LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

1. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium if 10. If a gas is compressed adiabatically by doing work of 150 J,
(a) The macroscopic variables do not change in time the change in internal energy of the gas is
(b) The microscopic variables do not change in time (a) 100 J (b) 150 J (c) 200 J (d) 250 J
(c) The macroscopic variables change in time
(d) The maicrosocpic variables changes in time. 11. If R is universal gas constant, the amount of heat needed to
raise the temperature of 2 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas
2. “Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system from 273 K to 373 K when no work is done is
separately are in thermal equilibrium with each other.” (a) 100 R (b) 150 R (c) 300 R (d) 500 R
The above statement is
(a) First law of thermodynamics 12. In an adiabatic change the specific heat of gas is
(b) Second law of thermodynamics (a) Increase with increase in temperature
(c) Third law of thermodynamics (b) Decrease with increase in temperature
(d) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (c) Not depend upon change in temperature
(d) Always zero
3. Internal energy of an ideal gas depends upon
(a) Temperature only 13. Which one of the following graphs represents variation of
(b) Volume only specific heat capacity of water with temperature?
(c) Both volume and temperature
(d) Neither volume nor temperature

4. An ideal gas undergoing a change of state from A to B

through four different paths I, II, III and IV as shown in the P-
V diagram that lead to the same change of state, then the (a) (b)
change in internal energy is

(c) (d)

(a) Is same in I and II but not in III and IV 14. An ideal gas having molar specific heat capacity at constant
(b) Is same in III and IV but not in I and II 3
(c) Is same in I, II and III but not in IV volume is R, the molar specific heat capacities at constant
(d) Same in all the four cases 2
pressure is
5. An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 120 1 5 7 9
(a) R (b) R (c) R (d) R
W. If system performs work at a rate of 80 J s –1, the rate of 2 2 2 2
increase in internal energy is
(a) 30 J s–1 (b) 40 J s–1 (c) 50 J s–1 (d) 60J s–1
15. Mayer’s formula for the relation between two principal
specific heats CP and CV of a gas is given by
6. Air is expanded from 50 litres to 150 litres at 2 atmospheric
pressure. The external work done is (Given, 1 atm = 10 5 N m– CP
(a) CV – CP = R (b) R
2
) CV
(a) 2 × 10–8 J (b) 2 × 104 J (c) 200 J (d) 2000 J
CV
(c) CP – CV = R (d) R
7. The possibility of increase in the temperature of a gas without CP
adding heat to it happens in
(a) Adiabatic expansion (b) Isothermal expansion 16. For a gas of molecular weight M specific heat capacity at
(c) Adiabatic compression (d) Isothermal compression
 C 
constant pressure is    P 
8. Which of the following is not a path function?  CV 
(a)  Q (b)  Q + DW (c)  W (d)  Q – DW R R R RM
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 1  1 M (   1) (   1)
9. Which one of the following is not possible in a cyclic
17. Two moles of oxygen is mixed with eight moles helium. The
process?
effective specific heat of the mixture at constant volume is
(a) Work done by the system is positive
(a) 1.3 R (b) 1.4 R (c) 1.7 R (d) 1.9 R
(b) Heat added to the system is positive
(c) Work done on the system is positive
(d) Heat removed from the system is negative

1|Page
18. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at temperature T0 (a) dU = dQ (b) dU = –dW (c) dU = 0 (d) dU = dW
P
expands slowly according to the law  constant. If the 26. The relation between the slope of isothermal curve and slope
V of adiabatic curve
final temperature is 2T0 heat supplied to the gas is (a) Slope of adiabatic curve =  times slope of isothermal
3 1 curve
(a) 2RT0 (b) RT0 (c) RT0 (d) RT0 (b) Slope of isothermal curve =  times slope of adiabatic
2 2 curve
(c) Slope of adiabatic curve =  2 times slope of isothermal
19. Which is an intensive property? curve
(a) Volume (b) Mass
(d) Slope of isothermal curve =  2 times slope of adiabatic
(c) Refractive index (d) Weight
curve
20. Which of the following process is correct for given P-V
diagram.
27. In a cyclic process, which of the following statement is not
correct?
(a) Change in internal energy is zero.
(b) The system returns to its initial state and it is reversible
(c) The total heat abosorbed by the system is equals to work
done by the system.
(a) Adiabatic process (b) Isothermal process
(d) Change in internal energy is not zero.
(c) Isobaric process (d) Isochoric process

21. The ideal gas equation for an adiabatic process is

28. An ideal gas system undergoes an isothermal process, then
(a) PV  = constant
 +1
(b) TV = constant the work done during the process is
 +1)  +1
(c) P( T = constant (d) P T= constant V2 V1
(a) nRTln (b) nRTln
V1 V2
22. The isothermal diagram of a gas at three different
temperatures T1, T2 and T3 is shown in the given figure. Then, V2  V1 
(c) 2nRTln (d) 2nRTln  
V1  2
V

29. One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial state A to final
state B via two processes : It first undergoes isothermal
expansion from volume V to 3V and then its volume is
reduced from 3V to V at constant pressure. The correct P-V
diagram representing the two processes is
(a) T1 < T2 < T3 (b) T1 < T2 > T3
(c) T1 > T2 > T3 (d) T1 > T2 < T3

23. If an engine delivers 9.5 × 106 J of work per hour and absorbs
6.2 × 107 J of heat per hour, the amount of heat wasted per
(a) (b)
hour is
(a) 6.95 × 107 J (b) 5.25 × 107 J
(c) 8.55 × 107 J (d) 9.55 × 107 J

24. A thermodynamic process is carried out from an original state

D to an intermediate state E by the linear process shown in
figure (c) (d)
The total work is done by the gas from D to E to F is
30. Pressure P, volume V and temperature T for a certain gas are
AT  BT 2
related by P = , where A and B are constants.
V
The work done by the gas as its temperature change from T 1
to T2 while pressure remaining constant is
(a) 100 J (b) 800 J (c) 300 J (d) 250 J (a) A – (T2 – T1) (b) A(T2 – T1) – B(T22 – T12)
(c) (T22 – T12) – (T23 – T13) (d) A(T2 – T1)2 – (T2 – T1)3
25. If an ideal gas undergoes isothermal process from some
initial state i to the f, then the change in internal energy during
this process is
31. 1 g mole of an ideal gas at STP is subjected of a reversible
adiabatic expression to double its volume. The change in
internal energy (  = 1.4)
(a) 1169 J (b) 769 J (c) 1373 J (d) 969 K

32. An ideal gas at pressure P is adiabatically compressed so that (a) 200Rln2 (b) 100Rln2 (c) 300Rln2 (d) 400Rln2
its density becomes n times the initial value. The final
pressure of the gas will be 39. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupy a volume
(b) (n –  )P

(a) n P 2V at temperature 300 K, it expands to a volume 4V

(c) n( – 1)P 
(d) n(1 – )P adiabatically, then the final temperature of gas is
(a) 179 K (b) 189 K (c) 199 K (d) 219 K
33. During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does –
150 J of work against its surroundings. This implies that 40. The given P-V diagram expansion of gas. Which one of the
(a) 150 J of heat has been removed from the gas following statement is true?
(b) 300 J of heat has been added to the gas
(c) No heat is transferred because the process is Isothermal
(d) 150 J of heat has been added to the gas

34. The work done in adiabatic process is given by

nR T1  T2  nR T1  T2  (a) A is isothermal and B adiabatic process
(a) (b) (b) A is adiabatic and B isothermal process
  1 (c) Both isothermal process
 T1  T2 R (d) Both adiabatic process
(c) ng(T1 – T2)R (d)
n
41. The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas is increased from
T to 4T through a process for which pressure P = aT –1 where
a is a constant. Then, the work done by the gas is
35. Which of the following P-V diagram represent the graph of (a) nRT (b) 4nRT (c) 2nRT (d) 6Nrt
isometric process ?
42. The pressure P1 and density d1 of a diatomic gas (  = 7/5)
d2
change to P2 and d2 during an adiabatic operation. If = 32,
d1
(a) (b)
P2
then is
P1
(a) 76 (b) 128 (c) 168 (d) 298

(c) (d)
43. The fall in temperature of helium gas initially at 20°C when it
is suddenly expanded to 8 times its original volume is
36. A gas expands with temperature according to the relation
 5
V = KT2/3. Work done when the temperature changes by 60 K   
is  3
(a) 0 R (b) 30 R (c) 40 R (d) 20 R (a) 70.25 K (b) 71.25 K (c) 72.25 K (d) 73.25 K

44. In the question number 72, the heat exchanged by the engine
37. Match the column I with column II with the surroundings for path D to A is (at constant pressure)
Type of processes Features 5 5
(a) P (V – V ) (b) P (V – V )
(A) Isothermal (p)  Q = 0 2 A D A 2 A A D
(B) Isobaric (q) Volume constant
(C) Isochoric (r) Pressure constant
3 1
(c) P (V – V ) (d) P (V – V )
(D) Adiabatic (s) Temperature constant 2 A D A 2 A D A
(a)(A)-(s), (B)-(r), (C)-(q), (D)-(p)
(b)(A)-(p), (B)-(s), (C)-(r), (D)-(q)
(c)(A)-(q), (B)-(r), (C)-(p), (D)-(s)
(d) (A)-(r), (B)-(p), (C)-(q), (D)-(s) 45. A one mole of an ideal gas expands adiabatically at constant
1
pressure such that its temperature T  The value of
38. Two moles of helium gas undergo a cyclic process as shown V
in figure. Assuming the gas to be ideal, the net work done by the adiabatic constant of gas is
the gas is (a) 1.3 (b) 1.5 (c) 1.67 (d) 2.0
46. A Carnot cycle has the reversible processes in which of the
following order.
(a)Isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal
compression and adiabatic compression
(b) Isothermal compression, adiabatic expansion, isothermal
expansion and adiabatic compression
(c) Isothermal expansion, adiabatic compression, isothermal
compression and adiabatic expansion
(d) Adiabatic expansion, isothermal expansion adiabatic
compression and isothermal compression. (i) Q1 > Q2 > 0 (ii) Q2 > Q1 > 0
(iii) Q2 < Q1 < 0 (iv) Q1 < 0, Q2 > 0
47. The conclusion of second law of thermodynamics is that (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(a) No heat engine can have efficiency  equal to zero. (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
(b) No heat engine can have efficiency  equal to one.
(c) No heat engine can have efficiency  greater than one. 56. A process is said to be reversible if
(d) No heat engine can have efficiency  less than one. (a) The system return to their original states
(b)The surroundings return to their original states
(c) Both the system as well as the surroundings return to their
48. An engine has an efficiency of 0.25 when temperature of sink original states
is reduced by 58°C, if its efficiency is doubled, then the (d) Neither system nor surroundings return to their original
temperature of the source is states
(a) 150°C (b) 222°C (c) 242°C (d) 232°C
57. A Carnot’s cycle operating between T 1 = 600 K and T2 = 300
49. Consider a Carnot cycle operating between source
temperature 750 K and sink temperature 350 K producing K producing 1.5 kJ of mechanical work per cycle. The heat
1.25 kJ of mechanical work per cycle, the heat transferred to transferred to the engine by the reservoirs
the engine by the reservoirs (a) 2.5 kJ (b) 3 kJ (c) 3.5 kJ (d) 4 kJ
(a) 1.34 kJ (b) 2.34 kJ (c) 3.34 kJ (d) 4.34 kJ
58. If a carnot engine is working between steam point and ice
50. A heat engine has an efficiency  . Temperatures of source point, then its efficiency will be
(a) 24.9 % (b) 25.7% (c) 26.8% (d) 28.8%
and sink are each decreased by 100 K. The efficiency of the
engine
(a) Increases (b) Decreases 59. Carnot engine is
(c) Remains constant (d) Becomes 1 (a) Reversible engine
(b) Operating between two temperature T1 (source) and T2
51. A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 7°C. The (sink) have maximum efficiency
coefficient of performance of refrigerator if room temperature (c) Consisting of two isothermal processes connected by two
is 38°C is adiabatic processes
(a) 15.5 (b) 16.3 (c) 20.1 (d) 9.03 (d) All of these

52. When the door of a refrigerator is kept open then the room 60. Air pressure in the tyers of a car during motion is
temperature starts (a) Increase (b) Decrease
(a) Cool down (c) Remain constant (d) First increase then decrease
(b) Hot up
(c) First cool down then hot up 61. A Carnot engine whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat from
(d) Neither cool down nor hot up a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K. It is desired to
have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the intake
53. If the co-efficient of performance of a refrigerator is 5 and temperature for the same exhaust (sink) temperature must be
operates at the room temperature 27°C, the temperature inside (a) 1200 K (b) 750 K (c) 600 K (d) 800 K
the refrigerator is
(a)240 K (b) 250 K (c) 230 K 62. An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the
(d) 260 K
same initial state as sown in P-V diagram. Four processes are
54. The coefficient of performance of refrigerator, whose adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric.
efficiency is 25% is
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7

55. Consider a heat engine as shown in figure Q1 and Q2 are heat

added to heat bath T1 and heat taken from T2 in one cycle of
Out of 1, 2, 3 and 4 which one is adiabatic ?
engine. W is the mechanical work done on the engine. If W > (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
0, then possibilities are
63. If an average person jogs, he produces 14.5 × 10 4 cal min–1. M1T1s  M 2 T2s  M 3T3s
This is removed by the evaporation of sweat. The amount of (d) T =
sweat evaporated per minute (assuming 1 kg requires 580 × M1  M 2  M 3
3
10 cal for evaporation) is
(a) 0.25 kg (b) 2.25 kg (c) 0.05 kg (d) 0.20 kg 68. When the state of a gas adiabatically changed from an
equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B, an amount
64. Consider P-V diagram for an ideal gas shown in figure. of work done on the system is 35 J. If the gas is taken from
state A to B via process in which the net heat absorbed by the
system is 12 cal, then the net work done by the system is (1
cal = 4.19 J)
(a) 13.2 J (b) 15.4 J (c) 12.6 J (d) 16.8 J

Out of the following diagrams, which represents the T-P 69. The specific heat of air at constant volume is 0.172 Cal g –1
diagram? °C–1. The change in internal energy when 5 g of air is heated
from 0° C of 4°C at constant volume is
(a) 28.8 J (b) 14.4 J (c) 7.2 J (d) 3.51 J

70. 1 kg of water is heated from 40°C to 70°C, if its volume

(i) (ii)
remains constant, then the change in internal energy is
(specific heat of water = 4148 J kg–1 K–1)
(a) 2.44 × 105 J (b) 1.62 × 105 J
5
(c) 1.24 × 10 J (d) 2.62 × 105 J
(iii) (iv)
(a) (iv) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) 71. In changing the state of a gas adiabatically from an
(d) (i)
equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B an amount
65. An ideal gas undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in of work equal to 22.3 J is done on the system. If the gas is
given P-V diagram. The amount of work done by the gas is taken from state A to B via a process in which the net heat
abosorbed by the system is 9.35 cal then the net work done by
the system in latter case is
(Take 1 cal = 4.2 J)
(a) 15 J (b) 16 J (c) 17 J (d) 18 J

72. A system goes from A to B by two different paths in the P-V

diagram as shown in figure.
Heat given to the system in path 1 is 1100 J, the work done by
(a) 6 P0V0 (b) –2P0V0 (c) +2 P0V0 (d) +4P0V0 the system along path 1 is more than path 2 by 150 J. The heat
exchanged by the system in path 2 is.
66. Consider two containers A and B containing identical gases at
the same pressure, volume and temperature. The gas in
container A is compressed to half of its original volume
isothermally while the gas in container B is compressed to
half of its original value adiabatically. The ratio of final (a) 800 J (b) 750 J (c) 1050 J (d) 950 J
pressure of gas in B to that of gas in A is
 1 2 2
 1  1   1 73. A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 4 litre per minute
(a) 2 –1 (b)   (c)   (d)  from 30°C to 80°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner
2 1     1  then the amount of heat used per minute is
(a) 9.24 × 105 J (b) 6.24 × 107 J
7
67. Three copper blocks of masses M1, M2 and M3 kg (c) 9.24 × 10 J (d) 6.24 × 105 J
respectively are brought into thermal contact till they reach
equilibrium. Before contact, they were at T 1, T2, T3 74. The amount of heat supplied to 4 × 10–2 kg of nitrogen at
(T1 > T2 > T3). Assuming there is no heat loss to the room temperature to rise its temperature by 50° C at constant
pressure is (Molecular mass of nitrogen is 28 and R = 8.3 J
surroundings, the equilibrium temperature T is (s is specific
heat of copper) mol–1 K–1)
(a) 2.08 Kj (b) 3.08 kJ (c) 4.08 kJ (d) 65.37 J
T  T2  T3
(a) T = 1
3 75. What amount of heat must be supplied to 35 g of oxygen at
M1T1  M 2 T2  M 3T3 room temperature to raise its temperature by 80°C at constant
(b) T =
M1  M 2  M 3 volume (molecular mass of oxygen is 32 and
R = 8.3 J mol–1 k–1)
M1T1  M 2 T2  M 3T3 (a) 1.52 kJ (b) 3.23 kJ (c) 1.81 kJ (d) 1.62 Kj
(c) T =
3(M1  M 2  M 3 )
76. A heat insulating cylinder with a movable piston contains 5
moles of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure if the
gas is compressed to quarter of its original volume them the
pressure of the gas is increased by (  = 1.4)
(a) (2)1.4 (b) (3)1.4 (c) (4)1.4 (d) (5)1.4

77. One of an ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCDA as

shown in the P-V diagram, the net work done in the process is (a)
3
PB  PA VA (b)
5
P (V – V )
work done in the process is (1 atm = 10 6 dyne cm–2) 2 2 A A B
1
(c) (PA – PB)(VA – VB) (d) Zero
2

83. 1 mole of an ideal gas in a cylindrical container have the P-V

diagram as shown in figure. If V2 = 4V1, then the ratio of
(a) 500 J (b) 700 J (c) 800 J (d) 900 J T1
temperatures will be
T2
78. A person of mass 70 kg wants to lose 5 kg by going up and
down a 10 m high stairs. He burns twice as much fat while
going up than coming down. If 1 kg is burnt on expending
7000 kilocalories, the number of times he must go up and
down to reduce his weight by 4 kg is
(a) 1000 (b) 5600 (c) 22400 (d) 11200

th
1 1 1 3 3
79. A monoatomic gas is compressed adiabatically to of its (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4 2 4
original volume, the final pressure of gas in terms of initial
pressure P is 84. The initial state of certain gas is (PiViTi). It undergoes
(a) 7.08 P (b) 8.08 P (c) 9.08 P (d) 10.08 P
expansion till its volume becomes Vf at constant temperature
80. If at 60°C and 80 cm of mercury pressure, a definite mass of a T. The correct plot of P-V diagram for it is
gas is compressed slowly, then the final pressure of the gas if
the final volume is half of the initial volume (  = 3/2) is
(a) 120 cm of Hg (b) 140 cm of Hg
(c) 160 cm of Hg (d) 180 cm of Hg

81. The P-V diagram of path followed by one mole of perfect gas (a) (b)
in a cylindrical container is shown in figure, the work done
when the gas is taken from state A to state B is

(c) (d)

85. Consider a cycle followed by an engine as shown in figure 1

 V2   V1  to 2 is isothermal 2 to 3 is adiabatic 3 to 1 is adiabatic Such a
(a) 2P2V1 1   (b) 2P1V1 1   process does not exist because
 V1   V2 
 V1   V1 
(c) 2P1V2  1 (d) 2P2V2 1  
 V2   V2 

(a) Heat is completely converted to mechanical energy in such

82. The cycle in the figure followed by an engine made of an a process, which is not possible.
ideal gas in a cylinder with a piston, the heat exchanged by (b) Mechanical energy is completely converted to heat in this
the engine with the surroundings for adiabatic section AB of process, which is not possible.
 3  (c) Curves representing two adiabatic processes can intersect.
the cycle is.  C V  R (d) Curves representing an adiabatic process and an
 2  isothermal process don’t intersect.
86. The cycle is shown in figure is followed by an engine made of
one mole of perfect gas in a cylinder with a piston. The
processes A to B and C to D are isochoric whereas process B
to C and D to A are adiabatic, the work done by the engine in
one cycle is 1
(a) (PB – PA)VA (b) (P – P )V
2 B A A
3 5
(c) (P – P )V (d) (PB – PA)VA
2 B A A 2

90. 1 mole of gas expands isothermally at 37°C. The amount of

heat is absorbed by it until its volume doubled is (R = 8.31 J
mol–1 K–1)
(VA = VB = V, VC = VD = 2V and g = 5/3) (a) 411.25 cal (b) 418.50 cal
(c) 420.25 cal (d) 425.40 cal
3
(a) [1 – 43/2](PB – PA)V (b) [1 – 32/3](PB – PA)V
2 91. Two different adiabatic parts for the same gas intersect two
3 5 isothermals at T1 and T2 as shown in P-V diagram. Then the
(c) [1 – 2–2/3](PB – PA)V (d) [1 – 2–2/3](PB – PA)V
2 2 Va
ratio of will be
Vb
87. A cyclic process for 1 mole of an ideal gas is shown in the V-
T diagram. The work done in AB, BC and CA respectively
are

Vc Vd Vd 1 Vd
V  (a) (b) (c)  (d)
(a) 0, RT1ln  1  , R(T1 – T2)
Vd Vc Vc  Vc
 V2 
V  92. If an ideal gas at 27°C is compressed suddenly to one fourth
(b) R, (T1 – T2)R, RT1ln  1  of its initial volume, then rise in its temperature is (  = 7/5)
 V2  (a) 222.33 K (b) 233.33 K
(c) 244.33 K (d) 255.33 K
 V2 
(c) 0, RT2ln   , (V1 – V2)
 V1  93. If a steam engine delivers 6.0 × 108 J of work per minute and
absorbs 5.4 × 109 J of heat per minute from its boiler then
 V1 
(d) 0, RT2ln   , R(T1 – T2) efficiency of the engine is
 V2  (a) 11% (b) 12% (c) 13% (d)14%

88. The heat absorbed by the system in going through the cyclic 94. In a heat engine, the temperature of the source5 of sink are 500
process as sown in figure is K and 375 K. If the engine consumes 25 × 10 J per cycle, the
work done per cycle is
(a) 6.25 × 105 J (b) 3 × 105 J
(c) 2.19 × 105 J (d) 4 × 104 J

95. Which of the following processes described below is

irreversible?
(a) The increase in temperature of an iron rod by hammering
it.
(b) A gas in a small container at a temperature T 1 is brought
(a) 30.4 J (b) 31.4 J (c) 32.4 J (d) 33.4 J
in contact with a big reservoir at a higher temperature T 2
which increases the temperature of the gas.
89. A cycle followed by an engine (made of one mole of an ideal (c) An ideal gas is enclosed in a piston cylinder arrangement
gas in a cylinder with a piston) is shown in figure. with adiabatic walls.
The heat exchanged by the engine with the surroundings at (d) All of above
3
constant volume is (Take CV = R)
2
96. A carnot engine takes 900 kcal of heat from a reservoir at 103. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles of
723°C and exhausts it to a sink at 30°C. The work done by the argon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes the
engine is total internal energy of the system is:
(a) 2.73 × 106 Cal (b) 3.73 × 106 Cal (a) 4RT (b) 15RT
(c) 6.27 × 105 Cal (d) 3.73 × 105 Cal (c) 9RT (d) 11RT

97. A carnot engine absorbs 750 K of heat energy from a

reservoir at 137°C and rejects 500 J of heat during each cycle, 104. An ideal gas is filled in a closed rigid and thermally insulated
then the temperature of sink is
(a) 0.25°C (b) 0.34°C (c) 0.44°C (d) 0.54°C container. A coil of 100 resistor carrying current 1A for 5
minutes supplies heat to the gas. The change in internal
98. The efficiency of Carnot’s heat engine is 0.5 when the energy of the gas is
temperature of the source is T 1 and that of sink is T2. The (a) 10 KJ (b) 20 KJ
(c) 30 KJ (d) 0 KJ
efficiency of another Carnot’s heat engine is also 0.5. The
temperature of source and sink of the second engine are
respectively
T 105. 300 calories of heat is supplied to raise the temperature of 50
(a) 2T1, 2T2 (b) 2T1, 2 gm of air from 20°C to 30°C without any change in its
2 volume. Change in internal energy per gram of air is
(c) T1 + 5, T2 – 5 (d) T1 + 10, T2 – 10
(a) zero (b) 0.6 calories
2E (c) 1.2 calories (d) 6.0 calories
99. The pressure of an ideal gas is written as P = . Here E
3V
refers to

(a) translatioal kinetic energy 106. Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with
uniform speed. The temperature of the gas molecules inside
(b) rotational kinetic energy
will :
(c) vibrational kinetic energy
(d) total kinetic energy. (a) increase
(b) decrease
(c) remain same
100. Which of the following quantities is the same for all ideal (d) decrease for some, while increase for others
gases at the same temperature ?
107. According to law of equal distribution of energy the mean
(a) the kinetic energy of 1 mole
energy of a molecule per degree of freedom is :
(b) the kinetic energy of 1 g
(c) the number of molecules in 1 mole
(d) the number of molecules in 1 g 1
(a) KT (b) KT
2
3 5
(c) KT (d) KT
101. The internal energy of a mono-atomic gas is - 2 2

5RT 3RT
(a) (b)
2 2 108. Which of the following statements is correct for any
5RT 7RT thermodynamic system?
(c) (d) (a) The internal energy changes in all processes
3 3
(b) Internal energy and entropy are state functions
(c) The change in entropy can never be zero
(d) The work done in an adiabatic process is always
102. The change in internal energy, when a gas is cooled from
927ºC to 27ºC is zero

(a) 100% (b) 200%

(c) 75% (d) 400% 109. A system goes from A to B via two processes  and  as
shown in figure. If U1 and U2 are the changes in internal
energies in the processes  and  respectively, then :
 (c) (d)
(a) positive in all cases from (a) to (d)
(b) positive in cases (a), (b) and (c) but zero in case
(d)
(a) U1 = U2 (c) negative in cases (a), (b) and (c) but zero in case
(b) relation between U1 and U2 cannot be (d)
(d) zero in all the four cases.
determined
(c) U2 > U1
113. An ideal gas changes from state a to state b as shown in Fig.
(d) U2 < U1 What is the work done by the gas in the process ?

110. Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases are placed on
a table. Box A contains one mole of nitrogen at temperature
To, while box B contains one mole of helium at temperature
(7/3)To. The boxes are then put into thermal contact with each
other, and heat flows between them until the gases reach a
common final temperature. (Ignore the heat capacity of
boxes). Then, the final temperature of the gases, T f in terms of (a) zero (b) positive
T0 is : (c) negative (d) infinite
3 7
(a) Tf  T0 (b) Tf  T0
7 3
3 5 114. The process U = 0, for an ideal gas can be best represented
(c) Tf  T0 (d) Tf  T0
2 2 in the form of a graph :
111. An insulated container of gas has two chambers separated by A
P
an insulating partition. One of the chambers has volume V1
and contains ideal gas at pressure p1 and temperature T1. The
other chamber has volume V2 and contains ideal gas at B
pressure p2 and temperature T2. If the partition is removed (a) (b) V

without doing any work on the gas, the final equilibrium

temperature of the gas in the container will be -

T1T2 (p1V1  p2 V2 ) p1V1T1  p2 V2T2

(a) (b) (c) (d)
p1V1T2  p2 V2 T1 p1V1  p2 V2
p1V1T2  p2 V2T1 T1T2 (p1V1  p2 V2 )
(c) (d) 115. In the following V-T diagram what is the relation between P1
p1V1  p2 V2 p1V1T1  p2 V2 T2
and P2 :
112. In the following figures (a) to (d), variation of volume by
change of pressure is shown. A gas is taken along the path
ABCDA. The change in internal energy of the gas will be:

(a) P2 = P1
(a) (b)
(b) P2 > P1
(c) P2 < P1
 (d) cannot be predicted 119. A fixed mass of gas undergoes the cycle of changes
represented by PQRSP as shown in Figure. In some of the
116. In the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. Select wrong changes, work is done on the gas and in others, work is done
statement: by the gas. In which pair of the changes work is done on the
gas?
(a) there is no change in the temperature of the gas
(b) there is no change in the internal energy of the
gas
(c) the work done by the gas is equal to the heat
supplied to the gas
(d) the work done by the gas is equal to the change
in its internal energy (a) PQ and RS (b) PQ and QR
(c) OR and RS (d) RS and SP.

117. In the cyclic process shown on the P – V diagram the 120. Consider two processes on a system as shown in fig. The
magnitude of the work done is : volumes in the initial states are the same in the two porcesses
P
and the volumes in the final states are also the same. Let W1
and W2 be the work done by the system in the processes A
P2
and B respectively.
P1

V
O V1 V2
2 2
P P   V  V1 
(a)   2 1  (b)   2 
 2   2 
 (a) W1>W2
(c) (P2 – P1) (V2 – V1) (d) (P2V2 – P1V1)
4 (b) W1 = W2
(c) W1<W2
118. A fixed mass of ideal gas undergoes changes of pressure and (d) Nothing can be said about the relation between
volume starting at L, as shown in Figure. W1 and W2

121. A mass of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal

compression. Its molecules will then have compared with
initial state, the same

(i) root mean square velocity

(ii) mean mometum
(iii) mean kinetic energy
Which of the following is correct : (a) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (b) (i), (ii) correct
Temperature/K

M (c) (ii), (iii) correct (d) (i) correct

N

L
122. Find work done by the gas in the process shown in figure :
(a) (b) volume

(c) (d)
 5 5 (a) zero (b) 20 joule
(a)  atm L (b) atm L
2 2 (c) –20 joule (d) 60 joule
3 5
(c) –  atm L (d) –  atm L
2 4
127. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A  B  C  A as
shown in the fig. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the
123. The work done in the following figure is - cycle is 5 J,the work done by the gas in the process C  A is
:
5 A B
10
P
2
N/m
3 3
1m 3 2m
Vm
(a) 2 × 105 joule (b) 105 joule
(c) zero (d) 3 × 105 joule
(a) – 5 J (b) – 10 J
(c) – 15 J (d) – 20 J

124. The net amount of the work done in the following indicator
128. The work done by a gas taken through the closed process
diagram is -
ABCA, see figure is

P 1 2

V
(a) zero (b) positive
(c) negative (d) infinite

(a) 6P0V0 (b) 4P0V0

125. An ideal gas is taken via paths AB, BC and CA as shown in (c) P0V0 (d) zero
fig. The net work done in the whole cycle is-

P 129. A system is given 400 calories of heat and 1000 joule of work
C is done by the system, then the change in internal energy of
4P1
the system will be -

(a) 680 joule (b) 680 erg

P1 B
A
v (c) 860 joule (d) – 860 joule
v1 3v1
(a) 3P1V1 (b) –3P1V1
(c) 6P1V1 (d) 12P1V1 130. If AB and CD are isothermals and AD and BC are adiabatics
(see fig.) then the temperatures of

126. In the indicator diagram shown, the work done along path AB A B
is - P

P D C
40 C
V
30 (a) B and C are same
2
(N/m ) 20 (b) A and C are same
A B
(c) B and D are same
10
(d) Temperature of A is more than that of D
O V
1.0 2.0 3.0
3
(m )
131. Ideal gas is taken through process shown in figure: 137. If Q, E and W denote respectively the heat added, change in
internal energy and the work done in a closed cycle process,
then
(a) W = 0 (b) Q = W = 0
(c) E = 0 (d) Q = 0

(a) In process AB, work done by system is positive 138. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first law of
(b) In process AB, heat is rejected out of the system. thermodynamics?
(c) In process AB, internal energy increases (a) It is not applicable to any cycle process
(d) In process AB internal energy decreases and in (b) It is a restatement of the principle of
process BC internal energy increases. conservation of energy
(c) It introduces the concept of the internal energy
(d) It introduces the concept of the entropy
132. If heat is supplied to an ideal gas in an isothermal process,

139. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the path iaf, it is
(a) the internal energy of the gas will increase found that Q = 50 cal and W = 20 cal. Along the path ibf Q = 36 cal.
(b) the gas will do positive work W along the path ibf is :
(c) the gas will do negative work
P

(d) the said process is not possible

133. A system can be taken from the initial state p1, V1 to the final
state p2, V2 by two different methods. Let Q and W
V
represent the heat given to the system and the work done by
(a) 6 cal (b) 16 cal
the system. Which of the following must be the same in both
(c) 66 cal (d) 14 cal
the methods ?
(a) Q (b) W
(c) Q + W (d) Q - W
140. A gas is contained in a metallic cylinder fitted with a piston.
The piston is suddenly moved in to compress the gas and is
134. In changing the state of a system from state A to state B maintained at this position. As time passes, after this pressure
adiabatically the work done on the system is 322 joule. If 100 of the gas in the cylinder
calories of heat are given to the system in bringing it from
(a) increases
state B to state A, then the work done on the system in this
process will be – (b) decreases
(a) 98 joule (b) 38.2 joule (c) remains constant
(c) 15.9 calorie (d) 15.9 joule (d) increases or decreases depending on the nature
of the gas.
135. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between
227ºC and 127ºC. It absorbs 6 kcal at the higher temperature.
The amount of heat (in kcal) converted into work is equal to : 141. Two sample A and B are initially kept in the same state. The
sample A is expanded through an adiabatic process and the
(a) 1.6 (b) 1.2 sample B through an isothermal process upto the same final
(c) 4.8 (d) 3.5 volume. The final pressures in A and B are p A and pB
respectively.
136. In a closed container of 44.8 litre, volume monoatomic gas at
NTP is filled up. Heat required to raise temperature by 10°C (a) pA > pB
will be : (b) p = p A B

(c) pA < pB
(a) R (b) 10R
(c) 20R (d) 30R (d) The relation between pA and pB cannot be
deduced.
 (i) there is no heat gained or lost by the gas
(ii) the work done by the gas is equal to change in
142. Let Ta and Tb be the final temperature of the samples A and B internal energy
respectively in the previous question then: (iii) the change in internal energy per mole of the
gase is Cv T, where Cv is the molar heat capacity at
(a) Ta < Tb
constnat volume.
(b) Ta = Tb
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (b) (i), (ii) correct
(c) Ta > Tb
(c) (i), (iii) correct (d) (i) correct
(d) The relation between Ta and Tb cannot be
deduced.
147. The adiabatic bulk modulus of hydrogen gas ( = 1.4) at NTP
is :
143. Let Wa and Wb be the work done by the systems A and B
(a) 1 × 105 N/m2 (b) 1 × 10–5 N/m2
respectively in the previous question
then : (c) 1.4 N/m2 (d) 1.4 × 105 N/m2

(a) Wa > Wb

(b) Wa = Wb 148. A given quantity of a gas is at pressure P and absolute
temperature T. The isothermal bulk modulus of the gas is:
(c) Wa < Wb
(d) The relation between Wa and Wb cannot be 2
(a) P (b) P
deduced 3
3
(c) P (d) 2P
2
144. Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in the Fig. for a given
amount of gas. The curves which represent adiabatic and
isothermal changes are 149. A and B are two adiabatic curves for two different gases.
Then A and B corresponds to :

(a) Ar and He respectively

(a) C and D respectively (b) He and H2 respectively
(b) D and C respectively
(c) O2 and H2 respectively
(c) A and B respectively
(d) H2 and He respectively
(d) B and A respectively

145. For a solid with a small expansion coefficient,

150. In a cyclic process shown in the figure an ideal gas is
adiabatically taken from B and A, the work done on the gas
(a) Cp - Cv = R during the process B  A is 30 J, when the gas is taken from
(b) Cp - Cv = R A  B the heat absorbed by the gas is 20 J. The change in
internal energy of the gas in the process A  B is :
(c) Cp is slightly greater than Cv
(d) Cp is slightly less than Cv

146. When an ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic change causing a

temparture change T
 expansion comperssion
constant pressure
(b) adiabatic isothermal
pressure reduction
expansion comperssion
constant volume
(a) 20 J (b) – 30 J (c) isothermal adiabatic
(c) 50 J (d) – 10 J comperssion at
comperssion expansion
151. An ideal gas is allowed to expand freely against a vacuum in constant pressure
a rigid insulated container. The gas undergoes: (d) adiabatic isothermal
comperssion at
(a) an increase in its internal energy
comperssion expansion
(b) a decrease in its internal energy
constant pressure
(c) neither an increase nor decrease in temperature
or internal energy
(d) an increase in temperature
155. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands
from volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The work done
by the gas is W1 if the process is isothermal, W2 if isobaric
152. For free expansion of a gas in an adiabatic container which of
and W3 if adiabatic, then :
the following is true ?
(a) W2> W1> W3 (b) W2> W3> W1
(a) Q = W = 0 and U = 0
(b) Q = 0, W > 0 and U = Q (c) W1> W2> W3 (d) W1> W3> W2
(c) W = 0, Q > 0 and U = Q
156. A gas is expanded from volume V0 to 2V0 under three
(d) W = 0, Q < 0 and U = 0
different processes. Process 1 is isobaric process, process 2 is
isothermal and process 3 is adiabatic. Let U1,U2 and U3
153. In an adiabatic process on a gas with  = 1.4, the pressure is
be the change in internal energy of the gas is these three
increased by 0.5%. The volume decreases by about
(a) 0.36% (b) 0.5% processes. Then :
(c) 0.7& (d) 1%

154. A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes the chage represented

by XYZX below (Fig.)

Which one of the following sets could describe

these of changes ?
Y (a) U1>U2>U3 (b) U1<U2<U3
(c) U2<U1<U3 (d) U2<U3<U1
Pressure

157. The molar heat capacity for the process shown in fig. is

O X Z
O Volume

XY YZ
ZX
(a) isothermal adiabatic (a) C = Cp (b) C = Cv
comperssion at (c) C > Cv (d) C = 0
 165. The pressure and volume of a diatomic gas are P and V
158. Find the amount of work done to increase the temperature of respectively. It is compressed suddenly to 1/32 of its initial
one mole of ideal gas by 30ºC. if it is expanding under the volume then its final pressure will be –
condition V  T (R = 8.31 J/mol - K) :
2/3 (a) 32 P (b) 128 P
(a) 16.62 J (b) 166.2 J (c) P/128 (d) P/32
(c) 1662 J (d) 1.662 J

166. The work done by a gas in an adiabatic process depends on -

159. A gas undergoes a process in which its pressure P and volume
V are related as VPn = constant. The bulk modulus of the gas
(a) change in temperature
in the process is : (b) change in volume
(a) nP (b) P1/n (c) change in pressure
(c) P/n (d) Pn (d) change is heat

0.33
P 167. The volume of a gas is reduced to 1/4 of its initial volume
160. V = k   where k is constant. It is a,
T adiabatically at 27ºC. The final temperature of gas will be, if
 = 1.4 -
(a) isothermal process (b) adiabatic process
(c) isochoric process (d) isobaric process (a) 300 × (d)0.4 K (b) 100 × (d)0.4 K
(c) 27 × (d)0.4 K (d) 300 × (1/4)0.4 K

dP
161. For adiabatic process of an ideal gas the value of is equal
P 168. 1 m3 of a gas is compressed suddenly at atmospheric pressure
to – and temperature 27ºC such that its temperature becomes
dV V 627ºC. The final pressure of gas will be ( = 1.5)-
(a)  (b) 
V dV (a) 27 × 106 N/m2 (b) 7.2 × 105 N/m2
dV dV (c) 2.7 × 105 N/m2 (d) 27 × 105 N/m2
(c) (d)  2
V V
169. If 1 kg air ( = 1.4) is heated adiabatically from 0ºC to 10ºC
162. Isobaric modulus of elasticity is – then increase in its internal energy will be
(Cv = 0.172 cal/gmºC) –
(a)  (b) zero
Cp (a) 1720 joule (b) 7224 joule
(c) 1 (d) (c) 172 calorie (d) 7224 calorie
Cv

163. Two samples of a gas A and B initially at same temperature

170. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to
and pressure, are compressed to half their initial volume, A
be proportional to the cube of its absolute temperature. The
isothermally and B adiabatically. The final pressure in -
value of for the gas is -
(a) A and B will be same
5 7
(b) A will be more than in B (a) (b)
3 5
(c) A will be less than in B
3 11
(d) A will be double that in B (c) (d)
2 9

164. The isothermal bulk modulus of elasticity of a gas is 1.5 × 10 5

171. 5.6 liter of helium gas at STP is adiabatically compressed to
N/m2. Its adiabatic bulk modulus of elasticity will be if  = 1.4
0.7 liter. Taking the initial temperature to be T 1, the work
–
(a) 1.5 × 105 N/m2 (b) 3 × 105 N/m2 done in the process is :
(c) 2.1 × 105 N/m2 (d) 
9 3
(a) RT1 (b) RT1
8 2
15 9
(c) RT1 (d) RT1
8 2
 178. A Carnot engine works between 600 K and 300 K. In each
cycle of operations, the engine draws 1000joule of energy
172. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT 2 = constant. The from the source at 600 K. The efficiency of the engine is –
coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is (a) 20% (b) 50%
(c) 70% (d) 90%
1 2
(a) (b)
T T
179. A Carnot engine works between ice point and steam point. Its
3 4
(c) (d) efficiency will be -
T T
(a) 26.81 % (b) 53.36 %
(c) 71.23 % (d) 85.42 %
173. One mole of an ideal gas at an initial temperature of T K does
6R joules of work adiabatically. If the ratio of specific heats
of this gas at constant pressure and at constant volume is 5/3,
180. A Cannot engine works between 200ºC and 0ºC. Another
the final temperature of gas will be :
Carnot engine works between 0ºC and –200ºC. In both cases
(a) (T + 2.4) K (b) (T – 2.4) K
(c) (T + 4) K (d) (T – 4) K the working substance absorbs 4 kilocalories of heat from the
source. The efficiency of first engine will be –
100 200
(a) (b)
174. The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion. 473 473
The percentage decrease in its pressure will be – 200 273
(c) (d)
(a) 5% (b) 6% 273 373
(c) 7% (d) 8%

181. The efficiency of Carnot engine is 50% and temperature of

175. The change in internal energy of two moles of a gas during sink is 500 K. If the temperature of source is kept constant
adiabatic expansion is found to be –100 joule.The work done and its efficiency is to be raised to 60%; then the required
during the process is – temperature of the sink will be :

(a) 100 joule (b) –100 joule (a) 600 K (b) 500 K
(c) zero (d) 200 joule (c) 400 K (d) 100 K

176. Starting the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from 182. Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because we
volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The work done by cannot :
(a) prevent radiation
the gas is W1 if the process is purely isothermal, W 2 if purely
(b) find ideal sources
isobaric and W3 if purely adiabatic. Then: (c) reach absolute zero temperature
(a) W > W > W (b) W > W > W (d) eliminate friction
2 1 3 2 3 1
(c) W1 > W2 > W3 (d) W1 > W3 > W2

183. "Heat cannot be itself flow from a body at lower temperature

to a body at higher temperature” is a statement or
177. An ideal gas initially at a state (P 1, V1) is allowed to expand
consequence of :
isothermally to a state (P2, V2). Then the gas is compressed
adiabatically to its initial volume V1. Let the final pressure be (a) second law of thermodynamics
P3 and the work done by the gas during the whole process be (b) conservation of momentum
W, then (c) conservation of mass
(d) first law of thermodynamics
(a) P3 > P1 and W < 0
(b) P3 > P1 and W > 0 184. A Carnot engine takes 3 × 10 6 cal of heat from a reservoir at
(c) P3 < P1 and W > 0 627ºC and gives it to a sink at 27ºC. The work done by the
(d) P3 < P1 and W < 0 engine is :
(a) 4.2 × 106 J (b) 8.4 × 106 J
6
(c) 16.8 × 10 J (d) zero
185. In a Carnot engine, low temperature of reservoir (sink) is 7°C. 1 2
(c) (d)
Its efficiency is 50%. To increase efficiency to 70% by how 3 3
much temperature of source is to be raised, keeping the
temperature of sink constant.
191. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of  = 1/10 as heat
engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
(a) 840 K (b) 280 K
(c) 560 K (d) 373 K system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the
reservoir at lower temperature is
(a) 99 J (b) 90 J
(c) 1 J (d) 100 J
186. Which statement is incorrect ?

(a) All reversible cycles have same efficiency

192. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one
(b) Reversible cycle has more efficiency than an
kilo mole of a gas adiabatically and in this process the
irreversible one temperature of the gas increases by 7 oC. The gas is
(c) Carnot cycle is a reversible one
(d) Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all (R = 8.3 J mol-1 K-1)
cycles (a) diatomic
(b) triatomic
(c) mixture of monoatomic and diatomic
187. An ideal gas heat engine operates in Cannot cycle between
227ºC and 127ºC. It absorbs 6 × 10 4cal of heat at higher (d) monoatomic
temperature. Amount of heat converted to work is :
(a) 2.4 × 104cal (b) 6 × 104cal
(c) 1.2 × 104cal (d) 4.8 × 104cal
193. A Carnot working between 300K and 600K has work output
188. A Carnot engine whose sink is at 300 K has an efficiency of of 800 J per cycle. What is amount of heat energy supplied to
40% By how much should the temperature of source be the engine form source per cycle
increased so as to increase its efficiency by 50% of original
efficiency : (a) 1800 J/cycle (b) 1000 J/cycle
(a) 275 K (b) 325 K (c) 2000 J/cycle (d) 1600 J/cycle
(c) 250 K (d) 380 K

194. The coefficient of performance of a carnot refrigertor

1
189. An engine has an efficiency of . When the temperature of working between 30° C and 0° C is
6
sink is reduced by 62ºC, its efficiency is doubled. (a) 10 (b) 1
Temperature of the source is : (c) 9 (d) 0
(a) 124ºC (b) 37ºC
(c) 62ºC (d) 99ºC

190. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine cycle 195. If the door of a refrigerator is kept open then which of the
is given in the figure. Its efficiency is : following is ture

(a) Room is cooled

T (b) Room is heated
(c) Room is either cooled or heated
2T0 (d) Room is neither cooled nor heated

T0 196. An Ideal gas heat engine operated in a carnot's cycle

between 227° C and 127° C . It absorbs 6 × 10 4 J at high
temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is
S
S0 2S0
(a) 4.8 × 104 J (b) 3.5 × 104 J
1 1 (c) 1.6 × 104 J (d) 1.2 × 104 J
(a) (b)
2 4
 (c) remain same
(d) decrease if temperature is below 4ºC and
197. An ideal gas heat engine ,exhausting heat at 77° C has a 30% increase if temperature is equal to or more than 4ºC
efficiency. It must take heat at
(a) 127° C (b) 227 ° C
(c) 327° C (d) 673°C
205. An electric fan is switched on in a closed room. The air in the
room is
198. Efficiency of carnot engine is 100% if
(a) cooled
(a) T2 = 273 K (b) T2 = 0 K
(c) T1 = 273 K (d) T1 = 0 K
(b) heated
(c) maintains its temperature
199. The effciency of Carnot's engine operating between (d) heated or cooled depending on the atmospheric
reservoirs, maintained at temperatures 27° C and pressure
–123° C, is

(a) 50% (b) 24%

206. A heat engine employing a Carnot cycle with an efficiency of
(c) 0.75% (d) 0.4%
 = 10% is used as a refrigerating machine, the thermal
reservoirs being the same. The refrigerating efficiency  is
(a) 12 (b) 8
200. A Carnot engine operates between 227° C and 27°C. 1
Efficiency of the engine will be (c) (d) 9
10
1 2
(a) (b)
3 5
3 3 207. If AB is an isothermal, BC is an isochoric and
(c) (d)
4 5 AC is an adiabatic, which of the graphs correctly
represents given in figure?

201. A carnot engine has the same efficiency between 800 K to

500 K and x K ot 600 K. The value of x is (a) (b)
(a) 1000 K (b) 960 K
(c) 846K (d) 754 K

202. A scientist says that the efficiency of his heat engine which
operates at source temperature 127°C and sink temperature
27° C is 26% then

(a) It is impossible
(b) It is possible but less probable
(c) It is quite probable (c) (d)
(d) Data are incomplete ]

203. Efficiency of a carnot engine is 50% when temperature of

outlet is 500 K. In order to increase up to 60% keeping
temperature of intake the same what is temperature of outlet
(a) 200K (b) 400 K
(c) 600K (d) 800 K 208. Some ideal monoatomic gas A in an enclosure
has a pressure P and the temperature T. Another
ideal monoatomic gas B enclosed in a container of
204. If an ideal flask containing hot coffee is shaken, the the same volume has a pressure 2P and the
temperature of the coffee will : T
temperature . The ratio of the average kinetic
2
(a) decrease energy per molecule of gas A to gas B is
(b) increase (a)4 :1 (b)2 : 1
 (c)1 :2 (d) 1 : 4 215. An ideal gas undergoes the cyclic process
abcaas shown in the figure. The internal energy
209. The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas is change of the gas along the path ca is -180 J. The
increased from T to 4T through a process for gas absorb 250 J of heat along the path ab and
which pressure P = aT-l, where a is a constant. The also absorbs 60 J of heat along the path be. Find
work done by the gas is the work done by the gas along the path abc
(a)nRT (b)4nRT
(c)2nRT (d)6nRT

210. An ideal gas expands isothermally from volume

V1to V1and then it is adiabatically compressed
back to its original volume Vi. The initial and final
pressures of the gas are PL and PSrespectively and
the net work done by the gas is W, then
(a) P3>P1, W >0 (b) P3<P1, W <0
(a)130 J (b) 140 J
(c) P3>P1, W <0 (d) P3 = P1, W = 0
(c) 120 J (d)100 J
211. A monoatomic gas of molar mass MOis filled into
216. A fixed mass of oxygen gas performs a cyclic
an insulated container which is moving along a
process ABC A as shown in the figure. Efficiency of
horizontal surface with velocity a v. If the
the cycle will be
container is stopped suddenly, then the change in
temperature of the gas is
M 0v2 M 0v2
(a) (B)
2R 3R
2M 0 v 2 3M 0 v 2
(C) (D)
3R 2R

212. Three rods made from the same material and

having the same cross-sectional area, form the 3ln 3  2 3ln 4  2
(a) (b)
sides of an isosceles triangle ABC, right-angled at 5  3ln 3 4  5ln 3
B. The points A and B are maintained at 3ln 4  3 3ln 3  1
temperature T and 2T , respectively. In steady-
(c) (d)
4  5ln 3 6  3ln 4
state, the temperature of the point C is TC.
Assuming that only heat conduction takes place
217. The pressure P, volume V and temperature T of
T a certain material are related by the equation
along the lengths of the rods, the value of C is
T P  T 2 / V . The work done by the material at
1 2 constant pressure, when the temperature changes
(a) (b)

2 2 1  2 1 from T0to 2T0, is
(a) 3T02 (b) 5 T02
1 1
(c) (d) 2
3  2 1  2 1 (c)  T02
3
(d) 7T02

213. An inverted bell, lying at the bottom of lake 47. 6 218. An ideal monatomic gas is confined in a cylinder
m deep, has 50 cm3 of air trapped in it. The bell is by a spring-loaded massless piston of cross-
brought to the surface of the lake, then the volume section 8 x 10-3 m2. The piston can slide on the
of the trapped air will become [atmospheric walls of the cylinder without any friction. Initially,
pressure = 70 cm of Hg and density of Hg = 13. 6 g the gas is at 300 K and occupies a volume of 2 .4 x
cm-3] 10-3m3 and the spring is in its relaxed position.
(a) 600 cm 3 (b) 300 cm 3 Now, gas is slowly heated by a small electric
(c)250 cm3 (d)200 cm3 heater and the piston moves out slowly by 0.1 m.
Calculate the final temperature of the gas and the
heat supplied by the heater. The force constant of
214. In an adiabatic expansion, the volume of air is the spring is 8000 N/rn and atmospheric pressure
increased by 5%, then the approximate percentage is 1 x 105N/m2.
decrease in its pressure will be
(a) 5% (b) 6%
(c) 7% (d) 8%
 1
223. A Carnot engine efficiency is equal to . If the
7
temperature of the sink is reduced by 65 K, the
1
efficiency becomes . The temperature of the
4
(a)T2 = 600 K, Q = 680 J(b) T2= 800 K, Q = source and the sink in the first case are
600 J respectively
(c) T2- 600 K, Q = 720 J(d) T2- 800 K, Q = (a) 620 K, 520 K (b) 520 K, 606. 67 K
720 J (c)606. 67 K, 520 K (d) 520 K, 610 K

219. Temperature and volume curves are drawn for 224. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of  =
two thermodynamic processes. For the first 1/10 as a heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If
process, it is a straight line and for the second, it the work done on the system is 10 J, the amount
is a rectangular hyperbola. The ratio of work done of energy absorbed from the reservoir at a lower
in the first process to the work done in the second temperature is
process is (a) 99 J (b) 90 J
(c) 1 J (d)100 J

225. P - V plots for two gases during adiabatic

processes are shown in the figure. Plots 1 and 2
should correspond respectively to

(a)2:1 (b)3:l
(c)4:l (d)3:2

220. P - V diagram of a diatomic gas is a straight line

parallel to P-axis. The molar heat capacity of the
gas in the process will be (a)HeandO2 (b) O2and He
(a) 4R (b)2.5R (c)HeandAr (d) O2 and N2
4R
(c)3R (d)
3 226. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A  B 
C  A, as shown in the figure. If the net heat
221. n moles of an ideal gas undergoesa process A  supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 J, the work
B as shown in the diagram. The maximum done by the gas in the process C  A is
temperature of the gas during the process is

3 P0V0 9 P0V0
(a) (b) (a)-5J (b)-10J
2 nR 4 nR (c)-15J (d)-20J
9 P0V0 9P0V0
(c) (d)
2 nR nR 227. One mole of a diatomic gas undergoes a process
P0
222. One mole of oxygen gas is made to undergo a P , where P0and V0are constants.
1  V / V0 3 
process in which its molar heat capacity C  
depends on its absolute temperature T as C =  T, The translational kinetic energy of the gas when V
where  is a positive constant. Work done by the = V0is given by
gas when heated from an initial temperature T0to 5 P0V0 3 P0V0
a final temperature 2T0will be (a) (b)
4 2
3T0
(a) 4T02 (b)  T0  R  35 P0V0 5P V
2 (c) (d) 0 0
2 2
T0
(c)  3 T0  5 R  (d) none of these
2
228. A work of 146 kJ is performed on the gas, in 233. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas is taken
order to compress one kilomole of gas adiabatically through a process whose P - V diagram is shown
and in this process the temperature of the gas in the figure. The work done by the gas is
increases by 7 °C. The gas is (R = 8. 3 J mol-1K-1 )
(a)monoatomic (b) diatomic (c) triatomic
(d) a mixture of monoatomicand diatomic

229. Steam at 100 °C is passed into 1.1 kg of water

contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.
02 kg at 15 °C till the temperature of the  P0V0
calorimeter and its contents rise to 80°C. The (a)  PV
0 0  2 PV
0 0 (b)  P0V0
2
mass of the steam condensed in kg is
 PV
(a)0.130 (b)0.065 (c) 2 PV
0 0  2 PV
0 0 (d) 0 0
 PV
0 0
(c)0.260 (d) 0.200 2

230. In the given figure the area of the frictionless 234. The molar heat capacity of rock salt at low
piston is 1 m2 and it is being held in equilibrium temperatures varies with temperature according to
by an external force. Now the external force is T3
slowly removedand heat is supplied to the gas due Debye's law; C  k where k = 1940 J mol-1K-
3

L 1and  = 281 K. The heat required to raise the
to which the piston displaces by where L = 1m.
2 temperature of 2 moles of rock salt from 10 K to
The natural length of the ideal springs is L = 1 m. 50 K is
Spring constant is given as K = 100 N m-1. The (a) 800 J (b) 373 J
pressure of the gas in the final situation is (c) 273 J (d) 400 J

235. An ideal gas ( = 1.5) undergoes a

thermodynamic process in which the temperature
and pressure of the gas are related as T-1P2=
constant. The molar heat capacity of the gas
(a) 50 N m-2 (b) 100 N m-2 during the process is
(c) 200 N m-2 (d) 400 N m-2 3 4
(a) R (b) R
2 3
231. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes 5
a cyclic process as shown in the figure. If the (c) R (d) 3R
2
temperature of the gas at state 1 is 300 K and at
state 4 is 500 K, then heat exchanged during 236. An ideal Carnot's engine works between 227 °C
process 2  3, is and 57 °C. The efficiency of the engine will be
(a) 22% (b) 34%
(c) 55% (d) 13.5%

237. An ideal diatomic gas occupies a volume V1at a

pressure P1. The gas undergoes a process in which
the pressure is proportional to the volume. If at
the end of the process the R.M.S. speed of the gas
molecules has doubled its initial value, then the
heat supplied to the gas, in the given process, is
(a) 1000R (b) 600R (a)7P1V1 (b)8P1V1
(c) 750R (d)800R
(c)9P1V1 (d)10P1V1
232. A monatomic ideal gas sample is given heat Q.
One half of this heat is used as work done by the 238. The temperature of 5 moles of a gas at constant
gas and rest is used for increasing its internal volume is changed from 100 °C to 120 °C. The
energy. The equation of process in terms of volume change in internal energy is 80 J. The total heat
and temperature is capacity of the gas at constant volume (in J K-1) is
V2 V2 (a) 8 (b)4
(a) = constant (b) = constant (c) 0.8 (d) 0.4
T3 T
(c)VT3 = constant (d) V 2
T = constant 239. An ideal monoatomic gas undergoes an
expansion from state A to state B following a
process which is shown in the indicator diagram.
 If initially during the expansion, the gas was (c) 430 R ln 2 (d) 414 Rln 2
absorbing heat and later on it was rejecting heat,
then what was the volume of the gas when it 243. A Carnot engine is made to work between 200 °
started rejecting the heat? C and 0 ° C first and then between 0 ° C to -200 °
C. The ratio of efficiencies of the engine in the two
cases is
(a) l : 2 (b) l : 1
(c)1.73 : 1 (d)l : 1.73

244. Two gases occupy two containers A and B; the

gas in A, of volume 0.10 m3, exerts a pressure of 1.
3
(a) V  V0
8
(b) V  V0 40 MPa and that in B, of volume 0.15 m3, exerts a
2 5 pressure 0. 7 MPa. The two containers are joined
15 12 by a tube of negligible volume and the gases are
(c) V  V0 (d) V  V0 allowed to intermingle. Then if the temperature
8 7 remains constant, the final pressure in the
containers will be (in MPa)
240. A vertical closed cylinder is separated into two (a) 0. 90 (b)0. 98
parts by a frictionless piston of mass m and of (c)1.40 (d)2.10
negligible thickness. The piston is free to move
along the length of the cylinder. The length of the
o o
cylinder above piston is l1 , and that below the 245. When 2 mol of oxygen is heated from O C to 10 C at
constant volume, its internal energy changes by 420 J. What
piston is l2 , such that l1 > l2 . Each part of the is the molar specific heat of oxygen at constant volume?
cylinder contains n moles of an ideal gas at equal 1
temperature T. If the piston is stationary, its mass (a) 5.75JK mo11
m will be given by: (R is universal gas constant 1
(b) 10.5JK mo11
and g is the acceleration due to gravity)
1
rt  l1  3l2  nRT  l1  l2  (c) 21JK mol1
(a)   (b)   1
ng  l1l2  g  l1l2  (d) 42JK mo11
nRT  1 1  nRT  l1  l2 
(c)    (d)   246. Figure shows the P‐T graph of an ideal gas. If the density of
g  l2 l1  g  l1l2 
the gas in state A is  A , its density in state B is

241. The molar heat capacity C of an ideal gas in a

a
process is given by , where a is constant. If the
T
  1 
ratio a ln    RT0   is known for the gas, then
   1
the work done by one mole of gas during heating
from TOto77 TO through the same process will be
1   1 
(a) ln   (b) a ln    RT0  
a    1 2 3
(a) A (b) A
 1
(c) a ln       1 RT0 (d)   RT0
3 2
  1  3 4
(c)  A (d)  A
4 3
242. Diagram shows the variation of internal energy
(U) with the pressure (P) of 2. 0 mole gas in cyclic
process abcda. The temperature of gas at c and d 247. Steam at 100 C is added slowly to 1400 g of water at 16oC
are 300 K and 500 K, respectively. Calculate the until the temperature of water is raised to 80 C. The mass
heat absorbed by the gas during the process. of steam required to do this is  LV  540cal / g  :
(a) 160 g (b) 125 mg
(c) 250 g (d) 320 g

248. A Carnot engine works between 327 C and 27o C. The

efficiency of the engine is
(a) 60% (b) 50%
(a)440Rln 2 (b) 400 R ln 2
(c) 40% (d) 30%
255. Which of the statement is correct with reference to kinetic
249. Which of the following best represents qualitatively, the theory of gases?
Carnot cycle on a P‐T diagram? (a) There is no loss of total kinetic energy of the molecules of
the gas due to elastic collision.
(b) There is no potential energy associated with any molecule of
the gas.
(c) The molecules are moving randomly and obey the Newton’s
laws of motion.
(d) All of the above

256. Two rods A and B of different materials are welded together

as shown in the figure. If their thermal conductivities are k1
and k 2 , the thermal conductivity of the composite rod will
be

250. The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids A,

o
B and C are 12 C , 19oC and 28 o C , respectively. The
o
temperature when A and B are mixed is 16 C and when B
3
o
and C are mixed is 23 C . The temperature when A and C (a) 2  k1  k2  (b)  k1  k2 
are mixed, is 2

k  k  1
(d)  k1  k 2 
o o
(a) 18.2 C (b) 22 C (c) 1 j
o o 2
(c) 20.2 C (d) 25.2 C
257. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is
251. A Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat proportional to the cube of its absolute temperature. The
from a source maintained at a temperature of 500 K. It is
desired to have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the value of CP / Cv for that gas is
intake temperature, for the same exhaust (sink) temperature
3 4
must be (a) (b)
(a) Efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made larger than 50% 5 3
(b) 1200 K 5 3
(c) p (d)
(c) 750 K 3 2
(d) 600 K
258. Assertion: Radiation involves transfer of heat by
252. Two spheres A and B having radius 2m and 3m, electromagnetic waves.
respectively, are coated with carbon black on their outer Reason: Electromagnetic waves do not require any
surface. The wavelength corresponding to maximum material medium for propagation.
intensity is 600 nm and 900 nm, respectively. The ratio of (a) If both Assertion and Reason are True & the Reason is a
power radiated by them is correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) 2 (b) 2.25 (b) If both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is not a
(c) 1 (d) 2/3 correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
o (d) If both Assertion and Reason are False.
253. The temperature of a piece of metal is raised from 27 C to
o
51.2 C . The rate at which the metal radiates energy
increases nearly 259. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between
227 C and 127 C . It absorbs 6  10 J at high
o o 4
(a) 2 times (b) 4 times
temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is
(c) 8 times (d) 1.36 times
(a) 4.8  10 (b) 3.5  10
4 4
J J
(c) 1.6  10 (d) 1.5  10
o o 4 4
254. Two liquids are at temperatures 20 C and 40 C . When J J
same mass of both of them is mixed, the temperature of the
o
mixture is 32 C . What is the ratio of their specific heats?
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/5
(c) 3/2 (d) 2/3
 o
260. A Canot engine is made to work between 200 C and 0 o C
o o
first and then between 0 C and ‐200 C . The ratio of
efficiencies of the engine in the two cases is
(a) 1.73: 1 (b) 1 : 1.73
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2

o
261. The temperature of sink of Carnot engine is 27 C .
Efficiency of engine is 25%. Then temperature of source is
o o
(a) 227 C (b) 327 C
o o
(c) 127 C (d) 27 C

262. A Carnot engine used first an ideal monoatomic gas then an

ideal diatomic gas. If the source and sink temperature are
o o
411 C and 69 C , respectively and the engine extracts
1000 J of heat in each cycle, then area enclosed by the P‐V
diagram is
(a) 100 J (b) 300 J
(c) 500 J (d) 700 J

263. Efficiency of a Carnot engine is 50% when temperature of

outlet is 500 K. In order to increase
efficiency up to 60% keeping temperature of intake the
same what is temperature of outlet
(a) 200 K (b)400 K
(c) 600 K (d) 800 K

264. 1 mol of an ideal gas at STP is heated in an insulated closed

container until the average speed of its molecules is
doubled. Its pressure would therefore increase by factor
(a) 1.5 (b) 2
(c) 2 (d) 4