College of Engineering: Assignment - 1 Advanced Engineering Mathematics

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
SICIENCE CITY OF MUNOZ
ASSIGNMENT -1
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERRING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SUBJECT/COURSE
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
AE-713
SUBMITTED BY:
MARVIN T. VALENTIN
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ELMAR VILLIOTA
1. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, in
a given direction. The SI units of acceleration are ms-2. This would mean that if an
object has an acceleration of 1 ms-2 it will increase its velocity (in a given
direction) 1 ms-1 every second that it accelerates. Thus, in mathematical form
acceleration is:
𝑣2 − 𝑣1
𝑎=
𝑡
0 1 S 2
v1 v2
S = distance travelled between point 1 and 2

𝑡 2
𝑑𝑣
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎 = ; 𝑎𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑣; ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡 0 1
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣2 − 𝑣1 ; 𝑣2 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣1
The distance travelled between point 1 and 2 is:
𝑣2 + 𝑣1
𝑆=( )𝑡
2
2𝑆 = (𝑣2 + 𝑣1 )𝑡
2𝑆 = (𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣1 + 𝑣1 )𝑡; = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 2𝑣1 𝑡
1 2
𝑆 = 𝑣1 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
If the distance travelled from point 0 to point 1 is included then the equation
becomes:
𝟏 𝟐
𝑺 = 𝑺𝟎 + 𝒗𝟏 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
2. Exponential growth. If the growth rate of bacteria at any time t is proportional
to the number present at t and double in one week, how many bacteria can be
expected after 2 weeks? After 4 weeks?
Solution:
Denote by y(t) the amount of substance present at any time t. By the physical
law, the rate of change of y’(t) = dy/dt is proportional to y(t).
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦; = 𝑘𝑑𝑡; ∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑦 𝑦
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Denote the original amount of bacteria at time 0, 𝑦(0) to be equal to, say, 𝑦0
Therefore, the amount of bacteria at the end of one week 𝑦(1) is equal to 2𝑦0
Thus, at time 0 and 1.
𝑦(0) = 𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘0 ; 𝑦0 = 𝑐
𝑦(1) = 2𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘1 ; 2𝑦0 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘 𝟐 = 𝒆𝒌 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌)
Find the value of k by taking the logarithm of both sides
𝑙𝑛2
𝑙𝑛2 = 𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑘 ; 𝑘= ; = 𝑙𝑛2
𝑙𝑛𝑒
From the equation 2 = 𝑒 𝑘 is true when t = 1; but when t = 2, what then is 𝑒 𝑘2 =?
𝑒 𝑘2 = 𝑥; 𝑒 (𝑙𝑛2)(2) = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝒆𝟐𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔)
At the end of 4 weeks
𝑒 𝑘4 = 𝑥; 𝑒 (𝑙𝑛2)(4) = 16 𝑜𝑟 𝒆𝟒𝒌 = 𝟐𝟒 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟒 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔)

3. Radiocarbon Dating. What would be the (14 6
𝐶) content (in persent of 𝑦0 )of a
fossilized tree that is claim to be 300 years old?
The original substance of carbon reduces to 50 % at time equal to its half life
(5715years).
Denote 𝑦𝑜 to be the original substance.

Radioactive decay is governed by 𝑦 ′ = 𝑘𝑦.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦; = 𝑘𝑑𝑡; ∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑦 𝑦
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Denote the original substance at time 0, 𝑦(0) to be equal to, say 𝑦0
Therefore, the amount of cabon at its half life 𝑦(ℎ𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒) is equal to 0.5𝑦0
Thus, at time 0 and half life (5715).
𝑦(0) = 𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘0 ; 𝑦0 = 𝑐
𝑦(5715) = 0.5𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘5715 ; 0.5𝑦0 = 𝑦0 𝑒 5715𝑘 ;
0.5 = 𝑒 5715𝑘 (𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒)

𝑙𝑛0.5
𝑙𝑛0.5 = 𝑙𝑛𝑒 5715𝑘 ; 𝑘= ; = −0.0001212855959
5715𝑙𝑛𝑒
Thus, when t is 3000 the ratio of its substance to the original is:
𝑒 𝑡𝑘 = 𝑥; 𝑒 3000(−0.0001212855959) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟔𝟗. 𝟓%

4. Newtons Law of Cooling. A thermometer reading 50 C, is brought into a romm
whose temperature is 220 C. one minute later the thermometer reading is 120 C.
How long does it ake until the reading is pactically 220 C, say, 21.90 C?
Physical information. Experiments show that the time rate of change of the
temperature T of a body B (which conducts heat well, for example, as a copper
ball does) is proportional to the difference between T and the temperature of the
surrounding medium (Newton’s law of cooling).
Let 𝑇(𝑡) be the temperature inside the building and TA the outside
temperature (assumed to be constant in Newton’s law). Then by Newton’s law,
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
= 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 ); = 𝑘𝑑𝑡; ∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 ) (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 )
ln(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 ) = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 ) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑇(𝑡) = 𝑇𝑎 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
At Time equal 0 𝑇(0) the temperature is given to be 50 𝐶,
𝑇(0) = 220 𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑘(0) = 50 𝐶; 𝑐 = −17
After one minute 𝑇(1) = 120 𝐶,
𝑇(1) = 220 𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑘(1) = 120 𝐶; 220 𝐶 − 17𝑒 𝑘(1) = 120 𝐶

10
𝑒𝑘 =
17

10
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑘 ; 𝑘 = −0.5306282510622
17
At 𝑇(𝑡) = 21.90 𝐶,
𝑇(𝑡) = 220 𝐶 − 17𝑒 −0.5306282510622(𝑡) = 21.90 𝐶
0.1
17𝑒 −0.5306282510622(𝑡) = 0.1; 𝑙𝑛𝑒 −0.5306282510622(𝑡) = 𝑙𝑛 ;
17
𝒕 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒊𝒏.
5. Dryer. If a wet sheet in a dryer losesits moisture at a rate proportional to its
moisture content, and if it loses half of its moisture during the first 10 min of
drying, when will it be practically dry, say, when will it have loss 99% of its
moisture?
Solution:
Say 𝑀𝑜 be equal to the original moisture of the wet sheet.
𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑀
= 𝑘𝑀; = 𝑘𝑑𝑡; ∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑀 𝑀
𝑙𝑛𝑀 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐 𝑀 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘𝑡
At Time equal 0, 𝑀(0) = 𝑀𝑜 ;
𝑀(0) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘0 = 𝑀𝑜 ; 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑐
At Time equal 10 min., 𝑀(10) = 0.5𝑀𝑜 ;
𝑀(10) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘10 = 0.5𝑀𝑜 ; 𝑀𝑜 𝑒 𝑘10 = 0.5𝑀𝑜
𝑒 𝑘10 = 0.5
𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑘10 = 𝑙𝑛0.5
𝑙𝑛0.5
𝑘=
10
𝑘 = −0.069314718056
𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑀𝑜 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 ; 0.01𝑀𝑜 = 𝑀𝑜 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
0.01 = 𝑒 0.069314718056𝑡 ; 𝑙𝑛0.01 = 𝑙𝑛𝑒 0.069314718056𝑡
𝒕 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟖𝒎𝒊𝒏.

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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

S = distance travelled between point 1 and 2

The distance travelled between point 1 and 2 is:

2𝑆 = (𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣1 + 𝑣1 )𝑡; = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 2𝑣1 𝑡

Thus, at time 0 and 1.

𝑦(1) = 2𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘1 ; 2𝑦0 = 𝑦0 𝑒 𝑘 𝟐 = 𝒆𝒌 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌)

Find the value of k by taking the logarithm of both sides

From the equation 2 = 𝑒 𝑘 is true when t = 1; but when t = 2, what then is 𝑒 𝑘2 =?

𝑒 𝑘2 = 𝑥; 𝑒 (𝑙𝑛2)(2) = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝒆𝟐𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔)

At the end of 4 weeks

𝑒 𝑘4 = 𝑥; 𝑒 (𝑙𝑛2)(4) = 16 𝑜𝑟 𝒆𝟒𝒌 = 𝟐𝟒 (𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝟒 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔)

Denote 𝑦𝑜 to be the original substance.

Denote the original substance at time 0, 𝑦(0) to be equal to, say 𝑦0

𝑦(5715) = 0.5𝑦0 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘5715 ; 0.5𝑦0 = 𝑦0 𝑒 5715𝑘 ;

0.5 = 𝑒 5715𝑘 (𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒)

Find the value of k by taking the logarithm of both sides

𝑒 𝑡𝑘 = 𝑥; 𝑒 3000(−0.0001212855959) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟔𝟗. 𝟓%

At Time equal 0 𝑇(0) the temperature is given to be 50 𝐶,

𝑇(0) = 220 𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑘(0) = 50 𝐶; 𝑐 = −17

After one minute 𝑇(1) = 120 𝐶,

𝑇(1) = 220 𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑘(1) = 120 𝐶; 220 𝐶 − 17𝑒 𝑘(1) = 120 𝐶

Find the value of k by taking the logarithm of both sides

Say 𝑀𝑜 be equal to the original moisture of the wet sheet.

At Time equal 10 min., 𝑀(10) = 0.5𝑀𝑜 ;

𝑀(10) = 𝑐𝑒 𝑘10 = 0.5𝑀𝑜 ; 𝑀𝑜 𝑒 𝑘10 = 0.5𝑀𝑜

0.01 = 𝑒 0.069314718056𝑡 ; 𝑙𝑛0.01 = 𝑙𝑛𝑒 0.069314718056𝑡

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