La Union National High School

City of San Fernando

SY: 2012-2013

CCTV: A Boon to the

New Millenium

Presented by:

Ydlaz Hendry S. Garcia

Presented to:

Mrs. Perlita Gerardo

February 18, 2013

 Table of Contents

CHAPTER I. Introduction

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Purpose of the Study

Methodology

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II. Presentation, Discussion and Analysis

I. CCTV Camera
a. Advantage
b. Disadvantage
II. Importance of CCTV
a. In Terrorism
b. In Sports
c. House or Building
d. Work Places
III. Theory Behind CCTV
a. Detterence
b. Efficient Deployment
c. Prosecution
d. Self-discipline
IV. Purpose of CCTV
a. Crime Prevention
b. Fear Reduction
V. Uses of CCTV Camera
a. Control of Retail
b. Industrial Processes
c. Criminal Use
VI. CCTV Camera as…
 a. Traffic Monitoring
b. Security Guard
VII. Effect in Crime
a. Property Crime
b. Personal Crime
VIII. CCTV Management and Publicity
a. Managing CCTV
b. Ungoing Funding
c. Accountability
d. Publicity
Conclusion

Conclusion
 Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

“CCTV camera is now a boon to the new millennium in a number

of aspects. There is no question about its value in civilian applications
particularly in crime. Fighting and crime prevention. It is so being solely
a video recorder focused on a fixed, relatively limited angle from a section
of a house or building and parks to streets, work places, gates of
subdivisions, banks, retail outlets and schools.” (Cinco, 2012)

“The extent of CCTV coverage and the government’s funding of

new systems has increased dramatically over the last decade. There is
very little substantive research evidence, however, to suggest that CCTV
works. This briefing has been written to inform community safety
practitioners about recent research about the effectiveness of CCTV,
which suggests that it is not always as successful at reducing crime as it
is claimed to be.” (Armitage, 1999)

“The advantage of CCTV, properly managed, speak for

themselves: crime prevention, the deterrent effect of knowing that there
is observation, the alerting of police at an early stage to stop dangerous
situations escalating, the operational assistance to the house police in
sizing up a situation, the safer convictions that can be obtained.”

“Video surveillance system provides a never closing eye to watch

over property and possessions, allowing a sense of safety and security.
Cameras attached to a closed circuit television system send data to a
computer or video recorder for the viewing or later playback. The term
close circuit refers to the fact that the images recorded by the cameras
are not broadcast, but saved at a storage device the CCTV system was
originally developed as a security measure in banks and later expanded
to other business and home use.”

“Recorded video are listed as evidence in a criminal case to

provide aerial image of wildfires, to monitor traffic, to assess the scene of
an accident and other publicity safety purposes, etc. Video applications
are quickly emerging as an essential component of effective public safety
communications.”

“A common goal of most CCTV system has been the prevention of

crime and disorder through deterrence. It is also assumed that CCTV will
aid detection through its surveillance capability and the opportunity it
may afford to deploy security personnel or police officers appropriately
claims are also made that CCTV provides public reassurance and
therefore reduces fear of crime which may, in turn, increase the use of
public space.”

“CCTV can only ever be a tool, it is not a panacea. But while

there are powerful commercial and political interest behind it’s
promotion, it seems that hype will continue to achieve prominence over
the more prosaic series of questions that should be asked about CCTV
before it is possible to evaluate its usefulness and whether it represents
value for money.”

“Perpetrators may be derected and removed; CCTV may deter

potential offenders who perceive an increased risk or detention; CCTV
may direct security personnel to locations where precussors to offending
have been detected, which may head off their translation into crime and
reduce the severity of harm; CCTV could symbolize efforts to take crime
seriously, and the perception of those efforts may both energize law
abiding citizen and/or deter crime. The presence of CCTV may induce
people to take elementary precautions, for fear that they will be shamed
by being shown on CCTV.”

“CCTV is an interesting area of television technology. It is usually

used in surveillance systems but a lot of components and concepts can
be implemented in an industrial production monitoring system, or
equally in a hospital or university environment.”

“These systems usually consists of cameras with monitors and

video recorders. The cameras may be fixed or they may literally have a
roaming eye. Nowadays, cameras have sophisticated features like pan,
tilt and zoom which may be wed as per the need.”
Statement of the Problem

1. What are the crimes revealed through CCTV Camera?

2. How does CCTV solve crimes and accidents?
3. Why is CCTV important?

Significance of the Study

This study about CCTV provides wider knowledge to the people

about it’s importance and uses to the new millennium. It also measures
the impact of the CCTV projects on crime and fear of crime. It aims to
measure change for a significant length of time following implementation.

Purpose of the Study

This study is for the people to know the effectiveness of CCTV

and how does it work. This requires a measurement of change in the
incidence of crime before and after the installation of CCTV in different
areas.

Methodology

The researcher used library and computer research.

Definition of Terms

1. Deterrence – the act or process of deterring as the inhibition of

criminal – behavior by fear.

2. Panacea – a remedy for all ills or difficulties.

3. Apprehend – to anticipate especially with anxiety, dread or fear.

4. Burglars – one who commits burglary

5. Prominence – something prominent, the quality or fact of being

conspicuous.

(Webster Dictionary)
 Chapter II

Presentation, Discussion and Analysis

I. CCTV Camera

“Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras can produce images or

recordings for surveillance purposes and can produce images or
recordings for surveillance purposes and can be either video cameras or
digital stills cameras. Marie Van Brittan Brown was the inventor of CCTV
camera.”
“Advantage of installing security cameras. Safety os the most
obvious benefit to have high quality security cameras installed. Security
cameras installed. Security cameras can provide evidence if there has
been any breach of safety or conduct. These cameras continually monitor
people and others around to help police officials detect criminals and
suspicious activity.”
“Disadvantage of installing security cameras. These is a definite
cost involved to purchasing, installing and monitoring security
surveillance cameras. While this can be a definite hindrance to some
districts, it is important to research all of your options before you
completely dismiss the idea due to cost concerns.” (Cristiano, 2006)

II. Importance of CCTV

“CCTV cameras are very useful in combating terrorism. This
because it is simply not partically possible to deploy police forces in every
conceivable public area to look out for strange behavior from people or
the placement of strange, unclaimed objects.” (Sherman, 2011)
“CCTV cameras are if unprecedented importance in the field of
sporting. Some of them come equipped with high technology that helps to
make crucial and difficult decisions in a game or match.” (Sherman,
2011)
“CCTV in a house or building can help establish a means of
control and a system of keeping checks on the employees. If the
employees are fond to be wanting in a certain area, the requisite stops to
correct this are taken by the management.” (Sherman, 2011)
III. Theory Behind CCTV
“Deterrence – potential burglars and thieves may see the camera
and decide that a store in question’s too much of risk and therefore not a
good target.”
“Efficient deployment – CCTV cameras allow those monitoring
and scene to determine whether the police resources are called upon only
when necessary.”
“Self discipline – by potential victims. They are reminded of the
risk of crime, therefore altering their behavior accordingly. By potential
offenders. The threat of potential surveillance (whether the cameras are
actually being monitored may be irrelevant) acts to produce a self
discipline in which individuals police their own behavior.
“Prosecution – thieves and shoplifters may be caught and this
can help catch and prosecute them.” (Fry, 2001)

IV. Purpose of CCTV

“This type of crime prevention is based on rational choice theory
that the individuals most likely to commit crimes are the ones who
believe that they can get away with it. Thus by employing CCTV, the
confidence of aspiring criminals is shaken as they are cognizant of the
fact that they may be apprehended or they may feel the cameras are
watching their every moves and are loathe to risk capture and
consequently they may refrain from committing the crime. Criminal
recklessness is replaced by fear.” (Tilley, 1993)
“Fear reduction – If everyone knows that there is a camera, they
may feel safer in or around you business thus preventing potential
criminals from attacking.” (Matchett, 2003)

V. Uses of CCTV
“Control of retail – some software integrates with CCTV to
monitor the actions of workers in retail environments. Every action is
recorded as an information block with subtitles that explain the
performat operation. This helps to track the actions of workers,
especially when they are making critical financial transactions, such as
correcting and cancelling of a sale, withdrawing money or altering
personal information.”
“Industrial processes that take place under conditions dangerous
for humans are today often supervised by CCTV, these are mainly
processes in the chemical industry, the interior of reactors or facilities for
many facture of nuclear fuel. The usage of CCTV is such processes is
sometimes required by law.”
“Criminal may use surveillance cameras to monitor the public.
For example, a hidden camera at an ATM can capture people’s PINs as
they are entered, without their knowledge. The devices are small enough
nor to be noticed and are placed where they can monitor the keypad of
the machine as people enter their PINs. Images may be transmitted
wirelessly to the criminals.” (Smyth, 1999)

VI. CCTV Cameras As…

“Many cities and motorways have extensive traffic monitoring
systems, using closed circuit television to detect congestion notice
accidents and ensure quick response to motorists, especially during
heavy rains and emergencies and guard against reckless driving.”
“If there is a security guard monitoring the area through systems
he or she may act on any suspicious behavior and thus prevent a crime
from accusing. Security guards may also deploy employers to a
suspicious spot or near a person be detected the monitors.” (Chatterson,
1994)

VII. Effect on Crime

“When cameras at first installed within an area, they can have
strong deterrent effect on a wide range of crime. This may explain the
reductions in crime often indicated by short term evaluations of town
center schemes. However, the effect of cameras on crime may start to
fade in the longer term. In order to sustain the effect of cameras on a
particular offence, the cameras must be used to increase the risk of
arrest for offenders.” (Spriggs, 1999)
“Property crime in all the areas included in the study there is
evidence to suggest that the use of cameras has reduced property crime,
especially burglary. This is most evident in city centre, where the layout
of the town center is simple and the degree of camera is high. Moreover,
this reduction on city has been achieved with no apparent displacement
of offending to surrounding areas or different types of offence.”
“Personal crime, the effect of cameras on a personal crime is less
clear. In large areas, their cameras have had very little effects on overall
levels of assaults and wounding; despite being wed to prompt many
arrests. It is suggested, however, that the strengths of camera systems in
dealing with assaults liese less in preventing such offenses but more in
coordinating a quick response which may reduce the seriousness of an
incident. The cameras also provide evidence to direct investigations and
secure the swift convictions of offenders thereby reducing costs
associated with the investigation and prosecution processes. (Spriggs,
1999)

VIII. CCTV Management and Publicity

“Managing CCTV. All system managers participating in this
research confirmed that the ongoing administration of CCTV is both
complex and time consuming, CCTV programs bring with them
substantial responsibilities for contact management and design, staff
supervision and routine administration in addition to the ongoing task of
cultivating and maintaining partnership with the varions stake holders.”
(Logan, 2004)
“Ongoing funding. The most common funding model for public
CCTV systems is for the cost of operation, monitoring, maintenance, and
upgrade to be financed solely through the general revenue of local
government authorities.”
“Accountability. Clear accountability for the operation of CCTV
systems is encouraged as it increases public confidence. Accountability
remain voluntary, as there is no direct legistation covering Public CCTV
Surveillance. The main mechanisms of self-regulation currently in place
are codes of practice.” (Logan, 2009)
“Publicity. Several studies have demonstrated that well publicized
laundries of crime prevention initiatives can have impacts on crime rates.
However, it has also been noted that the initial of public awareness is an
important consideration for system administrators, as it will have a
relationship both to the deterrent effect of the cameras aid to their role in
reducing the fear of crime.” (Logan, 2004)
Conclusion:
CCTV is used in surveillance and monitoring system particularly
in preventing and fighting crimes. CCTV may not be able to reduce
crimes or even deter criminals, however it may be used effectiveness to
target specific offenses, There is no doubt that it is powerful and
innovative weapon in the police arsenal and it may be employed to
monitor town centres and help in controlling crime.
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