Airil Ahmad

Friday, January 25, 2013
AIRIL AHMAD
Expand a single pair of brackets

Example 1: Expand w (x + y)
w ( x + y )
= w x x + w x y
= wx + wy
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2: Expand 3 (a - c)
3 ( a - c )
= 3 x a - 3 x c
= 3a - 3c
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Example 3: Expand 7g (m + 2n)
7g ( m + 2n )
= 7g x m + 7g x 2n
= 7gm + 14gn
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Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s – 8t)
4e ( r + 2s - 8t )
= 4e x r + 4e x 2s - 4e x 8t
= 4er + 8es - 32et
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS
HJ. AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Expand double pairs of brackets

Example 1: Expand (w + v)(x + y)
( w + v ) ( x + y )
= wxx + w x y +vxx + vxy

= wx + wy + vx + vy
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(c + d)
( 2e + f ) ( c + d )
= 2e x c + 2e x d +fxc + fxd
= 2ce + 2de + cf + df
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 3: Expand (2m + n)(p - s)
( 2m + n ) ( p - s )
= 2m x p + 2m x (-s) + n x p + n x (-s)
= 2mp - 2ms + np - ns
AIRIL AHMAD
HJ. AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1: Expand (r + 4)(r + 3)
( r + 4 ) ( r + 3 )
= rxr + r x 3 +4xr + 4x3

= r2 + 3r + 4r + 12
= r2 + 7r + 12
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(e + 2f)
( 2e + f ) ( e + 2f )
= 2e x e + 2e x 2f +fxe + f x 2f
= 2e2 + 4ef + ef + 2f2
= 2e2 + 5ef + 2f2
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 3: Expand (w + 4)(w - 3)
( w + 4 ) ( w - 3 )
= wxw + w x (-3) + 4 x w + 4 x (-3)

= w2 - 3w + 4w - 12
= w2 + w - 12
AIRIL AHMAD

In general , (a+b)2= a2 + 2ab + b2 or
(a-b)2= a2 - 2ab + b2
HJ. AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Expand same pairs of brackets

Example 1: Expand (r + 4)2
( r + 4 ) ( r + 4 )
= rxr + r x 4 +4xr + 4x4

= r2 + 4r + 4r + 16
= r2 + 8r + 16 AIRIL AHMAD

Example 2: Expand (2e + f)2
( 2e + f ) ( 2e + f )
= 2e x 2e + 2e x f + f x 2e + f x f
= 4e2 + 2ef + 2ef + f2
= 4e2 + 4ef + f2 AIRIL AHMAD

Example 3: Expand (w - 4)2
( w - 4 ) ( w - 4 )
= w x w+ w x (-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)

= w2 - 4w - 4w + 16
= w2 -8w + 16 AIRIL AHMAD
State the factors of an algebraic term

Example 1: 2m
1, 2, m, 2m
Example 2: 4g
1, 2, 4, g, 2g, 4g
AIRIL AHMAD
State the factors of an algebraic term

Example 3: 12y
1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12, y, 2y, 3y, 4y, 6y, 12y
Example 4: 15k
1, 3, 5, 15, k, 3k, 5k, 15k
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Write all the factors of the
following algebraic terms.
1. 5j 3. 5 n2
2. 14 p 4. abc
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CONCEPT OF
FACTORISATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 1 : Example 2 :
6h & 4gh 2pq & 4q
2 6h , 4gh 2 2pq , 4q
h 3h , 2gh q pq , 2q
3 , 2g p , 2
HCF = 2 x h HCF = 2 x q
= 2h = 2q
AIRIL AHMAD
Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 3 : Example 4 :
14v2 & 8v 5cd2 & 10cd
2 14v2 , 8v 5 5cd2 , 10cd
v 7v2 , 4v cd cd2 , 2cd
7v , 4 d , 2
HCF = 2 x v HCF = 5 x cd
= 2v = 5cd
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
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AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise the following algebraic term

Example 1: 2pq + 4qr
2 2pq + 4qr
q pq + 2qr
p +
(p 2r
2r)
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 2: mn – mn2
m mn - mn2
n n - n 2
(1
1 - n
n)
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 3: 3ab + 6bc - 9b2
3 3ab + 6bc - 9b 2
b ab + 2bc - 3b 2
( a + 2c - 3b3b)
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 9: ag + 3a + 2g + 6
(ag
a(g + 3)
3a
a )+ (2g
2(g + 6
3)
2 )
(a (g + 3) + 2 (g
) + 3)
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 10: mn + 4n + 2m + 8
((m
mn
n++ n) +( 2
4)4n 2m 4))
(m +28
(n (m + 4) + 2 (m
) + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. ac + ad + bc + bd
2. ax + ay + bx + by
3. gh + 2h + 3g + 6
4. a2 + ab + 2a + 2b
5. de + d2 + ef + df
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 11: a 2 – b2
((a
aa2 –+- bb2 ))
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 12: m 2 – n2
((m
m2 –+- nnn2 ) )
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2- b2
Example 13: 16m2 – 25n2
16m2 – 25n2
((4m
44m
2 2 + 5n
2 )
m – -55n
n2 )
AIRIL AHMAD
EXERCISE
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 1: y2 + 8y + 16
4
1st Step:
16 = 1 x 16 (y 4)
+
+4y
16 = 2 x 8
16 = 4 x 4
2nd Step:
+
+4y
8= 4+ 4 (y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2: 2
7
y2 + 9y + 14
1st Step:
14 = 1 x 14 (y 2)
+
+2y
14 = 2 x 7
2nd Step:
+
+7y
9= 2+ 7
(y + 7)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise:
• Page 135
• Ex.6.2C
•1 - 8
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise completely (Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2)

1. m2 + 12m + 36 2. a2 + 4a +4
3. j2 + 4j +3 4. k2 + 7k +12
5. b2 + 8b +15 6. f2 + 6f +8
7. g2 + 9g +14 8. s2 + 10s +16
9. h2 + 5h +6 10. r2 + 7r +10
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 3: y2 - 6y + -824
1st Step:
8= 1x8 (y -2)
-2y
8= 2x4
2nd Step: -4y

-6 = -2 - 4
(y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 4: y2 - 10y + - 3
7
21
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21 (y -3)
-3y
21 = 3 x 7
2nd Step: -7y

-10 = -3 - 7
(y - 7)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
1. y2 – 3y + 2 6. y2 – 8y + 15
2. y2 – 5y + 6 7. y2 – 9y + 18
3. y2 – 7y + 12 8. y2 – 8y + 12
4. y2 – 7y + 10 9. y2 – 12y + 35
5. y2 – 9y + 14 10. y2 – 14y + 45
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise:
• Page 134
• Ex.6.2B
• 1 - 15
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Factorise a2 + 2ab - b2
Example 5: y2 + 5y - 36
+9
-4
1st Step:
36 = 1 x 36
(y +9)
36 = 2 x 18 +9y
36 = 3 x 12
36 = 4x 9
36 = 6x 6
-4y
2 Step:
nd
5= 9- 4 (y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 6: y2 + 4y - 21
+7
-3
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21
(y +7)
21 = 3 x 7 +7y
2nd Step:
4= 7- 3
-3y
(y - 3)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
1. y2 + y – 6 6. y2 + 4y – 12
2. y2 + 2y – 15 7. y2 + y – 42
3. y2 + 6y – 27 8. y2 + 4y – 21
4. y2 + 3y – 10 9. y2 + 7y – 30
5. y2 + 3y – 18 10. y2 + 10y – 24
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 7: y2 - 3y - 10
+2
-5
1st Step:
10 = 1 x 10 (y -5)
10 = 2 x 5 -5y
2nd Step:
-3 = - 5 + 2 +2y
(y +2)
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 8: y2 - 3y - 28
+4
-7
1st Step:
28 = 1 x 28 (y -7)
28 = 2 x 14 -7y
28 = 4 x 7
2nd Step:
-3 = - 7 + 4 +4y
(y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
1. y2 – 2y – 8 6. y2 – 5y – 36
2. y2 – 3y – 18 7. y2 – y – 12
3. y2 – 5y – 14 8. y2 – 2y – 24
4. y2 – 7y – 30 9. y2 – 6y – 7
5. y2 – y – 20 10. y2 – y – 6
AIRIL AHMAD
FACTORISE AND SIMPLIFY

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following expressions:
Example 1:
4
8 xy 4y
= = 4y
1
2 x 1
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2:
5 a 2
20a b 5a
4ab
=
1
= 5a
1
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page 138
Ex. 6.2F
No. 1 abcd
AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following algebraic

fractions to the lowest terms Working Space
Example 3:
1 2 6g + 4
6g + 4 2(3g + 2)
= 3g + 2
4 42
3g + 2 2 ( 3g + 2 )
=
2
AIRIL AHMAD
Working Space
Example 4:
2 2a - 8b
2a − 8b 2(a − 4b)
= a - 4b
2c 2c
2 ( a – 4b )
a − 4b
=
c AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page 138
Ex.6.2F
No. 2 only
AIRIL AHMAD
ADDITION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Simplify the following:
Example 1:
3x 2 x 3x + 2 x 5x
+ = =
7 7 7 7
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2: g + 3 2g + 4
+
3 3
g + 3 + 2g + 4
=
3
3g + 7
=
3
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
AIRIL AHMAD
SUBTRACTION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Example 1:
9p 2p 9p −2p 7p
− = =
10 10 10 10
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Example 2: 9 f +8 2 f +5
−
hk hk
9 f + 8 − 2f - 5
=
hk
7f +3
=
hk AIRIL AHMAD
8k + 7 7k − 2
Example 3: −
2abc 2abc
8k + 7 − 7k + 2
=
2abc
k+9
=
2abc AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page 139
Ex. 6.3A
No. 1,2,3,5,10,11,12,
13,14,15
AIRIL AHMAD
ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS WITH
ONE DENOMINATOR AS A
MULTIPLE OF THE OTHER
DENOMINATOR
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AIRIL AHMAD
Example 1: 3 xx2 2 x
+
2 x2 4
6 x 2x
= +
4 4
8x
= = 2x
4 AIRIL AHMAD
4h x 3 2h
Example 2: +
5 x 3 15
12 h 2h
= +
15 15
12h + 2h 14h
= =
15 15
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5hx 2 2 h
Example 3: −
6 x 2 12
10 h 2h
= −
12 12
10h − 2h 8h 2h
= = =
12 12 3
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
AIRIL AHMAD
ADD AND SUBTRACT

ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
WITHOUT ANY COMMON
FACTORS
AIRIL AHMAD
AIRIL AHMAD

Example 1:
3 px 5 2 rx 2 15 p − 4r
− =
2x5 5x 2 10
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8x n f +5 x m
Example 2: −
mx n nx m
8n − fm – 5m
=
mn
8n − fm − 5m
=
mn
AIRIL AHMAD
2 −xx y 3 xx x
Example 3: +
xxy yx x
2y - xy + 3x2
=
xy
2 y − xy + 3x 2
=
xy
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page
142&143
ALL
Ex.6.3C
AIRIL AHMAD
MULTIPLICATION
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Example 1:
3 2 3× 2 6
× = =
5 7 5 × 7 35
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 2:
m p m × p mp
× = =
n q n × q nq
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5p
Example 3:
1
r
×5p = r × 5 p 5 pr
2 =
2 2
AIRIL AHMAD
( x + y) 4g
Example 4: ×
h (e − f )
( x + y) × 4 g
=
h × (e − f )
4 g ( x + y)
=
h (e − f )
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 1 to 12
AIRIL AHMAD
DIVISION OF TWO
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
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AIRIL AHMAD
Example 1:
×
3 2 3
÷ =
5 7 5
7 3 × 7 21
= =
2 5 × 2 10
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5p
Example 2: 1
r
2
×
÷5p =
r
2
1
5p
r ×1 r
= =
2×5 p 10 p
AIRIL AHMAD
Example 3:
÷ = ×
2c 5 2c
3d 4e 3d
4e
5
2c × 4e 8ce
= =
3d × 5 15d
AIRIL AHMAD
Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 13 to 29
AIRIL AHMAD

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Friday, January 25, 2013

Expand a single pair of brackets

Example 3: Expand 7g (m + 2n)

Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s – 8t)

= 4er + 8es - 32et

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Expand double pairs of brackets

= wxx + w x y +vxx + vxy

Expand double pairs of brackets

Expand double pairs of brackets

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Expand double pairs of brackets

= rxr + r x 3 +4xr + 4x3

Expand double pairs of brackets

Expand double pairs of brackets

= wxw + w x (-3) + 4 x w + 4 x (-3)

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

Expand same pairs of brackets

= rxr + r x 4 +4xr + 4x4

Expand same pairs of brackets

Expand same pairs of brackets

= w x w+ w x (-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)

State the factors of an algebraic term

State the factors of an algebraic term

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Factorise the following algebraic term

Factorise the following algebraic term

Factorise the following algebraic term

Factorise completely (Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2)

2nd Step: -4y

2nd Step: -7y

FACTORISE AND SIMPLIFY

Simplify the following expressions:

Simplify the following algebraic

Simplify the following:

Simplify the following:

ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO

Simplify the following:

ADD AND SUBTRACT

Simplify the following:

Simplify the following:

Simplify the following:

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