ROCK AND SOIL ANCHORS

Cover photo: Ertan Dam, China

Contractor: E.J.V. Impregilo-8.B-Dumez-Gtm-Torno
Client: EHDC, Ertan Hydropower Development Co. Ltd.

Photo page 1: Railway Line Contuy Medio

Caracas-Charallave-Cua, (Venezuela)
Contractor: Trevi spa, Cesena (FC), Italy
Main Contractor: J.V. Astaldi/Impregilo/Ghella/Otaola
Client: Ferrocar
via flavio vegezio, 15 - 20149 milano (italy)
phone +39 02 43 00 16.1 - fax +39 02 48 0107 26
e-mail.: [email protected] - http://www.tensacciai.it

1
 CONTENTS

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ANCHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4

MAIN FACTORS IN ANCHOR DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

STRAND CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6

ANCHOR PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7

ANCHOR HEADS “PT” SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 8

ANCHOR HEADS “MT” SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 9

ANCHORS FOR TEMPORARY USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 10

ANCHORS FOR PERMANENT USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12

STRESSING JACKS “PT” SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 18

STRESSING JACKS “MT” SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 19

HYDRAULIC PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 20

CYCLIC STRESSING: TENSACCIAI TAC SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . page 21

EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 22

NORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 24

2
For many years anchors, technologies structures” Law
TENSACCIAI has been and equipment which n° 1086/1971, Ministry
actively engaged in the have a wide Decree of 9.1.1996,
study of the application application as well as Circular n° 252
of post-tensioning important technical AA.GG./S.T.C. of
technology in the and operative results. 15.10.1996, and with
geotechnical field. the “AICAP
This result has been Recommendations” of
TENSACCIAI has obtained thanks to a 1993.
worked and is working considerable technical
with the main research and TENSACCIAI is
specialized continuous attention member of APPI
contractors, and has to the various (Italian Association of
supplied and installed problems of the field. Post-tensioning
a considerable number Systems) and of the
of rock and ground All TENSACCIAI following
anchors, of different supplies comply both Associations: AICAP,
types and use, in with the standards AGI, ISSMFE, ISRM,
important public and covering pre-stressed CEB, FIB, IABSE, PTI.
civil works, in Italy and reinforced concrete
all over the world. “Technical standards TENSACCIAI has
for calculation, obtained Bureau
The acquired execution and testing Veritas Quality
experience enables of normal and pre- International
TENSACCIAI to stressed reinforced certification according
design, test and concrete structures to ISO 9001:2000
produce types of and for metal standards.

Permanent anchors for the quay of Trattaroli Square, Ravenna (Italy)

Contractor: Ing. Giovanni Rodio & C. spa, Casalmaiocco (LO) - (Italy)
Main Contractor: Ravenna Scarl, Rome (Italy)
Client: Italian Ministry of Public Works, Rome (Italy)

3
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ANCHOR

anchor
head free length bond length

ANCHOR HEADS
Anchor heads are made of forged steel, with shape and dimensions allowing a uniform
stress distribution on the structure, and a correct housing of the anchorages and wedge
system and of the eventual protection cap of the anchor head system.

FREE LENGTH
It represents, in the length, the part of the anchor between the bond and the anchor
head, in which the tension element undergoes its lengthening during tensioning operations;
in this zone strands are protected in a sheath, having also the purpose to protect them
against corrosion and stray currents.

BOND LENGTH
This is the part of the anchor transmitting the tensile stresses to the ground by means
of cement grout, assuring adherence between the tension elements and the borehole.
To increase their cement-steel adherence, strands are suitably shaped, by means of
spacers, in a sinusoidal form with loops and knots. To make easier the anchor insertion
into the borehole, its head is connected to an ogive, shaped to overcome the friction of
the hole outline during threading phase.

4
 MAIN FACTORS IN ANCHOR DESIGN

CALCULATION OF ANCHOR CAPACITY

Calculation can be:
• of geotechnical type
• of structural type

CALCULATION OF TECHNICAL AND GEOMETRICAL CHARCTERISTICS

Parameters to be fixed are:
• bond length, depending on the soil characteristics and particularly considering its cohesion
and adherence index, generally checked by means of preliminary unslipping tests;
• free length that, depending on the structure geometry, must be sufficient to overpass
the slipping surface of the ground body to be consolidated or soil layers having poor
geotechnical properties;
• degree of anchor protection depending on its useful life;
• type of anchor heads depending on the need of tensioning checks in the time, subsequent
tensioning or releasing operations.

LIFE OF THE ANCHOR

Depending on its length in the time and on the environmental aggressiveness, anchors can
be classified as:
• Temporary: when they are applied to temporary structures to contrast the forces that
rise during the structure erection, but that are no longer present when the work is
finished.
• Permanent: when their action is requested for an important period in the life of the
structure to which they are applied: in this case anchor protection must be total.

GROUTING
In cohesive soils it's important to increase frictions between grouting of the ground anchor's
body and the surrounding soil; in this case grouting is performed by means of pipes with
valves, equipped with manchettes placed at variable distance depending on soil characteristics
(30, 50, 100 cm.), with the aim to have the possibility to make localized pressure grouting
operations, also in different phases, and eventually to repeat grouting after tensioning, in
case of lack of adherence with the soil.

5
STRAND CHARACTERISTICS

This catalogue provides technical information regarding anchors manufactured with strands
15.2 mm. dia. (0.6”); 15,7 mm. dia. (0,6”S) and 15,2 mm. dia. compact.
In case of specific applications, where the use of different diameters is required, our Technical
Department is available for any kind of information.

Specified Relaxation after 1000

Type of Nominal Nominal Nominal Breaking
Diameter Specification charact. 0,1% hours at 0.7 - 0.8
strand diameter steel area mass load
proof load breaking load
Fptk Fp0,1
mm mm2 g/m kN kN % %
EN 10138 standard 15.2 140 1090 260 230 2.5 4.5
0.6" super 15.7 150 1180 279 248 2.5 4.5
ASTM A416/94 Grade 270 15.24 140 1102 260.7 221 2.5 4.5
0.6"
ASTM A779/90 15.2 165 1290 300 264 2.5 4.5
compact
Elastic module = 195 ± 10 kN / mm2

Nominal Breaking Working load with

Strands Section Working load with reference to Fp Yielding load
diameter load reference to Fs

n. Fp=n Fptk 0,7 Fp 0,625 Fp 0,6 Fp 0,5 Fp Fs=n Fp0,1 0,75 Fs 0,6 Fs
mm mm2 kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN
2 15,2 280 520 364 325 312 260 460 345 276
3 15,2 420 780 546 488 468 390 690 518 414
4 15,2 560 1040 728 650 624 520 920 690 552
5 15,2 700 1300 910 813 780 650 1150 863 690
6 15,2 840 1560 1092 975 936 780 1380 1035 828
7 15,2 980 1820 1274 1138 1092 910 1610 1208 966
8 15,2 1120 2080 1456 1300 1248 1040 1840 1380 1104
9 15,2 1260 2340 1638 1463 1404 1170 2070 1553 1242
10 15,2 1400 2600 1820 1625 1560 1300 2300 1725 1380
2 15,7 300 558 391 349 335 279 496 372 298
3 15,7 450 837 586 523 502 419 744 558 446
4 15,7 600 1116 781 698 670 558 992 744 595
5 15,7 750 1395 977 872 837 698 1240 930 744
6 15,7 900 1674 1172 1046 1004 837 1488 1116 893
7 15,7 1050 1953 1367 1221 1172 977 1736 1302 1042
8 15,7 1200 2232 1562 1395 1339 1116 1984 1488 1190
9 15,7 1350 2511 1758 1569 1507 1256 2232 1674 1339
10 15,7 1500 2790 1953 1744 1674 1395 2480 1860 1488
Working loads shown in the table above have to be defined according to Reference Norms (EN 1537, AICAP Recommendations, BS Standards, SIA
norms, TA'95 Recommendations, etc…)
Further datas are available on request.

6
 ANCHOR PROTECTION

Protection degree of a ground anchor is defined with reference to its design life and to the
environmental aggressiveness.
Protection in every part of the anchor is assured by:
- Free length:
each individual strand is coated with soft corrosion protection compound (grease, wax,
etc.) and contained in a polyethylene pipe (hdpe coating); in addition, an external
sheath covers the whole bundle of strands (temporary and permanent anchors).
- Bond length:
cement grouting and plastic corrugated sheath (permanent anchors).
- Anchor head:
it is the critical element of the system and it is the part more subject to corrosion
possibility and to transmission of stray currents; it requires a perfect sealing either in
its external part or in that below the bearing plate zone.
External protection of the anchor head is assured by:
- a concrete sealing, in case it does not require any check or re-stressing in the time;
- the installation of a metallic cap filled with anticorrosion soft compound.
Protection below bearing plate is assured by:
an insulating system, composed of a cylindrical chamber sealed to the anchor head
and of a sealing assuring tightness with the plastic sheath in the free length; after
stressing the system is filled with soft anticorrosion compound.

Schemes show the system proposed by TENSACCIAI, that can allow a further protection
to stray currents by means of the interposition, between bearing plate and anchor head, of
dielectric materials.

Cap
Anticorrosion compound
Cap
Anticorrosion compound
Anchoring system
Anchor head

Bearing plate Anchorplate

Strand

Grouting pipe Strand

Connection tube Grouting pipe

Tightening joint Connection tube

Hdpe coating
Tightening joint

Hdpe coating

7
ANCHOR HEADS “PT” SERIES

D F

B
A

A B C D E F
Anchorplate mm mm mm mm mm mm
2 TR 15 180 180 120 26 110 250
3 TR 15 187 200 120 30 115 250
4 TR 15 187 222 120 35 117 250
5 TR 15 208 240 135 35 122 250
6 TR 15 212 265 145 37 123 250
7 TR 15 232 290 170 39 127 300
8 TR 15 258 310 185 45 132 300
9 TR 15 284 320 220 45 135 300
10 TR 15 340 360 270 50 145 350
Subject to modification Additional sizes available on request
Dimension E can be increased depending on the need to re-tension the ground anchor.

8
 ANCHOR HEADS “MT” SERIES

Adjustable Adjustable
with shims with nut

Variable D

F
C

Anchor head A B C D E F
mm mm mm mm mm mm
4 MTR 15 105 53 160 x 160 250 115 50
7 MTR 15 125 55 190 x 190 250 135 60
9 MTR 15 146 58 210 x 210 300 155 60
12 MTR 15 160 63 230 x 230 300 170 60
15 MTR 15 176 63 260 x 260 350 185 60
19 MTR 15 200 80 290 x 290 350 195 60
22 MTR 15 230 86 310 x 310 400 225 70
27 MTR 15 250 93 335 x 335 400 240 70
Subject to modification Additional sizes available on request
Dimension F can be increased depending on the need to re-tension the ground anchor.
Of course TENSACCIAI can manufacture tendons of high or very high capacity (tendons up to 182 strands have been manufactured!). For
tendons not foreseen in the above table and for special projects, please contact our Technical Department.

9
 ANCHORS FOR TEMPORARY USE

This kind of anchor is mainly required for temporary use (construction of diaphragms, bulk
heads, etc.) and for use in non-aggressive soils.
According to the foreseen type of grouting, anchors can be supplied either with normal hdpe
pipes, or with pipes equipped with “manchette” valves for repeated grouting.

TENSACCIAI ANCHORS “600” “601” “603”TYPE

These temporary anchors are supplied with greased and unbonded strands in the
free length (“600” type - scheme below); with smoothed hdpe sheath to protect the
free length (“601” type - scheme in the following page) or with both protections. On
request they can be supplied with obturator bag (“603” type).
Hdpe pipes are foreseen to grout every single part (bond length, free length and
eventually obturator bag).

anchor head grouting pipe free

leng
anchorage th

anchor head

unbonded strand
bond
leng
th

spacer

strap
end cap
wall
cap

anticorrosion compound pad

cement grout

primary grouting pipe

10
anchor head grouting pipe free
lengt
h
anchorage
anchor head
strand
seal
bond
lengt
rigid pipe h
smooth sheath

spacer

strap
end cap
wall
cap
secondary grouting pipe
anticorrosion compound
pad

cement grout

primary grouting pipe

TENSACCIAI ANCHOR “604”TYPE

This type of anchor is provided with a 27/34 mm. dia. pipe equipped in the bond length with
manchette valves (every 1 m. or, on request, at different distances) for repeated grouting.
It can be supplied with obturator bag that, once grouted, closes the hole, sealing in that way
the bond length. Primary grouting can be then performed at high pressures with considerable
guarantees of tightness.
This system guarantees the possibility of performing groutings at high pressures at fixed
intervals, according to the distance between the valves, along the whole bond length, and
to repeat them in the time.

anchor head grouting pipe free

lengt
h
anchorage
anchor head
strand
seal
bond
rigid pipe lengt
h
smooth sheath

spacer

strap

wall end cap

cap
manchette valve
anticorrosion compound
pad

cement grout

primary grouting pipe

11
 ANCHORS FOR PERMANENT USE

In case of permanent anchors, besides a sophisticated strands protection in the free length,
it is necessary that, also in the bond length, tension elements are suitably protected.
It's necessary to manufacture anchors having bond length protected by plastic, dielectric and
waterproof sheaths, having quite prominent corrugated shapes, so that they can receive and
retransmit steel stresses to the cement grout and to the ground.
Also in that case, according to the type of grouting requested, anchors can be provided with
normal hdpe pipes or with pipes equipped with “manchettes” valves for repeated grouting.

TENSACCIAI ANCHOR “602”TYPE

These anchors too, like the temporary ones, can be supplied with unbonded greased strands
and/or with smooth sheath in the free length; while the bond length is protected by a corrugated
hdpe sheath.
Hdpe pipes are used for grouting, one for the external and one for the internal part of the
bond length; a third pipe is used to grout the free length and a fourth pipe to grout the
obturator bag, when requested. For venting of the bond length and of the eventual obturator
bag, pipes 10x14 mm dia. are used.
On request, anchor “602” type can be supplied with an additional external pipe 27x34 mm
dia. equipped with “manchette” valves in the bond length to perform repeated groutings.

anchor head grouting pipe free

leng
th
anchorage
anchor head
strand
seal bond
leng
rigid pipe th
smooth sheath obturator bag

external spacer

corrugated sheath
spacer
strap
wall
cap ogive
secondary grouting pipe
anticorrosion compound pad
obturator bag grouting pipe
pad venting pipe
cement grout
primary grouting pipe
internal grouting pipe

12
 TENSACCIAI ANCHOR “608”TYPE

Like “602” and “605” type this is a permanent anchor and, like “605” one, allows repeated
groutings.
The “608” anchor type is the result of the study of a mechanism allowing repeated groutings
without the need of the use of the packer.
This choice does not offer the possibility to grout valves one by one, but it allows repeated
groutings in sequence, by means of a special pipe, equipped with valves in the bond length,
able to absorb high pressures.
Grouting pipe is “U” shaped, therefore it can be easily washed and made it available for
further groutings.
Even if it does not allow the typical “bond wave shape” of the classic grouting pipe equipped
with “manchettes” valves, this system allows a programmed and spread grouting, and can
be the right “compromise” in uncertain geotechnical situations.

anchor head grouting pipe free

lengt
h
anchorage
anchor head
unbonded strand
seal bond
lengt
h
rigid pipe
smooth sheath

corrugated sheath

spacer
strap
wall
cap ogive
cement grout
anticorrosion compound regrouting pipe
manchette valve

external spacer

primary grouting pipe

internal grouting pipe

13
 TENSACCIAI ANCHOR "605” APS TYPE

During the last few years, the demand for anchors in sophisticated applications has greatly
increased, particularly for permanent or long lasting anchors.
These anchors are now subject to more severe standards and designers must be sure that
the execution is accurate, above all with regard to the durability and the sealing conditions
of the structure.
Therefore, to meet customer's needs, our company has researched new materials and
systems for grouting operations, and has developed the anchor named 'APS' TENSACCIAI.
The main characteristics of the 'APS' TENSACCIAI anchor are:
- full protection of prestressing steel in every part of the anchor. This protection is
guaranteed by means of hdpe sheaths in smooth and corrugated form, respectively
for the free and the bond length, able to undergo and transmit the steel shearing
stresses to the concrete and to the ground.
- the possibility to repeat grouting in the cable bond zone, both inside and outside the
corrugated sheath.
This possibility is guaranteed by means of normal "manchette" valves, of traditional
type, for grouting inside the sheath, and by means of special valves, the “APS” valves,
for grouting outside the sheath in the bond.
- further protection of strand in the free length. In fact each strand can be individually
protected (hdpe coated and greased) with small hdpe tubes, which wrap it tightly
without preventing sliding, making corrosion resistance particularly effective in the
zone where tensions are high and where, therefore, the vulnerability of the steel to
be attacked is maximum.

anchor head grouting pipe free

length
anchorage
anchor head
strand
seal bond
length
rigid pipe

obturator bag

corrugated sheath

external spacer

wall ogive
smooth sheath
cap
anticorrosion compound manchette valve
pad
pad
venting pipe
APS valve
cement grout
primary grouting pipe

14
 MODALITIES FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE TENSACCIAI "APS" ANCHOR
Grouting modalities of TENSACCIAI “APS” anchor are the following:
Stage A) The anchor is delivered to the job site completely protected by means of plastic
sheaths in each part and is inserted in the hole.
Stage B) If foreseen, the obturator bag is grouted by means of a manchette valve.
Stage C) The bond length is grouted inside the corrugated sheath, using the correspondent
"manchette" valves. Grouting is done at low pressure by means of a 27x34 mm.
dia. pipe equipped at its end with a flexible packer (device with double obturator
bag). Grouting is stopped when the cement grout flows back constantly from
the vent tube placed at the level of the pad.
Stage D) Grouting pipe with packer is moved up to the level of the special 'APS' valves
and the bond length is grouted in the external part of the sheath. Grouting is
made at high pressure to allow a safe bond anchorage (internal sheath of the
bond length already grouted) to the ground.
Stage E) Grouting is repeated through the 'APS' valves to check that the bond zone is
completely filled.
Stage F) After curing, stressing is done.
Stage G) The anchor free length is grouted by means of the correspondent "manchette"
valve.

In this way, an anchor has been made where further groutings are still possible through the
APS valves which are still available. The anchor is protected in every part and is not therefore
subject either to corrosion or stray currents (the sheath is made of dielectric material, the
valves and the ogive are made of plastic). Repeated grouting, both outside and inside the
corrugated sheath, is the best guarantee for a perfect bond making, and for the complete
filling of all the bond areas, including the corrugated gaps of the sheath, which must guarantee
the transmission of the shearing forces.
The possibility to repeat grouting in the bond length, even after stressing, is a further guarantee
of being able to close eventual slits which may have occurred in the mortar, owing to the
stressing forces.
It has been therefore made an anchor which can give the utmost guarantees of durability
and reliability and which, at the same time, is easy to use, as it does not weigh more than
a traditional anchor, and its execution is not particularly complicated because it utilises
proven methods (such as repeated groutings and corrugated sheaths), combining them in
such a way to make their use safer and easier.

15
 1 Pluri-anchored piling with approached anchors
for a Trade Centre in San Marino
Contractor: San Marino Strade sa, San Marino
Client: Valpharma sa, San Marino

2 Rijeka World Trade Centre (Croatia)

Contractor: Geokarst Engineering srl, Trieste (Italy)
Main Contractor: World Trade Centre, Rijeka (Croatia)
Client: Geotehnika d.d., Zagreb (Croatia)
➊
1 ➋
2

3 P.c. pilings and anchors

Parking “Urbaniana University” - Gianicolo, Rome (Italy)
Contractor: S.G.F. spa, Rome (Italy)
Main Contractor: Impregilo spa, Milan (Italy)
Client: Università Urbaniana, Rome (Italy)

4 Anchors on pit retaining pilings

Dante Square Station of Naples Underground, (Italy)
Contractor CE.S.I.F. spa, Naples (Italy)
Client: Metropolitana di Napoli spa, Naples (Italy)
➌
3 ➍
4

5 Aosta-Monte Bianco Highway - lot. 3

Contractor: Viadotti di Courmayeur scrl, Rome (Italy)
Client: RAV spa (Valle d'Aosta
Highway Connection), Genoa (Italy)

6 Admiral Point Centre

San Marino Customs House
Contractor: GE.O.S. sa, San Marino
Client: Admiral Point Centre sa, San Marino
➎
5 ➏
6

Temporary anchors for retaining wall - New Building for Research and Development - Pirelli spa, Milan (Italy)
Contractor: Else spa, Milan (Italy) - Client: M.C.S. (Milan Central Services), Milan (Italy)

16
Consolidation works in the western slope of Castelli - Teramo (Italy)
Contractor: GEO sas, L'Aquila (Italy) - Main Contractor: Consortium Castelli scrl, L'Aquila - Client: Municipality of Castelli - Teramo (Italy)

1 Modern and contemporary Art Museum

in Rovereto - Trento (Italy)
Contractor: Lamaro Appalti spa, Rome (Italy)
Main Contractor: Municipality of Rovereto, Trento (Italy)
Client: Province of Trento, (Italy)

2 Zambana dihedral consolidation works, Trento (Italy)

Contractor: Trevi spa, Cesena (FC), (Italy)
Client: Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy)

➊
1 ➋
2

3 Setting of squares and infrastructures

of Gioia Tauro Port, Reggio Calabria (Italy)
Contractor: Teknosonda srl, Lamezia Terme - Catanzaro (Italy)
Main Contractor: Todini Costruzioni Generali spa, Rome (Italy)
Client: A.S.I. (Consortium for the Area of Industrial Development
of Reggio Calabria, (Italy)

4 Toschi Avenue Parking, Parma (Italy)

Contractor: Ing. Giovanni Rodio & C. spa,
Casalmaiocco - Lodi (Italy)
Main Contractor: Toschi scarl, Parma (Italy)
Client: Gespar spa, Parma (Italy)

➌
3 ➍
4

17
 STRESSING JACKS “PT” SERIES

TENSACCIAI manufactures 4 types of "PT" series jacks (plurijacks) which differ in

tensioning section, weight and dimensions. All are equipped with automatic lock-off.
ØA

ØC

m.u. PT 150 KN PT 200 KN PT 250 KN PT 300 KN

Capacity kN 150 200 250 300
Stroke mm 100 200 200 200
Weight Kg. 16 23 23 28
Tensioning section cm2 32.80 47.20 47.20 58.32
Max. tensioning pressure bar 550 450 550 550
Max. return pressure bar 180 180 180 180
Max. locking pressure bar 165 165 165 165
Connection -- 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes
A mm 85 100 97 110
B mm 600 1000 930 870
C mm 60 85 77 88
Subject to modification Additional sizes available on request

18
 STRESSING JACKS “MT” SERIES

TENSACCIAI manufactures 8 types of “MT” series jacks (monogroup), with capacity ranging from 1000 to
9000 kN. “MT” jacks have been designed and built by TENSACCIAI considering different stressing needs:
minimum strand waste (300 mm. to 500 mm.), jack built-in hydraulic circuit, automatic lock-off, easy removal
and control of the wedges, jack rotation around its own axis, making it easier to place and wedge onto the
tendon. The high quality of parts and materials allows this jack to be used even under the most severe
operating conditions. TENSACCIAI “MT” jacks can also be supplied in the TAC version.

ØC

ØD
ØE

B
A

m.u. MT 1000 KN MT 1500 KN MT 2500 KN MT 3000 KN MT 3500 KN MT 4500 KN MT 6000 KN MT 9000 KN

Capacity kN 1000 1500 2500 3000 3500 4500 6000 9000
Stroke mm 250 250 250 250 250 250 300 250
Weight Kg. 100 180 290 350 420 600 1000 1250
Tensioning section cm2 155.51 302.18 361 400.55 492.44 725.71 879.6 1625
Max. tensioning pressure bar 600 500 700 700 700 700 700 700
Max. return pressure bar 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
Max. locking pressure bar 165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165
Tensioning overlength with lock-off cm. 35 37 37 38 38 45 51 52
A mm 950 930 951 984 970 1107 1237 1016
B mm 155 130 150 154 148 200 207 195
C mm 137 152 173 195 214 243.5 295.5 322
D mm 162 185 213 236 252 310 380 407
E mm 248 310 339 370 415 512.5 615 714
Subject to modification Additional sizes available on request

19
 HYDRAULIC PUMPS

TENSACCIAI manufactures 4 types of hydraulic pumps which differ in performances and

dimensions.
All are equipped with hydraulic circuit for automatic lock-off. Each series has different types
in order to meet any technical requirement of the job site.

X 90 ES

X6E X4E

m.u. X90ES X90E X16ES X6E X6EX X6EY X4E X4EX X4EY
Weight Kg. 450 450 450 170 170 150 100 90 90
Power KW 10 7.5 10 5 4 4 4 4 4
Max. pressure bar 700 700 550 500 450 430 500 430 420
System MT MT PT PT PT PT PT PT PT
Oil quantity lt. 100 90 80 60 60 60 50 40 40
Connection 3 tubes 3 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes 2 tubes
A mm 1000 1000 1000 800 800 800 760 760 760
B mm 1300 1300 1300 800 800 800 500 500 500
C mm 800 800 800 600 600 600 400 400 400
Subject to modification Additional sizes available on request

20
 CYCLIC STRESSING: TENSACCIAI TAC SYSTEM

Cyclic stressing is the most correct system for the execution of ground or rock anchors. The
purpose of cyclic stressing is to study during a certain time the behaviour of the bond length
with regard to the ground, and to test the anchor before it is considered suitable for the function
it has been designed for.
By cyclic stressing the right tension applied to the anchor is determined, as the system studied
by TENSACCIAI enables to calculate separately the values of plastic (permanent) and of
elastic strains (see diagram).
TENSACCIAI TAC system has been studied to perform cyclic stressing with maximum speed,
safety and automaticity. It consists of the use of a hydraulic device which allows the insertion
of the wedges in the jack in such a way that it does not prevent the release of stresses, as
foreseen in this particular kind of stressing.

Nc lt
N δt =
Es As

Nc

Nc = testing force
No = alignment force
As = actual cross section of prestressing steel Ni
Ni = ground anchor prestressing force
δt = theoretical elastic elongation
δk = permanent ground anchor elongation
δe = ground anchor elastic modulus
Es = steel elastic modulus
∆N’ = force increase ∆N’
lt = theoretical free length β
1
β
2

No

δ
δk δe

Testing cyclic diagram at constant force

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 EQUIPMENT

TECS SYSTEM (TENSIONING ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM)

The control board can be connected to the electronic equipment, called TECS
system (Tensioning Electronic Control System), which performs an instantaneous
digital reading of both pressure and elongation, during each stressing phase.
The elongation is measured simultaneously, for all jacks operating on the
pump, with a precision of one tenth of a mm. (0.1 mm).
This system allows to obtain the average of the values and, connecting the
TECS system to a plotter, to print an automatic report of tensioning and
elongation data in real time.

DYNAMOMETER
It is the instrument that allows to verify the calibration of tensioning system's
pressures. It is made of an aluminium box housing a digital instrument
that performs precise pressure readings (1 bar). It is available in the 'D'
version, combined with an hydraulic transducer, as a calibration dynamometer
for the 'PT' jacks. It is also available in the 'C' version, as a sample pressure
gauge to be combined with an 'MT' jack to calibrate the pump-jack system.
TENSACCIAI dynamometers are supplied with calibration certificate
issued by an Official Laboratory.

LOAD CELL
TENSACCIAI offers a wide range of thoroidal load cells duly studied for
its own anchorages with capacity ranging from 200 up to 4500 kN. The
equipment is composed of a digital reader with connection wire and of a
thoroidal cell equipped with fitted spacers plates.
The cells have following characteristics: precision class equal to 1%, max.
load charge without any calibration alteration equal to 130% of the declared
capacity, connector and wire IP55.
The portable digital reader has a reading resolution of 50 kN and a LED
display. It is equipped with feeding battery, battery recharger and an IP55
connection wire with different lengths.

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 ➊
1

➋
2

➎
5 ➌
3

1-2 Ground anchors on a retaining wall, Monaco (France)

Contractor: Lenta (France) sarl, Menton (France)
Client: Nicoletti sa, Carros Cedex (France)

3 Atlante Trade Centre, San Marino

Contractor: GE.O.S. sa, San Marino
Client: Consortium Atlante srl, San Marino

4 Hotel-Casino “Belle Bay Plaza”, Manila (The Philippines)

Contractor: Trevi spa, Cesena (FC), (Italy)
Client: Belle Bay City Corporation (The Philippines)

5 Singkarak Hydroelectric Power Station, Indonesia

Contractor: Dumez International sa, Nanterre (France)
Client: Joint Operation Dumez International/
Impregilo spa/PT Istaka Karya ➍
4

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 NORMS

The norms in force to which TENSACCIAI refers in organising its anchors production are the
following:
- EN 1537:2002 “Execution of special geotechnical works - Ground anchors” - June 2002
- AICAP Recommendations: “Ancoraggi nei terreni e nelle rocce” (Italy, 1993)
- PTI Recommendations for prestressed Rock and Soil Anchors (USA, 1996)
- British Standard Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages - BS 8081:1989 (Great Britain, 1989)
- Recommandations Eyrolles Tirants d' Ancrage T.A. 95 (France, 1995)
- SIA 267:2003 Géotechnique (Switzerland, 2003).

Zambana dihedral consolidation works, Trento (Italy)

Contractor: Trevi spa, Cesena (FC), (Italy)
Client: Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy)

Versilia New Hospital, Viareggio - Lucca (Italy) Consolidation works in the town of Canzano - Teramo (Italy)
Contractor: Fondamenta srl, Milan Contractor: GEO sas, L'Aquila (Italy) - Main Contractor : Co. Petrilli, L'Aquila
Client: Consortium Impregilo spa - CMB srl, (Italy) Client: Municipality of Canzano - Teramo (Italy)

24
Design: Arch. Paola Bobba - Arch. Elena Astolfoni - Milan
Stampa: Grafiche Saita - Milan (Italy) - 2004