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    Mass Transfer, PDF

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    Farah Anin
    The document discusses two approaches to analyzing diffusion: 1) Using Fick's Law and a diffusion coefficient to describe steady-state diffusion through a plate or membrane. An example problem is worked out. 2) Using a mass transfer coefficient to analyze diffusion, assuming concentration changes are limited near boundaries. The flux is proportional to the concentration difference and area. An example of humidification is worked out.

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    Mass Transfer, PDF

    Uploaded by

    Farah Anin
    89 views7 pages
    The document discusses two approaches to analyzing diffusion: 1) Using Fick's Law and a diffusion coefficient to describe steady-state diffusion through a plate or membrane. An example problem is worked out. 2) Using a mass transfer coefficient to analyze diffusion, assuming concentration changes are limited near boundaries. The flux is proportional to the concentration difference and area. An example of humidification is worked out.

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    The document discusses two approaches to analyzing diffusion: 1) Using Fick's Law and a diffusion coefficient to describe steady-state diffusion through a plate or membrane. An example problem is worked out. 2) Using a mass transfer coefficient to analyze diffusion, assuming concentration changes are limited near boundaries. The flux is proportional to the concentration difference and area. An example of humidification is worked out.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views7 pages

    Mass Transfer, PDF

    Uploaded by

    Farah Anin
    The document discusses two approaches to analyzing diffusion: 1) Using Fick's Law and a diffusion coefficient to describe steady-state diffusion through a plate or membrane. An example problem is worked out. 2) Using a mass transfer coefficient to analyze diffusion, assuming concentration changes are limited near boundaries. The flux is proportional to the concentration difference and area. An example of humidification is worked out.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration driven by concentration gradients, and it can be described using either Fick's law and a diffusion coefficient or using a mass transfer coefficient.

    Diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. The driving force behind diffusion is concentration gradients, which causes a flow of particles from the high concentration region to the low concentration region in order to equalize concentrations.

    Fick's law describes diffusion in terms of a diffusion flux that is proportional to the concentration gradient. It can be used to describe steady-state diffusion. The diffusion coefficient characterizes the rate of diffusion.

    12/3/2017

    KETEKNIKAN PENGOLAHAN 2

    Fundamentals of
    Mass Transfer

    Ahmad Zaki Mubarok


    Department of Agricultural Product Technology
    Brawijaya University

    DIFFUSION
    Is the process by which molecules, ions, or other small particles
    spontaneously mix, moving from regions or relatively high
    concentration into regions of lower concentration.

    This process can be analyzed in two ways.


    1) First, it can be described with Fick’s law and a diffusion
    coefficient.
    2) Second, it can be explained in terms of mass transfer
    coefficient.

    1
    12/3/2017

    Diffusion

    Whenever there is concentration difference of


    a physical quantity in a medium, nature tends
    to equalize things by forcing a flow from the
    high to the low concentration region.

    Before After

    2
    12/3/2017

    1. Fick’s law and a diffusion coefficient


    Diffusion is time-dependent, the amount of matter transferred depend on time and is characterized by the
    diffusion flux J.

    Eventually, steady-state conditions may be reached, and the diffusion flux no longer changes with time.
    For example:
    Steady state diffusion of a gas through a plate of
    metal, where the gas pressure on either side of the
    plate is kept constant.

    For steady-state diffusion, we have Fick’s first law,

    The negative sign ensures that the flux goes from


    the high to the low concentration regions. This
    concentration gradient can be the driving force Figure 6.4
    for a reaction.

    Example problem

    A sheet of BCC Fe 1.0 mm thick is exposed to a carburizing gas on


    one side and a decarburizing gas on the other at 725oC. After
    reaching steady state, the Fe membrane is quenched to room
    temperature, and the C concentration at each side of the
    membrane are 0.270 kg m-3 and 1.688 kg m-3. Calculate the
    diffusion coefficient if the diffusion flux is 1.4 × 10-8 kg m-2 s-1.

    3
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    Solution:

    Question….?

    4
    12/3/2017

    Molecular Diffusion in Gases

    z = distance (m)

    Example
    A mixture of He and N2 gas is contained in a pipe at 298
    K and 1 atm total pressure which is constant throughout.
    At one end of the pipe at point 1 the partial pressure pA1
    of He is 0.6 atm and at the other end 0.2 m pA2 = 0.2 atm.
    Calculate the flux of He at steady state if DAB of the He-N2
    mixture is 0.687 x 10-4 m2/s.

    Answer:
    JA = 5.63 × 10-3 mol m-2 s-1

    5
    12/3/2017

    2. Mass transfer coefficient


    Analyzing diffusion with mass transfer coefficients requires assuming that changes in
    concentration are limited to that small part of the system’s volume near its boundaries. For
    example, in the absorption of one gas into a liquid, we assume that all gases and liquids are
    well mixed, except near the gas-liquid interface.

    Imagine we are interested in the transfer of mass from some interface into a well-mixed
    solution. We expect that the amount transferred is proportional to the concentration difference
    and the interfacial area:

    =

    Where the proportionality is summarized by k, called a mass transfer coefficient. If we divide
    both sides of this equation by the area, we can write the equation in more familiar symbols:

    =
    Where:
    N1 = the flux at the interface
    c1i = concentration at the interface
    c1 = concentration in the bulk solution.
    The concentration c1i is at the interface but in the same fluid as the bulk concentration c1.

    Example : Humidification

    Imagine that water is evaporating into initially dry air in the closed vessel. The vessel
    is isothermal at 25oC, so the water’s vapor pressure is 23.8 mm Hg. This vessel has 0.8
    liter of water with 150 cm2 of surface area in a total volume of 19.2 liters. After 3
    minutes, the air is five percent saturated.What is the mass transfer coefficient?

    Solution:


    =

    .
    . .
    .
    =

    = . ×
    .

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    The concentration difference is that at the water’s surface minus that in


    the bulk solution.
    That at the water’s surface is the value at saturation, that in bulk at short
    times is essentially zero.
    Thus:
    .
    . × =
    . . ×

    = . × ⁄

    Question….?

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