6 describes a dual circuit
    tower with a 30° maximum angle and a six metre body extension.
    In addition to the conductor and insulator set loadings, tower design must
    take into account shielding angles (lightning protection). Further clearances
    must be maintained as the insulator sets swing towards the earthed tower
    626 Structures, Towers and Poles

    Figure 17.12 115 kV twin pole, single circuit line – Saudi Arabia
    Structures, Towers and Poles 627

    Figure 17.13 Pole-mounted 11/0.415 kV transformer and LV distribution

    structure under certain wind conditions. Figure 18.18 indicates the physical
    size of a 400 kV cap and pin glass insulator suspension set undergoing main-
    tenance on the Lydd/Bolney line in Southern England. Figure 17.15 shows
    ‘ducter’ (low resistance) measurements being taken on an overhead line clamp
    during refurbishment work on the Elland/Ferrybridge overhead line in
    Yorkshire. The tension insulator set is in the foreground.
    628 Structures, Towers and Poles

    Figure 17.14 Typical tower outlines

    Figure 17.15 400 kV cap and pin insulator set. Low resistance ‘ducter’ testing on connec-
    tions in progress
    Structures, Towers and Poles 629

    Figure 17.16 500 kV double circuit tower erection in progress, China

    REFERENCES

    1. Calculations of wind and ice loadings – an example of the application of IEC


    reports, 826-2 and 826-4, Electra 132, October 1990, Working Group 06
    (Line reliability and security) of Study Committee 22.
    2. Calculation of overhead line tower loadings, wind loading only, Paper 22–84
    (WG06)14 being CIGRE paper 22–87 (SC)01 now publication IEC 60826-2.
    3. Overhead distribution lines – some reflections on design, IEE Proceedings,
    Vol. 133, Pt. C, No. 7, November 1986.
    4. Overhead lines – loading strength: the probabilistic approach viewed inter-
    nationally, IEE Power Engineering Journal, September 1991.
    5. Mechanical effects of high short circuit currents in substations, IEEE
    Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-94, No. 5,
    September/October 1975.
    6. Steel Designers Manual, Crosby, Lockwood, Staples, Metric Edition.
    7. Safe design tension with respect to aeolian vibrations – part 1, Electra 186,
    October 1999 – TF 22.11.04.

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