Flight Instructor- Chap 1 Aerodynamics

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1. Action of the ailerons moves the plane on its a 10. The angle between the chord line of the wing and the c
A. longitudinal axis. longitudinal axis of the aircraft is known as
B. vertical axis. A. dihedral.
C. lateral axis. B. the angle of attack.
2. Action of the elevators moves the plane on its b C. the angle of incidence.
A. longitudinal axis. 11. The angle of attack at which an airplane stalls b
B. lateral axis. A. varies with gross weight and density altitude.
C. vertical axis. B. remains constant regardless of gross weight.
3. Adverse yaw during a turn entry is caused by b C. increases with an increase in engine power.
A. increased induced drag on the lowered wing and 12. The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the c
decreased induced drag on the raised wing. A. angle of incidence of the wing.
B. decreased induced drag on the lowered wing and B. amount of airflow above and below the wing.
increased induced drag on the raised wing. C. distribution of positive and negative pressure acting
C. increased parasite drag on the raised wing and on the wing.
decreased parasite drag on the lowered wing. 13. As airspeed decreases in level flight, total drag of an a
4. An aircraft wing is designed to produce lift resulting from c aircraft becomes greater than the total drag produced at
A. a larger center of pressure above the wing's surface the maximum lift/drag speed because of the
and a lower center of pressure below the wing's surface. A. increase in induced drag.
B. negative air pressure below the wing's surface and B. increase in parasite drag.
positive air pressure above the wing's surface. C. decrease in induced drag.
C. positive air pressure below the wing's surface and 14. As airspeed increases in level flight, total drag of an c
negative air pressure above the wing's surface. aircraft becomes greater than the total drag produced at
5. An airplane has a normal stalling speed of 60 knots but is a the maximum lift/drag speed because of the
forced into an accelerated stall at twice that speed. What A. increase in induced drag.
maximum load factor will result from this maneuver? B. decrease in induced drag.
A. 4 G's. C. increase in parasite drag.
B. 2 G's. 15. As a result of gyroscopic precession, it can be said that a
C. 1 G. any
6. An airplane is usually affected by ground effect at what a A. yawing around the vertical axis results in a pitching
height above the surface? moment.
A. Less than half the airplane's wingspan above the B. pitching around the lateral axis results in a rolling
surface. moment.
B. Twice the airplane's wingspan above the surface. C. pitching around the longitudinal axis results in a
C. Three to four times the airplane's wingspan. yawing moment.
7. An airplane leaving ground effect will c 16. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the c
A. require a lower angle of attack to attain the same lift A. square of the chord to the wingspan.
coefficient. B. wingspan to the wing root.
B. experience a decrease in thrust required. C. wingspan to the mean chord.
C. experience a decrease in stability and a noseup 17. As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical c
change in moments. component of lift
8. An airplane would have a tendency to nose up and have a A. increases and the sink rate increases.
an inherent tendency to enter a stalled condition when B. increases and the sink rate decreases.
the center of pressure is C. decreases and the sink rate increases.
A. forward of the center of gravity. 18. At a constant velocity in airflow, a high aspect ratio wing a
B. aft of the center of gravity. will have (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing)
C. below the center of gravity. A. decreased drag, especially at a high angle of attack.
9. The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the b B. increased drag, especially at a high angle of attack.
relative wind is known as the angle of C. increased drag, especially at a low angle of attack.
A. lift. 19. Blade angle of a propeller is defined as the angle a
B. attack. between the
C. incidence. A. chord line and plane of rotation.
B. angle of attack and line of thrust.
C. angle of attack and chord line.
20. The capability of an aircraft to respond to a pilot's b 30. If an aircraft has negative dynamic and positive static a
inputs, especially with regard to flightpath and attitude, stability, this will result in
is A. divergent oscillations.
A. response. B. convergent oscillations.
B. controllability. C. undamped oscillations.
C. maneuverability. 31. If an airplane's gross weight is 3,250 pounds, what is the a
21. Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the b load acting on this airplane during a level 60° banked
aircraft's turn?
A. lifting capacity. A. 6,500 pounds.
B. aerodynamic balance and controllability. B. 3,250 pounds.
C. lift/drag ratio. C. 5,200 pounds.
22. The critical angle of attack at which a given aircraft a 32. If an increase in power tends to make the nose of an b
stalls is dependent on the airplane rise, this is the result of the
A. design of the wing. A. center of lift being ahead of the center of gravity.
B. attitude and airspeed. B. line of thrust being below the center of gravity.
C. gross weight. C. center of lift and center of gravity being collocated.
23. The critical engine on most light multiengine airplanes a 33. If severe turbulence is encountered, the aircraft's a
with clockwise rotating propellers is the airspeed should be reduced to
A. left engine, because of the P-factor of the right Choose one answer.
propeller. A. maneuvering speed.
B. left engine, because of the P-factor of the left B. normal structural cruising speed.
propeller. C. the minimum steady flight speed in the landing
C. right engine, because of the P-factor of the left configuration.
propeller. 34. If the aircraft's nose initially tends to move farther from a
24. The distance a propeller actually advances in one c its original position after the elevator control is pressed
revolution is forward and released, the aircraft displays
A. geometric pitch. A. negative static stability.
B. twisting. B. positive static stability.
C. effective pitch. C. positive dynamic stability.
25. During a steady climb, the angle of climb depends on b 35. If the aircraft's nose initially tends to return to its c
A. thrust required. original position after the elevator control is pressed
B. excess thrust. forward and released, the aircraft displays
C. power available A. neutral dynamic stability.
26. During a steady climb, the rate of climb depends on a B. negative dynamic stability.
A. excess power. C. positive static stability.
B. excess thrust. 36. If the aircraft's nose remains in the new position after the b
C. thrust available. elevator control is pressed forward and released, the
27. During flight with zero angle of attack, the pressure a aircraft displays
along the upper surface of a wing would be A. positive static stability.
A. less than atmospheric pressure. B. neutral static stability.
B. equal to atmospheric pressure. C. negative static stability.
C. greater than atmospheric pressure. 37. If the airspeed increases and decreases during b
28. The force which imparts a change in the velocity of a a longitudinal phugoid oscillations, the aircraft
mass is called A. is constantly changing angle of attack making it
A. thrust. difficult for the pilot to reduce the magnitude of the
B. work. oscillations.
C. power. B. is maintaining a nearly constant angle of attack.
C. will display poor trimming qualities.
29. How can a pilot increase the rate of turn and decrease a
the radius at the same time? 38. If the pilot applies right rudder to a stable airplane, the c
A. Steepen the bank and decrease airspeed. A. tail deflects right and the nose moves left.
B. Steepen the bank and increase airspeed. B. tail deflects right and the nose moves right.
C. Shallow the bank and increase airspeed. C. tail deflects left and the nose moves right.
39. If the same angle of attack is maintained in ground a 47. On a multiengine airplane with engines which rotate a
effect as when out of ground effect, lift will clockwise, the critical engine is the
A. increase, and induced drag will decrease. A. left engine, because the right engine center of thrust
B. decrease, and parasite drag will decrease. is farther away from the centerline of the fuselage.
C. decrease, and parasite drag will increase. B. left engine, because the right engine center of thrust
40. In a propeller-driven airplane, maximum range occurs at a is closer to the centerline of the fuselage.
A. maximum lift/drag ratio. C. right engine, because the left engine center of thrust
B. minimum power required. is closer to the centerline of the fuselage.
C. minimum drag required. 48. On which wing planform does the stall begin at the wing b
41. It is possible to fly an aircraft just clear of the ground at c root and progress outward toward the wingtip?
a slightly slower airspeed than that required to sustain A. Sweepback wing.
level flight at higher altitudes. This is the result of B. Rectangular wing.
A. a cushioning effect of the air as it is trapped between C. Moderate taper wing.
the ground and the descending aircraft. 49. The point on an airfoil through which lift acts is the b
B. ground interference with the static pressure system A. midpoint of the chord.
which produces false indications on the airspeed B. center of pressure.
indicator. C. center of gravity.
C. interference of the ground surface with the airflow 50. A propeller rotating clockwise, as seen from the rear, a
patterns about the aircraft in flight. creates a spiraling slipstream that tends to rotate the
42. Lift produced by an airfoil is the net force developed b aircraft to the
perpendicular to the A. left around the vertical axis, and to the right around
A. longitudinal axis of the aircraft. the longitudinal axis.
B. relative wind. B. right around the vertical axis, and to the left around
C. chord. the longitudinal axis.
43. A line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge b C. left around the vertical axis, and to the left around
of an airfoil and equidistant at all points from the upper the longitudinal axis.
and lower contours is called the 51. Propeller slip is the difference between the c
A. chord line. A. plane of rotation of the propeller and forward
B. mean camber line. velocity of the aircraft.
C. camber line. B. geometric pitch and blade angle of the propeller.
44. Maximum gliding distance of an aircraft is obtained c C. geometric pitch and the effective pitch of the
when propeller.
A. induced drag equals the coefficient of lift. 52. The purpose of aircraft wing dihedral angle is to c
B. parasite drag is the least. A. increase lift coefficient of the wing.
C. induced drag and parasite drag are equal. B. increase longitudinal stability.
45. The most desirable type of stability for an aircraft to a C. increase lateral stability.
possess is 53. The quality of an aircraft that permits it to be operated c
A. positive dynamic stability. easily and to withstand the stresses imposed on it is
B. positive static stability. A. controllability.
C. neutral static stability. B. stability.
46. On a multiengine airplane, where the propellers rotate b C. maneuverability.
in the same direction, why is the loss of power on one 54. The reason for variations in geometric pitch (twisting) c
engine more critical than the loss of power on the other along a propeller blade is that it
engine? A. permits a relatively constant angle of incidence along
A. The corkscrew pattern of airflow from one propeller its length when in cruising flight.
is less effective against the airflow from the critical B. prevents the portion of the blade near the hub to stall
engine. during cruising flight.
B. The asymmetric propeller thrust or P-factor results in C. permits a relatively constant angle of attack along its
the center of thrust from one engine being farther from length when in cruising flight.
the airplane centerline than the center of thrust from the 55. A rectangular wing, as compared to other wing a
other engine. planforms, has a tendency to stall first at the
C. The torque reaction from operation of the critical A. wing root providing adequate stall warning.
engine is more severe around the vertical axis as well as B. wingtip providing adequate stall warning.
the longitudinal axis. C. wingtip providing inadequate stall warning.
56. (Refer to figure 17.) A positive load factor of 4 at 140 a 66. (Refer to figure 18.) What is the stall speed of an b
knots would cause the airplane to airplane under a load factor of 4 if the unaccelerated
A. be subjected to structural damage. stall speed is 70 knots?
B. stall. A. 132 knots.
C. break apart. B. 140 knots.
57. (Refer to figure 17.) The airspeed indicated by point B is b C. 91 knots.
A. maximum structural cruising speed. 67. (Refer to figure 19.) At which angle of attack does the b
B. maneuvering speed. airplane travel the maximum horizontal distance per
C. never-exceed speed. foot of altitude lost?
58. (Refer to figure 17.) The airspeed indicated by point C is c A. 20°.
A. never-exceed speed. B. 6°.
B. maneuvering speed. C. 12.3°.
C. maximum structural cruising speed. 68. (Refer to figure 19.) The lift/drag at 2° angle of attack is b
59. (Refer to figure 17.) The airspeed indicated by point D is a approximately the same as the lift/drag for
A. never-exceed speed. A. 9.75° angle of attack.
B. maneuvering speed. B. 16.5° angle of attack.
C. maximum structural cruising speed. C. 10.5° angle of attack.

60. (Refer to figure 17.) The horizontal dashed line from c 69. (Refer to figure 19.) Which statement is true regarding b
point B to point D represents the airplane flight at L/Dmax?
A. maximum structural cruise airspeed range. A. Any angle of attack other than that for L/Dmax
B. airspeed range for normal operations. increases the lift/drag ratio.
C. positive limit load factor. B. Any angle of attack other than that for L/Dmax
increases total drag for a given airplane's lift.
61. (Refer to figure 17.) What load factor would be created b C. Any angle of attack other than that for L/Dmax
if positive 30 feet per second gusts were encountered at increases parasite drag.
130 knots?
A. 3.8. 70. (Refer to figure 20.) At an airspeed represented by point c
B. 3.0. B, in steady flight, the pilot can expect to obtain the
C. 2.0. aircraft's
A. maximum coefficient of lift.
62. (Refer to figure 18.) A 70 percent increase in stalling a B. minimum coefficient of lift.
speed would imply a bank angle of C. maximum glide range in still air.
A. 70°.
B. 83°. 71. (Refer to figure 20.) At the airspeed represented by a
C. 67°. point A, in steady flight, the aircraft will
A. have its maximum lift/drag ratio.
63. (Refer to figure 18.) If, during a steady turn with a 50° b B. be developing its maximum coefficient of lift.
bank, a load factor of 1.5 were imposed on an airplane C. have its minimum lift/drag ratio.
which has an unaccelerated stall speed of 60 knots, at
what speed would the airplane first stall? 72. (Refer to figure 21.) Consider only aspect ratio (other a
A. 82 knots. factors remain constant). Which aircraft will generate
B. 75 knots. greatest drag?
C. 68 knots. A. 4.
B. 1.
64. (Refer to figure 18.) What increase in load factor would c C. 3.
take place if the angle of bank were increased from 60°
to 80°? 73. (Refer to figure 21.) Consider only aspect ratio (other c
A. 3 G's. factors remain constant). Which aircraft will generate
B. 2 G's. greatest lift?
C. 4 G's. A. 1.
B. 2.
65. (Refer to figure 18.) What is the stall speed of an c C. 3.
airplane under a load factor of 2 if the unaccelerated
stall speed is 100 knots? 74. (Refer to figure 21.) Which aircraft has the highest aspect a
A. 115 knots. ratio?
B. 129 knots. A. 3.
C. 140 knots. B. 2.
C. 4.
75. (Refer to figure 21.) Which aircraft has the lowest aspect a 85. That portion of the aircraft's total drag created by the c
ratio? production of lift is called
A. 4. A. induced drag, and is not affected by changes in
B. 2. airspeed.
C. 3. B. parasite drag, and is greatly affected by changes in
76. (Refer to figure 23.) Which is a fowler flap? a airspeed.
A. 4. C. induced drag, and is greatly affected by changes in
B. 3. airspeed.
C. 2. 86. The three axes of an aircraft intersect at the a
77. (Refer to figure 23.) Which is a slotted flap? a A. center of gravity.
A. 3. B. center of pressure.
B. 4. C. midpoint of the mean chord.
C. 1. 87. The use of a slot in the leading edge of the wing enables a
78. (Refer to figure 23.) Which is a split flap? b an airplane to land at a slower speed because it
A. 3. A. delays the stall to a higher angle of attack.
B. 2. B. decelerates the upper surface boundary layer air.
C. 4. C. changes the camber of the wing.

79. (Refer to figure 25.) What would be the indicated stall c 88. What action is necessary to make an aircraft turn? c
speed during a 40° banked turn with the gear down and A. Yaw the aircraft.
flaps set at 45°? B. Change the direction of thrust.
A. 89 KIAS. C. Change the direction of lift.
B. 81 KIAS. 89. When considering the forces acting upon an airplane in c
C. 83 KIAS. straight-and-level flight at constant airspeed, which
80. (Refer to figure 25.) What would be the indicated stall c statement is correct?
speed in a 30° banked turn with the gear down and flaps A. Lift always acts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
set at 15°? of the wing and is greater than weight.
A. 88 KIAS. B. Thrust always acts forward parallel to the relative
B. 77 KIAS. wind and is greater than drag.
C. 82 KIAS. C. Weight always acts vertically toward the center of the
Earth.
81. (Refer to figure 25.) What would be the indicated stall b
speed in a 60° banked turn with the gear and flaps up? 90. When rolling out of a steep-banked turn, what causes c
A. 110 KIAS. the lowered aileron to create more drag than when
B. 117 KIAS. rolling into the turn?
C. 121 KIAS. Choose one answer.
A. The wing being lowered is traveling faster through
82. The resistance, or skin friction, due to the viscosity of b the air and producing more lift than the wing being
the air as it passes along the surface of a wing is called raised.
A. form drag. B. The wing being raised is traveling faster through the
B. profile drag. air than the wing being lowered.
C. parasite drag. C. The wing's angle of attack is greater as the rollout is
83. The tendency of an aircraft to develop forces that b started.
further remove the aircraft from its original position, 91. When the angle of attack of a symmetrical airfoil is a
when disturbed from a condition of steady flight, is increased, the center of pressure will
known as A. remain unaffected.
A. dynamic instability. B. move aft along the airfoil surface.
B. static instability. C. have very little movement.
C. positive static stability.
92. Which action will result in a stall? a
84. The tendency of an aircraft to develop forces which c A. Exceeding the critical angle of attack.
restore it to its original condition, when disturbed from a B. Flying at too low an airspeed.
condition of steady flight, is known as C. Raising the aircraft's nose too high.
A. controllability.
B. maneuverability.
C. stability.
93. Which aircraft characteristics contribute to spiral c 101. Which statement is true regarding the forces acting on a
instability? an airplane in a steady-state climb?
A. Weak static directional stability and strong dihedral A. The sum of all upward forces is equal to the sum of
effect. all downward forces.
B. Weak static directional stability and weak dihedral B. The sum of all upward forces is greater than the sum
effect. of all downward forces.
C. Strong static directional stability and weak dihedral C. The sum of all forward forces is greater than the sum
effect. of all rearward forces.
94. Which characteristic of a spin is not a characteristic of a c 102. Which statement is true relating to the factors which b
steep spiral? produce stalls?
A. Rapid loss of altitude. A. The stalling angle of attack depends upon the speed
B. High rate of rotation. of the airflow over the wings.
C. Stalled wing. B. The stalling angle of attack is independent of the
95. Which condition causes VMC to be the highest? a speed of airflow over the wings.
A. CG is at the most rearward allowable position. C. The critical angle of attack is a function of the degree
B. Gross weight is at the maximum allowable value. of bank.
C. CG is at the most forward allowable position. 103. Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle? a
96. Which is true regarding the operation of a multiengine a A. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of
airplane with one engine inoperative? an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
A. Banking toward the inoperative engine increases B. An additional upward force is generated as the lower
VMC. surface of the wing deflects air downward.
B. VMC is a designed performance factor which must be C. For every action there is an equal and opposite
proven during type certification and will not change as reaction.
long as the ball is centered with appropriate rudder 104. Which subsonic planform provides the best lift c
pressure. coefficient?
C. Banking toward the operating engine increases VMC. A. Tapered wing.
97. Which relationship is correct when comparing drag and c B. Rectangular wing.
airspeed? C. Elliptical wing.
A. Profile drag varies inversely as the square of the 105. Which type of flap creates the greatest change in c
airspeed. pitching moment?
B. Induced drag increases as the square of the airspeed. A. Plain.
C. Induced drag varies inversely as the square of the B. Split.
airspeed. C. Fowler.
98. Which statement describes the relationship of the a 106. Which type of flap creates the least change in pitching a
forces acting on an aircraft in a constant-power and moment?
constant-airspeed descent? A. Split.
A. Thrust is equal to drag; lift is equal to weight. B. Slotted.
B. Thrust is equal to drag; weight is greater than lift. C. Fowler.
C. Thrust is greater than drag; weight is greater than lift. 107. Which type of flap is characterized by large increases a
99. Which statement is true concerning the aerodynamic a in lift coefficient with minimum changes in drag?
conditions which occur during a spin entry? A. Fowler.
A. After a full stall, the wing that drops continues in a B. Split.
stalled condition while the rising wing regains and C. Slotted.
continues to produce some lift, causing the rotation. 108. Why does increasing speed also increase lift? a
B. After a partial stall, the wing that drops remains in a A. The increased impact of the relative wind on an
stalled condition while the rising wing regains and airfoil's lower surface creates a greater amount of air
continues to produce lift, causing the rotation. being deflected downward.
C. After a full stall, both wings remain in a stalled B. The increased speed of the air passing over an
condition throughout the rotation. airfoil's upper surface increases the pressure, thus
100. Which statement is true regarding propeller efficiency? b creating a greater pressure differential between the
Propeller efficiency is the upper and lower surface.
A. difference between the geometric pitch of the C. The increased velocity of the relative wind
propeller and its effective pitch. overcomes the increased drag.
B. ratio of thrust horsepower to brake horsepower.
C. actual distance a propeller advances in one
revolution.
109. A wing with a very high aspect ratio (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) will have a
A. a low stall speed.
B. increased drag at high angles of attack.
C. poor control qualities at low airspeeds.
110. With regard to gyroscopic precession, when a force is applied at a point on the rim of a spinning disc, the resultant force b
acts in which direction and at what point?
A. In the opposite direction of the applied force, at the point of the applied force.
B. In the same direction as the applied force, 90 ahead in the plane of rotation.
C. In the opposite direction of the applied force, 90° ahead in the plane of rotation.