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    O.s's Role in Running Programs

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    khawaja007
    The operating system acts as an interface between applications and hardware. It creates processes by assigning memory and resources, establishing priority, loading programs into memory, and executing them. A process contains the program code and current activity. It can have multiple threads executing concurrently. Processes go through states like waiting, running, blocked, and terminated as controlled by the operating system kernel to allow for multitasking. A process consists of executable code, memory, allocated resources, security attributes, and processor state.

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    O.s's Role in Running Programs

    Uploaded by

    khawaja007
    28 views2 pages
    The operating system acts as an interface between applications and hardware. It creates processes by assigning memory and resources, establishing priority, loading programs into memory, and executing them. A process contains the program code and current activity. It can have multiple threads executing concurrently. Processes go through states like waiting, running, blocked, and terminated as controlled by the operating system kernel to allow for multitasking. A process consists of executable code, memory, allocated resources, security attributes, and processor state.

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    Operating System's role in running programs.

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    o.s's Role in Running Programs

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    The operating system acts as an interface between applications and hardware. It creates processes by assigning memory and resources, establishing priority, loading programs into memory, and executing them. A process contains the program code and current activity. It can have multiple threads executing concurrently. Processes go through states like waiting, running, blocked, and terminated as controlled by the operating system kernel to allow for multitasking. A process consists of executable code, memory, allocated resources, security attributes, and processor state.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    28 views2 pages

    O.s's Role in Running Programs

    Uploaded by

    khawaja007
    The operating system acts as an interface between applications and hardware. It creates processes by assigning memory and resources, establishing priority, loading programs into memory, and executing them. A process contains the program code and current activity. It can have multiple threads executing concurrently. Processes go through states like waiting, running, blocked, and terminated as controlled by the operating system kernel to allow for multitasking. A process consists of executable code, memory, allocated resources, security attributes, and processor state.

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    Operating System's Role In Running Programs :

    The operating system acts as an interface between an application and the hardware. The user
    interacts with the hardware from "the other side". The operating system is a set of services
    which simplifies development of applications. Executing a program involves the creation of a
    process by the operating system. The kernel creates a process by assigning memory and other
    resources, establishing a priority for the process (in multi-tasking systems), loading program
    code into memory, and executing the program. The program then interacts with the user
    and/or other devices and performs its intended function.

    Process :
    a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed. It contains the program
    code and its current activity. Depending on the operating system (OS), a process may be made
    up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions concurrently

    Computer Program :
    A computer program is a passive collection of instructions, a process is the actual execution of
    those instructions. Several processes may be associated with the same program; for example,
    opening up several instances of the same program often means more than one process is
    being executed.

    Process states :
    An operating system kernel that allows multi-tasking needs processes to have certain states.

    1 - First, the process is "created" - it is loaded from a secondary storage device (hard disk or
    CD-ROM) into main memory. After that the process scheduler assigns it the state "waiting".

    2 - While the process is "waiting" it waits for the scheduler to do a so-called context switch
    and load the process into the processor. The process state then becomes "running", and the
    processor executes the process instructions.

    3 - If a process needs to wait for a resource (wait for user input or file to open ...), it is assigned
    the "blocked" state. The process state is changed back to "waiting" when the process no
    longer needs to wait.

    4 - Once the process finishes execution, or is terminated by the operating system, it is no


    longer needed. The process is removed instantly or is moved to the "terminated" state. When
    removed, it just waits to be removed from main memory

    Representation :
    In general, a computer system process consists of the following resources:

    1 - An image of the executable machine code associated with a program.

    2 - A Memory which includes the executable code, process-specific data (input and output), a
    call stack (to keep track of active subroutines and/or other events), and a heap to hold
    intermediate computation data generated during run time.

    3 - Operating system descriptors of resources that are allocated to the process, such as file
    descriptors (Unix terminology) or handles (Windows), and data sources and sinks.

    4 - Security attributes, such as the process owner and the process' set of permissions
    (allowable operations).

    5 - Processor state, such as the content of registers, physical memory addressing, etc. The
    state is typically stored in computer registers when the process is executing, and in memory
    otherwise

    The operating system holds most of this information about active processes in data structures
    called process control blocks.Any subset of resources, but typically at least the processor state,
    may be associated with each of the process' threads in operating systems that support threads
    or 'daughter' processes.

    The operating system keeps its processes separated and allocates the resources they need so
    that they are less likely to interfere with each other and cause system failures. The operating
    system may also provide mechanisms for inter-process communication to enable processes to
    interact in safe and predictable ways.

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