Warm Up Lesson Presentation Lesson Quiz

2-3
2-3 Graphing
GraphingLinear
LinearFunctions
Functions
Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Holt Algebra 2
2-3 Graphing Linear Functions
Warm Up
Solve each equation for y.
1. 7x + 2y = 6
2. y = –2x – 8
3. If 3x = 4y + 12, find y when x = 0. y = –3
4. If a line passes through (–5, 0) and (0, 2), then it

passes through all but which quadrant.
IV
Holt Algebra 2
Objectives
Determine whether a function is linear.
Graph a linear function given two

points, a table, an equation, or a point
and a slope.
Holt Algebra 2
Vocabulary
linear function
slope
y-intercept
x-intercept
slope-intercept form
Holt Algebra 2
Meteorologists begin
tracking a hurricane's
distance from land
when it is 350 miles
off the coast of Florida
and moving steadily
inland.
The meteorologists are interested in the rate

at which the hurricane is approaching land.
Holt Algebra 2
+1 +1 +1 +1
Time (h) 0 1 2 3 4
Distance from Land (mi) 350 325 300 275 250
–25 –25 –25 –25
This rate can be expressed as .

Notice that the rate of change is constant. The hurricane
moves 25 miles closer each hour.
Holt Algebra 2
Functions with a constant rate of change are

called linear functions. A linear function can be
written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where x is the
independent variable and m and b are constants.
The graph of a linear function is a straight line
made up of all points that satisfy y = f(x).
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1A: Recognizing Linear Functions
Determine whether the data set could

represent a linear function.
+2 +2 +2
x –2 0 2 4
f(x) 2 1 0 –1
–1 –1 –1
The rate of change, , is constant .

So the data set is linear.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 1B: Recognizing Linear Functions

+1 +1 +1
x 2 3 4 5
f(x) 2 4 8 16
+2 +4 +8
The rate of change, , is not constant.

2 ≠ 4 ≠ 8. So the data set is not linear.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1A

+7 +7 +7
x 4 11 18 25
f(x) –6 –15 –24 –33
–9 –9 –9
The rate of change, , is constant .

So the data set is linear.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 1B

–2 –2 –2
x 10 8 6 4
f(x) 7 5 1 –7
–4 –4 –8
The rate of change, , is not constant.
. So the data set is not linear.

Holt Algebra 2
The constant rate of change for a linear

function is its slope. The slope of a linear
function is the ratio , or .
The slope of a line is the same between
any two points on the line. You can graph
lines by using the slope and a point.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 2A: Graphing Lines Using Slope and a Point
Graph the line with slope that passes

through (–1, –3).
Plot the point (–1, –3).

The slope indicates a rise of 5
and a run of 2. Move up 5 and
right 2 to find another point.
Then draw a line through the
points.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 2B: Graphing Lines Using Slope and a Point

through (0, 2).
Plot the point (0, 2).
The negative slope can be

viewed as
You can move down 3 units
and right 4 units, or move up
3 units and left 4 units.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 2

through (3, 1).
Plot the point (3, 1).

The slope indicates a rise of 4
and a run of 3. Move up 4 and
right 3 to find another point.
Then draw a line through the
points.
Holt Algebra 2
Recall from geometry that
two points determine a line.
Often the easiest points to
find are the points where a
line crosses the axes.
The y-intercept is the

y-coordinate of a point
where the line crosses the
x-axis.
The x-intercept is the

x-coordinate of a point where
the line crosses the y-axis.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 3: Graphing Lines Using the Intercepts
Find the intercepts of 4x – 2y = 16, and graph

the line.
Find the x-intercept: 4x – 2y = 16
4x – 2(0) = 16 Substitute 0 for y.
4x = 16 x-intercept
x=4 The x-intercept is 4.

Find the y-intercept: 4x – 2y = 16
4(0) – 2y = 16 Substitute 0 for x.
–2y = 16
y-intercept
y = –8 The y-intercept is –8.
Holt Algebra 2
Find the intercepts of 6x – 2y = –24, and

graph the line.
Find the x-intercept: 6x – 2y = –24
6x – 2(0) = –24 Substitute 0 for y.
6x = –24
y-intercept
x = –4 The x-intercept is –4.
Find the y-intercept: 6x – 2y = –24
6(0) – 2y = –24 Substitute 0 for x. x-intercept
–2y = –24
y = 12 The y-intercept is 12.
Holt Algebra 2
Linear functions can also be expressed as linear

equations of the form y = mx + b. When a linear
function is written in the form y = mx + b, the
function is said to be in slope-intercept form
because m is the slope of the graph and b is the
y-intercept. Notice that slope-intercept form is the
equation solved for y.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 4A: Graphing Functions in Slope-Intercept
Form
Write the function –4x + y = –1 in slope-intercept
form. Then graph the function.
Solve for y first.
–4x + y = –1
+4x +4x Add 4x to both sides.
y = 4x – 1
The line has y-intercept –1 and
slope 4, which is . Plot the point
(0, –1). Then move up 4 and
right 1 to find other points.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 4A Continued
You can also use a graphing

calculator to graph. Choose
the standard square
window to make your graph
look like it would on a
regular grid. Press ZOOM,
choose 6:ZStandard, press
ZOOM again, and then
choose 5:ZSquare.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 4B: Graphing Functions in Slope-Intercept
Form
Write the function in slope-intercept

Solve for y first.
Multiply both sides by
Distribute.
The line has y-intercept 8 and slope .

Plot the point (0, 8). Then move down 4
and right 3 to find other points.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 4A
Write the function 2x – y = 9 in slope-intercept
Solve for y first.
2x – y = 9
–2x –2x Add –2x to both sides.
–y = –2x + 9
y = 2x – 9 Multiply both
sides by –1.
The line has y-intercept –9 and
slope 2, which is . Plot the point
(0, –9). Then move up 2 and right 1
to find other points.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 4A Continued
You can also use a graphing

calculator to graph. Choose
the standard square
window to make your graph
look like it would on a
regular grid. Press ZOOM,
choose 6:ZStandard, press
ZOOM again, and then
choose 5:ZSquare.
Holt Algebra 2
Check It Out! Example 4B
Write the function 5x = 15y + 30 in slope-
intercept form. Then graph the function.
Solve for y first.
5x = 15y + 30
–30 –30 Subtract 30 from both sides.
5x – 30 = 15y
Divide both sides by 15.
The line has y-intercept –2 and slope .

Plot the point (0, –2). Then move up 1
and right 3 to find other points.
Holt Algebra 2
An equation with only one variable can

be represented by either a vertical or a
horizontal line.
Holt Algebra 2
Vertical and Horizontal Lines

Vertical Lines Horizontal Lines
The line x = a is a vertical The line y = b is a vertical
line at a. line at b.
Holt Algebra 2
The slope of a vertical line is undefined.
The slope of a horizontal line is zero.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 5: Graphing Vertical and Horizontal Lines
Determine if each line is vertical or horizontal.

A. x = 2
This is a vertical line
located at the x-value 2.
(Note that it is not a x=2
function.)
y = –4
B. y = –4
This is a horizontal line
located at the y-value –4.
Holt Algebra 2
Determine if each line is vertical or horizontal.

A. y = –5
This is a horizontal line
located at the y-value –5.
x = 0.5
y = –5
B. x = 0.5
This is a vertical line
located at the x-value 0.5.
Holt Algebra 2
Example 6: Application
A ski lift carries skiers from an altitude of
1800 feet to an altitude of 3000 feet over a
horizontal distance of 2000 feet. Find the
average slope of this part of the mountain.
Graph the elevation against the distance.
Step 2 1 Graph
Find thetheslope.
line.
The y-intercept
rise is 3000is– the
1800,
original
or 1200 altitude,
ft. 1800 ft.
Use (0, 1800) and (2000,
The run
3000) asistwo
2000 ft. on the
points
line. Select a scale for each
The slope is .
axis that will fit the data,
and graph the function.
Holt Algebra 2
A truck driver is at mile marker 624 on
Interstate 10. After 3 hours, the driver
reaches mile marker 432. Find his average
speed. Graph his location on I-10 in terms of
mile markers.
Step 1 2 Find
Graph
thetheaverage
line. speed.
The y-intercept
distance = rate is the
 time
distance traveled at 0
192 mi = rate  3 h
hours, 0 ft. Use (0, 0) and
(3, 192) as two points on
the line. Select a scale for
each axis that will fit the
data, and graph the
The slope is 64 mi/h.
function.
Holt Algebra 2
Lesson Quiz: Part 1
1. Determine whether the data could represent a
linear function.
x –1 2 5 8
yes
f(x) –3 1 5 9
2. For 3x – 4y = 24, find the

intercepts, write in slope-
intercept form, and graph.
x-intercept: 8;
y-intercept: –6;
y = 0.75x – 6
Holt Algebra 2
Lesson Quiz: Part 2
3. Determine if the line y = -3 is vertical or

horizontal. horizontal
4. The bottom edge of a roof is 62 ft above the

ground. If the roof rises to 125 ft above ground
over a horizontal distance of 7.5 yd, what is the
slope of the roof? 2.8
Holt Algebra 2

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2-3

3. If 3x = 4y + 12, find y when x = 0. y = –3

4. If a line passes through (–5, 0) and (0, 2), then it

Graph a linear function given two

The meteorologists are interested in the rate

–25 –25 –25 –25

This rate can be expressed as .

Functions with a constant rate of change are

Determine whether the data set could

The rate of change, , is constant .

Determine whether the data set could

The rate of change, , is not constant.

Determine whether the data set could

The rate of change, , is constant .

Determine whether the data set could

. So the data set is not linear.

The constant rate of change for a linear

Graph the line with slope that passes

Plot the point (–1, –3).

Graph the line with slope that passes

Plot the point (0, 2).

The negative slope can be

Graph the line with slope that passes

Plot the point (3, 1).

The y-intercept is the

The x-intercept is the

Find the intercepts of 4x – 2y = 16, and graph

x=4 The x-intercept is 4.

Find the intercepts of 6x – 2y = –24, and

Linear functions can also be expressed as linear

You can also use a graphing

Write the function in slope-intercept

The line has y-intercept 8 and slope .

You can also use a graphing

The line has y-intercept –2 and slope .

An equation with only one variable can

Vertical and Horizontal Lines

The slope of a vertical line is undefined.

The slope of a horizontal line is zero.

Determine if each line is vertical or horizontal.

Determine if each line is vertical or horizontal.

2. For 3x – 4y = 24, find the

3. Determine if the line y = -3 is vertical or

4. The bottom edge of a roof is 62 ft above the

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