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    Formula Sheet

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    Dimension Less
    The document discusses various units used to measure mass, volume, pressure, temperature, and flow rates in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides conversion factors between different temperature scales. It also summarizes key equations for work, heat, energy, flow rate, density, vapor pressure head, and centrifugal pump basics.

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    Formula Sheet

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    Dimension Less
    73 views5 pages
    The document discusses various units used to measure mass, volume, pressure, temperature, and flow rates in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides conversion factors between different temperature scales. It also summarizes key equations for work, heat, energy, flow rate, density, vapor pressure head, and centrifugal pump basics.

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    Fluid Dynamics formula sheet

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    The document discusses various units used to measure mass, volume, pressure, temperature, and flow rates in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides conversion factors between different temperature scales. It also summarizes key equations for work, heat, energy, flow rate, density, vapor pressure head, and centrifugal pump basics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    73 views5 pages

    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Dimension Less
    The document discusses various units used to measure mass, volume, pressure, temperature, and flow rates in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides conversion factors between different temperature scales. It also summarizes key equations for work, heat, energy, flow rate, density, vapor pressure head, and centrifugal pump basics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Mass Flow Units

    Kg/h
    g/s FLUID MECHANICS
    tonnes/hr
    lb/hr More than 14” ⟹ O.D
    lb/s Less than 14” ⟹ I.D

    ID + 2t = OD
    Volume Flow Units
    m3/hr Specific Gravity = Density of Unknown
    m3/s Density of Water
    l/hr
    ml/s

    Ideal Gas Law - Applies to pressure less than 5 atm UNITS OF GAS FLOW
    PV = nRT
    R = 8.3142 J mol-1K-1 Pressure Units
    Pa, kPa, MPa
    mRT Kelvin (K)
    lb/in2
    PV =
    Mr Bar, mbar
    N/m2
    ρRT Atm.
    P= where ρ is mass density in gm-3
    Mr mm.Hg
    mm.H2O
    RT m3 Torr
    P= ̂
    where V is specific volume:
    ̂ Mr
    V g
    Temperature Conversions
    1
    ρ= ̂ = RT
    PV °C °F
    ̂
    V
    °C x
    9
    + 32
    Specific Molar 5
    Universal Gas Law: Volume (m3/mol)
    P1V1 P2V2 °C + 273 = Kelvin
    = ̂ = v/n
    V °F +460 = Rankine
    T1 T2
    t = do – di Darcy’s Equation
    2 hL = k ∙ v2
    2g

    Flow area = 𝜋di2 hL = f ∙ L ∙ v2 -Valid for turbulent flow


    4 D 2g

    Reynold’s Number: NR = 𝜌VD


    𝜇

    If NR < 2000, laminar flow; Reynold’s number has no effect


    If NR > 4000, turbulent flow, f = f

    Friction factor, f = 64
    NR
    Critical zone = 2000 – 4000

    *When finding density, divide s.g by density of water.

    NPSHA = hsp ± hs – hp – hvp


    hsp – static pressure
    *Convert gage to absolute, then divide by γ to get head

    Above pump = +ve


    Below pump = –ve hs – elevation difference

    Vapor Pressure Head – Divide Pressure by γ

    Before Pump Starts, No velocity/static fluid – ho = P2 – P1 + z2 – z1


    γ

    stp = 0℃, 1 atm, 22.4 dm3 *If gage isn’t indicated, pressure is abs.
    rtp = 25℃, 1 atm, 24 dm3

    THERMODYNAMICS
    PE = mgz F =PxA
    pe = gz →W = (P x A) L
    z – height ̂ =A x L
    Specific Volume, V

    k.e = ½ mc2
    k.e = c2
    2
    c – velocity

    ̂ = Specific displacement energy


    Work done = PV

    Q = (U2 – U1)+W V̇ =Ac (m3/s)

    Q̇ = Qṁ ṁ = V̇𝜌 =A x c = V̇ (kg/s)


    ̂
    V ̂
    V
    P or Ẇ = wṁ

    H = u + PV

    Heat flow into a system → +ve → Work flow out of a system


    Heat flow out of a system → -ve → Work flow into a system

    First Law:
    Q = ∆u + w → Non-flow energy Eqn.
    *For Isothermal processes, ∆u = 0, ∴ Q = W

    Steady Flow Equation (Mass in = Mass out)

    c12 + u1 + P1V1 + Q1 = c22 + u2 + P2V2 + W


    2 2
    h = u+Pv
    CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BASICS

    Discharge
    Nozzle
    Volute
    Casing
    Bearings
    Impeller

    Suction Seal
    Nozzle Shaft
    Oil Rings

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