CAPITOLUL 6

1. For a benefit to qualify as a function of short-term mating, __________.

(a) the benefit had to be the same for both men and women who engaged in short-term
mating
(b) the benefit had to be recurrently reaped by those who engaged in short-term mating under
certain conditions
(c) the fitness costs of short-term mating had to outweigh the benefit
(d) the benefit must be present universally today as a result of modern short-term mating

2. Which of the following adaptive problems did ancestral men NOT face when pursuing a
short-term sexual strategy?
(a) identifying which women were sexually accessible
(b) identifying which women were fertile
(c) avoiding commitment
(d) retribution from the man's own kin

3. Men's preferences for a short-term partner are _________ relative to men's preferences for
a long-term partner.
(a) more stringent
(b) less stringent
(c) absent
(d) less masculine

4. Relative to men who pursue a long-term mating strategy, men pursuing a short-term mating
strategy are predicted to ___________ women who might demand commitment or investment
prior to consenting to sex.
(a) avoid
(b) find sexually attractive
(c) pursue
(d) find repulsive

5. If _______ women had mated monogamously, psychological mechanisms guiding a short-

6. Men's relatively large testes size provides one line of evidence that ancestral women
_____________.
(a) have psychological mechanisms designed to confuse paternity
(b) would have benefited by maximizing the likelihood of conception from any one
copulation
(c) sometimes simultaneously had sperm from two or males in their reproductive tract
(d) were faithful to their partners most of the time

7. Baker and Bellis found that men's sperm count ___________ as a function of the amount
of time the couple had spent apart since their last sexual encounter.

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(a) decreased
(b) increased
(c) remained roughly the same
(d) decreased slightly

8. Buss and Schmitt found that, compared to women, men are __________ willing to have
sexual intercourse after having known that person for five years.
(a) much more
(b) slightly less
(c) equally
(d) much less

9. Clarke and Hatfield found that _______ percent of men agreed to have sexual intercourse
after being propositioned by an attractive woman, whereas ________ percent of women
agreed to have sexual intercourse after being propositioned by an attractive man.
(a) 50; 25
(b) 60; 10
(c) 70; 0
(d) 75; 0

10. Compared to when they are seeking a long-term mate, men seeking a short-term mate
tend to reverse their preferences for ____________.
(a) kindness
(b) chastity
(c) physical attractiveness
(d) age

11. Men exhibit shifting standards even over the course of a single night. One study showed
that men tended to rate women as more attractive at midnight than at 9:00 p.m. This is
referred to as __________.
(a) Affective Valence Shift
(b) Contrast Effect
(c) Closing Time Phenomenon
(d) Beer Goggles

12. Men relax their standards across several attributes in pursuit of a short-term mate to solve
the problem of __________.
(a) gaining access to a greater variety of sexual partners
(b) increasing the opportunity of coming across women who are attracted to them
(c) more easily identifying women who seek a long-term partner
(d) decreasing the chances of gaining sexual access to a woman who is already mated

13. Men with more sex partners, relative to men with fewer sex partners, experience a(n)
__________ following short-term sexual intercourse.
(a) increase in attractiveness towards the partner
(b) decrease in attractiveness towards the partner
(c) increase in commitment towards the partner
(d) longer refractory period

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14. Men's ratings of women's attractiveness ___________ following short-term casual sex,
and women's ratings of men's attractiveness __________ following short-term casual sex.
(a) decrease; decrease
(b) decrease; increase
(c) increase; increase
(d) increase; decrease

15. Men's sexual fantasies, more often than women's, involve___________.

16. Women, more than men, fantasize about __________.

17. Researchers examined the types of sexual regret experienced by men and women and
found that __________.
(a) men tended to have regrets of sexual omission while women had regrets of sexual
commission
(b) men tended to have regrets of sexual commission while women had regrets of sexual
omission
(c) women had almost no sexual regrets
(d) men had almost no sexual regrets

18. What were the two key sources of regret after "hooking up" as experienced by men?
(a) being too intoxicated and that the woman was "out of his league"
(b) whether birth control was used and that the woman wanted a relationship
(c) that the woman had a mate and whether birth control was used
(d) that the woman wanted a relationship and being too intoxicated

19. Kinsey estimated that _________ percent of married men had extramarital affairs,
whereas _________ percent of women had them.
(a) 50; 26
(b) 35; 15
(c) 20; 10
(d) 80; 35

20. The prevalence of prostitution is a consequence of which of the following factors?

21. A woman retains _________ sperm when she has an orgasm than/as she does when she
does not.
(a) the same amount of

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(b) better quality
(c) fewer
(d) more
22. Baker and Bellis found that women are more likely to have extra-pair sex during the
________ phase of their menstrual cycle.
(a) luteal
(b) postovulatory
(c) ovulatory
(d) infertile

23. Mated women are ___________ to have an orgasm with their extra-pair partner than/as
they are with their long-term partner.
(a) not as likely
(b) equally likely
(c) less
(d) more likely

24. The paternity confusion hypothesis states that women _____________ to garner
____________.
(a) engage in short-term mating with multiple men; investment from each man in subsequent
offspring
(b) advertise sexual receptiveness to multiple men; investment from each man in her existing
children
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)

25. Genetic benefit hypotheses of women's short-term mating predict all of the following
benefits of short-term mating to women EXCEPT __________.
(a) enhanced fertility
(b) superior genes
(c) enhanced social standing
(d) different genes

26. Which of the following is NOT a hypothesized class of functions related to the benefits
women gain from short-term mating?
(a) mate switching
(b) short-term for long-term goals
(c) mate manipulation
(d) mate denial

27. Infanticide rates are highest among __________.

28. Mated women's reports of having extramarital affairs to fall in love or for emotional
intimacy support the __________.
(a) resource accrual hypothesis
(b) mate switching hypothesis

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(c) good genes hypothesis
(d) sexy sons hypothesis

29. Greiling and Buss found that the benefit judged most likely to be received by women
through short-term mating is __________.
(a) finding a better-looking partner
(b) finding a more desirable partner
(c) sexual gratification
(d) increased attention from a long-term partner

30. Which of the following is NOT a context likely to elicit a mated woman's pursuit of a
short-term mating strategy?
(a) Her long-term partner is high on conscientiousness.
(b) Her long-term partner cannot hold a job.
(c) Her long-term partner has poor job prospects.
(d) Her partner is low on emotional stability.

31. Research supporting the "good genes" theory of women's short-term mating has
documented that around ovulation, women increase their preferences for all of the following
EXCEPT __________.
(a) men with symmetrical features
(b) men who are socially dominant
(c) men who show interest in infants
(d) men with masculine faces

32. _________ symmetrical men are more likely to have sexual intercourse with women who
are __________.
(a) Less; more symmetrical
(b) Less; not involved in other relationships
(c) More; already in relationships
(d) More; less symmetrical

33. Ratings of the costs of reputational damage associated with a woman's pursuit of short-
term sex are __________ correlated with her score on the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory.
(a) positively
(b) negatively
(c) not
(d) significantly

34. Compared to women from intact homes, women from father-absent homes __________.
(a) lose their virginity later
(b) lose their virginity earlier
(c) reach puberty later
(d) have sexier sons

35. Men pursue a _______ strategy when women outnumber men and a ________ strategy
when men outnumber women.
(a) short-term; long-term
(b) short-term; short-term

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(c) long-term; long-term
(d) long-term; short-term

36. Mikach and Bailey found that _________ is a significant predictor of pursuit of a short-
term mating strategy for women.
(a) mate value
(b) self-esteem
(c) waist-to-hip ratio
(d) facial symmetry

37. Men with higher ______________ are more likely to succeed in short-term mating.
(a) social dominance
(b) athletic skill
(c) shoulder-to-hip ratio
(d) all of the above

38. One study investigated sex differences in willingness to have sex with a partner at various
levels of physical attractiveness. Which of the following accurately depicts the percentages of
men and women willing to sleep with members of the opposite sex at the indicated
attractiveness levels?
(a) Men: 14 percent slightly unattractive, 70 percent extremely attractive; Women: 5 percent
slightly unattractive, 24 percent extremely attractive
(b) Men: 14 percent slightly unattractive, 70 percent extremely attractive; Women: 0 percent
slightly unattractive, 12 percent extremely attractive
(c) Men: 65 percent slightly unattractive, 82 percent extremely attractive; Women: 5 percent
slightly unattractive, 24 percent extremely attractive
(d) Men: 75 percent slightly unattractive, 98 percent extremely attractive; Women: 0 percent
slightly unattractive, 12 percent extremely attractive

39. Some theorists argue that sex differences in mating strategies are caused by societal
gender inequalities. Countries such as Norway, that are extremely egalitarian, should show an
attenuation of sex differences in mating motivation and behaviors. What are men's and
women's mating strategies like in Norway?
(a) Men and women desire nearly the same number of sex partners over the next thirty years.
(b) Men desire five times as many sex partners over the next thirty years compared to
women.
(c) Some mate preferences actually reversed: women preferred attractive mates more than
men who preferred mates with resources.
(d) Men engage in less short-term mating than women.

40. Two recent studies attempted to separate the contributions of facial and bodily
information to overall attractiveness or desirability judgments. Both studies documented the
same sex-by-mating-strategy interaction effect. Which contention do these results support?
(a) Men glean information about a woman's reproductive value more from her body than
from her face.
(b) Men glean information about a woman's immediate fertility more from her body than
from her face.
(c) Women signal their sexual receptivity in their face more than in their body.
(d) Women possess bodily cues to long-term mating interest.

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41. Men report that their ideal outcome of a "hookup" is ____________; women report that
their ideal outcome of a "hookup" is ___________.
(a) more hookups; a long-term romantic relationship
(b) becoming friends with benefits; more hookups
(c) a long-term romantic relationship; a long-term romantic relationship
(d) more hookups; more hookups

42. What explanation was offered for the fact that men report more "friends with benefits"
relationships than women (when they must be equal in the population)?
(a) There are more sexually active men than women among college undergraduates.
(b) There are more sexually active women than men among college undergraduates.
(c) Men construe sexual access as "friends with benefits" while women perceive it as the
beginning of a committed relationship.
(d) Women construe sexual access as "friends with benefits" while men perceive it as the
beginning of a committed relationship.

43. One study asked participants to guess the mating strategy of videotaped female
participants and documented a large correlation between their guesses and the actual
strategies the participants reported. When asked which cues they used to gauge the mating
strategy, they listed several. Which of the following was actually correlated wish the women's
reported mating strategy?
(a) smiling
(b) laughing
(c) eyebrow flashes
(d) all of the above

44. Evolutionary psychologists have begun to study women's social behavior as it varies
across the menstrual cycle. Durante and colleagues documented that __________.
(a) women pursuing a short-term mating strategy wear more revealing clothing when
ovulating
(b) women pursuing a long-term mating strategy wear more revealing clothing when
ovulating
(c) more attractive women wear more revealing clothing when ovulating
(d) less attractive women wear more revealing clothing when ovulating

45. Which of the following characterizes most women who pursue short-term mating
strategies compared to women who pursue long-term mating strategies?
(a) more feminine
(b) more masculine
(c) lower preferences for facial masculinity in mates
(d) none of the above

46. Sexually unrestricted men tend to prefer mates with lower waist-to-hip ratios than
sexually restricted men. This supports which of the following contentions?
(a) Men interested in casual sex consciously prefer mates who are currently able to conceive
offspring.
(b) Short-term oriented men are more physically attractive than long-term oriented men.
(c) Men who prefer short-term sexual relationships find ovulating women less attractive than

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non-ovulating women.
(d) Men oriented toward short-term mating prioritize cues to immediate fertility.

47. When girls experience sexual abuse during childhood, their menarche begins earlier and
they engage in sexual activity at an earlier age. This has been hypothesized to be because
__________.
(a) females shift their reproductive strategy to a slow, high-investment style after
experiencing harsh early environments
(b) men who are absent parents pass this tendency toward a fast, low-investment reproductive
style onto their daughters genetically
(c) childhood sexual abuse increases the probability of reproduction
(d) all of the above

48. Which of the following is true of the relationship between women's attractiveness and
their preferred mating strategy?
(a) Women with lower WHRs pursue short-term mating strategies.
(b) Women with more feminine facial features pursue short-term mating strategies.
(c) Women who are less attractive are perceived by others to be more promiscuous.
(d) all of the above

49. Particularly among men, the Dark Triad of personality traits is associated with pursuing a
short-term mating strategy. The Dark Triad consists of __________.
(a) narcissism, extraversion, and self-monitoring
(b) self-monitoring, psychopathy, and extraversion
(c) narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism
(d) Machiavellianism, extraversion, and self-monitoring

50. Men pursue a _______ strategy when the sex ratio (number of males to females) is low
and a ________ strategy when the sex ratio is high.
Selected Answer: d. long-term; short- term
a. short-term; long- term
b. short-term; short-term
c. long-term; long- term
d. long-term; short- term