DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region V-Bicol
Division of Camarines Norte
Paracale District
Alternative Learning System

Learning Strand 4: Life and Career Skills

TOPIC: PROPER MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Learning Competency/ies:

1. Identify the factors to consider when maintaining farm facilities, tools, and equipment.
2. Demonstrating proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment LS4LC-PE-PSC-AE/LJHS

This lesson deals with the maintenance of farm tools, implements, simple equipment, and facilities. It also
includes workplace hazards and environmental implications associated with maintenance procedures.

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: ENCIRCLE the letter of the correct answer.
1. Maintenance is work done regularly to keep our tools in good condition. Which of the following is the first
and foremost task in maintenance?
A. Inspect tools before using them B. Clean tools every after use
C. Keep workplace clean and orderly D. Use tools, implements, and equipment properly
2. The following are important reasons why we maintain our tools, implements, and equipment except:
A. To properly dispose of hazardous waste
B. To extend the life of tools, implements, and equipment
C. To attain aesthetic beauty of the workplace
D. To assure the operational readiness of the tools, implements, and equipment
3. Which of the following is not a benefit of maintaining the facilities?
A. Ensure safe environment B. Prolonged life of facilities
C. Reduced operational cost and production D. Prompt delivery of services/products
4. The 5S with several philosophies are prerequisites for any improvement program. Which of the following
is not a philosophy of 5S?
A. Simplifies work environment B. Effective workplace organization
C. Waste of time and effort D. Reduces waste while improving quality and safety
5.A maintenance performed to prevent or find defects before they develop into a breakdown refers to:
A.Corrective maintenance B.Preventive maintenance
C.Emergency maintenance D.Time-based maintenance

B. SEQUENCING
Directions: Arrange in order the four-step processes of risk management by assigning number in
every step.
Assess the risk
Review the process
Identify the hazard
Control the risk

C. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the different examples of hazards by placing a check mark (/) under the types of
hazards in the table below.

Example of Safety Biological Physical Ergonomic Chemical Work

Hazards Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Organization
Hazard
1. Lack of
Respect

2. Pesticides

3.Sexual
harassment

4. Insect bites

5. Spill on floors

6. Poor posture

7. Improperly
aligned chairs

8. Flammable
materials

9. Radiation

10. Confined
spaces
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

Safety Precautions in Handling Farm Facilities

Horticultural farm operations involve a lot of activities in the different workplaces. While performing
these activities, workers expose themselves to a lot of risks. Workplace hazard is a major cause of
accident, injury, or harm to a worker who performs the such task. These hazards should be the major
concern of all who are involved in a certain task or activity.
When undertaking risk management, it is important to distinguish hazard from risk and exposure.

 Hazard is the potential for harm, or adverse effect on an employee’s health. Anything which may
cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace is a hazard.

Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace.
The level of risk increases with the severity of the hazard and the duration and frequency of
exposure.

 Exposure occurs when a person comes in contact with a hazard. What is a hazard?

 Hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to harm people. Hazards in the
workplace should be identified and the risk of the hazard causing an injury should be assessed.

TYPES OF HAZARDS
1.SAFETY HAZARDS - These are the most common hazards in a workplaceoccuringat one time or
another. Theyinclude unsafe conditions that can result ininjury, illness or death.
Examples:
Spills on floors
Working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised area
Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts
Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins and improper wiring
Confined spaces

2.BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS - These are associated with working with animals, people, orinfectious
plant materials.
Examples:
Insect bites
Fungi/mold
Bacteria and virus
Plants
Animal and bird droppings
Blood and other body fluids

3. PHYSICAL HAZARDS - These are factors within the environment that can harm the body without
necessarily touching it.
Examples:
Extreme temperature –hot and cold Constant loud noise
High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
Radiation including ionizing and non-ionizing (microwaves and radiowaves)
4.ERGONOMIC HAZARDS - These occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions
put a strain on your body. These arethe hardest to spot since you don’t always immediately notice the
strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose. Short term exposure may result in “sore muscles”
and long-term exposure can result in serious illness.
Examples:
Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
Frequent lifting
Poor posture
Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
Repeating the same movements over and over
Vibration
Having to use too much force, especially if donefrequently
5.CHEMICAL HAZARDS – These are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation
in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid, gas). Chemicals can cause illness, skin irritation or
breathing problems
Beware of:
Pesticides
Cleaning products, paints, acids,and solvents
Flammable materials,like gasoline and explosive chemicals
Vapors,like fumes that come from welding
Gases,like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium

6.WORK ORGANIZATION HAZARDS - Hazards or stressors that cause stress (short-term effects)
and strain (long-term effects). These are hazards associated with clean workplace issues such
as,workload, lack of control and/or respect.
Examples:
Workplace violence Workload demands
Lack of respect Flexibility
Social support/relations Control or say about things
Sexual harassment

MAINTAINING FARM TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND FACILITIES

According to Ladia, et. al (2012), maintenance is work that is done regularly to keep tools, equipment,and
facilities in good condition and working order. We need to learn the different kinds of maintenance in order
to identify the activities and proper procedures in the management of facilities as well as of the time, money
and materials involved.The proper use of training tools, equipment, and facilities is the first and
foremost task in maintenance. It used in accordance with the manufacturer’s manual, as this would
evidently extend the life of the tools, equipment, and facilities.
The manual would indicate the part and the way to maintain it. We must always refer to it for reference.

Types of Maintenance
1. Preventive maintenance – maintenance performed to prevent or find defects before they develop
into a breakdown.

2. Corrective maintenance – maintenance tasks initiated as a result of the observed condition of an

asset or system, before or after functional failure to correct a problem. It is performed to repair, restore,
replace or correct a failure.

3. Emergency maintenance – maintenance performed to put the item on hand immediately to avoid
serious consequences, such as loss of production, disrupted schedule, extensive damage to assets, idle
worker or for safety reasons. This should be requested as soon as you become aware of a problem.

Why Maintain?
To extend the useful life of tools, equipment and facilities
To assure the operational readiness of equipment and maximum possible return on investments
To properly discard hazardous waste
To ensure the safety of the user

What Can We Gain From Maintaining Our Facilities?

Ensure a safe environment
Improved morale of human resources
Reduced operational cost
Increased production
Prolonged life of facilities
Prompt delivery of services/products

TOOLS MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY RULES

According to Asuncion (1991), tools will last longer when properly kept and maintained. A good
worker keeps and takes good care of his tools. The following are some pointers to follow in keeping tools in
good condition:
1.Be sure to inspect tools before using them to check if they are in good working condition. This can be
detected when they are used smoothlywith ease and speed. The sharpness of bladed tools and tips of
pointed ones should always be maintained, while non-bladed or non-pointed tools should always be
kept clean to prevent them from rusting.
2.After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth before keeping it in the tool cabinet. To keep the
tool from rusting, make sure that the tool is dry before storing it.
3.Oil the metal parts of a tool to prevent any form of damage that may be caused by air, water, or rust.

SAFETY RULES TO STRICTLY FOLLOW TO AVOID ACCIDENTS

1.Avoid wearing loose clothing when working. Sleeves should be fitting and shirts tucked inas much as
possible. Remove ties and jewelry.
2.Injuries or accidents that occur should be reported immediately to the teacher.
3.Never use your lips to fold small materials like fasteners or any small metal articles when
working.
4.Never throw tools of any type around. Make sure the sharp edge of cutting tools is away from the edge of
the work table or work bench.
5.Keep working areas clean and free from shavings of any kind.
6.Ensure the safety of your classmates when carrying long and heavy tools to avoid accidents.
7.Never use dull or damaged tools.
8.Keep fingers away from the edge of sharp cutting tools.
9.Know and observe safety measures specific of each tool or operation.
10.Convenience outlets and power tools used should be checked before and after each use. Switch off the
power before leaving the shop.
11.Keep tools in their proper places.

PRACTICE 5 S
According to Ladia, et al. (2012), 5S is the name of a workplace organization methodology that uses a list
of five (5) Japanese words which are seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke.Translated into English,
they all begin with the letter “S”. The list describes how items are stored and how the new order is
maintained.

Seiri (Sort) -taking out and disposing of unnecessary items

Seiton (Systematize) -arranging tools, equipment, and materials in order for the easiest and
most efficient access
Seiso (Sweep) -cleaning even if things are not dirty
Seiketsu (Standardize) -maintaining the workplace in high standard housekeeping
Shitsuke (Self-discipline) -doing things spontaneously without being told

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: ENCIRCLE the letter of the correct answer.
1.The 5S with several philosophies are pre-requisites for any improvement program. Which of the following
is not a philosophy of 5S?
A.Simplifies work environment B.Effective workplace organization
 C.Waste of time and effort D.Reduces waste while improving quality and safety
2.Which of the following is not a benefit from maintaining the facilities?
A.Ensure safe environment B.Prolonged life of facilities
C.Reduced operational cost and production D.Prompt delivery of services and products

3. A maintenance performed to prevent or find defects before they develop into a breakdown refers to:
A.Corrective maintenance B.Preventive maintenance
C.Emergency maintenance D.Time-based maintenance
4.The following are important reasons why we maintain our tools, implements, and equipment
except:
A.To properly dispose hazardous waste
B.To extend the life of tools, implements, and equipment
C.To attain aesthetic beauty of the workplace
D.To assure the operational readiness of the tools, implements, equipment and maximum
return on investments
5.Maintenance is work done regularly to keep our tools in good condition. Which of the following is the first
and foremost task in maintenance?
A.Inspect tools before using them B.Clean tools after use
C.Keep workplace clean and orderly D.Use tools,implement, and equipment properly
ANSWER KEY
Pre-test POST TEST

1.A 1. C

2. C 2. D
3. D 3. B
4. C 4. C
5. B 5. A
B. SEQUENCING
1. identify the hazard
2. assess the risk
3. review the process
4. control the risk