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CONTENTS

ERRATA xv

I SOME ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS 1

1.1 Elasticity Theory Results 2


Boundary Value Problem Formulation, 3
Strain Energy, 4
Symmetry Properties, 5
Minimum Theorems, 7
Relationship to Viscous Fluid Theory, 9
Notation, 10
1.2 Vilasticity Theory 11
Stress-Strain Relations, 11
Viscoelastic Fluid Behavior, 15
Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle, 17
Wave Propagation, 17
13 Plasticity Theory 18
Constitutive Assumptions, 19
Yield Functions, 21
Flow Rule, 21
Work Hardening, 22
1.4 Eshelby’s Formula 23
References 30
x cmtents

I1 EFFECTWE MODULI: SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS 31

2.1 ’Ibe Concept of Equivalent Homogeneity 32


Volumetric Averaging, 34
Dilute Suspensions, 37
Energy Methods, 38
2.2 Dilute Suspension, Spherical Inclusions 41
Shear Modulus, 41
Bulk Modulus, 47
2 3 Composite Spheres Model 47
Bulk Modulus, 48
Shear Modulus, 51
2.4 ATbree Phase Model 52
2.5 Tbe Self-Consistent Scheme 59
2.6 A Concentrated Suspension Model 61
2.7 Some General Observations 67
Problems 70
References 71

Ill EFFECTIYE MODULI: CYLINDRICAL AND LAMELLAR


SYSTEMS 73

3.1 Transversely Isotropic Media 74


Modulus Properties, 75
Compliance Properties, 78
Bounds on Poisson’s Ratios, 79
3.2 Composite Cylinders Model 80
Uniaxial Modulus, 81
Other Properties, 83
3 3 A Model for the Transverse Shear of a Fiber System
3.4 Finite Length Fiber Effects
General Method, 90
Shear Properties, 93
Uniaxial Modulus and Other Properties, 96
xi

3.5 A Dilute Suspension of Randomly Oriented Platelets 100


Problems 104

References 105

lV BOUNDS O N EFFECTIVE MODULI AND FURTHER RESULTS 106

4.1 Bounds on Isotropic Effective Moduli 107


Upper Bound Development, 109
Strain Field, 112
Explicit Bounds, 1 15
4.2 Bounds on Transversely Isotropic Effective Moduli 118
43 Interpretation of Effective Moduli and Associated Bounds 119
4.4 Some Isotropic Properties of Fiber Systems 124
Three-Dimensional Case, 124
Two-Dimensional Case, 129
Asymptotic Predictions, 13 1
4.5 Some Isotropic Properties of Platelet Systems 137
Two-Dimensional Case, 137
Three-Dimensional Case, 139
cEp<E, Case, 143
cEp>> Em,cEp>> k, Case, 143
Incompressible Case, 144
4.6 Summary of Effective Stiffness Properties and Conclusions 146
Problems 15U
References 151

V LAMINATES 152

5.1 Transformation Relations 153


Tensor Transformations, 156
Quasi-Isotropic Case, 158
5.2 Classical Theory of Laminated Plates 160
Governing Relations, 161
Special Cases, 165
xii amtents

5 3 CylindricalBending 167
Exact Solution, 167
Classical Solution, 170
Example, 171
5.4 High-Order Theory 174
5.5 Interlaminar Edge Effects 179
Problems 186
References 187

v1 ANALYSIS,STRENGTH, AND DESIGN 188

6.1 A Boundary Layer Theory of Anisotropic Elasticity 1tB


Two-Dimensional Theory, 190
Concentrated Force Example, 193
Crack Example, 196
6.2 Strength and Failure Criteria 199
Generalized Mises Criterion, 200
Tensor Polynomial Criterion, 200
Other Criteria and Considerations, 205
6 3 Design Example I: Fiber Reinforced Pressure Vessels 208
Cylindrical Vessel, 2 10
Spherical Vessel, 2 12
Hybrid Systems, 213
6.4 Design Example 11: Fiber Reinforced Flywheels 213
Analysis, 214
Evaluation of Results, 219
Design Considerations, 2 19
Problems 222
References 223

W WAYE PROPAGATION 225

7.1 Wave Character in Equivalent Homogeneous Media 226


7.2 Transmission and Reflection in Layered Media 228
contmts Xiii

Wave Speeds, 228


Wave Reflections, 230
73 Dispersion Relations 232
Wave Direction Normal to Layers, 232
Wave Direction Along Layers, 236
Typical Dispersion Curves, 241
7.4 Transient Wave Propagation: Layered Media 243
General Solution, 243
Initial Value Problems, 248
7 5 Transient Wave Propagation: Three-Dimensionally
Periodic Media w
7.6 Attenuation Due to Random Inhomogeneities 258
Wave Scattering Effects, 258
Mixture Theory Formulation, 262
Wave Dispersion and Attenuation, 264
7.7 A Mixture Theory Application: Dynamic Instability in
Fluidized Columos 265
Problems 271
References 271

VIII INELASTIC AND NONLINEAR EFFECTS 274

8.1 Plastic Deformation of Porous Media 275


8.2 Plastic Deformation of Fiber Systems 280
Yield Function, 281
Hardening Rule, 284
Flow Rule, 285
8.3 V i l a s t i c Properties of Composites un
Correspondence Principle Application, 288
Viscoelastic Bounds and Other Results, 290
Wave Behavior Example, 292
8.4 A V i l a s t i c Fluid Suspension Model 295
Small Deformation Characterization, 295
Non-Newtonian Flow Behavior, 298
xiv contents

8.5 Large Deformation of Fiber Systems 301


General Theory, 302
Deformation of a Cantilever Plate, 306
Problems 308
References 309

M EFFEcIlvE THERMAL PROPERTIES 311

9.1 ThermoelasticityTheory 311


Helmholtz Free Energy Derivation, 3 12
Gibbs Free Energy Derivation, 315
9.2 Thermal Conductivity 316
Spherical Inclusion Model, 3 17
Anisotropic Results, 3 19
93 Thermal Expansion Coefficient 321
9.4 Specific Heats 325
General Formulation, 326
Macroscopically Isotropic Case, 329
Transversely Isotropic Case, 333
9.5 Discussion of Results 336
Problems 337
References 338
Author Index 341
Subject Index 345

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