Lab 1 Dipole Simulation Using HFSS

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EE124
Antenna & Microwave Engineering
Lab 1
Dipole Antenna Simulation Using HFSS
Full name: …………………………………………

Student’s ID: ………………………………….
Class: ……………………………………………....
Date: ……………………………………………….
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I. Introduction to HFSS Simulation Software

HFSS is a high-performance full-wave electromagnetic (EM) field simulator for arbitrary 3D
volumetric passive device modeling that takes advantage of the familiar Microsoft Windows
graphical user interface. It integrates simulation, visualization, solid modeling, and automation in an
easy-to-learn environment where solutions to your 3D EM problems are quickly and accurately
obtained. Ansoft HFSS employs the Finite Element Method (FEM), adaptive meshing, and brilliant
graphics to give you unparalleled performance and insight to all of your 3D EM problems. Ansoft
HFSS can be used to calculate parameters such as S Parameters, Resonant Frequency, and Fields.
Typical uses include:
 Package Modeling:
BGA, QFP, Flip-Chip.
 PCB Board Modeling
Power/Ground planes, Mesh Grid Grounds, Backplanes.
 Silicon/GaAs
Spiral Inductors, Transformers.
 EMC/EMI
Shield Enclosures, Coupling, Near- or Far-Field Radiation
 Antennas/Mobile Communications
Patches, Dipoles, Horns, Conformal Cell Phone Antennas,
Quadrafilar Helix, Specific Absorption Rate(SAR), Infinite Arrays,
Radar Cross Section(RCS), Frequency Selective Surfaces(FSS).
 Connectors
Coax, SFP/XFP, Backplane, Transitions.
 Waveguide
Filters, Resonators, Transitions, Couplers.
 Filters
Cavity Filters, Microstrip, Dielectric.
II. The dipole antenna

The dipole antenna is a simple type of antenna consisting of two rods or wires aligned as shown in
Figure as below. The length of this antenna is L. The dipole is connected at the centre to the
transmitter through a transmission line.
Radiation patterns
A radiation pattern is a three-dimensional, graphical representation of the far-field radiation
properties of an antenna as a function of space coordinates. The far-field region is a region far
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enough for the radiation pattern to be independent of the distance from the antenna. The radiation
pattern of a particular antenna can be measured by experiment or can be calculated, if the current
distribution is known.
III. Analyze a dipole antenna using HFSS software
In this Lab, a dipole antenna will be constructed and analyzed using the HFSS simulation software
by Ansoft. The example will illustrate both the simplicity and power of HFSS through construction
and simulation of this antenna structure. The following notes will provide a brief summary of goals.
✔ General navigation of software menus, toolbars, and quick keys.
✔ Variable assignment.
✔ Overview of commands used to create structures.
✔ Proper design and implementation of boundaries.
✔ Analysis Setup.
1- Using the following equation, calculate the length of a /2 dipole at 1 GHz.
c

f
Choose the appropriate pair of wires to set up the /2 dipole. Adjust the dipole length in accordance
with your result. Note that the antenna length must be shortened. In the present case, a length of
0.45, rather then 0.50, is a good approximation.
Measure the real dimension of λ/2 dipole antenna.
l =…………
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2. Starting HFSS
Double click on the HFSS icon on the Windows Desktop.
3. Creating the Project
From the Project Manager window. Right-Click the project file and select Save As from the sub menu.
Name the file “dipole” and Click Save.
4. Working with geometries

To begin working with geometries, you must insert an HFSS design. Find the Project item in the
Menu file and select Insert HFSS Design from the menu.
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The units are chosen as mm by choosing the heading 3D modeler and Units from the menu.
5. Drawing the Dipole

We will start to by creating the dipole element using the Draw Cylinder button from the toolbar.
Give the name dip1 and it is oriented along the z axis,
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The next step is to build the symmetric of dip2
The dipole structure is illustrated below:
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6. Assign the material

Right -Click the dip1 and dip2 and select Assign Materia and Assign the material PEC and click
OK. PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) will create ideal conditions for dip1 and dip2.
7. Creating the port

In the section you will create a Lumped Gap Source. This will provide an excitation to the dipole
structure. Begin by selecting the YZ plane from the toolbar. Using the 3D toolbar, click Draw
Rectangle and place two arbitrary points within the model area.
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Please note that the rectanglar to assign the Port was chosen relatively small in comparison to the
dipole structure. This was done to minimize effects due to the source and place emphasis upon the
structure. The source is depicted below.
A lumped port will be used for the dipole model. In the project explorer, right-click Excitation ->
Assign -> Lumped Port.
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Name the port source and leave the default values for impedance.
Click Next and enter the following:
Using the mouse, position the cursor to the bottom-center of the port. Ansoft's snap feature should
place the pointer when the user approaches the center of any object. Left-click to define the origin of
the E-field vector. Move the cursor to the top-center of the port. Left-click to terminate the E-field
vector. Click finish to complete the port excitation.
Note: In case you find some difficulties for drawing the lumped port, you can redraw the rectangular
plane, affect the lumped port, then resize the rectangular plane.
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8. Radiation Boundary
In this section, a radiation boundary is created so that far field information may be extracted from the
structure. To obtain the best result, a cylindrical air boundary is defined with a distance of λ/4. From
the toolbar, select Draw Cylinder.
With all faces selected, right-click the Boundary icon in the object explorer and select Boundary ->
Assign -> Radiation.
Use default name Rad1 and click OK.
9. Solution Setup
In this section a solution must be defined to display the desired data. We are primarily interested in
the frequency response of the structure. We will also explore HFSS's ability to calculate general
antenna parameters such as directivity, radiation resistance, radiation efficiency, etc... .
From the project explorer, select Analysis -> Add Solution Setup.
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Perform the following:
To view the frequency response of the structure, a frequency sweep must be defined. From the
project explorer select Setup1 -> Add Frequency Sweep.
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Be careful: You should select the Fast in the Sweep Type option as follow.
10. Structure Analysis

At this point, the user should be ready to analyze the structure. Before running the analysis, always
verify the project by selecting from the 3D toolbar. If everything is correct the user should see:
Analyze the structure by clicking
11. Create Reports

After completion of the analysis, we will create a report to display both the resonant frequency and also
the radiation pattern. Click on the heading HFSS and select Results -> Create Model Solution Data
Report -> Rectangular Plot.
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Select the following highlighted parameters and click New Plot.
12. Plot the Radiation Pattern

In order to plot the Radiation Pattern, the user must define an infinite sphere for far field calculations. Right-
click the Radiation icon in the project manager window and select Insert Far Field Setup -> Infinite
Sphere.
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Select New Report and click Done when complete.
Questions:
1. Plot the Return Loss of the Dipole antenna
2. Determine the value and the reflection coefficient at the minimum return loss.
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3. If the input power is 1 W, how is the radiated power.
4. Determine the bandwidth of antenna. For which frequencies this dipole antenna can be used.
5. What is the polarization of the dipole antenna?.
6. Plot the E-plane and H-plane.
7. Determine the gain of antenna.
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8. Determine the beamwidth -3dB of the antenna.
9. What is the level of Side lobes compared to the level of the main lobe.
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INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Dipole Antenna Simulation Using HFSS

Full name: …………………………………………

I. Introduction to HFSS Simulation Software

II. The dipole antenna

III. Analyze a dipole antenna using HFSS software

Measure the real dimension of λ/2 dipole antenna.

4. Working with geometries

5. Drawing the Dipole

The next step is to build the symmetric of dip2

The dipole structure is illustrated below:

6. Assign the material

7. Creating the port

Click Next and enter the following:

Use default name Rad1 and click OK.

Perform the following:

10. Structure Analysis

Analyze the structure by clicking

11. Create Reports

Select the following highlighted parameters and click New Plot.

12. Plot the Radiation Pattern

Select New Report and click Done when complete.

1. Plot the Return Loss of the Dipole antenna

3. If the input power is 1 W, how is the radiated power.

5. What is the polarization of the dipole antenna?.

6. Plot the E-plane and H-plane.

7. Determine the gain of antenna.

8. Determine the beamwidth -3dB of the antenna.

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