MatHandling and Storing

Occupational Safety & Health Seminar
MATERIAL HANDLING
AND STORAGE
Engr. Nomer Reynaldo
DOLE-Accredited OSH Consultant
Atlantic Safety Consultancy, Inc.
1
INTRODUCTION
1. The efficient handling and storing of materials is vital

to industry.
2. These operations provide continuous flow of raw
materials through the workplace.
3. It ensures that materials are available when needed.
4. One of the most lucrative areas for cost reduction is
the field of materials handling.
5. It is a generally accepted principle that the movement
and control of materials “is costly and adds no value”
to the product 2
INTRODUCTION
6. Materials handling, whether

done manually or with
mechanical equipment, can be a
major source of occupational
injuries
3
WhatOccupational
is OccupationalSafety & Health Seminar
Health?
4
INTRODUCTION
7. Consider the following:
a. Eliminate manual handling whenever possible and
employ mechanical means.
b. Correlate handling with operations, inspections,
storage and other handling that comes before and
afterward.
c. Handling routine must be made as nearly automatic
as possible to minimize costs.
d. All handling systems should be integrated.
e. Handling equipment should be replaced wherever
greater efficiency can be so obtained. 5
MANUAL HANDLING
1. Manual handling of materials

accounts for an estimated 25
percent of all occupational
injuries.
2. A good practice standards sets
out general principles and
practical methods of dealing
with potential manual handling
problems in the workplace.
6
MANUAL HANDLING
3. These problems may come from any of the ffg.

a. The weight and
bulkiness of objects
being lifted are major
contributing factors to
workers injuries.
b. They can also be injured
by falling objects,
improperly stacked
materials, or by various
types of equipment. 7
MANUAL HANDLING
4. Common injuries workers suffer include:

a. Strains and sprains from lifting
loads improperly or carrying too
large or too heavy loads;
b. Fractures and bruises caused by
being struck by materials or by being
caught in pinch points; and
c. Cuts and bruises caused by falling materials that
had been improperly stored or by incorrectly
cutting ties or other securing devices.
8
MANUAL HANDLING
5. Training in safe work habits can help minimize these

accidents:
a. Inspect materials for slivers, jagged edges,
burrs, rough or slippery surfaces.
b. Get a firm grip on the object.
c. Keep fingers away from pinch points,
especially when setting down materials.
d. When handling long materials like pipes,
lumber, etc., keep hands away from the
ends to prevent being pinched.
9
MANUAL HANDLING
e. Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery and dirty

objects before trying to handle them.
f. Keep hands free of oil and grease.
10
MANUAL HANDLING
6. Examine work places to detect any unsafe or

unhealthy conditions, practices, or equipment
and take the necessary steps to correct them.
11
THE 3-STAGE APPROACH
Stage 1.
Risk Identification
(Spotting the Problem)
Where are manual handling injuries happening in the

workplace?
a. Look at injury records.

b. Talk to employees and their health and safety
representatives.
c. Watch their work in progress.
12
Stage 2. Risk Assessment (Understanding the Problem)
What is causing these manual handling injuries?
a. Actions and movements used;

b. Layout of the workplace;
c. Position of the body while working;
d. How often, and for how long, manual handling is done;
e. Where the load is positioned and how far it has to be
moved;
13
f. Weights and forces involved;
g. Characteristics of the loads and
equipment;
h. Organization of the work;
i. Work environment;
j. Skills, experience and age of
the workers;
k. Type of clothing worn; and
l. Special needs of workers.
14
Stage 3.
Risk Control(Dealing with the Problem)
What changes can be made to prevent these manual

handling injuries?
a. Redesign the job;

b. Provide mechanical handling equipment;
c. Provide training in manual handling skills.
15
Evaluation of the Controls
1. Are the changes made working successfully?
a. Have the changes been correctly implemented?
b. Are the changes causing further problems?
c. Do they help reduce injuries?
16
SAFE LIFTING AND CARRYING
1. Manual handling of goods and materials is

the operation that is most nearly under
the sole control of the worker.
2. Lifting produces a variety of forces within
the body which contribute to the
pressure on the spine, termed
“LOADING”.
3. This will lead to back injury.
17
Occupational Safety &IfHealth Seminar
fulcrum is moved to
the other side, the
Pressure on
lower back
pressure on lower back is
10 times of the weight
Weight of Load being lifted,
Lifted
Pressure on
lower back
Fulcrum at the Center Weight of load

lifted
If fulcrum is at the
center, pressure on
lower back is equal to If fulcrum is moved
the weight of the object to the other side,
being lifted. look at the effect.18
PREVENTING BACK INJURIES
1. In the United States, back injury accounts for nearly

20% of all the injuries and illnesses in the workplace.
2. Use of back belts may not be the answer.
3. NIOSH believes that back belts do not protect the
workers because of the lack of scientific evidence
supporting their use.
4. According to NIOSH, the most effective way to
prevent back injury is to implement a comprehensive
ergonomics program that strives to protect all workers.
19
5. The most effective way is to redesign the work
environment and work tasks to reduce the
hazards of lifting.
6. Training in identifying lifting hazards and
using safe lifting techniques and methods
should improve the program effectiveness.
20
7. The proper way to lift:

a. Keep feet parted – one alongside,
one behind the object to be lifted.
b. Keep back straight, nearly vertical.
c. Tuck elbows and arms in.
d. Get a good grip on the load.
21
e. Grip the object with the whole hand.
f. Tuck chin in
g. Get the load close to the body.
h. Keep the body weight directly over
feet.
i. Lift without twisting the body or
bending sideways
22
23
GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES
1. These include work practices, ergonomic

principles, training and education.
24
2. When manually moving

materials, employees should
seek help:
a. when a load is so bulky it cannot be properly

grasped or lifted;
b. when they cannot see around or over it; or
c. when they cannot safely handle the load.
25
3. Workers should use the

appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment.
4. To avoid eye injuries,

use eye protection.
26
5. When loads are heavy or bulky,

the mover should wear steel-
toed safety shoes or boots to
prevent foot injuries if he or she
slips or accidentally drops a
load.
6. For loads with sharp or rough

edges, wear gloves or other
hand or forearm protection.
27
MECHANICAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT
1. A great deal of injuries can be avoided by

allowing the use mechanical handling methods
instead of manual handling.
2. There are many types of equipment and devices
used for lifting and moving materials.
3. Companies utilizing these type of equipment
should establish a safe-work procedures to
provide a safe working environment all site
personnel.
28
CONVEYORS
1. Types of accidents caused by using conveyors:

a. Caught is nip points (frame or over support members
or rollers;
b. Struck by material falling off the conveyor; or
c. Caught on or in the conveyor, being drawn into the
conveyor path.
29
CONVEYORS
2. To reduce the severity of an injury, install an

emergency or pull cord (at the employee’s work
station).
3. An emergency stop switch must be designed to be
reset before the conveyor can be restarted.
30
FORKLIFTS
1. They can simplify many
material handling tasks.
2. One person and a forklift
truck can move large
amounts of material with
ease and efficiency.
3. It is built in a range of capacities from 1,000 lbs. to

80,000 lbs.
31
FORKLIFTS
4. The forklift truck is well suited for combined horizontal
and vertical movement of materials.
5. Misused and unsafe forklift can:
a. Expose its operator to serious injury; and
b. Injure pedestrians and those who work near lift trucks.
c. Causes of forklift accident:
- 75% are usually blamed on operator
- 25% are caused by various controllable factors
(lighting, aisle width, pedestrians, lack of forklift
safety devices, speed limits), 32
FORKLIFTS
6. To avoid accidents, consider the following:

a. Only trained and authorized employees are
permitted to operate.
b. Operators should wear a safety helmet and
proper clothing on the job.
c. Always observe speed limit set by the
company.
33
FORKLIFTS
d. No riders
policy must be
observed.
e. Never exceed the

trucks loading
capacity.
34
FORKLIFTS
f. When picking up items, the load
must be centered on the forks,
rested on the backrest with the
mast tilted backward to minimize
the potential for the truck tipping
or the load falling.
g. The load must be at the

lowest position for
traveling (about 4 to 6
inches above the ground)
35
1. Avoid overloading the

equipment. Consider
the weight, size and
shape of the material
being moved dictate the
type of equipment used
for transporting it.
36
2. All materials handling equipment has

rated capacities that determine the
maximum weight the equipment can
safely handle and the conditions under
which it can handle that weight.
3. The equipment-rated capacity must be

displayed on each piece of equipment .
37
4. Stored materials must not create a hazard.

5. When stacking and piling materials, it is
important to be aware of such factors as:
a. the materials’ height and weight;
b. how accessible the stored materials are
to the user; and
c. the condition of the containers where the
materials are being stored.
38
4. Stored materials must not create a

hazard.
5. When stacking and piling materials, it
is important to be aware of such factors
as:
a. the materials’ height and weight;
b. how accessible the stored materials
are to the user; and
c. the condition of the containers
where the materials are being stored.
39
6. All bound materials

should be stacked,
placed on racks, blocked,
interlocked, or otherwise
secured to prevent it
from sliding, falling or
collapsing.
40
7. When stacking materials,

height limitations should be
observed: 20 feet is the
maximum stacking height if a
forklift is used.
8. For quick reference, walls or
posts may be painted with
stripes to indicate maximum
stacking heights.
41
9. To reduce potential accidents associated with

workplace equipment, employees need to be trained
in the proper use and limitations of the equipment
they operate.
10. This includes knowing how to effectively use
equipment such as conveyors, cranes, and slings.
42
POINTS ON SAFETY STORAGE OF MATERIALS
1. Materials that can react with each other should

be stored in separate areas.
2. Storage areas should be well ventilated and
lighted.
3. In storage areas of flammable materials,
explosion proof lighting fixtures and switches to
be used.
4. Where flammable fumes are emitted by stored
materials, battery operated forklifts are to be
used. 43
5. Only non-spark type tools are permitted to be used

inside flammable storage area.
6. Storage areas should be provided with fire extinguishers
located at strategic places and are accessible.
7. If warehouse is provided with sprinkler system, no stock
should be closer than 2ft. from the sprinkler head.
8. Provide at least 4 feet of space between the stockpile
and the wall to build up of heat and afford ventilation. It
also serves as access way for firefighters in the event of
fire.
44
9. Use screw nails in making or repair of

wooden pallets.
10. No welding or open flame cutting
should be permitted in storage of
flammable materials.
11. Hot work permit is mandatory should
welding is extremely necessary.
45
46

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Occupational Safety & Health Seminar

1. The efficient handling and storing of materials is vital

6. Materials handling, whether

1. Manual handling of materials

3. These problems may come from any of the ffg.

4. Common injuries workers suffer include:

5. Training in safe work habits can help minimize these

e. Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery and dirty

f. Keep hands free of oil and grease.

6. Examine work places to detect any unsafe or

Where are manual handling injuries happening in the

a. Look at injury records.

What is causing these manual handling injuries?

a. Actions and movements used;

What changes can be made to prevent these manual

a. Redesign the job;

a. Have the changes been correctly implemented?

b. Are the changes causing further problems?

c. Do they help reduce injuries?

1. Manual handling of goods and materials is

Fulcrum at the Center Weight of load

1. In the United States, back injury accounts for nearly

7. The proper way to lift:

1. These include work practices, ergonomic

2. When manually moving

a. when a load is so bulky it cannot be properly

3. Workers should use the

4. To avoid eye injuries,

5. When loads are heavy or bulky,

6. For loads with sharp or rough

1. A great deal of injuries can be avoided by

1. Types of accidents caused by using conveyors:

2. To reduce the severity of an injury, install an

3. It is built in a range of capacities from 1,000 lbs. to

6. To avoid accidents, consider the following:

e. Never exceed the

g. The load must be at the

1. Avoid overloading the

2. All materials handling equipment has

3. The equipment-rated capacity must be

4. Stored materials must not create a hazard.

4. Stored materials must not create a

6. All bound materials

7. When stacking materials,

9. To reduce potential accidents associated with

1. Materials that can react with each other should

5. Only non-spark type tools are permitted to be used

9. Use screw nails in making or repair of

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