vks3e~

fodklokn dk oSfnd fl)kUr

¼ys[kd & vkpk;Z vfXuozr uSf"Bd½
l`f”V o euq”; dh mRifÙk
oSKkfud txr~ ds fy, dqrwgy dk fo”k;
jgh gSA pkYlZ MkfoZu ds fodklokn dh
ifjdYiuk ds i’pkr~ blds leFkZu rFkk
fojks/k nksuksa gh i{kksa esa cgl pyrh vk
jgh gSA fodkloknh vo/kkj.kk vehck ls
ysdj euq”; rd dh J`a[kyk dks Øfed
fodkl dh nsu ekurh gS] ftlesa fofHkUu
iztkfr;ksa esa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy dqN ifjorZu vkrs jgdj mUgha ls
u;h&2 iztkfr;ka mRiUu gksrh jghaA bl izdkj bl fopkj/kkjk ds vuqlkj
euq”; ,oa vU; i’kq&if{k;ksa] dhV&iraxksa] lHkh ds iwoZt ,d gh Fks rFkk
vk/kqfud cUnj euq”; dk lokZf/kd fudV lEcU/kh gSA fofHkUu iztkfr;ksa esa
ukuk vaxksa dk fodkl Lo;eso vko’;drk ds vuq:i gksrk jgk vFkkZZr~ ,d
izk.kh nwljs izk.kh esa fdlh fo—fr ds dkj.k cnyrk jgkA bl fodklokn ds
fo#) Hkh vusd fons’kh oSKkfudksa us le;&2 ij vusd fl)kUr fn, gSaA
‘kkjhfjd fodkl] ckSf)d fodkl ,oa Hkk”kk ds fodkl] bu rhuksa gh fo”k;ksa

(1)
ij fodklokn ds fojks/kh fons’kh oSKkfudksa us Hkh vusd xEHkhj iz’u [kM+s
fd;s gSa] ijUrq fodkloknh dHkh bu iz’uksa dk leqfpr mÙkj ugha ns ikrsA
b/kj Hkkjr esa egf”kZ n;kuUn ljLorh ,oa muds ijorhZ o vuq;k;h vusd
fo}kuksa us fodklokn dh vo/kkj.kk dks feF;k fl) fd;k gS] iqujfi MkfoZu
dk fodklokn vkt Hkh dqN iwokZxzgh oSKkfudksa ds fy, vkn’kZ fl)kUr cuk
gqvk gSA
vHkh dsUnzh; ekuo lalk/ku fodkl
jkT; ea=h Jheku~ MkW- lR;ikyflag th ds
oDrO; fd ge lHkh ekuo cUnjksa dh ugha]
cfYd ekuo dh gh lUrku gSa] ij ;s
egkuqHkko dksykgy djrs gq, mu ij
prqfnZd~ vkØe.k djus yxrs gSaA ns’k ds
oSKkfud o oSKkfud laLFkku Hkh lc
,dtqV gks tkrs gSaA eSaus Hkh bu lHkh ls
lks’ky ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls vusd iz’u
iwNs Fks ijUrq fdlh Hkh izekf.kr laLFkk ok fo}ku~ us esjs iz’uksa dk mÙkj ugha
fn;k cfYd dqN egkuqHkkoksa us vuxZy izyki gh fd;kA bu egkuqHkkoksa dks
fdlh Hkh ns’kh vFkok fons’kh oSKkfud vFkok fopkjd dk ;g dFku dnkfi
Lohdkj ugha fd ge euq”; dh gh lUrku gSa\
esjs iz’uksa ds mÙkj esa dsoy esjk fl)kUr tkuus dh bPNk O;Dr djus
okys egkuqHkkoksa ds fy, eSa oSfnd fodklokn ij vius laf{kIr fopkj izLrqr
djrk gw¡A
oLrqr% ^fodklokn* ‘kCn ij fopkj djsa] rks ;g ‘kCn vfr mÙke o
lkFkZd gS] ysfdu MkfoZu ,oa muds leFkZdksa us bl ‘kCn dk leqfpr vFkZ
ugha tkuk vkSj vius voSKkfud er dks ^fodklokn* fo’ks”k.k ls foHkwf”kr
djus dk iz;kl fd;kA vxj ge lEiw.kZ l`f”V ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkj djsa]
rks Li”V gksrk gS fd lEiw.kZ l`f”V ,oa mldk izR;sd mRiUu inkFkZ fodkl
dh lhf<+;ka p<+r&s 2 gh orZeku Lo:i esa vkt fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA fcuk
Øfed fodkl ds izk.kh txr~ dh ckr gh D;k djsa] dksbZ yksd&yksdkUrj ok
,d d.k] QksVksu vkfn Hkh dHkh ugha cu ldrkA oSfnd foKku fodklokn
dh fo’kn O;k[;k djrk gS ijUrq gekjk fodklokn MkfoZu dk fodklokn
dnkfi ugha gSA MkfoZu dk fodklokn oLrqr% fodklokn ugha gS] cfYd
vfu;fU=r o cqf)foghu ;n`PN;kokn ¼euekukiu½ gS] ftls Hkzeo’k oSKkfud
fodklokn uke fn;k tk jgk gSA

(2)
 okLro esa fodkl dk vFkZ gS]
cht ls vadqj] vadqj ls ikS/kk o mlls
iq”i] Qy o iqu% cht dk mRiUu
gksukA vkt foKku ftUgsa ewy d.k eku
jgk gS] os DokdZ rFkk QksVksUl Hkh
okLro esa ewy inkFkZ ugha gSA os Hkh
lw{e jf’e;ksa dks la?kfur :i gSa vFkkZr~
mu jf’e;ksa ds ukuk leqnk;ksa ds
fodflr :i gSaA tks String
theorist bu d.kksa dks lw{e Strings
ls fufeZr ekurs gSa] os Strings Hkh ewy rRo ugha gSa] cfYd os oSfnd
jf’e;ksa ds la?kfur o fodflr :i gSaA Strings o d.kksa ok QksVksUl ds
fodkl ls orZeku foKku vufHkK gSA thofoKkuh ftl vehck dks lcls
NksVh bdkbZ ekurs gSa vFkok mlds vUnj fo|eku xq.klw=] thUl] D.N.A.
vkfn dks lw{ere inkFkZ ekurs gSa] os ugha tkurs fd tgk¡ mudk tho foKku
lekIr gks tkrk gS] ogk¡ HkkSfrd foKku izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj tgk¡ orZeku
HkkSfrd foKku lekIr gks tkrk gS] ogk¡ oSfnd HkkSfrd foKku izkjEHk gksrk
gS vkSj tgk¡ oSfnd HkkSfrd foKku dh lhek lekIr gks tkrh gS] ogk¡ oSfnd
vk/;kfRed foKku izkjEHk gksrk gSA vkt foMEcuk ;g gS fd oSfnd HkkSfrd
foKku ,oa oSfnd vk/;kfRed foKku dh furkUr mis{kk djds ok mldk
migkl ok fojks/k djds HkkSfrd foKku ,oa tho foKku vkfn dh leL;kvksa
dk gy [kkstus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g Hkh ,d nq%[kn lR; gS fd
lalkj dks oSfnd HkkSfrd foKku ls voxr djkus okys Hkh dgk¡ gSa\ bl
dkj.k orZeku foKku vusd leL;kvksa ls xzLr gS rFkk ,d leL;k dk
lek/kku djus dk iz;kl djrk gS] rks vusd ubZ leL;kvksa dks mRiUu Hkh
dj ysrk gSA ,d VSDuksykWth dk vkfo”dkj djrk gS] rks ukuk nq”izHkkoksa dks
Hkh mRiUu dj ysrk gS] nokvksa ds fodkl ds lkFk jksxksa dk Hkh fujUrj
fodkl gks jgk gS] lq[k&lk/kuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk&2 vijk/kksa ,oa i;kZoj.k
iznw”k.k dks Hkh le`) djrk tk jgk gSA bu lc leL;kvksa dk ewy dkj.k
gS] orZeku foKku dk viw.kZ Kku] ftldk dkj.k oSfnd Kku dh mis{kk gh
gSA vLrqA
ge ppkZ dj jgs Fks fd l`f”V dk izR;sd dfFkr ewyd.k o QksVksu
lw{e oSfnd jf’e;ksa ds vfr cqf)eÙkkiw.kZ la;ksx ls cus gSaA os jf’e;ka
euLrRo ,oa euLrRo] dky o iz—fr ds la;ksx ls mRiUu gksrk gSA lcds

(3)
ihNs loZfu;U=d] loZ’kfDreku~] loZO;kid] fujkdkj] loZK psru lÙkk bZ’oj
dh izsj.kk gSA l`f”V ds lokZf/kd lw{e rRo iz—fr ls ysdj orZeku ewyd.kksa
rd dh fodkl ;k=k cM+h yEch o O;ofLFkr oSKkfud izfØ;k gS] ftldk
orZeku HkkSfrd oSKkfudksa dks fo’ks”k Hkku ugha gSA ewyd.kksa ,oa QksVksu dh
mRifÙk ls ysdj rkjs] xzg o mixzgksa rd ds fuekZ.k rd dh fodkl ;k=k
dh ppkZ ;gk¡ djuk mfpr ughaA oSls orZeku Cosmology, Particle
Physics, Astrophysics, Quantum field theory, String theory
tSlh fofHkUu ‘kk[kk,a bu fo”k;ksa dh viuh lhek ds vUnj O;k[;k djrh
gSaA esjk fo”k; Hkh bUgha inkFkksZa ij xEHkhj izdk’k Mkyuk gSA tho foKku
esjk fo”k; ugha gS] iqujfi orZeku vU/k dksykgy ds chp dqN ;qodksa ds
vkxzg ij eSa viuh ckr HkkSfrd foKku dh xgjkb;ksa dks NksM+dj ouLifr
o izkf.ktxr~ dh mRifÙk ij gh dsfUnzr djrk gw¡A
tc i`fFkoh tSlk dksbZ xzg vius rkjs ls i`Fkd~ gksrk gS] fdaok rkjk mu
xzgksa ls i`Fkd~ gksdj nwj tkrk gS] ml le; xzg dk Lo:i vkXus; gksrk
gSA /khjs&2 og vkXus; :i BaMk gksdj nzoh; :i esa ifj.kr gksus yxrk gS
vkSj ml le; mRiUu ty ok”i /khjs&2 BaMs gksdj o`f”V gksus ls i`fFkoh ij
ty Hkh Hkjus yxrk gSA tks Hkkx ty ls ckgj jgrk gS] ogk¡ Hkh thou dh
mRifÙk gsrq vko’;d rRo vkDlhtu] gkbMªkstu] dkcZu] ukbVªkstu] D.N.A.,
R.N.A., olk] vehuks vEy] izksVhu] ty vkfn fofHkUu jklk;fud
vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fujUrj pyrs jgus ds dkj.k mRiUu gksus yxrs gSaA budh
mRifÙk esa lglzksa o”kZ yxrs gSaA ;s lHkh inkFkZ bl i`fFkoh ij ;=&r= nzo
o xSl :i esa Hkj tkrs gSaA l|% mRiUu lkxjksa esa Hkh ;s inkFkZ mRiUu gks
tkrs gSaA buds iqu% vfxze fodflr o la;qDr :i ls ,ddks’kh; ouLifr
dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA fofHkUu ,VEl o NksVs ekWyhD;wYl ds fof’k”V o cqf)tU;
la;ksx ls ouLifr dksf’kdk dh mRifÙk vfr jgL;e;h o O;ofLFkr izfØ;k
gSA ;g ckr lnSo /;krO; gS fd lw{e jf’e;ksa ls ysdj ouLifr dksf’kdk
ds fuekZ.k ds lglzksa pj.kksa dk lapkyu fdlh ;n`PN;k ¼euekukiu½ izfØ;k
ls lEHko ugha gks ldrk vkSj u gh ;g lc fu"iz;kstu vkSj vfu;af=r
izfØ;k gS] cfYd ;g bZ’oj rRo }kjk cqf)iwoZd izsfjr] fu;af=r o ,d
fof’k”V iz;kstu;qDr izfØ;k gSA ,d&2 dksf’kdk dh lajpuk dks /;ku ls
ns[ksa] rks ik;saxs fd blesa vjcksa lw{e d.kksa dk ,d fof’k”V oSKkfud la;ksx
gS vkSj muesa ls izR;sd d.k lSdM+ksa lw{e oSfnd jf’e;ksa dk fof’k”V la;qDr
ok fodflr :i gSA bl dkj.k loZ= psru ‘kfDr dh vfuok;Z Hkwfedk gSA
blds fcuk ;g izfØ;k ,d dne vkxs ugha c<+ ldrhA ;g Hkh /;krO; gS

(4)
fd ty] ok;q] Hkwfe ,oa buesa ok buds }kjk ukuk thouh; rRo cuus ds
mijkUr loZizFke ouLifr dh gh mRifÙk gksrh gSA ouLifr dksf’kdk ds mRiUu
gksus] mlds thfor jgus ,oa mlds fodflr gksdj ikS/ks ds mRiUu gksus ds
fy, vko’;d rRoksa dh mRifÙk igys gksrh gS] mlds i’pkr~ gh ouLifr
dksf’kdk dk tUe jklk;fud izfØ;k ls gksrk gSA izk.kh dksf’kdk ouLifr;ksa
ds fuekZ.k ds i’pkr~ gh mRiUu gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k gS fd lHkh tho&tUrq
ouLifr;ksa ij gh izR;{k ok ijks{k :i ls fuHkZj gSaA ekalkgkjh izk.kh ‘kkdkgkjh
izkf.k;ksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA bl dkj.k ouLifr;ksa dh mRifÙk ds i’pkr~ tho
tUrqvksa dh mRifÙk ,ddks’kh; tho ls gh izkjEHk gksrh gSA ouLifr;ksa esa Hkh
ljy ls tfVy lajpuk okyh ouLifr;ksa dh Øfed mRifÙk gksrh gSA Øfed
mRifÙk dk vFkZ ;g ugha fd ‘kSoky fodflr gksdj oV o`{k cu tk;s vFkok
ihiy] vke vkSj ccwy cknke dk :i ys ysA blh izdkj ,ddks’kh; tho
vehck dh mRifÙk Hkwfe ok ty esa gksrh gS] ysfdu dksbZ tho Hkys gh og
,ddks’kh; gks vFkok cgqdks’kh;] dsoy dqN inkFkksZa dk jklk;fud la;ksx
ek= gh ugha gksrk] vfirq mlds vUnj lw{e psru rRo thokRek dk Hkh
la;ksx gksrk gSA lEiw.kZ la;ksx gh tho dk :i gksrk gSA orZeku foKku Hkh
jklk;fud la;ksxksa ls dksf’kdk dh mRifÙk ekurk gS&
A very important step the formation of a cell must have
been the development of lipid mambrane. In order that
biological systems can function efficiently, it is essential that
the enzymes connected with successive stages of synthesis of
biochemical pathway should be in a close a proximity to one
another. The necessary conditions for this are obtained in cells
by means of lipid manbranes which can maintain local high
concentration of reactants. The presence of hydrocarbons early
in the earth’s history has already been mentioned....
Life requires for its maintanance a continous supply of
energy this could have been provided by ultraviolate or visible
light from the sun, or possibly partly from the break down of
unstable free radiations produced in the earth’s atmosphere by
ultraviolate light. [Cell Biology, page - 474 by E.J. Ambrose &
Dorothy M.Easty, London -1973]

(5)
 Hkko ;g gS fd bl i`fFkoh ij jklk;fud] tSfod fØ;kvksas ls fofHkUu
Ádkj ds ,atkbEl dk fuekZ.k gksdj thou gsrq vko’;d inkFkksZa dk fuekZ.k
gks x;kA blds lkFk gh vusd= jklk;fud inkFkksZa }kjk gh dksf’kdk fHkfÙk;ksa
rFkk tho nzO;kfn dk fuekZ.k bl Hkwfe ij gqvk rFkk mu dksf’kdkvksa dks
lrr iks”k.k nsus dk dk;Z i`fFkoh ij mifLFkr vko’;d jklk;fud inkFkksZa
rFkk lw;Z ds Ádk’k us fd;kA
dqN oSKkfud ,slk ekurs gSa fd i`fFkoh ij thou fdlh vU; xzg ls
vk;k] muls ge tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd ftl izdkj fdlh vU; xzg ij thou
dh mRifÙk gks ldrh gS] mlh izdkj bl i`fFkoh ij D;ksa ugha gks ldrh\
oLrqr% ,slk fopkj loZFkk vifjiDo lksp dk ifj.kke gSA orZeku dqN
oSKkfud Hkh bl /kkj.kk ls lger ugha gSaA os dgrs gSa&
The view the life did infact originate on the earth itself
after it had cooled over a period of many thousands of years is
almost universally accepted today. [Cel Biology, page - 474]
tks oSKkfud vehck ls fodflr gksdj vFkkZr~ ,d iztkfr ls nwljh
iztkfr ds mRiUu gksus dh ckr djrs gSa] os ;g ugha fopkjrs fd u rks
ouLifr esa vkSj u izkf.k;ksa esa ,slk ifjorZu lEHko gS vkSj u bldh dksbZ
vko’;drk gSA ge ;gk¡ oSKkfudksa ds dfYir o feF;k fodklokn ij dksbZ
iz’u bl dkj.k ugha djsaxs] D;ksafd ge bl ij igys vusd iz’u dj pqds
gSaA tks MkfoZu ds fodklokn dh foLrkj ls leh{kk pkgrs gSa] mUgsa vk;Z
fo}ku~ ia-j?kquUnu 'kekZ }kjk fyf[kr ^oSfnd lEifr* uked xzUFk i<+uk
pkfg,A Hkyk tc vehck dh mRifÙk jklk;fud fØ;kvksa ls gks ldrh gS]
rc fofHkUu izkf.k;ksa ds ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq dh mRifÙk blh izdkj D;ksa ugha
gks ldrh\ tc 500 ls vf/kd xq.klw=ksa okyk vehck jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k
ls mRiUu gks ldrk gS] rc cUnj] fpEiSath] vksjkaxmVku ftuesa 48&48
xq.klw= gksrs gSa] 46 xq.klw= okys euq”; esa L=h o iq#”k ds 23&23 xq.klw=
okys ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq dh mRifÙk vehck dh Hkkafr D;ksa ugha gks ldrh\
euq”; ds gh cjkcj xq.klw= okys Sable Antelope tSls fgju tSls i’kq
rFkk Reaves’s Muntjac uked fgju tSls tkuoj ds ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq]
56 xq.klw= okys gkFkh ds ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq D;ksa mRiUu gks ldrs\ phaVh]
ftlesa dsoy 2 xq.klw= gh gksrs gSa] og D;ksa mRiUu gks ldrh\
;gk¡ oSfnd er ;g gS fd ftl tho ds Hkj.k&iks”k.k gsrq ftrus de
inkFkksZa dh vko’;drk gksrh gS] og tho mruk igys gh mRiUu gksrk gSA

(6)
lHkh izkf.k;ksa ls iwoZ ouLifr;ksa dh mRifÙk gksrh gS vkSj ekalkgkjh izkf.k;ksa
ls iwoZ ‘kkdkgkjh izkf.k;ksa dh rFkk ‘kkdkgkfj;ksa esa euq”; ,d ,slk izk.kh gS]
ftls lcls fodflr ok mUur ekuk tk ldrk gS ,oa og fofHkUu izkf.k;ksa
o ouLifr;ksa ij fuHkZj jgrk gS] blh dkj.k mldh mRifÙk lcls ckn esa
gksrh gSA
vc iz’u ;g mBrk gS fd Hkzw.kksa dk fodkl fcuk eknk ds dSls gksrk
gS\ ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq rks ekuysa jklk;fud fØ;k ds QyLo:i Hkwfe ok ty
esa mRiUu gks x;k ijUrq ‘kqØk.kq o v.Mk.kq dk fu”kspu o Hkzw.k dk fodkl
dgk¡ o dSls gqvk\ bl fo”k; esa euq”;ksRifÙk dh ppkZ djrs gq, egf”kZ
n;kuUn ljLorh us ^lR;kFkZ izdk’k* uked xzUFk esa ;qokoLFkk esa Hkwfe ls
mRifÙk crkbZ gSA mUgksaus rdZ fn;k gS fd ;fn f’k’kq voLFkk esa mRifÙk gksrh
rks] mudh j{kk o ikyu dkSu djrk rFkk ;fn o`) mRiUu gksrs] rks oa’k
ijEijk dSls pyrh\ bl dkj.k euq”; dh ;qokoLFkk esa gh Hkwfe ls mRifÙk
gksrh gSA ;|fi bl fo”k; esa mUgksu a s dksbZ izek.k ugha fn;k ijUrq gesa _Xosn
ds izek.k bl fo”k; esa feys] tgk¡ fy[kk gS&
mi liZ ekrja Hkwfeesrkeq#O;pla i`fFkoha lq’ksoke~A
Å.kZeznk ;qofrnZf{k.kkor ,”kk Rok ikrq fu_Zrs#iLFkkr~AA 10-18-10
bl ij esjk vkf/kHkkSfrd Hkk”; & gs tho! ¼lq’ksoke~½ ¿lq’kso% lqlq[kre%&
fu#Dr 3-3À mÙke lq[k nsus esa loZJs”B ¼,rke~½ bl ¼ekrje~½ ekrk ds
leku ¼Hkwfee~½ izkjEHk esa ftlds xHkZ esa lHkh izk.kh mRiUu gksrs ok ftl ij
lHkh izk.kh fuokl djrs gSa] og i`fFkoh ¼m#&O;ple~½ vfr foLrkj okyh
gksdj lHkh Hkzw.kksa dks ¼mi liZ½ fudVrk ls izkIr gksrh gS] blds lkFk gh
ml xHkZ dk vkUrfjd vkoj.k fujUrj gYdk LiUnu djrk jgrk gS
¼Å.kZeznk½ ¿Å.kZeznk bR;w.kZe`}hR;soSrnkg& dk’k- 4-2-1-10] lk/oh nsosH;
bR;soSrnkg ;nkgks.kZeznla Rosfr& ‘k- 1-3-3-11À og Hkwfe mu Hkzw.kksa dks ,slk
vkPNknu iznku djrh gS] tks Åu ds leku dksey] fpduk o vkjkenk;d
gksA og ml fnO; Hkzw.k dks lc vksj ls xHkZ ds leku lq[kn Li’kZ;qDr ?kj
iznku djrh gSA ¼;qofr%½ ml xHkZ:i i`fFkoh esa ukuk thouh; jlksa ds
feJ.k&vfeJ.k dh fØ;k,a fujUrj pyrh jgrh gSa ¼nf{k.kkor%½ og i`fFkoh
mu Hkzw.kksa dks rc rd iks”k.k iznku djrh jgrh gS] tc rd os viuk ikyu
o j{k.k djus esa iw.kZ n{k vFkkZr~ l{ke u gks tk;sa ¼,”kk½ ;g Hkwfe ¼Rok½
rqe tho dks ¼fu_Zrs%&miLFkkr~½ ¿fu_ZfrfuZje.kkr~ _PNrs% —PNªkifÙkfjrjk&
fu#- 2-8À iw.kZ :i ls fujUrj lkuUn je.k djrh gS] ,sls lqjf{kr o

(7)
mÙke LFkkuksa esa ¼ikrq½ mu Hkzw.kksa ok thoksa dk ikyu djrh gSA blds lkFk
gh tgk¡ Dys’k igqap ldrk gS] ,sls vlqjf{kr LFkkuksa ls ml Hkwfe ds xHkZ:i
vkoj.k ml tho ok Hkzw.k dh j{kk djrs gSaA

mPN~o¥~pLo i`fFkoh ek fu ck/kFkk% lwik;ukLeS Hko lwio¥~pukA

ekrk iq=a ;Fkk flpkH;sua Hkwe Å.kqfgZAA 10-18-11
esjk vkf/kHkkSfrd Hkk”; & ¼i`fFkfo½ og xHkZ:i iwoksZDr i`fFkoh ¼mPN~o¥~pLo½
mR—“V:is.k Å/oZ fn’kk esa LifUnr gksrh gqbZ fdaok mQurh gqbZ gksrh gSA ¼ek
ck/kFkk%½ ml Hkwfe dk vkoj.k ,slk gksrk gS] tks mlds vUnj iy jgs Hkzw.k
ok tho dks izkIr gks jgs thouh; jlksa dks ugha jksdrk gS vFkkZr~ os jl
fjl&2 dj ml tho dks izkIr gksrs jgrs gSa ¼vLeS½ og bl thou ds fy,
¼lwik;uk&Hko½ og Hkwfe mls iks”kd o lao/kZd thouh; rRoksa dk migkj HksaV
djrh gS ¼lwio¥~puk½ ¿mio¥~pue~ ¾ nqcduk& vkIVsÀ og Hkwfe vkoj.k
mu Hkzw.kksa ok thoksa dks vPNh izdkj fNikdj vkJ; iznku djrk gS ¼ekrk
;Fkk½ ftl izdkj ekrk viuh lUrku dks xksn ok xHkZ esa <d dj lqj{kk
iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj ¼fu&flpk Hkwes%½ ¿fu$flp~ ¾ Åij Mky nsuk]
xHkZ;qDr djuk& vkIVsÀ Hkwfe ds os Hkkx mu thoksa dks vius xHkZ esa ysdj
muds Åij ukuk vkoj.kksa ds }kjk ¼,ua½ mu thoksa dks ¼vfHk Å.kZqfg½ lc
vksj ls vkPNkfnr dj ysrs gSaA
mPN~o¥~pekuk i`fFkoh lq fr”Brq lglza fer mi fg J;Urke~A
rs x`gklks ?k`r’pqrks HkoUrq fo’okgkLeS ‘kj.kk% lURo=AA 10-18-12
esjk vkf/kHkkSfrd Hkk”; & ¼mPN~o¥~pekuk½ iwoksZDr mQuh ,oa e`nq LiUnu
djrh gqbZ lh dksey ¼i`fFkoh½ Hkwfe ¼lq fr”Brq½ mu Hkzw.kksa ok thoksa dh

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vkPNkfndk gksdj lqn`<+rk ls lqj{kkiwoZd fLFkr gksdj mu thoksa dks Hkh LFkS;Z
iznku djrh gS ¼lglze~ fer%½ ml Hkwfe ds i`Fkd~&2 LFkkuksa esa vusd la[;k
esa ¼mi fg J;Urke~½ tho fudVrk ls vkJ; ikrs gSa fdaok mu xHkZ:i
LFkkuksa esa cM+h la[;k esa ¿fer% ¾ feuksfrxfrdekZ& fu?ka- 2-14À fofHkUu
lw{e v.kqvksa dk izokg cuk jgrk gS ¼rs x`gkl%½ Hkwfe ds os LFkku mu thoksa
ds fy, ?kj ds leku gksrs gSa ¿x`gke~ ¾ x`gk% dLekn~ x`g~.kkrhfr lrke~&
fu#- 3-13À vkSj ?kj ds leku os Hkwdks”B mu thoksa dks ,sls gh idM+s ok
/kkj.k fd, jgrs gSa] tSls ekrk viuh lUrku dks xHkZ esa /kkj.k fd, jgrh
gS ¼/k`r’pqrks HkoUrq½ os Hkwdks”B ,sls gksrs gSa fd muesa ?kh ds leku fpdus
jl lnSo fjlrs jgrs gSa ¼vLeS½ os mu thoksa ds fy, ¼fo’okgk½ ¿fo’okgk
¾ lokZf.k fnukfu& e-n-;-Hkk- 7-10À loZnk vFkkZr~ iw.kZ ;qokoLFkk rd
¼’kj.kk% lUrq v=½ bl voLFkk esas os tho mu dks”Bksa esa vkJ; ikrs gSaA
bu ea=ksa esa Hkwfe ds vUnj ;qokoLFkk rd dSls euq”; lfgr lHkh
tjk;qt izk.kh fodflr gksrs gSa] bldk lqUnj fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA
ftl Ádkj vehck vkfn ,d dks’kh; Ák.kh dh dksf’kdk dk fuekZ.k
jklk;fud o tSfod fØ;kvksa ls gksrk gS] mlh Ádkj cgqdks’kh; tjk;qtksa
rFkk v.Mtksa ds Hkh ‘kqØ rFkk jt dk fuekZ.k bl mQuh gqbZ dksey rFkk
lHkh vko’;d inkFkZ] tks Hkh ekrk ds xHkZ esa gksrs gSa] ls ifjiw.kZ i`fFkoh ds
/kjkry dh ijrksa esa gks tkrk gSA vc ge fopkjsa fd Hkzw.k ds iks”k.k ds fy,
ekrk ds xHkZ dh vko’;drk D;ksa gksrh gS\ bl dkj.k] rkfd Hkzw.k dks
vko’;d o`f) gsrq iks”kd inkFkZ ÁkIr gks ldsa] Hkz.w k dks lqjf{kr dksey]
fpduk vkoj.k rFkk vko’;d rki fey ldsA ;fn bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks
ekrk ds xHkZ ls vU;= dgha mRiUu dj fn;k tk;s] rks Hkzw.k dk fodkl ogha
gks tk;sxk] ftl Ádkj vkt ij[kuyh ls cPps iSnk fd;s x;s gSaA
gk¡] ,d ckr egRo dh gS fd ml le; euq”; ok dksbZ Hkh tjk;qt
;qokoLFkk esa Hkwfe ls mn~fHktksa dh Hkkafr mRiUu gksrk gSA Hkxon~ n;kuUn th
egkjkt dk ;g dFku loZFkk mfpr gS fd ;fn f’k’kq mRiUu gks] rks ikyu
dkSu djs vkSj ;fn o`) iSnk gksrs] rc muls oa’k dSls pyrk\ ¼ns[ksa& lR;kFkZ
Ádk’k] v”Ve leqYykl½ mifu”kRdkj _f”k bls vkSj foLrkj nsrk gS&
rLekPp nsok cgq/kk laÁlwrk% lk/;k euq”;k%----------AA eq.Md mi-2-1-7
vFkkZr~ ml ijekRek ls vusd fo}ku~ flf) ÁkIr tu rFkk lk/kkj.k
fo}ku~ tu iSnk gq,A

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 vk;Z fo}ku~ vkpk;Z oS|ukFk th ‘kkL=h us ^^oSfnd ;qx vkSj vkfnekuo**
esa cksLVu uxj ¼vesfjdk½ ds fLeFk lhfu;u baLVhV~;wV ds tho foKku ds
foHkkxk/;{k MkDVj DykdZ dks mn~/k`r djrs gSa&
Man appeared able to think walk and defend himself.
vFkkZr~ euq”; l`f”V ds vkfn dky esa lkspus] pyus rFkk Lo;a dh j{kk djus
esa leFkZ mRiUu gksrk gSA
;gk¡ dksbZ ;g Á’u djs fd i`fFkoh :ih xHkZ esa iPphl o”kZ rd ;qok
dSls iyrk vkSj c<+rk jgk\ rks bl ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkjsa] rks dksbZ vkifÙk
Árhr ugha gksrh D;ksafd ftl Ádkj vkt Hkh ,d ckyd] tks yxHkx 9 ekl
ekrk ds xHkZ esa jgrk gSA Álo ds iwoZ u ‘okal ysrk gS] u jksrk gS] u
galrk gS] u gkFk&iSj Qsadrk gS] u [kkrk] ihrk] ey&ew=kfn folftZr djrk
gS] mlesa Álo ds rqjUr ckn lHkh fØ;k;sa rqjUr ÁkjEHk gks tkrh gSA rc
;g D;k vn~Hkqr ckr ugha gS] vk’p;Ztud ugha gS\ ;fn fdlh O;fDr dks
bl lcls nwj j[kk tk;s vkSj bl Álo ÁfØ;k ls furkUr vufHkK gksos]
rc og bl Álo ÁfØ;k dks lEHko ugha ekusxkA ;fn mlus v.Mtksa dh
gh mRifÙk ns[kh gks] rks og tjk;qtksa dh Álo ÁfØ;k dks v.Mtksa ls fHkUu
ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gksxkA blfy, ;qokoLFkk esa Ákf.k;ksa dh mRifÙk vlEHko
ugha gS] gk¡] vn~Hkqr vo’; gSA fQj bruh l`f”V ÁfØ;k dh tfVyrk]
Øec)rk] oSKkfudrk D;k vn~Hkqr ugha gS\ rc ;qokoLFkk esa Ák.kh mRifÙk
dgk¡ fofp= jg tkrh gS\
;g Hkh tkuuk vko’;d gS fd ftl Ádkj jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa ls
Hkwfe :ih ekrk ds vUnj Ákf.k;ksa dh mRifÙk gksdj lHkh tqjk;qt] v.Mt
rFkk Losnt ,d gh Ádkj ls Hkwfe dh ijrksa esa mn~fHktksa dh HkkWafr ;qokoLFkk
esa iSnk gq,] mlh Ádkj jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa ls fofHkUu ouLifr;ksa ds
cht Hkwfe dh ijrksa esa cudj rFkk vko’;d iks”kd inkFkZ i`fFkoh ij gh
fey tkus ls ;=&r= ikS/ks] ouLifr ok fo’kkydk; o`{k iwoZ esa gh mRiUu
gks x;s FksA ftl Ádkj dksbZ Ák.kh mRiUu gksrk gS] mldk Hkkstu mls rRdky
Hkwfe ij rS;kj feyrk gSA euq”;ksa ds vusdksa uj&ukjh tksM+s ;qokoLFkk esa Hkwfe
ij ÁdV gq,] ml le; mls i`fFkoh Qy] Qwy o vUu vkfn ls ifjiw.kZ
feyh vkSj os Hkwfe ls fudy dj rRdky gh Qykfn mlh Ádkj [kkus dks
Áo`Ùk gq,] ftl Ádkj vkt ckyd ¼euq”; ok xk; vkfn Ik’kq dk½ iSnk gksrs
gh ekrk dk nqX/kiku djus yxrk gSA blesa dgha dksbZ lUnsg ok ‘kadk dks
vodk’k ugha gSA

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 ;g eSaus la{ksi esa euq”; dh mRifÙk ds fo”k; esa fy[kkA eq>s cM+k
vk’p;Z gS fd pkYlZ MkfoZu ds i’pkr~ muds iq=ksa lfgr vusdkas ;wjksfi;u
oSKkfudksa us Hkh bl feF;k fodklokn dk [k.Mu fd;k ijUrq ik’pkR; ds
nkl cus dfFkr izcq)ksa ds efLr”d esa vHkh pkYlZ MkfoZu dk Hkwr cSBk gqvk
gSA
vc eSa la{ksi esa ia- j?kquUnu ‘kekZ }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd ^oSfnd lEifÙk*
ls dqN oSKkfudksa ds fopkjksa dks Hkh mn~/k`r djuk pkgrk gw¡&
lj vksfyoj ykWt fy[krs gSa&
We are in the process of evolution; we have arrived in this
planet by evolution. That is all right. What is evolution?
Unfolding development-unfolding as a bud unfolds into a
flower, as an acron into an oak. Every thing is subject to a
process of growth, of development, of unfolding.
vFkkZr~ ge yksx fodkl ds gh izcU/kk/khu gSaA ge yksx fodkl }kjk gh bl
i`fFkoh xzg ij igqaps gSaA ;g lc lR; gS] fdUrq fodkl D;k gS\ fodkl
vckf/kr mUufr gSA vckf/kr vFkkZr~ dyh ls Qwy gks tkus dk fu;e&cht
ls o`{k gks tkus dk ekxZA izR;sd inkFkZ dyh ls Qwy dh Hkkafr vckf/kr
mUufr dk gh Qy gSA (Science and Religion, p.16.) (oS- lEifÙk i`-
150)
There is manifest progress in the succession of being on
the surface of the earth. This progress consists in an increasing
similarity of the living fauna, and among the vertebrates
especially, in their increasing resemblance to man ……. But
this connection is not the consequence of a direct linkage
between the fauna of different ages. There is nothing like
parental descent connecting them. The fishes of the Palaeozoik
age are in no respect the ancestors of the reptiles of the
secondary age, nor does man descend from the mammals which
preceded him in the Tertiary age. The link by which they are
connected is of a higher and immaterial nature and Himself,
whose aim in forming the earth, in allowing it to undergo

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successively all the different types of animals which have passed
away, was to introduce man upon the surface of our globe. Man
is the end towards which all the animal-creation has tended
from the first appearance of the Palaeozoic fishes.
vFkkZr~ i`fFkoh ij mRiUu gksus okys] fcuk gM~Mh ds tUrqvksa vkSj
euq”;kfn gM~Mhnkj izkf.k;ksa esa ,d leku gh mUufr ns[kh tkrh gS] ijUrq
bl lekurk dk ;g rkRi;Z ugha gS fd ,d izdkj ds izk.kh nwljs izdkj ds
izkf.k;ksa ls gh fodflr gq, gksaA vkfne dkyhu eRL; gh] liZ.k’khy izkf.k;ksa
ds iwoZt ugha gSa vkSj u euq”; gh vU; Lru/kkfj;ksa ls fodflr gqvk gSA
izkf.k;ksa dh J`a[kyk fdlh vHkkSfrd rRo ls lEcU/k j[krh gS] ftlus i`fFkoh
ij vusd izdkj ds izkf.k;ksa dh l`f”V djds vUr esa euq”; dh jpuk dh
gSA - Principles of Zoology, Pg. 205-206 by Agassiz (oS- lEifÙk
i`-150-151)
How did living creatures begin to be upon the earth? In
point of science, we do not know. vFkkZr~ foKku ds }kjk ge ugha
tkurs fd i`fFkoh ij tho/kkjh izkf.k;ksa dh l`f”V dSls gqbZA -Introduction
to Science, Pg. 142 by J.A. Thomson (oS- lEifÙk i`-152)
The question is : what was the manner of their being upon
the previously tenantless Earth? Our answer must be that we
do not know.
vFkkZr~ bl mtkM+ i`fFkoh ij izk.kh dSls mRiUu gq,\ bl iz’u dk ge
;gh mÙkj nsrs gSa fd ge yksx ugha tkursA -Evolution, Pg. 70 by Prof.
Patrick Geddes (oS- lEifÙk i`-152)
uoEcj lu~ 1922 ds New Age uked i= esa Jones Bowson
dgrs gSa fd ^fczfV’k E;wft;e ¼vtk;c?kj½ dk v/;{k MkW- ,sfFkzt dgrs gSa
fd bl fczfV’k E;wft;e esa ,d d.k Hkh ,slk ugha gS] tks ;g fl) dj
lds fd tkfr;ksa (Species) esa ifjorZu gqvk gSA fodkl fo”k;d nl esa ukS
ckrsa O;FkZ vkSj fuLlkj gSaA buds ijh{k.kksa dk vk/kkj lR;rk vkSj fujh{k.k
ij fcydqy voyfEcr ugha gSA lalkj Hkj esa dksbZ Hkh lkeku ,slk ugha gS]
tks fodkl dh lgk;rk djrk gksA* (oS- lEifÙk i`-170)

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 izFke fo’o;q) ds le; ^fØf’p;u gsjYM* esa ;g lekpkj Nik Fkk fd
fczfV’k lkbal lkslk;Vh dk vf/kos’ku esycksuZ ¼vkLVªsfy;k½ esa gqvkA izksQslj
fofy;e osVlu blds lHkkifr FksA mUgksaus vius Hkk”k.k esa dgk fd ^Mkjfou
dk fodklokn fcydqy vlR; vkSj foKku ds fo#) gSA* izks- izsfVªdxsfMl
dgrs gSa fd For it must be admitted that the factors of the
evolution of man partake largely of the nature of the may-be’s
which has no permanent position in Science. vFkkZr~ ;g ;q) bl
ckr dk izek.k gS fd euq”; tSlk igys Fkk oSlk gh vc Hkh gSA -Ideals
of Science and Faith. (oS- lEifÙk i`-212)
lj ts- MCY;w Mklu dgrs gSa fd ^foKku dks cUnj vkSj euq”; ds
chp dh vk—fr dk dqN Hkh irk ugha gSA euq”; dh izkphure vfLFk;k¡ Hkh
orZeku euq”; tSlh gh gSaA buls ml fodkl dk dqN irk ugha yxrk] tks
bl euq”;&’kjhj ds igys gqvk FkkA* (oS- lEifÙk i`-170)
flMuh dkWysV dgrs gSa fd ^lkbal dh Li”V lk{kh gS fd euq”; vour
n’kk ls mUur n’kk dh vksj pyus ds LFkku esa mYVk voufr dh vksj tk
jgk gSA euq”; dh vkjfEHkd n’kk mÙke FkhA* (oS- lEifÙk i`-171)
vkpk;Z oS|ukFk ‘kkL=h }kjk fyf[kr ^^oSfnd ;qx vkSj vkfn ekuo**
iqLrd i`- 11 ls mn~/k`r&
Now a days unhappily Jelly fish produces nothing but Jelly
fish. But had that gelatinous morsel been fated to live. say a
million of centuries earlier it might have been the proginitor of
the race from which Homer and Plato, Devid and paul,
Shakespear and our eminent professor have in their order been
evolved. (Conder’s Natural Selection and Natural Theology)
If it could be shown that the thrush was hatched from the
lizard. (Conder’s same book)
ÝSap nk’kZfud Henri Bergson dks Anti Darwin theory nsus ds
fy, ukscsy iqjLdkj feykA fQj Hkh gekjs izcq)ksa dks dqN le> ugha vk;kA
usV ij vusdksa vU; fons’kh oSKkfudksa dks Neo Darwinism vkfn MkfoZu
fojks/kh F;ksfjt~ dh ppkZ djrs lq/kh ikBd ns[k ldrs gSaA b/kj Hkkjrh;
oSKkfudksa dh ppkZ ds izlax esa vk;Z fo}ku~ Lokeh fo|kuUn ljLorh }kjk

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jfpr ^^lR;kFkZ HkkLdj** xzUFk ¼i`- 877½ dks mn~/k`r djuk ;gk¡ izklafxd
gS&
ouLifr’kkL= ds vUrjkZ”Vªh; [;kfrizkIr fo}ku~ Mk- chjcy lkguh ls
iwNk x;k& ^^vki dgrs gSa fd vkjEHk esa ,d lsy ds thfor izk.kh Fks] muls
mUufr djds cM+&s 2 izk.kh cu x;sA vki ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd vkjEHk esa
cgqr FkksM+k Kku Fkk] /khjs&2 mUufr gksrs gq, Kku ml voLFkk dks igqap
x;k] ftldks foKku vkt igqapk gqvk gSA** rc vki ;g rks crkb;s fd&
“Wherefrom did life come in the very beginning and wherefrom
did knowledge come in the very beginning?” vFkkZr~ ^^izkjEHk esa
thou dgk¡ ls vk;k vkSj izkjEHk esa Kku dgk¡ ls vk;k\ D;ksafd thou ‘kwU;
ls mRiUu gks x;k] ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrkA** Mk- lkguh us mÙkj esa dgk]
^^blds lkFk gekjk dksbZ lEcU/k ugha fd vkjEHk esa thou ;k Kku dgk¡ ls
vk;kA** ge bl ckr dks Lohdkj djds pyrs gSa fd vkjEHk esa dqN thou
Hkh Fkk vkSj dqN Kku Hkh Fkk&

“With this we are not concerned as to where from life came

in the very beginning or wherefrom knowledge came in the
very beginning. We are to take it for granted that there was
some life in the beginning of the world and there was
knowledge also in the beginning of the world and by slow
progress it increased.”

blls Hkh fodklokn dh nqcZyrk izdV gks tkrh gSA

vUr esa eSa Hkkjr gh ugha] vfirq fo’o Hkj ds izcq) ekuoksa o oSKkfudksa
ls fuosnu djuk pkgawxk fd os vius bfrgkl ij xoZ djuk lh[ksAa vki
lHkh ;g rks ekurs o tkurs gh gSa fd osn lalkj esa lcls izkphu xzUFk gSA
ge ;g Hkh fl) djus dh {kerk j[krs gSa fd osn bZ’ojh; Kku gS rFkk osn
ea=:ih /ofu rjaxksa ls gh l`f”V dh mRifÙk gqbZ gS vFkkZr~ ftu /ofu rjaxksa
ls czãk.M dh mRifÙk gqbZ] os /ofu;ka osn ea= gh Fks ,oa orZeku esa os gh
rjaxsa loZ= fo|eku gSaA ;g esjh Vaidic Rashmi theory of Univerce
gS] tks bl czãk.M dks orZeku HkkSfrdh dh vis{kk cgqr vkxs rd le>k
ldrh gSA bl F;ksjh ds izdkf’kr gksus ls iwoZ eSa bl ij dqN fy[k ugha
ldrkA eSaus _Xosn ds ea=ksa }kjk Hkh euq”; dh mRifÙk dh ppkZ bl ys[k esa
dh gSA osn rFkk _f”k;ksa ds er esa euq”; dh izFke ih<+h lokZf/kd cqf)erh]

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‘kkjhfjd o ekufld cy rFkk lRoxq.k lEiUu FkhA mlds i’pkr~ muesa
U;wurk gh vk;h] u fd fodkl gqvkA ge lalkj Hkj ds lHkh ekuo mUgha
egku~ iwoZtksa ds oa’kt gSaA osn ge lcdk gS] _f”k ge lcds iwoZt gSaA osn
o _f”k;ksa ds xzUFkksa ij ekuoek= gh ugha] vfirq czãk.M ds lHkh cqf)eku~
izkf.k;ksa dk lk>k vf/kdkj gSA vk;sa] ge lHkh bl lk>h fojklr dks
viuk;sa] v/;;u o vuqla/kku djsa vkSj xoZ ls Lo;a dks i`fFkoh ds lcls
cqf)eku~ euq”;ksa dk oa’kt dgsaA eSaus dsoy tSo fodklokn ij gh ppkZ dh
gS] Kku o Hkk”kk ds dfFkr Øfed fodkl dh lekykspuk i`Fkd~ ys[k ok
iqLrd esa dh tk ldrh gSA tSo fodklokn ij Hkh laf{kIr ppkZ dh gS
vU;Fkk ;g ys[k ,d iqfLrdk dk :i ys ysrkA foK ikBd Kku o Hkk”kk ds
fodkl ds lkFk&2 lEiw.kZ czãk.M esa vn~Hkqr foKku dks le>us gsrq
^^osnfoKku vkyksd%** uked esjs fo’kky xzUFk] tks dqy 2800 i`”Bksa dk pkj
Hkkx esa Ni jgk gS] dh izrh{kk djsaA gka] pyrs&2 ,d ckr ;g Hkh fy[kuk
mfpr le>rk gw¡ fd ;fn dksbZ izc) q ;g dgs fd tc lw{e jf’e;ka fodkl
;k=k djrs gq, ukuk d.k] QksVksu ,oa ukuk yksdksa dks mRiUu dj ldrh gSa
vFkok muds :i esa izdV gks ldrh gSa] rc vehck ls euq”; ‘kjhj rd
ds fodkl dks D;ksa feF;k crk;k tkrk gS\ bl fo”k; esa gekjk fuosnu gS
fd tM+ txr~ ds fuekZ.k ok fodkl esa jf’e;ka d.k ok QksVksu izk;% vius
Lo:i dks Hkh cuk;s j[krs gSa] ijUrq dksbZ fodkloknh ;g ugha ekusxk fd
fofHkUu izkf.k;ksa ds ‘kjhjksa esa vehck vius Lo:i esa vofLFkr jgrk gSA bl
dkj.k ;g rqyuk djuk mfpr ugha gSA
esjs fe=ks! tjk fopkjsa fd tks O;fDr ok lekt Lo;a dks i’kqvksa dk
oa’kt dgs] mlesa vkRe&LokfHkeku dgk¡ jgsxk\ bl fo”k; esa y[kuÅ
fo’ofo|ky; esa fn, ,d O;k[;ku esa uklk ds oSKkfud vkSj Hkkjrh;
iz/kkuea=h ds iwoZ oSKkfud lykgdkj izks- vks-ih- ik.Ms; us MkfoZu ds
fodklokn dks [kkfjt djrs gq, mfpr gh dgk gS fd ^ns’k Hkj ds cPpksa
dks xyr fl)kUr i<+k;k tk jgk gS] ftlls mu ij cqjk izHkko iM+ jgk
gSA* ¼uoHkkjr VkbEl &2 Qjojh 2018½ vkb;s] bl nhu&ghurk ds xrZ ls
fudkydj eSa vkidks loksZPp f’k[kj ij ys tkuk pkgrk gw¡A vk;sa] ge lc
,d bZ’oj ds iq=&iq=h gSa ,oa ;g i`fFkoh gh gekjh vkfn tUenk=h eka gS]
bl dkj.k ;g lEiw.kZ fo’o ,d gh ifjokj gSA bl ifjokj dks lq[k] ‘kfDr
o vkuUn dh vksj ys tkus dk ge lc ekuoksa dk nkf;Ro gSA gesa foKku
dks [kqys o mnkj efLr"d ls gh i<+us dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A gesa iwokZxzgksa
ls cpdj lR;&vlR; dk foosd djus gsrq lrr iz;Ru djrs jguk pkfg,A

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