40S Be 0889

“Design and Fabrication of Coin Operated Portable
Water Vending Machine”

An undergraduate project report submitted to Visvesvaraya Technological University in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted By
D V RAAGU USN: 4AD13ME021

GAYAZ MOHAMED USN: 4AD13ME026
MD MOHIYUDDIN SHARIFF USN: 4AD13ME044
MOHAMMED YASEEN AHMED USN: 4AD13ME054
Under the Guidance of

Mr. RAKSHITH N Mr. CHANDAN GN
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Electronics and
A T M E College of Engineering Communications Engineering
Mysuru A T M E College of Engineering
Mysuru
Department of Mechanical Engineering
A T M E COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MYSURU-570028
2016-2017
ATME College of Engineering
Mysuru-570028
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Certificate
This is to certify that project work entitled “Design and Fabrication of Coin
Operated Portable Water Vending Machine” is a bonafide work carried out by
D V RAAGU, bearing USN 4AD13ME021, GAYAZ MOHAMED, bearing USN
4AD13ME026, MD MOHIYUDDIN SHARIFF, bearing USN 4AD13ME044 and
MOHAMMED YASEEN AHMED, bearing USN 4AD13ME054 in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2016-2017. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.
Project Guide Head of the Department Project Guide
Mr. Rakshith N Dr. Rathnakar G Mr. Chandan GN

Asst. Prof. Professor, H O D Asst. Prof.
Dept. of Mechanical Dept. of Mechanical Dept. of E&C
Engineering Engineering Engineering
ATMECE, Mysuru. ATMECE, Mysuru. ATMECE, Mysuru.
Dr. L Basavaraj
Principal
ATMECE, Mysuru.
External Viva
Name of Examiners Signature with date
1………………….
2.………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and bliss accompanying the successful completion of my project

would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible.
I heart fully thank our Project Guide Mr. RAKSHITH N Department of

Mechanical Engineering ATMECE, Mysuru and Mr. CHANDAN GN Department of
Electronics and Communication, ATMECE, Mysuru for his profound guidance. He always
lifted my sagging spirit when I faced problems and helped me reach the shore of success.
I thankful to Dr. Rathnakar G, Associate Professor, HOD, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for his continuous support.
My gratitude also goes to Project Coordinators Mr. Suresh Kumar,Mr.

Manjunath H S and Mr. Rakshith N, Assistant Professors, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for their sincere advice and encouragement.
I also take this opportunity to thank our Principal Dr. L Basavaraj, for his support
in all the academic matters.
I also owe my gratitude to all the others teaching and non-teaching staff members
for their rendering co-operation.
Finally, I thank my parents, my family members, all my friends who inspired,

motivated and supported me throughout the course of work, every hand that rendered help
directly or indirectly, and every heart that blessed me, for which I sincerely thank them.
D V RAAGU
GAYAZ MOHAMED
MD MOHIYUDDIN SHARIFF
MOHAMMED YASEEN AHMED
ii
ABSTRACT
Water has become the most commercial products of the century. The stress on the
multiple water resources is a result of many factors. On the one hand, the rapidly rising
population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh water. If opportunity costs
were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural areas, households are paying far
more for water supply than the often - normal rates charged in urban areas. Also, if this cost of
fetching water which is almost equivalent. Now a day’s vending machines are available and
operated on only one coin but our aim is to design water vending machine which is operated
on different coins. In India, there is problem of safe drinking water therefore we are going to
provide mineral water. Water has become the most commercial products of the century. To
avoid these problems, this project titled “Portable Water Vending Machine” is proposed to
deliver the purified water to the public by using the sensors and microcontrollers based on the
Mechatronics principles. It will be more cheap and economic for the bulk production.
ii
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Foreword
1.2 Vending Machines in India
1.3 Tap Water V/S Bottled Water V/S Canned Water
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PUBLIC SURVEY 4
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Public Survey
CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND 10

METHODOLOGY
3.1 Problem Statement
3.2 Project Objectives
3.3 Methodology
CHAPTER 4: TYPES OF VENDING MACHINE 12
4.1 Coffee Vending Machine
4.2 Milk Vending Machine
4.3 Automatic Snack Vending Machine
4.4 Coin Operated Water Vending Machine
4.5 Soda Vending Machine
CHAPTER – 5: DESIGN AND MODELLING 17
5.1 2d Draft
5.2 3d Model
5.3 Rendering
CHAPTER - 6: FABRICATION 22
6.1 Electronics Components
6.1.1 Coin Acceptor – DG600F
6.1.2 Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232
6.1.3 Microcontroller
6.1.4 Direct Operated Water Solenoid Valve
6.1.5 L293D
6.1.6 L293D Dual H-Bridge Dc Motor Driver Module For 8051
6.1.7 12V 1.2AH Rechargeable Battery
6.2 Programming Tools
6.2.1 KeilMDK
6.2.2 Nuvoton Isp Programmer
6.3 Materials Used
6.4 Interfacing
6.4.1 Interfacing DG600F To Microcontroller
6.4.2 Interfacing Water Solenoid Valve to Microcontroller
6.5 Programming
CHAPTER - 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 39
7.1 Advantages
7.2 Applications
7.3 Economic Calculations
7.4 Space Occupied/ Size Comparison
7.5 Cost Estimation
CONCLUSION 41
SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK 42
REFERANCES 43
PHOTO GALLERY 44
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 4.1 – Coffee vending machine 12
Fig 4.2 – Milk vending machine 13
Fig 4.3 – Snack vending machine 14
Fig 4.4 – Coin operated water vending machine 15
Fig 4.5 – Soda vending machine 16
Fig 5.1 Front view and Isometric view 17
Fig 5.2 – Right view and Left view 18

19
Fig 5.3 – 3D Model (Side view, Top view and Front view)
20
Fig 5.4 – Rendering (Plain)
21
Fig 5.5 – Rendering (With suitable background)
22
Fig: 6.1 – DG600F (Coin acceptor)
23
Fig 6.2 - Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232
25
Fig 6.3 – Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller
26
Fig 6.4 – Pin diagram of Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller
27
Fig 6.5 – Block diagram of Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller
29
Fig 6.6 - Direct Operated Water Solenoid Valve
30
Fig 6.7 - L293D microcontroller
31
Fig 6.8 - L293D Logic diagram
31
Fig 6.9 - L293D Dual H-Bridge DC Motor Driver Module for 8051
32
Fig 6.10 - 12V DC Battery and Charger
33
Fig 6.11 - Software – Keil (logo)
34
Fig 6.12 - Nuvoton ISP Programmer
35
Fig 6.13 - Interfacing diagram – DG600F and Microcontroller
35
Fig 6.14 – Solenoid
36
Fig 6.15 - Logic Diagram of Solenoid Valve
36
Fig 6.16 - Interfacing Diagram – Solenoid valve and Microcontroller
40
Fig 7.1 – Size comparison done on Catia V5 rendering
LIST OF TABLES
Table 6.1 – Time trial for dispensing water 37

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COIN OPERATED PORTABLE WATER VENDING MACHINE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Foreword
Water has become the most commercial products of the century. The stress on the
multiple water resources is a result of a multitude of factors. On the one hand, the rapidly
rising population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh water. If
opportunity costs were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural areas,
households are paying far more for water supply than the often-normal rates charged in
urban areas. Also, if this cost of fetching water which is almost equivalent. To 150 million
women days each year, is covered into a loss for the national exchequer, it translates into a
whopping 10 billion rupees per year. In summer, we face the problem of drinking water.
So is the panic over drinking water supply in the city as well as in villages. The reservoir
has just 35.63 feet of water, which is not even half of the total water level.
With the improvement in the technology there are many advanced devices and
machines that are useful to the mankind. One of them is coin operated telephone. As we
know the function of it and how it works. With the same technology used we are going to
design a project which is based on liquid (water). Coin Operated Water Dispensing System
as the name indicates it is based on COIN operation. It has been specially designed for use
on Railway station, Bus deposes, public places etc. This system is based on microcontroller.
The inputs to the microcontroller are coin and output in the form of water. Looking at the
specifications required for Water Dispensing System and for simplicity of our application,
microcontroller was found to be best suited.
Now-a-days, automated vending machines are most in use as they make various
activities not only easier but also more efficient. The machine has numerous input and
outputs to provide service to the customer. This machine is similar to vending machine. It
is coin operated machine. It accepts only coins as input like Rs.1 in any sequence and
delivers drinking water. The main motto of this system is to avoid the environmental
pollution and also to avoid the wastage of water with the help of water control valve. We
know that the available water resources have initiated towards the end. This problem is
quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated
water management. Since last few decades, several monitoring systems integrated with
water level detection have been accepted; therefore, water controlling system
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 1

implementations have potential significance in the society. Vending machine is going to be

developed in such a way that water will get served to the customers. As it is coin operated
machine, the required quantity of water and respective amount of money is decided that are
affordable for common people
1.2 Vending Machines in India
Vending machines are not very common in India and are usually found only in major cities
or along some national highways. Seaga India, a 100% subsidiary of the Seaga Group of
USA, is the pioneer for bringing the concept of vending machines to India. Seaga India's
machines are being used by the Delhi Metro, the state government, IT parks, factories,
BPO, etc...
Vending machines are used to sell snacks, beverages, condoms, public transit
tickets, jewellery, and change for currency notes.
Several reasons have been attributed to the lack of success of vending machines in
India. The availability of cheap labour makes operating stores or kiosks economical;
customers lack of technical knowledge and feel uneasy using vending machines; a lack of
machines that accept a wide variety of payment methods; vandalism, rough use, and poor
maintenance of the machines. However, vending machines are relatively new in India and
analysts believe that usage will rise.
1.3 Tap Water v/s Bottled Water v/s Canned Water
Bottled water may have reduced amounts of copper, lead, and other metal
contaminants since it does not run through the plumbing pipes where tap water is exposed
to metal corrosion, however, this varies by the household and plumbing system.
In much of the developed world, chlorine often is added as a disinfectant to tap

water. If the water contains organic matter, this may produce other by-products in the water
such as trihalomethanes and halo acetic acids, which has shown to increase the risk of
cancer. The level of residual chlorine found at around 0.0002 g per litre, which is too small
to cause any health problems directly. The chlorine concentration recommended by World
Health Organization is between 0.0005 and 0.0002 g/L.
The Natural Resources Defence Council, Sierra Club, and World Wildlife
Fund have urged their supporters to consume less bottled water. Anti-bottled-water-

campaigns and organizations, such as Corporate Accountability International, typically

argue that bottled water is no better than tap water, and emphasize the detrimental
environmental side-effects of disposable plastic bottles.
The recent documentary Tapped argues against the bottled water industry, asserting
that tap water is healthier, more environmentally sustainable, and more ecologically sound
than bottled water. The film focuses on the bottled water industry in the United States. The
film has received largely positive reviews, and has spawned college campus groups such
as Beyond the Bottle. Yet, as many people remain generally unaware of the negative health
and environmental impacts associated with bottled water, recent research in environmental
psychology has started to investigate how to reduce the public's consumption of bottled
water.
Canned water is drinking water packaged in tin cans or beverage cans, a less
common alternative to bottled water. Canned water is used primarily where storage or
distribution systems are set up for cans, or when canning systems are used to make
emergency water supplies.
Water was stored in steel cans, lined with plastic bags, under the United States Civil
Defence program. Approximately twelve million 17.5-US-gallon (66 L) cans were
deployed, and could hold water for more than ten years.
Later, some manufacturers started to use Nitrogen flush to remove air and bacteria
from their cans to prolong shelf life to 30 years or longer, making the water suitable for
long term storage.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PUBLIC

SURVEY
2.1 Literature Review
In the nineteenth century, the first vending machine to be successfully

commercialized by Thomas Adams was used for the sale of their chewing gum in
underground stations of New York. Only in 1902 the first company of vending machines
emerged, Horn & Hardart Baking Company in Philadelphia. In turn, the Committee
Definitions of the American Marketing Association define vending machines as “retail
sales of products or services by operating machines that are used by end consumers”
(STEIN, 1964).
Market developed via automatic vending machines has grown quickly since it is
convenient, faster and cheaper (KIM, YOO, 2012). According to history, the coffee
vending machines emerged in the 50s since profits decreased and managers needed to
reduce costs. They concluded that could save money by using coffee automatic machines
(STEIN 1964). The vending machine also had an important role in the new economy of
America, being a generator of Employment (WEEK, 1999; Apud LEE, 2003). Yet there is
some vulnerability in this kind of business. When the economy is in recession, sales of this
business also decreased (LEE, 2003). For example, the consumption of products from
vending machines decreased by 5% in 2001 due to the economic downturn (National
Automatic Merchandising Association, 2002; Apud LEE, 2003). Nowadays, vending
services include a large number of products such as
coffee, drinks, snacks, books, toys and other products located in stations, schools,
universities, companies and hospitals (KIM, YOO 2012). However, STEIN (1964) pointed
out a limitation, clearly stating that is not possible to serve a “full meal” in a vending
machine.
Regarding the evolution of the vending machine itself, in the ‘30s, there was the
coin changers’ development. Also in the ‘30s, small refrigerator was placed inside the
vending machine, which allowed the sale of chilled drinks and ice cream at competitive
prices compared to sales in stores. In turn, in the 50s, the automatic coffee machines
expanded to several small businesses. Its clean look and beautiful design would be
appropriate in cafeterias or classrooms. In the ‘60s, two manufacturers have introduced
machines with the hypothesis of automatic note changers (STEIN, 1964). In 1961, a million

and a half of the U.S. population bought at least one product in the vending machines every
day (STEWART, 1961; Apud STEIN, 1964).
Vending machines were developed further, which led to a focus on installation,
training and / or existence of effective instruction, maintenance and repair, being essential
to achieve customer needs and satisfaction in different markets. In turn, the development
of new machinery found a wide range of design requirements in project stage (GOFFIN,
2000). In an advanced perspective, operations strategy is a set of decisions on the strategic
management of competence, skills, processes, technologies, resources and materials/stocks
management in a supply chain in order to create and deliver products and services
according to customers’ requests (BROWN et al., 2005).
Services firms acquired vending machine to self-service businesses (GOFFIN,
2000; KIM, YOO, 2012). However, these machines are a complex mix of mechanical and
electronic technologies, security and display. Due to the wear and tear of a number of
components, maintenance and repair are required. In these terminals, communication
channels (links, machine to machine) may exist via modem to a central computer showing
performance data, sales activities and stock levels in the chain of vending machines. With
the updating of these channels of communication in services, companies of vending
machines had good management practices reflected in a maintenance management and in
an efficient and effective supply planning in record time (GOFFIN, 2000). If there is a
problem, the customer may contact the vending company and a compensation will be given.
In order to achieve a better services quality, vending machine services companies normally
have a department that is responsible for repairing any identified damage. All repairs are
carried out in the place where the machine is located. Technicians make regular visits to
carry out periodic inspections and preventive maintenance during times that do not have to
make repairs (KIM, YOO, 2012). According to the authors, KIM and YOO (2012),
vending machines can be distinguished by two types of failure mechanisms. The
mechanism I group which includes transaction currency, delivery mechanism(s) of
product(s) -, and the mechanism II group - which includes the electronic part. According
to statistics, most faults relate to this group. The group of mechanisms II are related with
the engine cooler in the case of ice creams or beverages refrigerator vending machines.
This mechanism includes the compressor, control of ice and refrigerant charge. For this
group, the repair mechanisms are necessarily more expensive because of technical
resources as well as heavier equipment needed. According to different breakdowns of the
two groups of mechanisms I and II, it is important to distinguish two types of technicians
for the manpower planning and repair process to be effective. After contact with the
technicians, they move to repair the mechanisms of group I. If the detected failure is part
of the mechanisms of group II, they contact colleagues to conduct the visit and repair.
However, the group I did not leave without first carrying out inspections of the mechanisms
of this group. The optimal preventive maintenance interval was determined to minimize
the total average cost for the maintenance compound, additional expects and capacity loss
(HSU, TAPIERO, 1987; Apud KIM, YOO, 2012). It is true that if they for preventive
maintenance, the probability of failure decreases and vending machines in the near future
may witness a reduction of costs and an increased level of customer satisfaction (KIM,
YOO, 2012).
From a design perspective, the following question could be asked: what is the
influence of the design in the vending machines? The design influences both the necessity
of handling and the way of distribution (GARVIN, 1988; Apud GOFFIN, 2000). The
decisions obtained in the phase of design / development machine, affect equipment
reliability and consequently the requirements for maintenance of that machine (LELE,
1986; Apud GOFFIN, 2000). Some companies develop products / machines with a good
assistance level. They reach this level because they get an excellent grasp and
understanding of customer needs and to support the equipment evaluation. This will be
carried out during the project development stage (GOFFIN, 2000).
GOFFIN (2000), a Senior Operations Manager, argues that machine assistance is
the key role of marketing either in technology practiced either in development of
engineering machinery. Technical assistance was a significant change in many industries
over the last ten years. GOFFIN (2000) considers not only the types of maintenance and
repair but also includes other elements like support via phone or online and contact
customers A research study focuses on a mathematical model of integration and planning
of the technical department of the vending machines. Closely, related to preventive
maintenance and failures. Planning determines levels of technical work (full-time and
temporary), preventive maintenance and repairs to minimize the total cost (KIM, YOO,
2012). However, surprisingly, in practice, many companies maintain these services to a
minimum number of human resources (technical) dedicated to fault repair and preventive
maintenance. This strategy can even keep labor costs lower, but in terms of total costs, in
the long run these are not minimal (KIM, YOO, 2012). The market success of vending
machines depends on the customers’ knowledge of their needs before offering products in
the machines. It can even exist a disagreement according to the quality of the products but
they should be part of the list of consumer preferences (STEIN, 1964). The stronger the
exposure
of products and / or vending machines, the larger image and recognition it will be. This is
an open path to marketing communications. This strategy is valid in the many countries
because of reputable brands of products to dispose of this type of vending service (LEE,
2003). As people are adapted to use different types of vending machines, these will expand
and represent increasingly different types of services. Interestingly, STEIN (1964, p.51)
stresses that: “to be successful the desire should override the machine and not vice versa!”
In the current services economy, the use of information technologies increases
significantly (WEBSTER, 1992; SHETH, 1994; SHETH, PARVATIYAR, 1995a;
GRONROOS, 2000; GUMMESON, 2002; Apud HUNT, ARNETT, 2006), and therefore
it is each time more important to understand customers’ opinions and feedback (SHETH,
PARVATIYAR, 1995b).
Vending machine market in India is still at a nascent stage and is expected to witness
dynamic growth in the near future. The market will be boosted by the increasing
consumerism coupled with changing lifestyle, resulting in increased demand for vending
machines. A market analysis studies the attractiveness and the dynamics of a special market
within a special industry. It is part of the industry analysis and thus in turn of the global
environmental analysis. Through all of these analyses the opportunities, strengths,
weaknesses and threats of a company can be identified. Finally, with the help of a SWOT
analysis, adequate business strategies of a company will be defined. The goal of a market
analysis is to determine the attractiveness of a market, both now and in the future.
Organizations evaluate the future attractiveness of a market by gaining an understanding
of evolving opportunities and threats as they relate to that organization's own strengths and
weaknesses. In most of the developed countries the vending machines are situated at public
places. These machines dispense the snacks, cold drinks, coffee, tea, etc. to the people.
Also in developing countries the vending machines are used to provide these things. (Hong
Gu, and Shuang Qiao Jiang Tian, 2006; Bhuvaneswari et al., 2013 and Ana Monga
Balwidar Singh, 2012) The invention of coin operated vending machine is done in London.
Initially it was used to dispense the post cards. As time passes the vending machines
become much popular because of its numerous advantages. Coin operated vending
machines are most popular in all the vending machines. The costumer is able to get required
quantity of product by inserting coins in vending machine through coin discriminator. The
basic idea of proposed system is originated from these existing systems. Majorly we are
developing a system in water tank is set to provide water to customer. Now a day’s water
vending machines are available and operated on only one coin but our aim is to design
water vending machine which is portable within limited amount. In India, there is problem
of safe drinking water therefore we are going to provide hygienic mineral water. Water has
become the most commercial products of the century. This may sound bizarre, but true.
The stress on the multiple water resources is a result of a multitude of factors. On the one
hand, the rapidly rising population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh
water. If opportunity costs were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural
areas, households are paying far more for water supply than the often - normal rates charged
in urban areas. Also, if this cost of fetching water which is almost equivalent. To 150
million women days each year, is covered into a loss for the national exchequer, it translates
into a whopping 10 billion rupees per year. In summer, we face the problem of drinking
water. So is the panic over drinking water supply in the city as well as in villages. The
reservoir has very low level of water, which is not even half of the total water level.
2.2 Public Survey
We had a survey with our project team in some parts of Karnataka, yes government
of Karnataka and some commercial companies have installed these water vending
machines in public places like railway stations, bus stands etc. but we have discovered a
lot of disadvantages and un similarities in these water vending machines they are as follows,
1. Huge machines.
2. Investment is very high (around 3-5 lakhs rupees).
3. Cannot be transported easily.
4. Maintenance is very high.
After observing some of these problems we have decided to overcome these problems
with some of small solution that we could do.
SURVEY DATA:
The Primary sources include Survey questionnaires were distributed among the
participants, 75 were Filled and returned, and 50 fully filled questionnaires were taken for
the final analysis. Thus, the Effective response rate of paper based survey is 67%. The
secondary sources include journals, magazine, newspaper, and internet websites. The

secondary Data are being utilized for review of literature on history of Market Analysis,
growth and development of Vending machine for theoretical survey.
A survey was undertaken using paper based techniques through questionnaire and
personal interview. After collection of data of 80 respondents in different places of Mysore
city were considered for final analysis. The respondents comprised of 62 males (77.5%)
and 18 females (22.5%). Out of total sample size 36.3% are belongs from age group of 15-
25 years. As well 51.3% are belongs from age group of 25-40 years. It shows that now a
day ‘s youngsters are consuming more purified mineral water than Municipal water. Only
10% respondents are belonging from the age group of 40-55 years prefer municipal water.
Out of total respondents 46.3% are service holder and 25.0% are business bodies.25%
respondents are students and 2.5% respondents are housewives. Out of that only 1.3 %
respondents are engaged in other profession. From the above data, we found that more
service holders are consume mineral water more than the others. Our survey shows that all
respondents consume mineral water except 10% respondent in. 13 respondents are
consuming mineral water less than 2 times per day which is 16.3% out of whole. Only
36(45.0%) respondents consume mineral water 2-3 times in a day. 24 respondents are
consuming mineral water 3-4 times in a day which is quite less as compare to 2-3 times
consumed respondents. Only 7 respondents are consuming more than 5 times as per our
survey which is only 8.8% out of whole.

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND

METHODOLOGY
3.1 Problem Statement
On the basis of our survey it is found that the present coin operated water vending
machines are huge and occupy more space and cannot be utilized in all the required places.
Hence, we choose our project and its title as ‘Design and Fabrication of Coin Operated
Portable Water Vending Machine’.
3.2 Project Objectives
1. To provide purified drinking water.

2. To provide portable water at economical cost.
3. To develop modelling and simulation.
4. To design and fabricate a portable machine using simple techniques.
5. To adopt simple design mechanism that can be easily maintained.
6. To make use of existing pre-purified water bottles (20lts can) as refills for
vending machine.
7. To encourage local Entrepreneurs.
8. To extend drinking water facility for common public.

3.3 Methodology
Need for the machine
Define the problem
Do background research
Brainstorm, Evaluate and Choose solution
Specify requirements
Drawing and Design
Resources and Staffing(labor) Budget Purchase and Acquisitions
Fabricate the product Based on

Results and Data
make Design
Testing Changes
Prototype, Test
again, and
Scope Document
Review new
data.
Documenting the Lessons Learnt
REPORT PRODUCT

CHAPTER 4: TYPES OF VENDING MACHINE
4.1 Coffee Vending Machine
Fig 4.1 – Coffee vending machine

Product Description:
It’s a unique entity in the industry, actively committed towards offering an optimum
quality range of Automatic Coffee Vending Machine. In accordance with the set industry
standards, this machine is manufactured by skilled professionals using high grade
components and latest technology. Owing to its smooth operation and long service life, the
offered machine is highly demanded among clients. Moreover, to ensure optimum
performance, this machine is stringently tested by quality experts on various quality
parameters. This machine gives coffee when inserted coin.
Cost of this vending machine: ₹100k

4.2 Milk Vending Machine
Fig 4.2 – Milk vending machine
Automatic Milk Vending Machine, which is developed by accomplished
professionals who employ the industry-accepted material and superior techniques.
These products are existing in the market in numerous specifications that meet on
clientele demand. In addition, quality checkers also examine these products in order to
offer fault-free series to the clientele. Features: Easy installation Hassle free operation
Temperature Resistance Descriptions: SS 304 Construction Refrigerated tank for
maintaining the temperature at 4 C. Single delivery with SS float balance tank 20 liters.
Float balance tank fitted with 3 port valve and 500 ml beaker used as an extension to
main tank. Electronic push button /remote control operated panel with separate buttons
for dispensing 250 ml, 500 ml and 1000 ml Optional buttons are available on request
for bulk sale of 2000 ml and 4000 ml. Multiple Vending Options Operation: Manual &
with Remote Battery Backup 2X16 Character crystal display with light Wheels/fix type
arrangement

4.3 Automatic Snack Vending Machine
Fig 4.3 – Snack vending machine
To meet variegated demands of clients, they are engaged in manufacturing,
exporting and supplying an exclusive range of Automatic Snack Vending Machine.
Specifications: Dimensions H XW X D mm): 1845 X 810 X 905 Axial levering Port at
optimum setting) Weight: 275 Kgs. Electrical: 230 V. 50 Hz. 0.12 Amps. Selections: 26 as
standard, 42 maximum Factory Configuration: 9 Snacks. 10 small sized Snacks. 7 Candy.
200- 400 ferns Styling: Clam Front Application: Suitable for Potato Chips, Cheese Puffs
and Crackers. Cookies, Cupcakes and Biscuits Features: Electronic Controller with Digi
M1 Display 24VDC Motorized Vending Mechanism Supports 2 Add-on Machines
Adjustable Tray Partition and Height Product Vend Sensor Fast and Easy Product Loading
Price: ₹2.75 lakhs

4.4 Coin Operated Water Vending Machine
Fig 4.4 – Coin operated water vending machine
Product description:
Item: Water ATM/Purified Water Vending Machine Water Source: Municipal Tap
Water/Raw Water Power Supply: AC220V 50Hz / AC110V 60Hz. Production
Capacity(GPD): 400,600,800,1300,1600 and 3000 Water Tank Capacity: 200L UV
Power: 20w Ozone Capacity: 1000mg Filling Flow Rate: 8L/min Selling
Method(Refundable): IC Card+ Coins + Paper note Size of Filling Bottle:
200ml,500ml,1L,2L,20Ltr(at a time in one tap) Filtration Step: 9 Steps Size:
L80cmxW68cmxH200cm Packing: Carton for FCL or Poly Wood case for LCL LCD
Panel: 19inch for advertisement Technology: Pre Filtration (German Technology) +
Reverse Osmosis(RO)+Ultra Violet(UV) Technology +Ozonating
Price= ₹5lakh

4.5 Soda Vending Machine
Fig 4.5 – Soda vending machine

Soda vending Machine with high efficiency. Under the stern supervision of nimble
professionals, the offered machine is developed using quality checked components and
innovative technology. The provided machine is broadly used for making several types of
beverages and cold drinks in bars, restaurants, clubs and many other places. Moreover, the
offered soda machine is obtainable for our patrons at pocket friendly rates.
Features:
• Superior quality
• Fine finishing
• Reliable
Approximate Price: ₹1.6 Lakh / unit

CHAPTER – 5: DESIGN AND MODELLING
5.1 2D Draft
Fig 5.1 Front view and Isometric view

Fig 5.2 – Right view and Left view

5.2 3D Model
Fig 5.3 – 3D Model (Side view, Top view and Front view)

5.3 Rendering
Fig 5.4 – Rendering (Plain)

Fig 5.5 – Rendering (With suitable background)

CHAPTER - 6: FABRICATION
6.1 Electronics Components
6.1.1 Coin Acceptor – DG600F
Fig: 6.1 – DG600F (Coin acceptor)

DG600F Series of coin acceptor is a electronic coin acceptor with high reliability,
Which is
widely used in amusement facilities, vending machines and so on.
a. Main Features ：
• Enable to recognize 6 groups of coins in different denomination. (can
exceed to 8 groups if need)1
• Enable to forbid accepting all coins
• Industrial standard connector ---10Pin Parallel port
• Special connector ---5Pin Serial port
• Enable to release coins in jam
• Enable to self-diagnose
b. Specification ：
• Coin Size
Diameter： 17 – 30.5mm
Thickness： 1.25 – 3.2mm
• Working Environment ：
Working Temperature： 0°C to 50°C
Storage Temperature： -30°C to55°C
Ambient Humidity： Up to 95% RH non-condensing
Working Voltage： Normal 12VDC
Min 10VDC
Max 15VDC
Working Current： Standby 50mA
Max 450mA （ At the instant of collecting coin）
Communication Interface：Standard parallel port -- 10Pin
Special serial port -- 5Pin
Installation Position： On any plane, the angle can't be more than 2
degrees between coin acceptor and vertical

6.1.2 Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232
Fig 6.2 - Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232
A general purpose 40 pin 8051 development board with on board power supply
circuit, RS232 port for serial interface with computer and other serial devices, reset switch,
power status LED and a general-purpose switch and LED. The board is compatible with
the AT89S51/52 and the P89V51RD2 microcontrollers. The P89V51RD2 allows serial
programming and can be programmed directly with this board through a serial connection
to a PC without the need for an additional external programmer.
FEATURES
• Onboard MAX232 interface circuit for easy communication with a computer and other
serial devices
• DC plug-in jack for power input
• Onboard bridge rectifier enables the board to accept both AC and DC input voltages
• Onboard 5V regulator(LM7805) with filtering capacitors and heatsink
• Power Status LED(Green) and a general-purpose user LED(Red)
• Onboard quartz crystal 11.0592 MHz oscillator circuit
• Port extensions for all ports
• External pull-up resistors for Port 0
• Vin, 5V and Gnd bus provided

6.1.3 Microcontroller
Fig 6.3 – Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller

The W78E052D series is an 8-bit microcontroller which can accommodate a wider
frequency range with low power consumption. The instruction set for the W78E054D/
W78E052D/ W78E051D series is fully compatible with the standard 8052. The
W78E052D series contains 16K/8K/4K bytes Flash EPROM programmable by hardware
writer; a 256 bytes RAM; four 8-bit bi-directional (P0, P1, P2, P3) and bit-addressable I/O
ports; an additional 4-bit I/O port P4; three 16-bit timer/counters; a hardware watchdog
timer and a serial port. These peripherals are supported by 8 sources 4-level interrupt
capability. To facilitate programming and verification, the Flash EPROM inside the
W78E052D series allows the program memory to be programmed and read electronically.
Once the code is confirmed, the user can protect the code for security. The W78E052D
series microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode,
both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but
allows for continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal
oscillator for minimum power consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time
and in any state without affecting the processor. The W78E052D series contains InSystem
Programmable (ISP) 2KB LDROM for loader program, operating voltage from 3.3V to
5.5V.

PIN CONFIGURATIONS
Fig 6.4 – Pin diagram of Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller

Fig 6.5 – Block diagram of Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller
FEATURES
• Fully static design 8-bit CMOS microcontroller
• Optional 12T or 6T mode „ 12T Mode, 12 clocks per machine cycle operation (default),
Speed up to 40 MHz/5V „ 6T Mode, 6 clocks per machine cycle operation set by the writer,
Speed up to 20 MHz/5V
• Wide supply voltage of 2.4V to 5.5V
• Temperature grade is (-40o C~85o C)

• Pin and Instruction-sets compatible with MCS-51
• 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM
• 16K/8K/4K bytes electrically erasable/programmable Flash EPROM
• 2K bytes LDROM support ISP function (Reference Application Note)
• 64KB program memory address space
• 64KB data memory address space
• Four 8-bit bi-directional ports
• 8-sources, 4-level interrupt capability
• One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port, additional INT2 /INT3 (available on PQFP,
PLCC and LQFP package)
• Three 16-bit timer/counters
• One full duplex serial port
• Watchdog Timer
• EMI reduction mode
• Software Reset
• Built-in power management with idle mode and power down mode
• Code protection
• Packages: DIP40, PLCC44, PQFP44, LQFP48

6.1.4 Direct Operated Water Solenoid Valve
Fig 6.6 - Direct Operated Water Solenoid Valve
RO Water Filter System Shut off Solenoid Valve 24V, 1/4" valve Normally Close orifice
opens when electrically energized. It is 24v DC and is designed to work within 0 – 120 PSI.
The switch is "Normally closed”. (Automatic flush and shut-off, auto power cut-off when
filling, extends pump duration) when you connect it with high pressure switch. It shuts off
the water supply when the tank is full. Normally controlled in the RO system by the booster
pump High pressure switch.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
• Media: Water, Air, Vacuum
• Temperature:0÷100ºC
• Function type: Normally Closed(N/C)
• Mode of action: Direct acting type
• Body material: PP + Fiberglass
• Sealing material: EPDM
• Protection class: IP54

6.1.5 L293D

The L293 and L293D devices are quadruple high- current half-H drivers. The L293
is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1 A at voltages from 4.5 V to 36
V. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at
voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. Both devices are designed to drive inductive loads such as
relays, solenoids, DC and bipolar stepping motors, as well as other high-current/high-
voltage loads in positive supply applications.
Each output is a complete totem-pole drive circuit, with a Darlington transistor sink
and a pseudo Darlington source. Drivers are enabled in pairs, with drivers 1 and 2 enabled
by 1,2EN and drivers 3 and 4 enabled by 3,4EN.
The L293 and L293D are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C.
FEATURES
• Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V

• Separate Input-Logic Supply
• Internal ESD Protection
• High-Noise-Immunity Inputs
• Output Current 1 A Per Channel (600 mA for L293D)
• Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)
• Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D)

Fig 6.8 - L293D Logic diagram
6.1.6 L293D Dual H-Bridge DC Motor Driver Module for 8051
Fig 6.9 - L293D Dual H-Bridge DC Motor Driver Module for 8051
Most Popular L293D Dual H-Bridge motor driver IC. , Wide Supply-Voltage
Range: 4.5 V to 36 V , Separate Input-Logic Supply Internal ESD Protection Thermal
Shutdown High-Noise-Immunity Inputs Functionally Similar to SGS L293 and SGS
L293D Output Current 600 mA Per Channel Peak Output Current 1.2 A Per Channel
Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D) All inputs are TTL
compatible Each output is a complete totem-pole drive circuit, with a Darlington transistor
sink and a pseudo-Darlington source

6.1.7 12V 1.2AH Rechargeable Battery
Fig 6.10 - 12V DC Battery and Charger
• Battery Type - 12 volt 12 amps 20 hour sealed lead acid battery with f2 style terminals
• Rugged Construction - The high impact resistant battery case is made up of a non-
conductive abs plastic. This material has a strong resistance to shock, vibration,
chemicals and heat.
• AGM Tech - The acid inside is absorbed between the plates and thereby immobilized
by a very fine fiberglass mat. This along with the valve regulated, spill-proof design of
our batteries allows trouble-free, safe operation in any orientation.
• User Friendly - Easy, one-time installation of our maintenance free and valve regulated
batteries will get your system or application running in no time at all

6.2 Programming Tools

6.2.1 KeilMDK
Fig 6.11 - Software – Keil (logo)
Keil® MDK is the most comprehensive software development solution for ARM®-
based microcontrollers and includes all components that you need to create, build, and
debug embedded applications.
Software Packs add device support and software components that you can use as
building blocks for your application.
FEATURES
• Out-of-the box support for over 1000 ARM® processor based microcontrollers
• Software Packs with ready-to-use CMSIS and middleware components
• Numerous example projects and templates
• Powerful µVision™ IDE, debugger and simulation environment
• On-the-fly application analysis records full instruction trace with the ULINKpro™
Debug Adapter
• Complete Code Coverage information about your program’s execution.
• Execution Profiler and Performance Analyzer for analysing and optimizing your
code.
• CMSIS RTOS RTX real-time operating system with full debugger support.
• Complete and comprehensive middleware including TCP/ IP Networking, File
Systems and USB.

• Industry-leading ARM C/C++ Compiler with advanced processor-specific

optimizations and MicroLib.
• Editor with Code Completion and Dynamic Syntax Checking
6.2.2 Nuvoton ISP Programmer
Fig 6.12 - Nuvoton ISP Programmer

Nuvoton’s Nu-Link Debug Adapter is an USB debugger and programmer based on
the SWD (Serial Wire Debug) signal interface and can be applied to the development of
NuvotonNuMicro™ Family chips. As shown in Table 2-1, there are three types of the Nu-
Link Debug Adapter in accordance with different specifications, including Nu-Link-Pro,
Nu-Link, and Nu-Link-Me. The three types are called “Nu-Link Adapter” in general if no
specific conditions are mentioned. The Nu-Link Adapter supports ICP (In-Circuit
Programming) based on the SWD (Serial Wire Debug) signal interface. The user can
employ the NuMicro™ ICP Programming Tool to update chip firmware for mass
production. The Nu-Link Adapter also supports the third-party development tools, such as
Keil RVMDK, IAR EWARM, and CooCoxCoIDE.
6.3 Materials Used
The materials used in the construction of the product are Stainless Steel Sheet Metal
and Cast Iron. For the container that holds the dispenser and electronic circuit the sheet
metal is cut and welded at the edges. The coin acceptor is bolted to the front side of the
container. At its back, a door is hinged for accessing the dispenser.
Cast Iron is used to make the stand as shown in the CADD model.

6.4 Interfacing
6.4.1 Interfacing DG600F to Microcontroller
Fig 6.13 - Interfacing diagram – DG600F and Microcontroller
6.4.2 Interfacing Water Solenoid Valve to Microcontroller
Fig 6.14 – Solenoid

A solenoid consists of a steel plunger inside an electric coil which is wrapped around a
tube. When the coil is energised a magnetic field is created, and this draws the plunger into
the tube. When the coil is de-energised a spring pushes the plunger back out of the tube.
To control a solenoid the standard MOSFET circuit is used.
Fig 6.15 - Logic Diagram of Solenoid Valve

The solenoid valve can be used to control fluid flow through a system. Isonic valves
are ideal for battery operated products as operate at a low voltage and draw much less
current than traditional solenoid valves. The standard transistor switching circuit can be
used to drive the isonic valve.
Fig 6.16 - Interfacing Diagram – Solenoid valve and Microcontroller
To switch the solenoid on - high 1
To switch the solenoid off - low 1

6.5 Programming
The microcontroller is programmed by the Keil version 4 and the language used is
‘C’. The coin acceptor when on is always at high and when a valid coin is inserted it turn
low for 25ms. So, when coin acceptor turns low the microcontroller detects the signal and
commands for passing current to solenoid valve. The microcontroller is kept busy by giving
it a counting delay program. Later after certain time the microcontroller output signal to
stop passing current to the Solenoid valve.
The solenoid valve has to be programmed to be open for certain time. For 200ml to
pass through 0.5mm orifice of the valve is measured in the following 20 trials: -
Table 6.1 – Time trial for dispensing water
Trial Time taken for dispensing 200ml of water
1 42.55
2 46.36
3 48.22
4 48.95
5 48.86
6 48.11
7 48.80
8 46.27
9 46.40
10 47.21
11 51.32
12 49.30
13 49.66
14 48.34
15 48.10
16 47.83
17 47.85

18 48.83
19 47.52
20 45.84
The average time taken for 200ml flow of water through the orifice is 47.8sec.

CHAPTER - 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
7.1 Advantages
1. The overall cost of the machine is very low in comparison with other machines in
the market.
2. The product occupies very less space i.e. 40 x 40 cm on the floor.
3. The machine is portable as it is small in size and will work on battery power.
4. Availability of drinking water increases when installed around the places.
5. The design and development of the product is taught through so much that the
maintenance is highly reduced.
6. The machine uses RO safe components. Hence it is safe for drinking water
purposes.
7. The machine consumes less power.
7.2 Applications
1. The Vending Machine can be used for other fluids i.e. beverages and juices.
2. Can be used in small shops as an additional income to the shopkeeper.
7.3 Economic Calculations
20lts Water can costs Rs.30
For ₹30 it contains 20,000ml Water
So, for ₹1 it is 666.7ml Water
If our Rate is 300ml per ₹1
Owner gets > ₹36 per bottle
i.e. 54% profit.

7.4 Space Occupied/ Size Comparison
Fig 7.1 – Size comparison done on Catia V5 rendering
7.5 Cost Estimation
Sl. No. Particulars Cost (₹)

1 Coin Acceptor 3200
2 Microcontrollers 400
3 Development Board and Module 500
4 Battery and Charger 800
5 Solenoid Valve 450
6 Electronic accessories 800
7 Sheet Metal 1000
8 Cast iron 750
9 Dispenser, Bottle, Pipe and Adapter 350
10 Miscellaneous 1000
11 Labour 2000
Total 11250

CONCLUSION
As per the public requirement a Coin operated portable water vending machine is
designed and fabricated and tested in real time conditions.
41
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
1. Multiple coin detection can be enabled and utilized. Since the coin acceptor
(DG600F) is a 6-type coin detection system, multiple coin mode can be easily
achieved.
2. Increase in diameter of the Water Solenoid Valve and pipes would increase the flow
rate. Hence, taking lesser time to fill in the tumbler.
3. The whole product can be redesigned for it to be aesthetically pleasing and for its
better usability.
4. Since a RS232 development board is used in the project, the PCB can be made
compact by customizing it with only the required components.
5. Can be used for other beverages and drinks also.
6. RFID tag identification and reading can be developed to accept the Money cards.
42
REFERANCES
1. Real Time Embedded Based Drinking Water Vending Machine 1, Sasikala, G., 2
Kuldipsing Rajput, 3 Sarfaraj Hussain and 4 Aastha Shrivastava
Asian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 12, Pp.804-809, December,
2014.
2. Designing And Implementation Of Water Vending Machine (Indrajeet

Deshmukh,Shubham Angre,Digvijay Kakde,Roshanrahane) Guided By - Prof.
Dabhade Sir. Vol-2 Issue-3 2016 Ijariie-Issn(O)-2395-4396
43
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“Design and Fabrication of Coin Operated Portable

Water Vending Machine”

D V RAAGU USN: 4AD13ME021

Under the Guidance of

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Project Guide Head of the Department Project Guide

Mr. Rakshith N Dr. Rathnakar G Mr. Chandan GN

The satisfaction and bliss accompanying the successful completion of my project

I heart fully thank our Project Guide Mr. RAKSHITH N Department of

I thankful to Dr. Rathnakar G, Associate Professor, HOD, Department of

My gratitude also goes to Project Coordinators Mr. Suresh Kumar,Mr.

Finally, I thank my parents, my family members, all my friends who inspired,

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PUBLIC SURVEY 4

2.1 Literature Review

2.2 Public Survey

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND 10

3.1 Problem Statement

3.2 Project Objectives

CHAPTER 4: TYPES OF VENDING MACHINE 12

4.1 Coffee Vending Machine

4.2 Milk Vending Machine

4.3 Automatic Snack Vending Machine

4.4 Coin Operated Water Vending Machine

4.5 Soda Vending Machine

CHAPTER – 5: DESIGN AND MODELLING 17

6.1 Electronics Components

6.1.1 Coin Acceptor – DG600F

6.1.2 Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232

6.1.4 Direct Operated Water Solenoid Valve

6.1.6 L293D Dual H-Bridge Dc Motor Driver Module For 8051

6.1.7 12V 1.2AH Rechargeable Battery

6.2 Programming Tools

6.2.2 Nuvoton Isp Programmer

6.3 Materials Used

6.4.1 Interfacing DG600F To Microcontroller

6.4.2 Interfacing Water Solenoid Valve to Microcontroller

CHAPTER - 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 39

7.3 Economic Calculations

7.4 Space Occupied/ Size Comparison

7.5 Cost Estimation

SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK 42

Fig 5.2 – Right view and Left view 18

Table 6.1 – Time trial for dispensing water 37

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 1

implementations have potential significance in the society. Vending machine is going to be

1.2 Vending Machines in India

1.3 Tap Water v/s Bottled Water v/s Canned Water

In much of the developed world, chlorine often is added as a disinfectant to tap

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 2

campaigns and organizations, such as Corporate Accountability International, typically

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PUBLIC

2.1 Literature Review

In the nineteenth century, the first vending machine to be successfully

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 4

2.2 Public Survey

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 8

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ATMECE, MYSURU Page 9

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND