Unit 2.8 Two-Variable Inequalities: Warm Up Lesson Presentation Lesson Quiz

UNIT 2.
8 TWO-VARIABLE
INEQUALITIES
Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Warm Up
Find the intercepts of each line.
1. 3x + 2y = 18 (0, 9), (6, 0)
2. 4x – y = 8 (0, –8), (2, 0)
3. 5x + 10 = 2y (0, 5), (–2, 0)
Write the function in slope-intercept form.

Then graph.
4. 2x + 3y = –3
Holt Algebra 2
 Objectives
 Graph linear inequalities on the
coordinate plane.
 Solve problems using linear inequalities.
Holt Algebra 2
2-5 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Vocabular y
linear inequality
boundary line
Holt Algebra 2
2-5 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Linear functions form the basis of linear

inequalities. A linear inequality in two variables
relates two variables using an inequality symbol,
such as y > 2x – 4. Its graph is a region of the
coordinate plane bounded by a line. The line is a
boundary line, which divides the coordinate
plane into two regions.
Holt Algebra 2
For example, the line
y = 2x – 4, shown at
right, divides the
coordinate plane into
two parts: one where
y > 2x – 4 and one
where y < 2x – 4. In
the coordinate plane
higher points have
larger y values, so the
region where
y > 2x – 4 is above
the boundary line
where y = 2x – 4.
Holt Algebra 2
To graph y � 2x – 4,
make the boundary
line solid, and shade
the region above the
line. To graph
y > 2x – 4, make the
boundary line dashed
because y-values
equal to 2x – 4 are
not included.
Holt Algebra 2
Helpful Hint
Think of the underlines in the symbols ::: and �
as representing solid lines on the graph.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1A: Graphing Linear Inequalities
Graph the inequality .
The boundary line is which has a

y-intercept of 2 and a slope of .
Draw the boundary line

dashed because it is not
part of the solution.
Then shade the region above

the boundary line to show
.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1A Continued
Check Choose a point in the solution region,

such as (3, 2) and test it in the inequality.
?
2 > 1 
The test point satisfies the

inequality, so the solution
region appears to be correct.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1B: Graphing Linear Inequalities
Graph the inequality y � –1.

Recall that y= –1 is a
horizontal line.
Step 1 Draw a solid line for

y=–1 because the boundary
line is part of the graph.
Step 2 Shade the region

below the boundary line to
show where y < –1.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1B Continued
Check The point (0, –2) is a

solution because –2 :: –1.
Note that any point on or
below y = –1 is a solution,
regardless of the value of x.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1a
Graph the inequality y =:?3x –2.

The boundary line is y = 3x – 2 which has a
y–intercept of –2 and a slope of 3.
Draw a solid line because it

is part of the solution.
Then shade the region

above the boundary line to
show y > 3x – 2.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Check Choose a point in the solution region, such as

(–3, 2) and test it in the inequality.
y � 3x –2
?
2 � 3(–3) –2
?
2 � (–9) –2
?
2 > –11 
The test point satisfies the
inequality, so the solution
region appears to be correct.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1b
Graph the inequality y < –3.
Recall that y = –3 is a
horizontal line.
Step 1 Draw the boundary

line dashed because it is not
part of the solution.
Step 2 Shade the region

below the boundary line to
show where y < –3.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
Check The point (0, –4) is a

solution because –4 < –3.
Note that any point below
y < –4 is a solution,
regardless of the value of x.
Holt Algebra 2
If the equation of the boundary line is not in
slope-intercept form, you can choose a test point
that is not on the line to determine which region
to shade. If the point satisfies the inequality,
then shade the region containing that point.
Otherwise, shade the other region.
Helpful Hint
The point (0, 0) is the easiest point to test if it
is not on the boundary line.
Holt Algebra 2
 Example 2: Graphing Linear
Inequalities Using Intercepts
 Graph 3x + 4y � 12 using intercepts.
Step 1 Find the intercepts.
 Substitute x = 0 and y = 0 into 3x + 4y = 12 to

find the intercepts of the boundary line.
y-intercept x-intercept
3x + 4y = 12 3x + 4y = 12
3(0) + 4y = 12 3x + 4(0) = 12
4y = 12 3x = 12
y = 3 x = 4
Holt Algebra 2
Example 2 Continued
Step 2 Draw the boundary line.

The line goes through (0, 3) and
(4, 0). Draw a solid line for the
boundary line because it is part of (0, 3)
the graph.
Step 3 Find the correct region
to shade.
(4, 0)
Substitute (0, 0) into the

inequality. Because 0 + 0 ::: 12
is true, shade the region that
contains (0, 0).
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 2
Graph 3x – 4y > 12 using intercepts.

Step 1 Find the intercepts.
Substitute x = 0 and y = 0 into 3x – 4y = 12 to

find the intercepts of the boundary line.
y-intercept x-intercept
3x – 4y = 12 3x – 4y = 12
3(0) – 4y = 12 3x – 4(0) = 12
– 4y = 12 3x = 12
y=–3 x=4
Holt Algebra 2
Step 2 Draw the boundary line.

The line goes through (0, –3) and
(4, 0). Draw the boundary line
dashed because it is not part of (4, 0)
the solution.
Step 3 Find the correct region
to shade. (0, –3)
Substitute (0, 0) into the
inequality. Because 0 + 0 >12
is false, shade the region that
does not contain (0, 0).
Holt Algebra 2
Many applications of inequalities in two variables
use only nonnegative values for the variables.
Graph only the part of the plane that includes
realistic solutions.
Caution
Don’t forget which variable represents which
quantity.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 3: Problem-Solving Application
A school carnival charges $4.50 for

adults and $3.00 for children. The
school needs to make at least $135 to
cover expenses.
A. Using x as the adult ticket price and y as

the child ticket price, write and graph an
inequality for the amount the school
makes on ticket sales.
B. If 25 child tickets are sold, how many adult

tickets must be sold to cover expenses?
Holt Algebra 2
Understand the Problem
The answer will be in two parts: (1) an
inequality graph showing the number of each
type of ticket that must be sold to cover
expenses (2) the number of adult tickets that
must be sold to make at least $135 if 25 child
tickets are sold.
List the important information:

• The school sells tickets at $4.50 for
adults and $3.00 for children.
• The school needs to make at least $135.
Holt Algebra 2
Make a Plan
Let x represent the number of adult tickets

and y represent the number of child tickets
that must be sold. Write an inequality to
represent the situation.
Adult times number of plus child times number is at total.
price adult price of child least
tickets tickets
4.50 • x + 3.00 • y 135
An inequality that models the problem is 4.5x + 3y � 135.
Holt Algebra 2
Solve
Find the intercepts of the boundary line.
4.5(0) + 3y = 135 4.5x + 3(0) = 135
y = 45 x = 30
Graph the boundary line

through (0, 45) and (30, 0)
as a solid line.
Shade the region above the
line that is in the first
quadrant, as ticket sales
cannot be negative.
Holt Algebra 2
If 25 child tickets are sold,
4.5x + 3(25) ;: 135 Substitute 25 for y in 4.5x + 3y �135.

4.5x + 75 ;: 135 Multiply 3 by 25.
_
4.5x ;: 60, so x ;: 13.3 A whole number of tickets must be sold.
At least 14 adult tickets must be sold.
Look Back
14($4.50) + 25($3.00) = $138.00, so the answer is

reasonable.
Holt Algebra 2
A café gives away prizes. A large prize

costs the café $125, and the small
prize costs $40. The café will not spend
more than $1500. How many of each
prize can be awarded? How many small
prizes can be awarded if 4 large prizes
are given away?
Holt Algebra 2
Understand the Problem
The answer will be in two parts: (1) an

inequality graph showing the number of each
type of prize awarded not too exceed a
certain amount (2) the number of small
prizes awarded if 4 large prizes are awarded.
List the important information:

• The café awarded large prizes valued at
$125 and $40 for small prizes.
• The café will not spend over $1500.
Holt Algebra 2
Make a Plan
Let x represent the number of small prizes and y
represent the number of large prizes, the total not
too exceed $1500. Write an inequality to represent
the situation.
Small times number plus large times number is less total.
prize awarded prize awarded than
40 x + 125 y :: 1500
An inequality that models the problem is 40x + 125y ::: 135.
Holt Algebra 2
Solve
Find the intercepts of the boundary line.
40(0) + 125y = 1500 40x + 125(0) = 1500
y = 12 x = 37.5
Graph the boundary line
through (0, 12) and (37.5, 0)
as a solid line.
Shade the region below the

line that is in the first
quadrant, as prizes awarded
cannot be negative.
Holt Algebra 2
If 4 large prizes are awarded,
40x + 125(4) :: 1500 Substitute 4 for y in 40x + 125y :: 135.
40x + 500 :: 1500 Multiply 125 by 4.
40x ;: 1000, so x :: 25 A whole number of small prizes must

be awarded.
No more than 25 small prizes can be awarded.
Look Back
$40(25) + $125(4) = $1500, so the answer is

reasonable.
Holt Algebra 2
You can graph a linear
inequality that is solved
for y with a graphing
calculator. Press
and use the left arrow
key to move to the left
side.
Each time you press

you will see one of the
graph styles shown here.
You are already familiar
with the line style.
Holt Algebra 2
 Example 4: Solving and Graphing Linear
Inequalities
 Solve for y. Graph the solution.
 Multiply both sides by
 8x – 2yy><84x – 4 Divide by –2, and reverse the

inequality symbol.
 –2y > –8x + 8 Subtract 8x from both sides.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 4 Continued
Use the calculator option to shade below the line

y < 4x – 4.
Note that the graph is shown in

the STANDARD SQUARE
window.
( 6:ZStandard followed
by 5:ZSquare).
Solve 2(3x – 4y) > 24 for y. Graph the solution.
3x – 4y > 12 Divide both sides by 2.
–4y > –3x + 12 Subtract 3x from both sides.

Divide by –4, and reverse the
inequality symbol.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Use the calculator option to shade below the line

.
Note that the graph is shown in

the STANDARD SQUARE
window.
( 6:ZStandard followed
by 5:ZSquare).
Lesson Quiz: Part I
1. Graph 2x –5y 10 2. Solve –6y < 18x – 12 for y.

using intercepts. Graph the solution.
y > –3x + 2
 Lesson Quiz: Part II
 3. Potatoes cost a chef $18 a box, and carrots cost
 $12 a box. The chef wants to spend no more than
$144. Use x as the number of boxes of potatoes
and y as the number of boxes of carrots.
a. Write an inequality for the number of boxes
the chef can buy.
18x + 12y ::: 144
b. How many boxes of potatoes can the chef
order if she orders 4 boxes of carrot?
no more than 5
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UNIT 2.

1. 3x + 2y = 18 (0, 9), (6, 0)

2. 4x – y = 8 (0, –8), (2, 0)

3. 5x + 10 = 2y (0, 5), (–2, 0)

Write the function in slope-intercept form.

Linear functions form the basis of linear

Graph the inequality .

The boundary line is which has a

Draw the boundary line

Then shade the region above

Check Choose a point in the solution region,

The test point satisfies the

Graph the inequality y � –1.

Step 1 Draw a solid line for

Step 2 Shade the region

Check The point (0, –2) is a

Graph the inequality y =:?3x –2.

Draw a solid line because it

Then shade the region

Check Choose a point in the solution region, such as

Graph the inequality y < –3.

Step 1 Draw the boundary

Step 2 Shade the region

Check The point (0, –4) is a

 Substitute x = 0 and y = 0 into 3x + 4y = 12 to

Step 2 Draw the boundary line.

Substitute (0, 0) into the

Graph 3x – 4y > 12 using intercepts.

Substitute x = 0 and y = 0 into 3x – 4y = 12 to

Step 2 Draw the boundary line.

A school carnival charges $4.50 for

A. Using x as the adult ticket price and y as

B. If 25 child tickets are sold, how many adult

List the important information:

Let x represent the number of adult tickets

4.50 • x + 3.00 • y 135

An inequality that models the problem is 4.5x + 3y � 135.

Graph the boundary line

4.5x + 3(25) ;: 135 Substitute 25 for y in 4.5x + 3y �135.

At least 14 adult tickets must be sold.

14($4.50) + 25($3.00) = $138.00, so the answer is

A café gives away prizes. A large prize

The answer will be in two parts: (1) an

List the important information:

An inequality that models the problem is 40x + 125y ::: 135.

Shade the region below the

40x ;: 1000, so x :: 25 A whole number of small prizes must

$40(25) + $125(4) = $1500, so the answer is

Each time you press

 Solve for y. Graph the solution.

 Multiply both sides by

 8x – 2yy><84x – 4 Divide by –2, and reverse the

Use the calculator option to shade below the line

Note that the graph is shown in

Solve 2(3x – 4y) > 24 for y. Graph the solution.

3x – 4y > 12 Divide both sides by 2.

–4y > –3x + 12 Subtract 3x from both sides.

Use the calculator option to shade below the line