International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

Load Flow Analysis of IEEE-3 bus system by

using Mipower Software

Sandeep kaur1 Amarbir Singh2 Dr. Raja Singh Khela3

1 2 3
Asst. Professor, Asst.Professor, Director,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engg, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jasdev Singh Sandhu Institut e of Engg & Tech
Chandigarh University,Gharuan(Mohali),Punjab Chandigarh University,Gharuan(Mohali),Punjab (Patiala), Punjab

Abstract— The load flow study or power flow analysis is very Generator bus or voltage controlled bus: Here the voltage
important for planning, control and operations of existing magnitude corresponding to the generator voltage and real
systems as well as planning its future expansion. The power Pg corresponds to its rating are specified. It is required
satisfactory operation of the system depends upon knowing the
to find out the reactive power generation Qg and phase angle
effects of interconnections, new loads, new generating stations or
new transmission lines etc., before they are installed. It also of the bus voltage.
helps to determine the best size and favorable locations for the Slack (swing) bus: For the Slack Bus, it is assumed that the
power capacitors both for the improvement of the power factor voltage magnitude |V| and voltage phase are known, whereas
and also raising the bus voltage of the electrical network. They real and reactive powers Pg and Qg are obtained through the
help us to determine the best locality as well as optimal capacity load flow solution
of the proposed generating stations, substations or new lines.
1) For this work the gauss-seidel method is used for numerical
analysis.Nowadays Mipower software is used for load flow
studies.This type of analysis is useful for solving the power flow
problem in different power systems which will useful to
calculate the unknown quantities.

Keywords-Power flow analysis, Power capacitors, Optimal

capacity ,Guass-siedel method,Mipower software
.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig.1 Bus classification

The Load flow problem consists of calculation of voltage

III. SOLUTION METHODS
magnitude and its phase angle at the buses. And also the
The solution of the simultaneous nonlinear power flow
active and reactive lines flow for the specified terminal or bus
equations requires the use of iterative techniques for even the
conditions.
simplest power systems.
Load flow studies are used to ensure that electrical power
There are many methods for solving nonlinear equations, as
transfer from generators to consumers through the grid
shown in Fig.2
system is stable, reliable and economic. Conventional
techniques for solving the load flow problem are iterative,
using the Newton-Raphson or the Gauss-Seidel methods.
Depending upon the quantities specified for the buses, they
are classified into three types namely load bus,generator bus
or voltage controlled bus and slack bus or swing bus or
reference bus.

II. BUS CLASSIFICATION

Buses are classified according to which two out of the four

variables are specified
Load bus: No generator is connected to the bus. At this bus F
the real and reactive power are specified and it is desired to
find out the volatage magnitude and phase angle through load
ig.2 Types of Load flow methods
flow solutions.It is required to specify only Pd and Qd at such
bus as at a load bus voltage can be allowed to vary within the
permissible values.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

IV. IEEE 3 BUS SYSTEM STABILITY Transmission Line Element Data

Line From To Bus No. of Structure

Figure shows a single line diagram of a 3 bus No Bus circuits Ref. No.
system with two generating units, three lines. 2 1 3 1 2
3 2 3 1 3
Perunit transmission line series impedances and
shunt susceptances are given on 100 MVA base in
Real power generation, real and reactive power Bus code Intertia(H) Xd’
loads in MW and MVAR are give. Conduct the No

load flow analysis..

1 160 0.1
2 3 0.3

Line and cable Library

Assume the base voltage for the bus as 11 kV

and system frequency as 50 Hz.

Impedances and line charging for the system

Table : 1.1
Bus code Admittance Line charging
From - To Ypq Y’pq/2
1-2 1.47+j5.88 J0.015
1-3 2.94-j11.77 j0.07
2-3 2.75-j9.17 j0.04

Generation, loads and bus voltages for the system

Table : 1.2
B Bus Generat Generation Load Load
us Voltage ion MVAR MW MVA
N MW R
o
1 1.04+j0.0 0 0 0 0
2 1.02+j0.0 100 -- 50 20
3 1.00+j0.0 0 0 250 150

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

Generator Data Load flow studies

Load Flow Analysis

Load flow analysis taken here for case study of IEEE-3 bus
system. The network shown in Figure-3 a single line diagram
is prepared using Mi-Power software.Execute load flow
analysis and click on Report in load flow analysis dialog to
view report.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

V. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: NOMINAL SYSTEM FREQUENCY (Hzs)

----------------------------------------------------------- : 50.000000
- FREQUENCY DEVIATION (Hzs)
Date and Time : Fri Oct 17 12:23:30 2014 : 0.000000
----------------------------------------------------------- FLOWS IN MW AND MVAR, OPTION
- :0
LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS SLACK BUS : 0
CASE NO : 1 CONTINGENCY : 0 (MAX GENERATION BUS)
SCHEDULE NO : 0 TRANSFORMER TAP CONTROL OPTION
CONTINGENCY NAME : Base Case : 0
RATING CONSIDERED : NOMINAL Q CHECKING LIMIT (ENABLED)
: 4
----------------------------------------------------------- REAL POWER TOLERANCE (PU)
- : 0.00100
VERSION NUMBER : 7.3 REACTIVE POWER TOLERANCE (PU)
%% First Power System Network : 0.00100
LARGEST BUS NUMBER USED : 3 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
ACTUAL NUMBER OF BUSES : 3 : 15
NUMBER OF 2 WIND. TRANSFORMERS : BUS VOLTAGE BELOW WHICH LOAD
0 NUMBER OF 3 WIND. TRANSFORMERS MODEL IS CHANGED : 0.75000
: 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER RESISTANCE (PU)
NUMBER OF TRANSMISSION LINES : 3 : 0.00000
NUMBER OF SERIES REACTORS : 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER REACTANCE (PU)
NUMBER OF SERIES CAPACITORS : 0 : 0.00010
NUMBER OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS : 0 TRANSFORMER R/X RATIO :
NUMBER OF SHUNT REACTORS : 0 0.05000
NUMBER OF SHUNT CAPACITORS : 0 -----------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF SHUNT IMPEDANCES : 0 -------------------
NUMBER OF GENERATORS : 2 ANNUAL PERCENTAGE INTEREST
NUMBER OF LOADS : 2 CHARGES : 15.000
NUMBER OF LOAD CHARACTERISTICS : ANNUAL PERCENT OPERATION &
0 NUMBER OF UNDER FREQUENCY MAINTENANCE CHARGES : 4.000
RELAY: 0NUMBER OF GEN CAPABILITY LIFE OF EQUIPMENT IN YEARS
CURVES: 0 NUMBER OF FILTERS : 20.000
: 0 ENERGY UNIT CHARGE (KWHOUR)
NUMBER OF TIE LINE SCHEDULES : 0 : 2.500 Rs
NUMBER OF CONVERTORS : 0 LOSS LOAD FACTOR :
NUMBER OF DC LINKS : 0 0.300
NUMBER OF SHUNT CONNECTED FACTS: COST PER MVAR IN LAKHS :
0 5.000 Rs
POWER FORCED LINES : 0 -----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
NUMBER OF TCSC CONNECTED : 0 ZONE WISE MULTIPLICATION FACTORS
NUMBER OF SPS CONNECTED : 0 ZONE P LOAD Q LOAD P GEN Q GEN
NUMBER OF UPFC CONNECTED : 0 SH REACT SH CAP C LOAD
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --
----------------------------------------------------------- ------
-------------------- 0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
LOAD FLOW - FAST DE-COUPLED 1.000 1.000
TECHNIQUE : 0 1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
NUMBER OF ZONES : 1 1.000 1.000
PRINT OPTION : 3- -----------------------------------------------------------
BOTH DATA AND RESULTS PRINT --------------------
PLOT OPTION : 1- BUS DATA
PLOTTING WITH PU VOLTAGE
NO FREQUENCY DEPENDENT LOAD BUS NO. AREA ZONE BUS KV VMIN-PU
FLOW, CONTROL OPTION: 0 VMAX-PU NAME
BASE MVA : ------- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- --------
100.000000 1 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus1
2 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus2

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

3 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus3 3

0
----------------------------------------------------------- 2 3 Bus3 50.000 20.000 0.000 0.000
- 100.000 1.000 0 0
TRANSMISSION LINE DATA 3
0
STA CKT FROM FROM TO TO -----------------------------------------------------------
LINE PARAMETER RATING KMS kV -
NODE NAME* NODE NAME* TOTAL SPECIFIED MW GENERATION :
R(P.U) X(P.U.) B/2(P.U.) MVA 450.00000
--- --- ---- -------- ---- -------- --------- --------- ----- TOTAL MIN MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR
- : 140.00000
3 1 1 Bus1 2 Bus2 0.04000 TOTAL MAX MVAR LIMIT OF
0.16006 0.15000 250 1.0 GENERATOR : 235.83100
3 1 1 Bus1 3 Bus3 0.01000 TOTAL SPECIFIED MW LOAD :
0.08000 0.07000 250 1.0 300.00000 reduced 300.00000
3 1 2 Bus2 3 Bus3 0.03000 TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR LOAD :
0.10000 0.04000 250 1.0 170.00000 reduced 170.00000
----------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR COMPENSATION
----------------------------------------------------------- : 0.00000 reduced 0.00000
- -----------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL LINE CHARGING SUSCEPTANCE -
: 0.52000 TOTAL (Including out of service units)
TOTAL LINE CHARGING MVAR AT 1 PU TOTAL SPECIFIED MW GENERATION :
VOLTAGE : 52.000 450.00000
----------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL MIN MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR
- : 140.00000
TOTAL CAPACITIVE SUSCEPTANCE : TOTAL MAX MVAR LIMIT OF
0.00000 pu - 0.000 MVAR GENERATOR : 235.83100
TOTAL INDUCTIVE SUSCEPTANCE : TOTAL SPECIFIED MW LOAD :
0.00000 pu - 0.000 MVAR 300.00000 reduced 300.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR LOAD :
----------------------------------------------------------- 170.00000 reduced 170.00000
GENERATOR DATA TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR COMPENSATION
: 0.00000 reduced 0.00000
SL.NO* FROM FROM REAL Q-MIN
Q-MAX V-SPEC CAP. MVA STAT -----------------------------------------------------------
NODE NAME* POWER(MW) MVAR -
MVAR P.U. CURV RATING GENERATOR DATA FOR FREQUENCY
------ ---- -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- DEPENDENT LOAD FLOW
-
1 1 Bus1 250.0000 70.0000 165.8310 SLNO* FROM FROM P-RATE P-MIN
1.0000 0 300.00 3 P-MAX %DROOP PARTICI BIAS
2 2 Bus2 200.0000 70.0000 70.0000 NODE NAME* MW MW
1.0000 0 250.00 3 MW FACTOR SETTING
C0 C1
----------------------------------------------------------- C2
- ------ ---- -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- -
LOAD DATA -
1 1 Bus1 250.000 0.0000 250.0000
SLNO FROM FROM REAL REACTIVE 4.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COMP COMPENSATING MVAR VALUE 100.0000
CHAR F/V 10.0000 0.0000
* NODE NAME* MW MVAR 2 2 Bus2 200.000 0.0000 200.0000
MVAR MIN MAX STEP NO NO 4.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
STAT 0.0000
---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------
1 2 Bus2 250.000 150.000 0.000 0.000 --------------------
100.000 1.000 0 0 Slack bus angle (degrees) : 0.00

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Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
- -
TOTAL NUMBER OF ISLANDS IN THE LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES
GIVEN SYSTEM : 1
TOTAL NUMBER OF ISLANDS HAVING SLNO CS FROM FROM TO TO
ATLEAST ONE GENERATOR : 1 FORWARD LOSS %
SLACK BUSES CONSIDERED FOR THE NODE NAME NODE NAME MW
STUDY MVAR MW MVAR LOADING
ISLAND NO. SLACK BUS NAME ---- -- ---- -------- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------
SPECIFIED MW -
---------- --------- -------- ------------ 1 1 1 Bus1 2 Bus2 39.327 24.288
1 1 Bus1 250.000 1.2360 -22.8217 26.3^
2 1 1 Bus1 3 Bus3 62.867 38.401
----------------------------------------------------------- 0.6014 -8.6200 32.6^
- 3 1 2 Bus2 3 Bus3 -11.921 -32.935
0.3574 -5.8880 15.2&
ITERATION MAX P BUS MAX P MAX -----------------------------------------------------------
Q BUS MAX Q -
COUNT NUMBER PER UNIT ! NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BEYOND
NUMBER PER UNIT 125% : 0
--------- --------- -------- --------- -------- @ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
1 2 0.500 3 0.149 100% AND 125% : 0
2 2 0.055 3 0.006 # NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
3 2 0.004 3 0.000 75% AND 100% : 0
4 2 0.000 3 0.000 $ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
5 2 0.000 2 0.822 50% AND 75% : 0
6 2 0.170 3 0.029 ^ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
7 2 0.019 3 0.003 25% AND 50% : 2
8 2 0.001 2 0.000 & NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
9 3 0.000 2 0.000 1% AND 25% : 1
Number of p iterations : 6 and Number of q * NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN
iterations : 7 0% AND 1% : 0
-----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -
- ISLAND FREQUENCY SLACK-BUS
BUS VOLTAGES AND POWERS CONVERGED(1)
------ --------- ----------- ------------
NODE FROM V-MAG ANGLE MW 1 50.00000 1 0
MVAR MW MVAR MVAR
NO. NAME P.U. DEGREE GEN -----------------------------------------------------------
GEN LOAD LOAD COMP -
---- -------- ------ ------ -------- -------- -------- ---- Summary of results
---- -------- TOTAL REAL POWER GENERATION :
1 Bus1 1.0000 0.00 102.194 62.689 302.194 MW
0.000 0.000 0.000 < TOTAL REAL POWER INJECT,-ve L :
2 Bus2 0.9226 -2.93 200.000 70.000 0.000 MW
250.000 150.000 0.000 @ TOTAL REACT. POWER GENERATION :
3 Bus3 0.9585 -2.74 0.000 0.000 132.689 MVAR
50.000 20.000 0.000 GENERATION pf : 0.916
-----------------------------------------------------------
- TOTAL SHUNT REACTOR INJECTION : -
NUMBER OF BUSES EXCEEDING 0.000 MW
MINIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT (@ mark) : 1 TOTAL SHUNT REACTOR INJECTION : -
NUMBER OF BUSES EXCEEDING 0.000 MVAR
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT (# mark) : 0
NUMBER OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING TOTAL SHUNT CAPACIT.INJECTION : -
MINIMUM Q LIMIT (< mark) : 1 0.000 MW
NUMBER OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING TOTAL SHUNT CAPACIT.INJECTION : -
MAXIMUM Q LIMIT (> mark) : 0 0.000 MVAR

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Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

TOTAL TCSC REACTIVE DRAWL : ------ -------- --------

0.000 MVAR 1 -----

TOTAL SPS REACTIVE DRAWL : Area wise distribution

0.000 MVAR Description Area # 1
---------------- ----------
TOTAL UPFC FACTS. INJECTION : - MW generation 302.1941
0.0000 MVAR
MVAR generation 132.6894
TOTAL SHUNT FACTS.INJECTION :
0.000 MVAR MW load 300.0000
TOTAL SHUNT FACTS.DRAWAL :
0.000 MVAR MVAR load 170.0000

TOTAL REAL POWER LOAD : 300.000 MVAR compensation 0.0000

MW
TOTAL REAL POWER DRAWAL -ve g : MW loss 2.1948
0.000 MW
TOTAL REACTIVE POWER LOAD : MVAR loss -37.3297
170.000 MVAR
LOAD pf : 0.870 MVAR - inductive 0.0000
TOTAL COMPENSATION AT LOADS :
0.000 MVAR MVAR - capacitive 0.0000
TOTAL HVDC REACTIVE POWER :
0.000 MVAR -------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL REAL POWER LOSS (AC+DC) : --------------------
2.194845 MW ( 2.194845+ 0.000000) Date and Time : Fri Oct 17 12:23:30 2014
PERCENTAGE REAL LOSS (AC+DC) : -----------------------------------------------------------
0.726 -
TOTAL REACTIVE POWER LOSS : -
37.329685 MVAR VI. OUTPUT RESULT OF LOAD FLOW
ANALYSIS
-----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
Zone wise distribution
Description Zone # 1
---------------- ----------
MW generation 302.1941

MVAR generation 132.6894

MW load 300.0000

MVAR load 170.0000

MVAR compensation 0.0000

MW loss 2.1948

MVAR loss -37.3297

MVAR - inductive 0.0000 Figure-3 Output Result of Load Flow Analysis

MVAR - capacitive 0.0000

-----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
Zone wise export(+ve)/import(-ve)
Zone # 1 MW & MVAR

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
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Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

VII. CONCLUSION
Power flow or load-flow studies are important for planning future
expansion of power systems as well as in determining the best
operation of existing systems. The principal information obtained
from the power flow study is the magnitude and phase angle of the
voltage at each bus, and the real and reactive power flowing in each
line. In this paper, Gauss-Siedel method is used for analyzing the
load flow of the IEEE-3 bus systems. This is verified by using the
guass-seidel method and Mipower for 3 bus system. This Mipower
software can be applicable for any number of buses. The standard
IEEE 3 bus input data is used for IEEE 3 bus system .The future
scope for this project can be extended with Newton-Raphson
method and Fast Decoupled methods.
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