Machinery Lubrication November December 2017 PDF

November - December 2017
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November - December 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AS I SEE IT 2 COVER STORY

Managing the Perils of Short-volume 100 Ways to Improve Your Lubrication Program
Oil Changes To commemorate its 100th issue, Machinery Lubrication presents 100 things
you should know to develop a world-class lubrication program.
6
HYDRAULICS 28
How Directional Valves Affect Oil Flow
in Hydraulic Systems
LUBE-TIPS 36
IN THE TRENCHES 38
Best Practices for Lubricating
Paper Machines
PERSPECTIVE 44
Selecting Lubricants
for Pharmaceutical Facilities
TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION 50

Online Tools Can Simplify
the Certification Process
2017 LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE

Getting Bottom-line Results from a Lube Room Transformation
Designing a proper lube room not only is an important step in the journey toward
lubrication excellence but can also increase a company’s bottom line.
18
BACK PAGE BASICS 54
4 Grease Tests for Centralized
Lubrication Systems
EDITORIAL FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 42 Test Your Knowledge

34 Get to Know 32 Product News 43 Bookstore
37 Now on MachineryLubrication.com 41 Product Supermarket 48 Ask the Experts
Jim Fitch | Noria Corporation
AS I SEE IT Oil Changes
Managing the Perils of

Short-volume Oil Changes
The term “short-volume oil change”

(SVOC) relates primarily to circulating
oil systems. An SVOC occurs when an
oil change (either scheduled or condi-
tion-based) only involves draining and refilling the oil in
the system tank or sump. All or some significant portion
of the oil remaining in the oil lines, hoses, bearings,
pumps, filters, actuators, valves, heat exchangers, etc.,
is not changed. In other words, it is a partial oil change.
From a practical standpoint, when oil is drained from
machines, there is always some residual amount that, at
minimum, occludes to interior surfaces and becomes
trapped in low regions, quiescent zones, and other nooks
and crannies. For example, after an oil drain, diesel
engines typically retain approximately 15 percent of their
previous oil. When the engine is refilled with new oil, you
end up with an 85-to-15 new-oil-to-used-oil blend.
“
The main concern with this practice is the influence
the used oil has on the health of the blended new oil
charge. If the used oil was low in volume and relatively
healthy, the performance and life expediency of the associated accelerated wear when the machine is restarted
new oil blend can be acceptable. Conversely, if the used
due to delayed lubrication (dry start). These conditions
oil was contaminated and/or heavily degraded from
It takes less than extended use, the performance and life expectancy of
are the result of the time required to refill the lines and
components with oil, purging out air, etc. Of course,
5 percent oxidized the new oil blend can be sharply affected. For instance,
it takes less than 5 percent oxidized oil mixed with new many large systems have auxiliary pumps that pre-lube
oil mixed with new oil to reduce the oxidation stability of the new oil by the system. Other machines may not have this feature.
oil to reduce the more than 90 percent. Furthermore, performing a complete system drain
can disturb sludge, sediment and deposits. To read
oxidation stability Why Perform a Short-volume more about this, see my article on oil flushing tips to
of the new oil by Oil Change? address the fishbowl effect at MachineryLubrication.com.
There are several good reasons to perform an SVOC. Unless these solid impurities can be fully purged from
more than
One is that it’s simply less disruption to the system. This the system, they can mobilize within the machine and
90 percent.” includes avoiding the risk of dry start conditions and cause new problems (e.g., motion impediment, restricted
2 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Machinery
Lubrication ML
PUBLISHER
Mike Ramsey - [email protected]
GROUP PUBLISHER
Brett O’Kelley - [email protected]
oil ways, etc.). Leaks may also occur suddenly left. Of course, you should change the oil long EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
in areas where there was no leakage. For more before this point. Jason Sowards - [email protected]
information on this condition, see my article on For simplicity, let’s assume the antioxidant SENIOR EDITOR
oil clotting and the adrenaline effect at Machin- concentration of new oil is 100. At the time Jim Fitch - [email protected]
eryLubrication.com. of the SVOC, the used oil had an antioxidant TECHNICAL WRITERS
Wes Cash - [email protected]
Unlike an SVOC, where perhaps only 40 level of 25. The 40-percent SVOC resulted in a Alejandro Meza - [email protected]
percent of the actual oil charge is drained (see blended antioxidant concentration of 55, or 55 Bennett Fitch - [email protected]
Loren Green - [email protected]
Figure 1), a full-volume oil change (FVOC) can percent RUL of the blended oil. This equates Michael Brown - [email protected]
take much longer. Additionally, there is much to just more than half of the new oil’s designed Garrett Bapp - [email protected]
more oil involved and higher associated costs. service life. CREATIVE DIRECTOR
That said, the service life of an FVOC should Ryan Kiker - [email protected]
be disproportionally longer than an SVOC. Lurking Dangers GRAPHIC ARTISTS
For example, the life of an FVOC may be three Perhaps the most serious hazard relates to Patrick Clark - [email protected]
Josh Couch - [email protected]
times longer than a 40-percent SVOC (40 current oxidation of the oil being drained. These Greg Rex - [email protected]
percent new oil blended with 60 percent used oxides spread rapidly like food coloring in a
ADVERTISING SALES
oil), and this assumes the used oil is relatively pitcher of water. They typically consist of chem- Tim Davidson - [email protected]
healthy and contaminant free. ically reactive hydroperoxides and free radicals 800-597-5460, ext. 224
One way to define a lubricant’s remaining that can burn through antioxidants coming in MEDIA PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
useful life (RUL) in a machine is to identify with the new oil in short order. Libby Bahlinger - [email protected]
the remaining useful life of the additive system. You might think of these reactive chemicals CORRESPONDENCE
Most additives are sacrificial. In other words, as an infection. It’s like sending nine healthy You may address articles, case studies,
they give up their life to save the oil and the people into a room with a person ailing from special requests and other correspondence to:
a contagious disease. The good health of Editor-in-Chief
machine. As such, if they don’t die, they aren’t MACHINERY LUBRICATION
effective. While they are working, they are the nine doesn’t cure the disease of the one. Noria Corporation
depleting. Eventually, no reserve additives are On the contrary, you end up with 10 very 1328 E. 43rd Court • Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105
Phone: 918-749-1400 Fax: 918-746-0925
Email address: [email protected]
60% Oil Volume
MACHINERY LUBRICATION Volume 17 - Issue 6 November-December

2017 (USPS 021-695) is published bimonthly by Noria Corporation,
1328 E. 43rd Court, Tulsa, OK 74105-4124. Periodicals postage paid
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Copyright © 2017 Noria Corporation. Noria, Machinery Lubrication and

associated logos are trademarks of Noria Corporation. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express
written permission of Noria Corporation is prohibited. Machinery Lubri-
cation is an independently produced publication of Noria Corporation.
Noria Corporation reserves the right, with respect to submissions, to
revise, republish and authorize its readers to use the tips and articles
submitted for personal and commercial use. The opinions of those inter-
viewed and those who write articles for this magazine are not necessarily
40% Oil Volume shared by Noria Corporation.
CONTENT NOTICE: The recommendations and information provided in

Machinery Lubrication and its related information properties do not purport
to address all of the safety concerns that may exist. It is the responsibility of
the user to follow appropriate safety and health practices. Further, Noria
does not make any representations, warranties, express or implied, regarding
the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information or recommen-
dations provided herewith. Noria shall not be liable for any injuries, loss of
Figure 1. In many large-volume circulating oil systems, changing the tank oil alone results profits, business, goodwill, data, interruption of business, nor for incidental
or consequential merchantability or fitness of purpose, or damages related
in nearly 40 percent of the full volume being drained and changed. to the use of information or recommendations provided.
AS I SEE IT
SVOC FOLLOWED
DOUBLE OIL CHANGE BY LINE PURGE
SVOC Approximate percentage of old oil Approximate percentage of old
Percentage of remaining old oil after the remaining after draining and refilling oil remaining after performing an
MACHINE OR tank is drained and refilled with new oil. the tank, followed by oil circulation. The SVOC, followed by diverting old line
SYSTEM This is machine dependent. drain-and-fill is then repeated. oil to waste.
A 60% 36% 12%
B 40% 16% 8%
C 30% 9% 6%
D 20% 4% 4%
E 10% 1% 2%
F 5% 0.25% 0.5%
Figure 2. The amount sick people. Any time a lubricant is oxidized (e.g., a means when new oil enters a machine, some of the
of used oil remain- viscosity increase, dark opaque color, elevated acid varnish and deposits from the previous oil can be
ing in a system after number, pungent odor, etc.), a complete system flush cleaned away quickly. This devarnishing occurs when
performing an SVOC, is required to purge the infection. Oil analysis can help the oil has residual IHC aided by a higher operating
a double oil change
and an SVOC followed
schedule oil changes well in advance of base oil oxida- temperature. Much of this can be lost due to an SVOC.
by a line purge (refer tion. Although less common, a similar problem occurs To learn more about IHC, read the article titled “What
to the narrative on the when a system is infected with microbial contamina- is Your Oil’s Impurity-holding Capacity (IHC)?” at
following page) tion (bacteria or fungi). MachineryLubrication.com.
One of the advantages of an oil change is the oppor-
tunity to expunge ghost riders from your oil. Ghost Better Demulsibility
riders are the microscopic hard particles that accumu- Most lubricants should demulsify water rapidly to
late in oil over time. They are smaller mitigate damage to the oil and the machine. Solid and
than the pore size of the onboard oil dissolved impurities of nearly all
44%
filter. If you are using a 10-micron types build up in used oil and can
oil filter, particles smaller than inhibit demulsibility. These are
10 microns will circulate freely passed on to the blended new and
and unabated by filtration. The used oil after an SVOC.
filter selectively removes only the
particles larger than 10 microns. of lubrication professionals
Improved Air-handling
As new particles ingress during perform short-volume or partial Ability
normal operation, the small ghost oil changes at their plant, based For the same reasons an
riders continue to grow in popula- on a recent survey at
FVOC is beneficial for demul-
MachineryLubrication.com
tion until the oil is changed. sibility, it is also good for a
The problem with these ghost lubricant’s efficient air release and
riders is that they can do many low foam tendency/stability.
harmful things to machines. For instance, anywhere
there is elastohydrodynamic lubrication (e.g., rolling-el- Longer Filter Life
ement bearings), these small particles can readily bridge The impact of soft contaminants (sludge, varnish
the working clearance, damaging bearing surfaces in insolubles, oxides, dead additives, etc.) on filter life can
the load zone. Where boundary lubrication exists be substantial. Soft contaminants are the product of oil
(starts, stops, slow-moving surfaces, misalignment, aging. As such, they are purged with FVOCs but less so
starved oil conditions, etc.), the ghost riders will cause with SVOCs.
the vast majority of the damage (three-body abrasion
and surface fatigue). Good Oil Analysis Baseline
The following are additional benefits of an FVOC Another disadvantage of an SVOC relates to oil anal-
versus an SVOC: ysis. Good oil analysis needs a reliable and consistent new
oil baseline. Most oil analysis alarms are set as an offset
Machine Devarnishing to this baseline. If the baseline has been corrupted by
New oil usually has a relatively high impurity- blending new oil with old oil, so too is the effectiveness
holding capacity (IHC) compared to used oil. This (precision) of the oil analysis data interpretation.

ML
SVOC Alternatives Alternate procedures can achieve through effective oil analysis and
Fully purging a system of oil can similar results depending on the inspection. When done correctly,
be a difficult challenge. This is espe- machine/system involved. these methods will enable you to
cially true with completely flooded achieve optimum results. ML
lines and system components. The
Role of Oil Analysis
Oil analysis and Inspection About the Author
procedure may require partitioning Jim Fitch has a wealth of “in
2.0 can substantially improve
the system, followed by breaking the trenches” experience in lubri-
the outcome of SVOCs and miti-
into lines in low zones to drain cation, oil analysis, tribology and
gate the risks. This is largely the
used oil and aided by air vents in machinery failure investigations.
practice of carefully monitoring
higher zones. There are a couple of the aging health of the used oil Over the past two decades, he has
alternatives to consider based on the and recognizing the sudden and presented hundreds of courses on
machine, the operating conditions escalating presence of a problem. these subjects. Jim has also published
and the need for an FVOC. These Issues might include premature oil more than 200 technical articles,
include the following (see also the oxidation, the need for dehydration papers and publications. He serves as
table in Figure 2): or portable filtration, rising varnish a U.S. delegate to the ISO tribology
potential, the need for additive and oil analysis working group. Since
Bleed-and-Feed
reconstruction and abnormal ghost 2002, he has been the director and
This type of oil change normally a board member of the International
rider concentration.
can be performed on the run for For large and critical systems, Council for Machinery Lubrication.
stationary equipment without the the timing of the oil change is key. He is the CEO and a co-founder of
loss of machine runtime. The process The best way to ensure good timing Noria Corporation. Contact Jim at
involves the progressive draining is to allow the oil to talk to you [email protected].
of tank oil and the addition of an
equal amount of new oil, all while
the oil remains circulating. For
heavily degraded lube oil, it may
take the equivalent of three or four
oil changes (in new oil volume) to
achieve the target level of oil quality
and performance.
Double Oil Change

This will require a machine stop-
page. The tank is drained and refilled
in the same manner as with a normal
SVOC. The oil is then brought back
to operating temperature while
circulating. Afterward, the oil tank
is drained and refilled again.
SVOC Followed by a Line Purge

After the tank has been drained
and refilled with new oil, the auxil-
iary pump is started and the new
oil is pushed into the system. The
old oil is not returned to the tank
but rather diverted to waste until
most of the old line oil has been
discharged. The tank is then refilled
to the correct level, and the return
line is reconnected to the tank.
www.machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 5

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COVER STORY

ML
To commemorate its 100th issue,

Machinery Lubrication presents 100 3
things you should know to develop
a world-class lubrication program.
Whether you are in the initial stages of implementing
a new program or already have a well-established
program in place, you should find numerous ideas
that can help, with advice from each of the 100 issues.
1. Be Proactive
When applied correctly, a proactive maintenance
strategy can double or triple lubricant service life.
This is achieved by reducing the conditions that
stress an oil (cleaner, cooler, drier, etc.).
2. Know Your
Lubrication Needs
The next time you award a supply contract for
lubrication, take the time to actually determine your
company’s needs. The process may reveal that you 7. Consider Single-point
have been paying for services that you don’t value or
would prefer to buy elsewhere.
Lubricators
Depending on the application, single-point lubri-
3. Skills Foster cators can extend the life of rotating equipment and
Reliability increase reliability while significantly reducing the
cost of applying the lubricant.
If what you want most is to avoid machine failure,
then what you need most are maintenance skills that 8. Use Performance
foster intrinsic machine reliability. Metrics
4. Set Target If used properly, a performance metric works like
Cleanliness Levels a compass. It helps you find your bearings and get
on the right track when performance is substandard.
The first step of a contamination control program Once the organization is performing on target,
is to identify a machine’s target cleanliness level. metrics help to keep it on track and facilitate contin-
A specific quantifiable number (ISO Code, for uous improvement.
instance) should be assigned to each machine based
on contaminant tolerance, operating environment 9. Follow the Root-cause Trail
and motivation for machine reliability.
Machines don’t just die; they’re murdered. If you
follow the root-cause trail, you will likely find a
5. Design Simple Lube smoking gun in the hands of one or more well-inten-
Inspection Routes tioned individuals (operator, craftsman, technician,
Design lubrication inspection routes comprised mechanic, engineer, etc.) who simply didn’t know
almost entirely of questions that the inspector can any better.
answer “yes” or “no,” or as “OK” or “not OK.” This
keeps the process fast and simple. 10. Achieve a Cultural
Transformation
6. Replace Business as Usual No single product or training course will accom-
Achieving lasting excellence in machinery lubri- plish cultural transformation because people resist
cation is neither difficult nor complex. It simply change by nature. A cultural transformation requires
requires a clear sense of purpose and the tenacity a clearly defined and cohesive plan that may take a
to replace the old business as usual with a new one. considerable period of time to fully accomplish.
machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 7

COVER STORY - 100th ISSUE
11. Requirements for a

World-class Lube Program 14
The best lubrication programs, often referred
to as world class, are those that have world-
class lubrication technicians, use world-class
lubricants and deploy world-class procedures.
12. Collaborate for

Lubrication Excellence
Lubrication excellence is a collaborative
process. By taking an active role in testing new
lubricants and giving constructive feedback to
your supplier, incremental improvements in
lubricant quality are bound to result.
13. Don’t Waste

Your Money
Saving money by buying cheap oil is almost
always a false economy. On the other extreme, are more time-consuming than the actual 20. Detecting Bearing
buying quality oil to remedy bad lubrication is construction work.
also a false economy.
Distress
16. The Importance Through the prudent use of temperature
14. Know the Dangers of a Good Education and vibration monitoring equipment, routine
of Grease Incompatibility Training and education develop top-drawer
oil analysis, lubrication system evaluations and
machine operational performance reviews,
Contemplating a switch of grease products lubrication skills and can give the dollop of
bearing distress may be identified and evalu-
brings to light the critical issue of compati- grease and the rolling-element bearing a long,
ated before catastrophic failure occurs.
bility. Before implementing a new product, happy life.
plant and maintenance engineers must weigh
all consequences of grease intermixing and the 17. How to Sell Your Project 21. When to Outsource
impact on equipment reliability, production Lubrication
It is incumbent upon the lubrication
levels and the bottom line. professional to translate a technically oriented Under the right circumstances, when
program proposal into results that a manager machinery lubrication is outsourced to create
15. Plan and Research understands and values. Whether you are value and competitive advantage, not just to
for a Better Lube Room selling your project to the executive suite or cut costs and/or window-dress the organiza-
A world-class lube room is not built over- the maintenance managers, fit the message to tion, it can be a winning strategy. It can help
night. The planning and research required the audience. foster or perpetuate a “best-in-world” attitude.
18. Ensure Fluid Cleanliness 22. Beware of Overheated

16 Maintaining fluid cleanliness is a job that’s Hydraulic Systems
never done. It involves a relentless cycle of Continuing to operate a hydraulic system
sampling and remedial action as necessary when the fluid is over-temperature is similar to
to ensure the appropriate cleanliness level is operating an internal combustion engine with
continuously maintained. high coolant temperature. Damage is guaran-
teed. Therefore, whenever a hydraulic system
19. Slow Down When starts to overheat, shut it down, identify the
Applying Grease cause and fix it.
Do not rush the application of grease, as this
can lead to oil bleeding in the feed line. Instead, 23. Invest in Reliability
apply using a constant force. Also, if the action Improvements made to assure proper lubri-
is too fast, grease will leak at the labyrinth seals. cation of your equipment will yield benefit

regardless of its age. However, early, reliability- 31. Don’t Blame the Lubricant
focused investments to build a lubrication 25 The universal panacea to a real or perceived
program that works and to accessorize equip-
ment for lubrication excellence will compound lubrication failure is to blame the lubricant.
Naively, we go looking for a better lubricant,
over time and maximize your returns.
when in actuality it may simply be how lubri-
24. Understand cation is performed that is at fault.
Wear Modes 32. The Value of Oil Analysis
It is estimated that 70 percent of machines If used correctly, oil analysis can be a
are removed from service due to degrada- valuable predictive and proactive diagnostics
tion of mechanical surfaces. Degradation tool. If used incorrectly, it can be a frustrating
may occur as a result of abrasive, adhesive, exercise in futility.
erosive, corrosive or fatigue-induced wear. A
clear understanding of how these wear modes 33. Match the Lubricant
develop will assist the lubrication technician in to the Application
understanding the importance of his/her role
Selecting lubricants for industrial gearing
in improving machine reliability.
is similar in most applications. To identify the
best choice for a given application, the right
25. Make Oil Filters
Last Longer 29. Follow Manufacturer viscosity, base oil and type of lubricant must
Instructions be selected and the appropriate performance
Oil filters last longer when they don’t get properties evaluated.
plugged with particles. Therefore, the best When relubricating electric motor bear-
strategy comes from working backward by ings, always follow the motor manufacturer’s 34. Knowledge Is Power
tracing the particle ingression pathway. specific instructions and do not use any When decisions are made to make improve-
lubricants other than those approved by the ments to your lubrication program, it is crucial
26. The Key to Lubrication manufacturer. that you decide what knowledge and to whom
Program Success it must be disseminated to facilitate and ensure
While there are a number of excellent
30. Paying for the quality of implementation and execution
companies that offer outstanding products Performance of these items.
and services to support precision lubrication, Properly selected high-performance lubri- 35. The Importance
it is the people — and more importantly their
attitudes and the pervasive culture within the
cants may create cost reductions many times of Proper Sampling
greater than the price differential between the
plant — which will do more to help the success Without proper sampling methods, the
product types. Selecting a performance option
or failure of the lubrication program than any value of oil analysis will be lost or severely
should be based on the effect derived from a diminished. The problem often lies in incon-
other single factor.
carefully engineered change, with the expected sistent and invalid data. Unless you can take
27. Select the results calculated into commonly accepted consistent, repeatable samples, it is impossible
financial terms.
Right Lubricant to establish useful alarms levels.
Selecting the proper lubricant is important

to sharply reduce long-term costs. The best-fit 32
product selection can mean longer lubricant
life, reduced machine wear, reduced incipient
power losses and improved safety.
28. Keep It Simple

Excellence in lubrication is a simple concept.
It is about getting the right lubricant in the right
place at the right time, making sure that lubricant
is supplied in the right quantity and ensuring the
lubricant is kept clean, dry and cool.

36. Use Your Senses

An effective proactive/predictive mainte-
37
nance program requires tools such as vibration,
thermography and oil analysis to scan, inspect
and determine the condition of machinery.
However, your eyes, ears and nose can also
be valuable condition monitoring tools and
require little training to be utilized effectively.
37. Make Better Use

of Filter Carts
Portable transfer/filter carts are versatile
and can be used for more than just transfer-
ring fluids. Other possible uses include offline
excellence. Think about lubrication excellence improve system performance, and reduce wear
filtration, cleaning stored lubes, flushing after
as a change in the process of lubrication, and deposits.
machine repair and rebuild, flushing during
rather than a solution that can be purchased,
equipment commissioning and draining a 46. How to Schedule
set and forgotten.
reservoir or sump.
Oil Changes
42. New Oil Is Seldom Clean
38. Prevent Lubrication Don’t schedule oil changes on large
Mistakes In the majority of cases, new oil is not volumes of lubricants unless your oil dictates
suitably clean for most applications. Whether the need. Deploy oil analysis to determine the
How can you error-proof against lubrica- tote tanks, drums or bulk tanks are used, it
tion mistakes? One obvious way is through need and timing of the oil change instead of
is usually simple and inexpensive to install
tagging — applying color- and shape-coded the calendar.
high-quality filters at the dispensing station to
tags to machines, transfer devices and storage
tanks to ensure that the wrong oil or grease is
achieve a desirable cleanliness for the new oil. 47. A Winning Combination
not accidentally added. 43. Benefits of Storing Oil Reliability emerges from the optimum
in Bulk Tanks combination of quality lubricants and
39. The Drive best-practice lubrication. Don’t spend more
It is often easier to maintain low particulate
for Cleaner Fluid contamination levels when oils are stored in
money on premium lubricants hoping you
Fluid cleanliness is really no different than
42
bulk tanks because they are normally closed
driving: They both require a clear under- to the atmosphere and the oil is dispensed via
standing of the target, an ability to validate the a pump or tap.
target is being met, and a mechanism to take
correct action when a deviation is observed. 44. Manage the Life Cycle
of Your Lubricants
40. Establish Lube
To extract the maximum value from lubri-
Procedures cants and the lubrication program, lubricants
Lubrication procedures often vary from must be properly managed from cradle to
technician to technician based on convenience grave. This means adopting best practices for
or preconceived notions of best practice. These receiving, storing, dispensing, maintaining
methods of personal choice can depart signifi- and finally disposing of used lubricants.
cantly from OEM- or industry-defined best
practices. The correct procedure needs to be 45. Eliminate Air
established and routinely applied. in Lubricated Systems
It may be impossible to completely elim-
41. You Can’t Buy inate air from lubricated systems, but steps
Lubrication Excellence should be taken to reduce it as much as can
Don’t be lulled into a false sense of secu- reasonably be expected. Eliminating exces-
rity that you can buy your way to lubrication sive air will likely give more life to your oil,

ML
can spend less on lubrication. There is no 58. Make Lubricant

substitute for vigilant inspection, frequent
and thorough oil analysis, and well-deployed
51 Consolidation Easier
lubrication practices. It can be difficult to consolidate lubri-
cants based solely on their names, but when
48. Keep Tabs on Oil Filters considering their performance properties, the
consolidation efforts are clearer and easier.
Keeping tabs on the performance of oil
filters is essential to machinery reliability. Yet
too often, many people in the maintenance
59. Add a New Dimension
field seem to be oblivious to the importance to Oil Analysis
and methods of doing so. The best strategy is Effective oil analysis may be as much about
a proactive strategy. data presentation as it is about the data itself.
By leveraging the full resources of computer
49. Evaluate Your PMs software, including multimedia, oil analysis
Preventive maintenance is among the most can take on a whole new dimension.
common root causes leading to the need to
perform corrective maintenance. It need not 60. Design a Better
be. Evaluate your PMs and eliminate tasks that Lube Room
fail to add value or actually create failure.
54. Send the Right Signals A properly designed lube room must be
functional, safe, expandable and provide all
50. What to Consider Sealable and reusable (S&R) containers serve necessary storage and handling requirements for
Before an Oil Flush as a visual sign of maintenance excellence. the facility. Lube room designs should allow the
Conversely, use of fossilized oil cans serves as maximum storage capacity without allowing for
The risks of not performing a needed oil flush
a constant reminder of maintenance neglect too much bulk oil and grease storage.
include oil starvation from line restrictions and
and program stagnation.
motion impediment of critical machine parts.
And, postponing a needed flush can make
61. Consider Machine
55. Use the FIFO Method Criticality
matters substantially worse. Therefore, before
planning and performing an oil flush, know For both oil and grease, be aware of Be fully aware of machine criticality.
the pitfalls and countermeasures. their respective shelf life. Exceeding OEM Changing the use or specification of lubricants
shelf life may render the product useless or in mission-critical equipment should not be
51. Expand Your severely hamper its performance. For this done without skillful engineering.
Wear Debris Universe reason, it is best to use the first-in, first-out
Take wear debris analysis to another level
(FIFO) method. 62. Dangers of Overgreasing
Overgreasing can have many of the same
by digging deep to expand your wear debris 56. Develop Lube negative side effects as undergreasing, plus the
universe. Develop new in-house skills and
tactics that enable weak signals to be detected
Guidelines added cost of high lubricant consumption. Do
and virgin particles to be found and analyzed. Lubrication instructions need to provide not exceed the properly calculated amount of
guidelines that are simple and easy to grease when performing greasing activities.
52. Monitor Water understand but also contain specific details
Contamination for how to perform a task according to
prescribed best practice.
58
Water is one of the most destructive contam-
inants in oil, and it would serve you well to
monitor it on a consistent basis when dealing
57. Employ Dynamic
with sensitive or critical equipment. Route Planning
Instead of walking to and from the lube
53. Know the Bearing Type room, locating and gathering different tools,
Know the type of bearing being lubricated. and handling paperwork before executing the
A sealed bearing can’t be regreased. Shielded work, employ dynamic route planning, which
or double-shielded bearings can be greased but allows those tasks that logically fit together to
slowly so as not to overpressurize the cavity be done at the same time, no matter what their
and push the bearing shield against the cage. prescribed frequency.

63. Continuously Improve plant can run more efficiently with the staff
Your Lube Program 65 it already employs.
A lubrication program needs constant 73. Contamination Control

refinement and continuous improvement. Advice
It is easy to slide back to the old ways of
doing things if not careful, especially if the The control of contamination in machinery
organization has a high turnover rate in the is pointless if contaminated or below-specifi-
labor force. cation lubricants are used, or if clean lubricant
is being handled so carelessly that it enters
64. Handle Oil Drums with Care machines in a contaminated state.
Avoid damage to oil drums and other large 74. Create Electronic
containers during handling. Negligent handling
can cause leakage or ingression of dirt.
Lube Procedures
be monitored, controlled and used to optimize Get your lubrication procedures in an elec-
65. Make Modifications the oil drain interval. tronic form, preferably on your company-wide
for Reliability 70. Check Sight Glasses
intranet or onto an internet account for those
moving toward web-based application support.
Lubrication-enabled reliability is not high
It’s not enough just to put a sight glass When procedures are electronic, they can be
science. Any maintenance organization can
on a machine and walk away. These devices updated globally, attached to work orders and
accomplish it with proper training, planning
should be monitored. They are windows into linked to like machines in your computerized
and deployment. Much of it is behavior based and
what is happening with your oil and can give maintenance management system.
just good old common sense. It’s about making
modifications of people, machines, procedures, you a first-hand account of any problems that
lubricants and metrics. are occurring. 75. Add Accessories
If you truly want to make strides toward
66. The Value of Machine 71. Keep Oil Clean becoming a world-class program, you will
Inspections Keeping the oil clean is the first order need to make equipment modifications.
of business if extended oil replacement By adding accessories such as desiccating
Simple inspections on all types of machines
intervals are the goal. In turn, achieving breathers, quick connects, external level
provide invaluable information as to their
extended oil replacement intervals often gauges and sample ports, you can transform
condition as well as reassurance that they are
makes it economical to use superior-quality a small gearbox to world-class standards in
operating in a reliable manner.
synthetic lubricants. terms of contamination control, maintain-
67. Check Your Additive ability and reliability.
72. Advantages of
Package 76. Share Responsibility
Hard-piping Machines
Whether they are enhancing, suppressing
Hard-piping machines to a fixed oil supply for Reliability
or imparting new properties to the base oil,
additives play an important role in the lubri- is one way to address a lack of available labor Reliability needs to have shared respon-
cation of machinery. When the additives are to handle oils. Since this reduces the number sibility. It must be fixed in the DNA of the
gone, they’re gone, so don’t forget to check of hours it takes to perform an oil change, the machine as well as in the minds of operators
your additive package.
68. Not Just Any Lubricant

75
Will Do
Machines don’t just need some lubricant or
any lubricant. Rather, they need a sustained
and adequate supply of the right lubricant.
69. Know the Factors

That Influence Oil Life
The end of oil life is influenced by a
complex array of factors. Many of these can

ML
83
and maintainers. It’s like a reliability chain –
every link in the chain must be equally strong
for the chain’s full length to bear the load.
77. Monitor Wear Debris

By vigilant monitoring of wear debris as
well as understanding the forces at play during
the break-in period, you can ensure that your
machines will have a longer life and experience
fewer breakdowns.
78. Don’t Neglect

Lubricant Disposal
Proper handling techniques do not end when
the oil has been put into service. Once the life
of the oil has been exceeded, you must ensure
the lubricant is captured and disposed of both
83. Trend Oil Analysis Data lubricants clean as they are on blending and
safely and in an environmentally friendly way. formulation specifications.
Simply obtaining a snapshot of data from
79. Manage Change an oil sample is essentially worthless without 85. Match Synthetic Oils
Your lubrication strategy will depend on
something to which to compare it. This is to Machinery Needs
why trending data in oil analysis reports is so
the scope of the project, the size of your Synthetic oils can be tremendous assets to
beneficial. It not only allows you to determine
company and the cultural maturity of your any lubrication program, but they must be
if the current oil properties are unfavorable
organization. The bigger the organization matched to the machinery’s needs to get the
but also if they will become unfavorable in
and the project, the more relevant a good optimum benefit from them. When making
the near future.
change-management initiative becomes, and the transition from mineral base fluids to a
the more resources will be needed for a seam- 84. Visit Your Lubricant synthetic base, be sure to flush the system to
less and faster implementation.
Blender minimize any residual compatibility issues that
may remain.
80. Ensure Multiple If you have the opportunity, visit your blend-
Sampling Locations er’s plant and check out their processes. See if 86. Develop a Plan
Most circulating and hydraulic systems
they are putting the same emphasis on keeping for Used Lubricants
81
should have both a primary and secondary All plants should have a coordinated plan for
sampling location to ensure that any identified managing used lubricating oil, including how
failure mechanism can be tracked back to the much oil is reclaimed and how much is recycled.
component causing the problem.
87. Emphasize the Reasons
81. Value Knowledge and Skill for Change
Make education and job competency a big When implementing change, such as when
deal. Knowledge and skill should be appre- designing or redesigning a lubrication or reli-
ciated, respected, celebrated and reinforced. ability program, people need to know why the
Use education as a team-building tool to bring change is being made and how it will affect
people together with shared goals and create them. Understanding the need for change is
opportunities for coaching. the first step in creating new behaviors within
a facility.
82. Control Leaks
Leakage control makes good sense for a
88. Question Viscosity
number of reasons. Not only are there lubri- Recommendations
cant consumption savings but also reliability Don’t assume the lubricant in your machine
and safety benefits. has the right viscosity simply because it is the

one specified in the machine’s The next time a heat problem

service manual. Challenge occurs in one of your systems, 100
conventional recommendations look for oil that is flowing from a
for viscosity. Some machines higher pressure to a lower pressure
are operating at conditions far in the system. That’s where you’ll
afield from that intended by the likely find your problem.
machine designer.
94. Keeping
89. Identify the Oils Fluid
Cause of Oil Leakage In some applications, it is nearly
Any time there is oil leakage impossible for oil to remain fluid invest in training for your team 100. Water Contami-
in a system, there’s a reason for at all ambient temperatures. In members in order for them to
it. The entire system should be execute your procedures properly.
nation Can Affect
these situations, the use of an oil
analyzed, and the cause of the heater is recommended.
Oil Viscosity
leaks identified. 99. Check Your A common misconception is
95. Consider Water- Oil Analysis Lab that water will reduce the viscosity
90. Handle Lubricants based Fluids Most oil analysis practitioners of a lubricant. In fact, if an exces-
Carefully assume the data from their labo- sive amount of water is “whipped”
Water-based fluids are an
Most lubricants should be ratory is accurate and irrefutable, into the oil in such a way that
alternative when fire resistance
handled with care and proper is imperative and typical lubri- but this may not always be the it forms a stable emulsion, the
personal protective equipment cant properties like viscosity or case. Routine checking of your viscosity can increase, sometimes
(PPE). Create a barrier between lubricity are less important. lab is crucial. dramatically so. ML
you and the lubricant. Wear
gloves and safety glasses as 96. Test New Oils
well as oil- or chemical-resis-
It is critical to your oil analysis
tant boots. If possible, keep all
program that you sample and test
exposed skin covered.
oils upon receipt. The possibility
91. Determine the of receiving the wrong oil or
lubricants that do not meet the
Correct Oil Level
required specifications is very real.
The best time to decide on
the appropriate oil level for 97. Choose the Right
your equipment is when the Lubricant to Reduce
machinery first arrives at your
facility. Once the correct oil level
Air Pollution
is identified, it must be clearly One of the more overlooked
marked in the field. aspects of a lubricant is its ability
to influence environmental emis-
92. Watch for Foam sions. By selecting the proper oil,
Contaminants frequently you can help to reduce some of
affect a lubricant’s foam the harmful contaminants that
tendency and stability as well are spewed into the environment
as water separability. If you without sacrificing the needs of
detect more foam than normal the machine or the performance
or demulsibility issues, it may of the lubricant.
be an indicator of lubricant
contamination. 98. Invest in Training
Even if you have invested large
93. Find the Source amounts of resources in your
of a Heat Problem program, you may still need to

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After
2017 Lube Room Challenge
Getting
Bottom-line Before
Results from
a Lube Room
Transformation
Machinery Lubrication recently asked readers to participate in its annual Lube
After
Room Challenge by submitting exceptional lube rooms that incorporate best-practice

features. Several readers met the challenge with evidence of how their lubricant
storage and dispensing methods have been transformed. The following entries show-
case how designing a proper lube room not only is an important step in the journey
toward lubrication excellence but can also increase a company’s bottom line.
Aleris
The Aleris rolling mill in Clayton, New Before
Jersey, supplies foil and light-gauge aluminum
coiled sheet. For its lubricant storage, the mill
had been utilizing seven different areas across
the manufacturing floor. The plant also had just
one filtration unit for all its oils, and this unit
was seldom used or maintained.
Drum pumps and makeshift hoses and
fittings were employed to transfer oil to open, The Aleris mill had stored its lubricants in seven different areas across the manufacturing floor.
unlabeled containers. The drum pumps were
not segregated, so nothing prevented them from After
being used in different oils. There was also no
filtration of the oil during the transfer process,
including when bulk hydraulic oil was trans-
ferred from tanker trucks into reusable totes.
After reviewing previous equipment failures
and gearbox inspection reports, the mill made
several modifications. Additive packages on The new lubricant storage area has been consolidated into one climate-controlled
some oils were changed. A color-coding system location with a loading dock and waste oil collection.

LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE
was developed and employed throughout of everything from work management and
the facility. The lubricant storage area was lubrication to contractor management.
consolidated into one climate-controlled Every plant was graded on a scale of 1-5 in
location away from the manufacturing floor 11 different areas. Of these areas, lubrication,
and equipped with a loading dock and waste work management and training were chosen to
oil collection. be the focus of the plants’ initial efforts.
Now, drum and platform filter carts The emphasis on lubrication led to the
are utilized, and single-station filter and formation of a lubrication technical advisory
dispensing areas have been installed. There group (TAG). This group was comprised of
are dedicated transfer hoses and oil containers, representatives from each of the plants and
as well as filtering of transferred oil. Bulk tasked with creating a general lubrication
hydraulic oil transfers are made from tanker corporate technical manual. Monthly calls
trucks through filters into storage tanks and were scheduled to discuss the project and to
Aleris recently hosted a face-to-face event
then from the bulk storage through filters into assign areas of responsibility. Noria consul-
with representatives from plants around the
filter carts. The filter carts are used for topping tants were also brought in to help finish the world to edit its corporate standards manual.
off reservoirs. manual, which has become a complete training
Aleris also launched a corporate reliability guide for the development of best practices in essential for Aleris as it establishes a lubrication
program, which began with an evaluation of lubricant storage, preventive maintenance and audit program and minimum requirements for
all company plants. This evaluation consisted leak management. This new manual will be all of its plants.
Bunge
Just a few years ago, the Bunge plant in
Lehliu, Romania, had no lubrication room
or filtering area for lubricants. Grease was
dispensed by hand and easily contaminated.
After the company determined changes
were needed, a lube room was built inside a
mechanical workshop building.
The Bunge lube room features eight oil filters and four grease-dispensing units. Each type
The new room features four grease-
of oil is now filtered before entering a machine.
dispensing units and eight oil filters, with the
goal of using each filter for only one type of ress. Today, each type of oil is filtered, and The Bunge facility continues to see
oil. Although only five of the oil filters and two grease is no longer contaminated. All transfer improvements in the performance of its
of the grease-dispensing units are currently containers, grease guns and storage units are lubricants and is now strictly following new
in use, the plant has made significant prog- also clearly labeled. procedures for lubricant storage and handling.
City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri Before

City Utilities (CU) is a municipally owned utility serving Springfield,
Missouri. CU owns and operates two coal-fired generation units as well
as a number of gas turbines and a landfill gas-to-energy project. In 2015,
a lubrication management survey revealed many areas for improvement
throughout the power generation facilities, including lubricant chemistry,
cleanliness, testing, and lubricant storage and handling.
A system of separate dispensing tanks had been in service for some
time. However, the tanks were open to the atmosphere, had no filtration
capability, and utilized a single pump system and combined piping for
filling and dispensing all stored lubricants. In addition, the tank system
was located in an open area of the station adjacent to an open delivery
and maintenance bay, which was exposed to dust and other pollutants
associated with the coal-fired power plant.
In 2017, a storage and handling system was placed into service. A
new state-of-the-art dispensing system is now located in a closed room The lubricant storage and dispensing areas at the City Utilities
plant had been cluttered and disorganized.

ML
away from the dust and heat of the plant.

The new dispensing system features separate After After
pumps, filters and piping for each lubricant,
and every tank utilizes desiccant breathers for
ventilation. Dispensing jugs used for transfer-
ring smaller quantities of fluid are also stored
inside closed cabinets in the new lube room,
as opposed to open shelving. For larger quan-
tities, transfer pumps with filters specifically
matched to the application are now used. To
minimize the chances of cross-contamination,
lubricant tanks and jugs are coded with a color Lubricant barrels are now stored in a racking system, and a new lubricant storage and
dispensing system was placed into service in 2017.
and shape which correspond to coded tags on
the lube points of various machines. Other lubrication program improvements lubricants showed only 60 percent at a severity
Bulk lubricant storage has been another that have been or are being implemented include of 0 or 1 (good/acceptable) and 24 percent
area of significant improvement. Oil barrels regular sampling of machinery, sealing up lubri- with a severity of 3 or 4 (bad/unacceptable).
previously were stored both inside and cation systems, improving in-line filtration, Today, 90 percent have a severity of 0 or 1, and
outside in a very disorganized manner. The installing desiccant breathers and adding quick only 3 percent remain at a severity of 3, with
lubrication management survey also revealed disconnects to facilitate clean oil transfers and
none in the severity 4 range.
many consolidation opportunities. Through lubricant filtering. The organization currently
consolidation and organization, the lubricant has three technicians who are trained and certi- Although there is still quite a bit of work
inventory has been reduced from more than fied as a Level I Machine Lubricant Analyst, remaining to achieve world-class status,
100 barrels to nearly 30. Furthermore, every with more to receive training in the future. the improvements that have been made are
new barrel of oil is sampled prior to entering When the utility first began implementing paying off in greater equipment reliability and
the inventory. these changes, the overall state of in-service economic benefits.
International Paper
The International Paper mill in Port Wentworth, Georgia, manufactures
specialty grades of pulp that can be found in products around the world. In
2011, the mill formed a reliability team to help eliminate lubricant contami-
nation and improve overall equipment reliability, product safety and quality.
One of the team’s primary focuses was on lubricant storage and distri-
bution. The mill had many remote lube areas, and contamination control
was minimal. Lubricant labeling was either missing or not standardized.
Oil also was not filtered from the drums.
The reliability team developed standard operating procedures for labeling
transfer containers and purchased filtration carts. A 5-S room was created
for consumables such as sight glasses, breathers and filters. Battery-operated
grease guns with gram counters were procured, and all the site’s grease
guns were calibrated. The team also worked with its lubricant supplier to
consolidate its lubricants. Samples are now taken from incoming oil drums.
For storing grease, shelving with clear labeling was installed, and the first-in,
first-out (FIFO) method employed.
In 2016, a centralized distribution system was implemented. The lube
room, which came as a packaged unit, is climate-controlled and sealed to
prevent contamination. The facility’s most common oils are pre-filtered and
stored in stackable totes. This has greatly reduced the inventory of full drums
and the need for partial drums.
The mill’s future plans include purchasing color-coded transfer carts
and staging them in the lube room. Installing hose reels and quick connects The International Paper mill’s most common oils are pre-
will allow these carts to be easily moved and avoid having to carry jugs of filtered and stored in stackable totes, reducing the inventory
oil up and down stairs. of full oil drums and the need for partial drums.

LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE
Koniambo Nickel
Located on the South Pacific Island of Before After
New Caledonia, the Koniambo Nickel indus-
trial complex is one of the world’s largest
nickel producers, including a mine, smelter
and power station. Storage and dispensing of
lubricants previously were carried out from a
cluttered 20-foot container situated next to
the power station. With oil funnels and drum
pumps open to the environment, high levels of
contamination were introduced into new oils
prior to their use in equipment. It was clear
the site needed new equipment and a culture
change regarding its lubrication practices.
After Koniambo Nickel reviewed various Storage and dispensing of The new custom-designed lube room is equipped with
types of lube rooms, it determined that the lubricants at the Koniambo racks for dispensing containers and oil drums, bunded
“plug-and-play” units provided many advan- Nickel industrial complex were flooring, intrinsic lighting and power, an eyewash
tages, such as avoiding the cost of building a previously carried out from a station, and a patch kit workstation.
dedicated facility while offering the convenience cluttered 20-foot container.
of receiving a unit that was fully set up.
Due to the mine’s location, an insulated combustible liquids. Side air vents with air filter options. A patch kit workstation is utilized to
ceiling and secondary skillion roof were fitted pads help to reduce dust. The room is also kept monitor oil cleanliness and assist with activities
to the container to reduce the internal tempera- closed for dust suppression. such as the use of filter trolleys.
ture. The 20-foot lube room was then custom Racks were installed for dispensing Now that its lubricant storage and
designed and equipped with fire extinguishers, containers and 20-liter drums. A color-coding handling practices are in order, the site has
an eyewash station, bunded flooring, intrinsic system is employed for the dispensing stands turned its focus to improving lubrication
lighting and power, and air-operated pumps and containers. The dispensing stands also management, including installing sight glasses
for the storage and handling of flammable and feature filtration, taps and quick-connect and upgrading its breathers and sample valves.
Lakeside Foods
The Lakeside Foods plant in Owatonna,
Minnesota, produces canned vegetables for the Before After
retail and food-service sectors. To determine the
proper lubricants for its equipment, the facility
worked with a local oil specialist to conduct a
complete plant survey. Following the survey, the
site was able to consolidate many of its prod-
ucts and transition to 100 percent food-grade
lubricants. All equipment was also individually
tagged to indicate which fluid is required.
By switching from drums to bulk tanks,
plant personnel now have an immediate visual
indication of when oil is running low and no
longer must guess how much oil is left in
drums. This also has eliminated the need to
store empty oil barrels and provided a much
neater appearance.
In addition, the facility was able to switch
from five different oil vendors to one. In doing
so, annual oil expenses at the plant have been Before a plant survey, the Lakeside oil Switching to bulk tanks has provided a
reduced by 32 percent. Purchasing has also been room was dirty and unorganized. visual indication of when oil is running low
streamlined, freeing the maintenance supervisor and eliminated the need to store empty oil
to spend more time on equipment maintenance. barrels.

ML
Mosaic
The journey to world-class lubricant storage
Before After
for the Mosaic Four Corners phosphate mine in
central Florida began in 2015. A companywide
“awakening” to the need for better lubrication
practices had occurred a few months earlier. The
mine’s first focus was on creating a lubricant
storage area from which subsequent lubrication
improvements could take root.
Bulk oil totes had been scattered throughout
the plant and stored outside in the muddy and
humid environment. Because the bulk totes
were stored outside, the mine’s portable oil A storage shed was chosen as the location of the
containers were also filled outside and kept in new lube storage area.
work carts overnight.
A storage shed was identified as an excellent
location for the new lube storage area. The shed
was cleaned out, the floor sealed and a berm
constructed so oil would not permeate or escape
the shed in the event of a spill. Small repairs to
the shed also had to be made to prevent dirt and
rain from entering.
The new lube storage area is a shared space
All portable oil containers are now filled by
between three maintenance crews (a total of Bulk oil totes previously had been filters through quick connects. Anything in the
35 mechanics). A daily 5-S walkthrough is stored outside with a secondary
containment that stayed full of lube area that can be moved has lines marking
performed as well as a monthly audit. the designated areas for storage.
rain water.
Safety is a critical concern at Mosaic, and
the lubrication area is no exception. A binder breathers for every drum and tote, and new The results have been remarkable. The 5-S
containing all lubricant material safety data portable oil containers, which are filled by a score from the monthly audit has averaged
sheet (MSDS) information is kept on a shelf filter-through quick connect. The lubricant 98 percent. All oil going into the lubrication
in the area. The berm around the inside of the
stock has also been reduced and relocated to area is now quarantined until it is filtered.
space was painted yellow to prevent trips and
the area so extra totes are not stored outside. This has increased oil cleanliness for the bulk
falls. Fire extinguishers are placed in accessible
areas. The space also includes proper signage, a Without management support, the new storage containers.
portable eyewash bottle and a rolling ladder for lubrication area would not have been possible. The world-class lubrication area continues
accessing the top of bulk oil totes. The total cost of the project was nearly to be a positive influence on the mine’s improve-
In addition, industry best practices are now $43,000, with most of the expenses related ment efforts, providing a sustainable resource
followed, such as the use of a color-coded lubri- to sealing the floor, installing the berm and for mechanics where lubrication-related items
cant identification system, filters and desiccant replacing the overhead door. are easily accessible.
Mueller Co.
The Mueller Co. plant in Albertville, Alabama, is an iron foundry and
Before After
fire-hydrant manufacturing facility. The site had been storing lube oils
alongside paint and thinner materials in a building where the roll-up doors
were always open. This resulted in the oils being exposed to dust, high
humidity, high summer temperatures and below-freezing winter tempera-
tures. To help correct this issue, a portable lube room was purchased and
installed. The plant now is able to pump oils into labeled storage totes
via low-micron filtration, with each oil having its own labeled pump. All
oils are filtered out of the drums and into these totes. The environment is
temperature-controlled at 70 degrees year-round. A dehumidifier and proper
oil transfer containers are also employed. Additionally, the lube room is Before a new portable lube room The new lube room is temperature-
locked to everyone except the lubrication specialists and their supervisors. was installed at the Mueller plant, oil controlled and allows oils to be
In 2017, these efforts have saved the plant more than $38,000 in oil costs drums were exposed to dust, high pumped into labeled storage totes
alone, which for a small facility is a big deal. humidity and extreme temperatures. via low-micron filtration.

LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE
NIPSCO owned and operated by the Northern Indiana utilized to remove oil from drums, and filtra-
Public Service Co. (NIPSCO). Both facilities tion of new oil also was not standardized.
Located on the shores of Lake Michigan,
had been using older lube rooms and needed to NIPSCO sought reliability improvements.
the Michigan City and Bailly generating update their lubricant storage and dispensing The company worked with its lubricant distrib-
stations are coal-fired power plants which are systems. A single transfer pump was being utor to improve its lubricant storage and
handling practices. Maintenance personnel
learned that proper lubricant handling can be
a critical step in equipment reliability.
The new oil storage rooms employ
individual pumping systems to eliminate
cross-contamination of lubricants. Inline
filtration and desiccant breathers help to
ensure oil cleanliness. Oil and grease inven-
tories were consolidated, and wall charts have
been updated to clearly display equipment
and product names. A safety cabinet was also
purchased to store sealed lubricant transfer
containers, which are dedicated by product and
used for handling smaller oil quantities. While
work continues on labeling equipment fills
with the correct lubricant nametags, consider-
able progress at both facilities has been made
with excellent results.
Before
The lube room at the Michigan City generating

facility was old and needed to be updated.
After
Individual pumping systems and inline filtration

are now employed at the Michigan City plant.

ML
Owens Corning Before

Just a year ago, the Owens Corning composites
plant in Aiken, South Carolina, realized its lubricant
storage and handling practices had become a problem.
This resulted in the site’s lube room being cleaned
and painted. Better lighting was installed, as well as
heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC).
Oils and equipment were tagged to prevent misap- A year ago, the lube room at the Owens Corning plant was quite dirty
plication of lubricants. Policies and procedures were and unorganized.
developed for the lube room along with safety and
emergency instructions.
The room is now explosion-proof with its own
fire-suppression system. An automated system noti- After
fies the staff when oil sampling is needed. Each week,
personnel are also required to clean the lube room,
inspect for leaks, filter the oil in storage and restock
the inventory.
Of course, the upgraded lube room only marks the
beginning of the facility’s journey to excellence. The
improvement process continues one machine at a time.
The plant still has a long way to go, but the employees
are learning a lot and have already seen measurable
gains on the company’s bottom line. The area has since been cleaned and painted along with the addition of better
lighting and tagging of oils and equipment.
Sheboygan Wastewater
Treatment Facility Before
The Sheboygan Regional Wastewater Treat-
ment Facility in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, cleans
the wastewater for more than 68,000 residents in
seven local communities. When a construction
project reduced its oil storage room by 58 percent Oil storage at the Sheboygan Wastewater Treatment Facility had been messy with dirty drums
to only 315 square feet, the facility had to find and oil rags scattered around the area.
a way to consolidate its lubricant inventory and
locate a proper in-plant storage area. The site’s
oil storage was also messy, with dirty drums After
and oil rags lying around, as well as leaking and
outdated drum pumps.
A new lube storage and dispensing system
was purchased, which included color-coded
labels, quick filter assemblies, spill containment
and sight gauges for inventory control. By stan-
dardizing its oil type and getting rid of obsolete
oil, the plant was also able to eliminate seven
50-gallon drums.
The new lube room is now clean and well-lit.
The walls have been painted, and an epoxy
coating has been applied to the floor. The facility
not only was able to save valuable space, but its
oil storage is now neat and organized. The result
has been a cleaner and safer environment for the The oil room is now clean and well-lit, with painted walls, an epoxy coating on the floor, and a
plant’s lubricants and employees. new lube storage and dispensing system.

LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE
Wiegel Tool Works lids. Having designated containers for each oil The oil room project has been a major
Wiegel Tool Works (WTW) is a metal- has helped to prevent cross-contamination. success. Since the room has been in place,
stamping manufacturer in Wood Dale, Illinois. In addition, the entire oil room was WTW has received positive feedback from its
Established in 1941, the company specializes completely remodeled. Floors were painted staff and seen lube-related mistakes decrease
in complete turnkey packages, including with industrial-grade paint to eliminate oil significantly. Employee attitudes toward the
engineering, prototypes, tool construction and stains and provide for easy cleanup. Two room have also changed. With its continuous
wire/electrical discharge machining. Through new cabinets were purchased to store the oil improvement culture, WTW plans to pursue
the years, the company has invested heavily containers, with each cabinet having color-coded new ideas for creating an even more efficient
in new technology and equipment. As part of locations for individual containers. oil room in the future. ML
its continuous improvement culture, manage-
ment identified the oil room as the next key
improvement opportunity.
The original oil room did not meet best
Before
practices and was due for a redesign. Oil drums
were stored on racks and the floor. No level
gauges were used on drums, which resulted
in poor inventory control. Each oil drum also
did not have its own designated pump. This
increased the risk of cross-contamination,
as pumps were interchanged across drums.
Proper identification of oils and oil containers Oil drums were on racks and the floor in the original oil storage room at the
was another major problem. Wiegel Tool Works plant.
At the beginning of the improvement
project, WTW’s lubricants were examined,
and the consumption rate and storage capacity
After
were determined. An efficient and cost-effec-
tive method of storing oils was employed, with
the facility’s highest running oils stored in
300-gallon rack systems. The average running
oils are stored in 120-gallon and 65-gallon bulk
storage systems with color-coded tanks. These
systems have dedicated pumps, filters and
breathers for each oil. The plant’s low running
oils are kept in 55-gallon drums and stored on
a spill-containing rack system. This new layout
offers a compact footprint, allowing more oil to
be stored in less space.
All oils now have a designated container,
location, color and shape for easy identifica- The oil room’s new layout allows more oil to be stored in less space while helping to prevent
tion. The oil containers also have color-coded cross-contamination.
Be a LUBExpert
Grease Bearings Right
Right Lubricant
Right Location
Right Interval
Right Quantity
Right Indicators
sdtultrasound.com/lubexpert
1-800-667-5325 • 905-377-1313
Al Smiley | GPM Hydraulic Consulting
HYDRAULICS
How Directional
Valves Affect Oil Flow
in Hydraulic Systems
Directional valves are some of the most funda- Two-stage Valves
mental components of a hydraulic system. When On systems where higher flow rates are required,
a directional valve is sized for an application, it two-stage valves are normally employed. A typical two-stage
must be large enough to handle the volume of proportional valve is shown in Figure 2. The top valve is
oil necessary to operate the cylinder or hydraulic known as the pilot valve. The purpose of the pilot valve is to
motor. For applications that require less than 10-15 gallons direct pilot pressure to shift the main spool. Since these are
per minute of oil flow, a direct solenoid-operated valve is used larger in size than the direct operated valves, more force is
(as shown in Figure 1). To shift the valve spool, current is needed to shift the main spool. Instead of using very large
applied to the valve coil. This creates magnetism within the solenoids that demand high current to operate, hydraulic
coil, which pulls in the plunger. The plunger then acts on a pressure is utilized to shift the main spool.
pushpin, which shifts the valve spool. The solenoid generates There are springs on both sides of the main spool
approximately 30 pounds of force to shift the spool. Once which hold it in the center position when the pilot valve is
the spool shifts, oil is ported through the valve and then to not shifted. The springs are usually rated between 50-115
the cylinder or hydraulic motor. pounds per square inch. When the main spool on this
particular valve is in the center position, the “P,” “A,” “B”
Spool
and “T” ports are blocked.
Two-stage valves may be internally or externally piloted.
In Figure 2, notice the pilot plug (circled in red) on the left.
Coil This plug blocks flow from the “P” port of the main spool to
Plunger
the “P” port of the pilot valve. When this plug is installed in
the valve, pilot pressure must come from an external source
and be connected to the “X” port on the valve manifold.
Many presses and mobile equipment employ a separate pump
for supplying the pilot fluid. In some cases, oil is ported
downstream of the pump through a pressure-reducing valve
and then to the “X” port. By utilizing a separate pump or
pressure-reducing valve, a lower pressure is used to shift the
main spool. This prevents damage to the spool instead of
using the higher system pressure to shift the valve.
When current is applied to the pilot valve coil (as shown
in Figure 3), magnetism in the coil causes the pilot spool to
shift to the right. Pilot fluid then flows from the “X” port
through the pilot valve and to the pilot cavity on the right
Figure 1. A direct solenoid-operated valve side of the main spool. Once the pilot pressure builds up

THE PEOPLE
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HYDRAULICS
enough to overcome the spring acting draining arrangements are the same
on the opposite side, the main spool as the removed valve. This applies to
will shift to the left. Once shifted, the proportional and AC voltage-operated
system volume at the “P” port of the valves. In certain instances, valves
main spool will flow through the “P” are internally piloted and externally
and “A” ports and then to the actuator drained. In other cases, they may
(cylinder or hydraulic motor). The oil be externally piloted and internally
that exhausts out of the actuator flows drained. Refer to the valve’s part
into the “B” port, which is connected number to ensure the valve you are
to the “T” port inside the valve. The oil installing is the same as the one that was
will then flow out of the “T” port and removed. Just because it mounts on the
return to the reservoir. same manifold does not mean it is the
When the main spool shifts (as in same valve. For example, a closed-center,
Figure 3), the oil on the left side of the externally piloted and drained Vickers
T A P B X Y spool is ported through the pilot valve valve has the following part number:
Figure 2. A typical two-stage proportional valve spool. Notice in Figure 2 that the circled DG5S8-2C-E-T-30. The “E” designates
pilot plug on the right is blocking the that the valve is externally piloted, while
flow passage from the tank port of the the “T” indicates that it is internally
pilot valve to the tank port of the main drained. If a DG5S8-2C-E-30 valve is
spool. When this plug is installed, a put in its place, the valve will not work
line must be connected to the “Y” port because it is externally drained. This
on the manifold to externally drain the means the internal drain port is plugged
valve. This provides a flow path for the and the main spool will not shift, since
oil that exhausts out of the main spool’s no line is connected to the “Y” port.
pilot cavity and pilot valve to return to I recall an instance at a plywood
the tank. plant where they had replaced a valve
In some instances, both pilot on the lathe with the exact part number
plugs are removed from the main as the valve they had taken off. When
valve housing. In this case, there are the new valve was installed, the spool
no external lines connected to the “X” wouldn’t shift and allow the spindle
and “Y” ports on the valve manifold. cylinder to extend and clamp the log.
In Figure 4, the pilot plugs have been After changing several other compo-
T A P B X Y removed. This opens the internal pilot nents, they found that although the part
passage from the “P” port of the main number was the same, the equipment
Figure 3. Current applied to the pilot valve coil
valve to the “P” port of the pilot valve. manufacturer had removed the pipe
Once the pilot valve is shifted, system plugs from the original valve but failed
pressure is directed through the pilot to change the part number. Once the
valve to shift the main spool, as previ- pipe plugs were removed, the valve and
ously described. When the main spool spindle cylinder operated normally.
shifts, the oil that exhausts out of the If you and your vendor do not
opposite pilot passage will flow through have a valve in stock with the config-
the pilot valve and then into the tank line uration you need, a valve usually can
of the main spool. This is what is known be converted by removing or installing
as an internally piloted and internally pipe plugs. On the proportional valve
drained valve. Valves can be internally used in the examples, the pilot plugs
drained as long as there are no flow are accessed by taking the pilot valve off
surges or pressure spikes in the tank line the main stage and removing them with
that affect the shifting of the main spool. an Allen wrench (Figure 5). On some
valves, the pilot pressure plug is accessed
T A P B X Y Replacing through the “P” port of the main spool.
Two-stage Valves Another important thing to
Figure 4. A main valve housing with the pilot When replacing a two-stage valve, remember is that pilot and drain lines
plugs removed
it is important that the piloting and and passages are small and can plug.

ML
If a new valve is installed and the actuator will not

operate, check the pilot and drain passages. This can
be done by removing the pilot valve from the main
valve’s housing and disconnecting the pilot and drain
lines from the manifold. Blow air into the pilot and
drain line passages on the manifold. If air comes out
the pilot and drain ports on top of the main spool, the
passages are clear.
With a greater understanding of how these valves
work as well as their proper applications, you should
be able to better troubleshoot your hydraulic systems
for improved equipment reliability and availability. ML
About the Author

Al Smiley is the president of GPM Hydraulic
Consulting Inc., located in Monroe, Georgia.
Since 1994, GPM has provided hydraulic training,
consulting and reliability assessments to compa-
nies in the United States, Canada, the United
Kingdom and South America. Contact Al at
[email protected]. Figure 5. Pilot plugs can be removed with an Allen wrench.
PRUFTECHNIK is a leading single-source solution provider for

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www.pruftechnik.com/us

PRODUCT NEWS
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHETIC MOTOR OIL MULTI-PORT ADAPTER ELECTROSTATIC
2 3
GREASES ExxonMobil’s new The Hub from Luneta is LUBE OIL FILTER
1 4
The new Molykote G-900x synthetic motor oils are a multi-port adapter for The new Orbitron
Series greases from Dow guaranteed to provide equipment with limited 3000 is an electrostatic
Corning are formulated to protection for one year between or inaccessible port locations. lubrication filtration
provide high-temperature lubricity oil changes or 20,000 miles, It features four lateral ports, system that serves as an alter-
for applications ranging from auto- whichever comes first. The Mobil which allows easy installation native to chemical cleaning and
motive to industrial and chemical 1 Annual Protection motor oils of oil level sight glasses, bottom flushing. It incorporates a 22-cell
equipment. The silicone lubricants have been specifically formulated sediment and water (BS&W) electrostatic filter to purify
offer corrosion resistance and to offer maximum wear protec- bowls, drain valves, quick lubricants used in mechanical
high thermal stability across a tion as well as increase resistance connects for attaching filtration operating systems across a wide
wide temperature range (minus to oil breakdown and protect equipment, etc. Constructed variety of industries. The unit is
35 to 220 degrees C) for increased engine parts from sludge and from heavy-duty, powder-coated compact (about the size of a small
lifespan. A combination of phenyl deposits, resulting in extended cast aluminum and zinc-plated refrigerator) and can eliminate
and fluoro functional branches engine life. Available in 0W-20, steel, the Hub has a large-diam- contamination at a rate of 5
built on a siloxane backbone form 5W-20 and 5W-30 viscosities, eter, 12-inch pilot tube for high gallons per minute. Submicron
the copolymer used in the greases. the oils are recommended for viscosity sampling. The sample contaminants are identified as
They also have formulation all types of modern vehicles, port is also recessed into the body they are collected. Once the
capabilities with various thickener including high-performance, to prevent inadvertent impacts. lubricant is purified, the Orbitron
systems and are compatible with turbocharged, supercharged, 3000 begins removing any
most plastics and elastomers. multi-valve and fuel-injected Luneta buildup accumulated over time.
engines found in passenger cars, www.luneta.com
SUVs, light vans and trucks. 888-742-2021
Dow Corning Orbitron Companies
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800-248-2481 ExxonMobil 952-292-0754
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800-662-4525
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ML
METALWORKING FLUID AUTOMATIC MULTI-PURPOSE TRUNK PISTON OILS

LUBRICATOR
5 8
Cimperial 35-880 from GREASES Shell’s new Argina and
6 7
Cimcool is a high-per- The new TLMP The WD-40 Specialist line Gadinia trunk piston oils
formance metalworking automatic lubricator of greases is formulated for incorporate base number
fluid intended for use in a from SKF is engineered automotive, construction retention and viscosity control
number of heavy-duty machining to provide reliable relubrication and farming professionals dealing to address the faster oxidation
and grinding operations. It of multiple lube points in with a variety of specialized that leads to deposit formation
is formulated with a unique industrial applications as well lubrication challenges. The new line or lubricant contamination.
technology to ensure stability and as agricultural and off-road includes the Superior Performance Developed for the medium-speed
pH buffering as well as corrosion vehicles. Capable of supplying True Multi-Purpose Grease, which engine market, the Argina range
protection. The boron- and form- one to 18 lubrication points, is designed to provide lubrication includes four grades: the S2 for
aldehyde-free fluid is designed the TLMP is packaged as under extreme-pressure, high-tem- residual, blended and distillate
especially for the manufacture a complete kit, including a perature and severe conditions; the fuels; the “mainstream” S3 and
of aircraft components made lubricator, required tubing Heavy-Duty High Temperature S4; and the S5, which offers extra
from aluminum, titanium, steel, and connectors. The lubricator Grease, which can withstand heavy protection from deposits and
stainless steel, nickel-based alloys features pluggable outlets and mechanical loads and extreme extended oil life. The Gadinia
and cobalt-based alloys. is easy to install and program temperatures; and the Heavy-Duty S3 was designed to control oil
via its keypad with an LED Extreme Pressure Grease, which consumption in modern engines
Cimcool display. The cycle control sensor features exceptional load-carrying burning distillate fuels.
www.milacron.com ensures lubricant is delivered to ability, anti-wear protection and
888-246-2665 the outlets, while the filter helps high dropping point properties. Shell
to avoid grease contamination The interchangeable greases are www.shell.com
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and corrosion and not cause cross-
SKF contamination issues.
www.skf.com
267-436-6000 WD-40
www.WD40Specialist.com
888-324-7596
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8
GET TO KNOW
Knight Shines as
Reliability Leader
for Mueller Co.
Alan Knight has been keenly aware of the importance of performing lubrication the right way
since his time as a leader of a reliability program assessment team. However, he did not actually take
a hands-on role until he became the site reliability engineer at Mueller Co. At the time, Mueller had
just begun trying to improve its lubrication program. Knight soon took over the lube program and
helped the site employ best practices. The result has been a 75 percent drop in bearing failures due
to lubrication issues over the last few years. Knight and his team are now working hard to eliminate
the remaining 25 percent.
Q: What’s a normal work day like for you? Q: On what lubrication-related projects are
A: The morning begins with a daily meeting you currently working?
between maintenance and operations manage- A: I am currently working to fully integrate ultra-
ment to discuss the day’s schedule as well as sound-assisted lubrication into the daily routine of
any issues that may have arisen overnight. From our assets that require grease. Additionally, we are
Name: Alan Knight there, it’s reviewing any break-in work orders working to expand the role of operators in our lubri-
Age: 50 from the previous day. Afterward, I check in with cation programs as asset owners. My goal is to also
Job Title: Senior Reliability the condition-based maintenance (CBM) tech have our own mini-lab at some point in the future.
Leader and lube specialists to discuss any challenges,
Q: What have been some of the biggest project
Company: Mueller Co. accomplishments and improvements. I am part
successes in which you’ve played a part?
Location: Albertville, Alabama of the management staff, so some days involve
A: The biggest success so far has been the
several meetings, but the rest of the time is
Length of Service: 3 years reduction in the amount of oils we use. We have
usually spent on program analysis and improve-
reduced oil costs by more than $100,000 for the
ments, whether it be in precision maintenance or
last two years. That’s huge for a facility this size,
working with engineers and operations managers
as we only employ approximately 450 people for
to solve problems on the floor.
Be Featured in the all three shifts, including administrative staff.
Next ‘Get to Know’ Q: What is the amount and range of equip-
Q: How does your company view machinery
Section ment you help service through lubrication/ lubrication in terms of importance and overall
oil analysis tasks? business strategy?
Would you like to be featured in A: We only have about 400 rotating assets, but A: The attitude is changing across the company,
the next “Get to Know” section
they vary from smaller gearboxes on conveyors partly as a result of what we have achieved so
to large gearboxes on our sand mullers, and far in Albertville and our sister plant in Chat-
or know someone who should be
medium-sized (20-gallon) hydraulic systems to tanooga, but also because we have put the right
profiled in an upcoming issue of
large (300-gallon) fire-resistant hydraulic systems people in place who understand the true value of
Machinery Lubrication magazine?
for our furnaces. We also have large and small lubrication excellence.
Nominate yourself or fellow lubri-
fan systems as well as many computer numerical
cation professionals by emailing a
control (CNC) machines. As far as oil analysis Q: What do you see as some of the more
photo and contact information to goes, we currently perform sampling and analysis important trends taking place in the lubrica-
[email protected]. on the top 20 percent of our most critical assets. tion and oil analysis field?

A: I’ll admit that I am not fully up to speed on all the
advancements, but the fact that more and more companies
are realizing the value of quality oil analysis and employing
best-practice storage and handling techniques is encouraging.
Q: What has made your company decide to put more

emphasis on machinery lubrication?
A: After 2008, we – like every other company – had to learn
to do more with less. Margins became tighter, and the need
for reliable assets to produce products became much more
necessary. Lubrication is the lifeblood of machinery, and
machinery is the lifeblood of our manufacturing processes.
As we demonstrate the value of using best practices for our
lubrication programs, it isn’t a hard sell. ML
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LUBE-TIPS
The “Lube-Tips” section of Machinery Lubrication magazine features
innovative ideas submitted by our readers.
Tip for Replacing Oil Filters

When replacing top-suspended spin-on or threaded canister-type filters, fill them with fresh oil before instal-
lation. This will reduce the amount of time that the engine or machinery undergoes dry start-up by having an
extra amount of oil available. In some cases, it could also prevent filter damage when a gush of high-pressure fluid
hits a dry element.
How to Speed up Oil Changes

Use your circulation pump to speed up oil changes
in large circulation systems. Install a tee and two
Did You Know? isolating shut-off valves downstream of your circu-
Additional tips can be
lating pump. When draining your reservoir, connect
found in our Lube-Tips
email newsletter. To receive the hose to this tee and use your pump to move the oil
the Lube-Tips newsletter, from your reservoir to the scrap oil truck. This is espe-
subscribe now at
cially helpful for large, below-ground level systems.
MachineryLubrication.com.
Have Some TIps? Pay Attention to

If you have a tip to share, Your Oil Level Indicator
email it to When rolling-element bearings are lubricated from oil held
[email protected].
in a sump, attention to the oil sump level indicator will not
only bring savings in terms of extended bearing life, but also
will lead to reduced bearing temperatures due to churning and
metal-to-metal contact resulting from possible oil starvation.
As a general rule, the lowest rolling element should be half
covered with oil when the bearing is stationary. This may seem
like a simple rule to observe, but it is surprising how often it is
completely overlooked. ML

NOW ON MACHINERYLUBRICATION.COM
Find more great articles and content from Machinery Lubrication magazine online. From web exclusives and industry
news to videos, white papers, buyer’s guides and more, everything that relates to machinery lubrication is available
now on www.MachineryLubrication.com.
FEATURED How to Preserve Equipment How to Detect Electrostatic

WHITE PAPERS in Storage Discharges in Oil
As an oil’s conductivity decreases, the potential for
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Elemental Analysis Preservation lubricants come in a variety of
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Detect Failures discover the best course of action regarding the amount
• Critical System of oil that machines should be stored with as well as
Gearbox Filtration options for constantly purging stored equipment.
an oil’s conductivity along with the best methods for
• The Mendoza Line
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on the ML site.
• Ultrasound Lube Water contamination can affect machines in
Technician Hand a variety of ways, including leading to a chemical Hydraulic Gear Motors and
Book breakdown of the oil or lubricant. This is known as How They Work
Check out the full list of hydrolysis. Access this 1-minute, 34-second video Some lubrication professionals may not fully under-
white papers by visiting stand how a hydraulic gear motor works. Access this
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“White Papers” link.
is pushed into the inlet port and through the outlet,
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BY THE NUMBERS
71
to find out the effects hydrolysis can have on your
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oil and how to determine if your lubricant is prone
to hydrolyze.
10 Things You Should Know

About Varnish
of lubrication professionals Varnish is not easy to define because there is no
employ both an inspection
single type. Many things affect the kind of varnish that
program and a condition
monitoring program to maintain forms, including the operating conditions, the type of
equipment at their plant, based oil and the environment. Check out this article on the
on a recent survey at ML site for a list of 10 things that should be under-
MachineryLubrication.com
stood about varnish as it applies to lubrication.

Wes Cash | Noria Corporation
IN THE TRENCHES Industrial Lubricants
Best Practices
for Lubricating
Paper Machines
“
In the current elec- in close proximity, they typically are
tronic age, many lubricated with circulating oil. In this
people think of paper setup, oil is pumped from a central
as a dying industry. reservoir throughout the system, with
While it’s true that more businesses supply piping running to the lube
are going “paperless,” consider all the points and return piping channeling
MOST PAPER paper products that are still used in lubricant back to the reservoir. This
MACHINES HAVE homes and offices every day. These

would include things such as paper
type of lubrication system is advanta-
geous for a variety of reasons.
HUNDREDS, towels, hygiene products, diapers,

etc. All of these items are made in
Machines lubricated with circu-
lating oil tend to operate cooler than
IF NOT paper factories that were either built
for these products or have been
those that are splash-lubricated. This
reduced operating temperature helps
THOUSANDS, OF retooled to manufacture them. In
addition, these segments of industry
extend the life of the lubricant and
the lubricated component. Besides
LUBE POINTS are growing, causing the demand
to keep the machines running at an
its cooling function, circulating oil
also can reduce the labor costs of
THAT REQUIRE all-time high. lubricating each point individually.
One of the best ways to achieve Although a lubrication technician
PERIODIC fault-free operation of paper machines must monitor each line to ensure the
is to ensure the proper lubricant is proper volume is being applied, phys-
APPLICATION applied to the frictional surfaces. ically adding oil to every point is not
Most paper machines have hundreds, required with these systems.
OF OIL OR if not thousands, of lube points that Circulating systems employ
pumps that force oil where it needs
GREASE.” require periodic application of oil
or grease. There are bearings, gears, to go. Since the oil is pumped,
couplings, journals, cylinders and there is an opportunity to filter it
valves which must all receive the and remove harmful contaminants
correct lubricant to survive the rigors that may damage sensitive machine
of the paper-making process. components. It is not uncommon to
find multiple filter locations within
Circulating Systems paper machine oil systems. Filters
Since paper machines often located in the supply line can remove
have a high number of lube points contaminants before the oil goes

ML
to work. Filters in the return line help scrub wet pulp is placed onto a web or screen and funnel the used oil to a collection container.
contaminants that were recently ingressed by then transported through the machine where Some facilities have attempted to reclaim and
the process. Off-line filters continually circulate it is dried and fashioned into the desired thick- recondition this leaked oil in order to reintro-
oil in the reservoir through filters to further ness. The press and calender sections are where duce it into the machine. Provided the base
polish the oil. When all of these filters are the finished product’s thickness is usually oil and additives are still healthy, this can be a
utilized in unison, not only will the circulating formed. In these sections, the paper machine viable option, but it does have inherent risks.
oil be very clean, but vast amounts of machine lubricant may also be used as a hydraulic If the oil cannot be fully filtered to remove
wear can be reduced. medium. The oil provides the force required the gross contamination, it will become yet
Paper machine circulating systems normally to push the rolls together, determining the another source of contaminant ingression for
hold hundreds if not thousands of gallons of paper’s thickness. The hydraulic pumps and the lubrication system. Also, the practice of
oil. With this volume, the oil has adequate valves in these areas of the machine are highly capturing and then reconditioning the lubri-
residence time in the reservoir, allowing parti- contaminant sensitive, so the oil must be kept cant may not be cost-effective. The amount of
cles and water to fall out of suspension, air to relatively clean throughout its operating life to effort required to clean the oil to an acceptable
separate, and the oil to cool. There is also a ensure the life of the components. level would far outweigh the cost of buying
larger volume of additives to enhance the oil’s new oil and adding it to the reservoir.
lubricating properties. All of these factors can Leakage Continually topping up the lubricant
combine to significantly extend the life of the With hundreds of pipe connections, can help to extend the time between oil
oil and equipment. lube points and machine interfaces, paper changes. The new lubricant brings with it
machines frequently are plagued by lubricant new additives and dilutes any damaged base
Bearings leaks. This leakage also leads to two other oil, thus improving the lubricating properties
Along with serving multiple functions
problems: capturing the leaked lubricant and of the oil overall. Some paper machines never
inside the circulating system, paper machine
continuously topping up the oil reservoir. undergo a full drain-and-fill of the oil reser-
lubricants must lubricate numerous component
Capturing the lubricant normally is voir because of this practice of adding new oil
types. Bearings are perhaps the most common,
achieved with pans or rails, which collect and as the used oil leaks out.
particularly roll bearings tied to the centralized
lubrication system. These rolls help transport,
size and dry the paper. As the rolls turn, the
bearings must be simultaneously lubricated and
cooled. The flowing oil transfers heat away from
the bearing and provides the required lubri-
cating film for smooth, consistent operation.
If the bearing housing allows contaminants
into the system, the moving oil can carry these
contaminants out of the housing to the filters
or reservoir to be settled out of the system.
Gears
In some paper machines, the centralized
lubrication system also lubricates gearing that
drives certain sections of the machine. Gears
present a different challenge than bearings in
that the load tends to be much higher. This
leads to greater stress on the lubricant film and
generally requires the use of additives to protect
the machine surfaces. The gears are commonly
simple spur gears that mesh together. They
can handle more chemically active lubricants
without the risk of corrosion or chemical degra-
dation to the gear surface. These gears often
have a more defined pitch line, which makes
the building of a lubricating film easier.
Press and Calender Sections

During the paper manufacturing process,

IN THE TRENCHES
By the Paper Machine Oils

Lubricants used in paper
the filters at all expected operating
temperatures. This is largely a func-
must be inspected to verify that they
are working properly.
Numbers: machines are specially formulated tion of the viscosity and viscosity
to handle the rigors of the applica- index. Moreover, as oil flows through Oil Changes
the filter, the additives must remain With large volumes of oil at
tion. These oils tend to have high
4,390 paper levels of additives to combat water in the oil and not be stripped by the
filter. Paper machine oils require
stake, many mills choose to change
their paper machine oil based on
manufacturing contamination and support the loads
in working zones. The lubricants many additives, so look for lubricants its condition rather than taking a
facilities are generally consist of antioxidants, rust that are filterable and retain their
additives during the process.
time-based approach. This allows
them not only to get the most life
inhibitors and anti-wear additives.
currently oper- In certain cases, they may also have
Usage Considerations
out of their oil but also to track
and trend variables like wear debris
ating in the detergent additives to help prevent
buildup on machine surfaces due to
The intended use of the finished and contamination. Normal oil
United States, the breakdown of the oil.
paper product can also be a factor in
lubricant selection. In cases where
analysis test slates can be used to
examine the particle count, water
according to Viscosity is the most important
physical property of a lubricant
the paper is used for food packaging
or hygiene products, food-grade
content, viscosity, additives and wear
metals. Other tests, such as varnish
the American and must be properly selected for
the application. Paper machine
lubricants may be required. This potential, foam tendency and demul-
Forest & Paper lubricants typically have a viscosity
will limit your lubricant options
as well as the additives that can be
sibility, should also be conducted
periodically to look for a breakdown
Association of more than 150 centistokes (cSt).
This viscosity allows the oil to be
used. Mandatory compliance with
the Food Safety Modernization
of the base oil or any changes in the
oil’s physical properties.
pumped but still provides a thick Act (FSMA) has made this issue
enough lubricating film to protect even more important. Be sure to Lubricant Selection
the bearings. If the viscosity is too ask your internal FSMA champion Selecting the right lubricant
low, the lubricated components will what the best course of action is for for any application can be chal-
suffer accelerated wear and have a minimizing any incidental contact lenging. The same is true for
shorter lifespan. Conversely, if the of the lubricant with the product. paper machines. As this industry
viscosity is too high, additional continues to evolve, the lubricants
power is needed to pump the lubri- Grease Lubrication used in these machines will as well.
cant. Temperatures may also run Depending on the paper However, by following the simple
higher due to viscous drag. machine’s design, some bearings practice of keeping lubricants clean,
Demulsibility is another critical may be lubricated with grease. There cool and dry, you can ensure the
lubricant property to consider. The are specific greases formulated for best possible life for your lubricants
oil must be able to readily separate these applications as well. They typi- and machines. ML
from any water picked up during cally utilize a higher viscosity base
its journey through the system. oil (above 220 cSt), have high water About the Author
The lubricant should also be able to resistance and are white so as not Wes Cash is the director of
transport this water to the reservoir to impact the color of the finished technical services for Noria Corpora-
or a settling tank, where it sheds the product if any grease would happen tion. He serves as a senior technical
water and continues its way through to fall onto the paper during its trip consultant for Lubrication Program
the lubrication circuit. through the machine. Development projects and as a senior
instructor for Noria’s Oil Analysis II
Contamination Control Automatic Lubrication and Machinery Lubrication I and II
Filters should be employed on Although certain paper machines training courses. Wes holds a Machine
every paper machine circulating may be greased one point at a time Lubrication Technician (MLT)
system. Without the ability to remove by a lube tech, others are tied into Level II certification and a Machine
contaminants, the oil and machine large, centralized greasing systems. Lubricant Analyst (MLA) Level III
surfaces will degrade rapidly. Many These systems dispense grease from certification through the International
paper mills choose filters with a a central reservoir to every point Council for Machinery Lubrication
focus on smaller particles, such as 10 using injectors. The injectors set the (ICML). Contact Wes at wcash@
microns or less, as they often cause volume applied at each point. When noria.com to learn how Noria can
the greatest damage. The selected oil automatic greasing systems are help you implement best practices for
must also be able to pass through employed, the lines and each injector lubricating machines at your facility.

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Make this task quick, clean, easy and correct by using locks on with a leak-proof seal. Easy greasing! Use on existing oil being replaced. Find out why, plus the crit-
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[email protected] 978-486-0123 800.749.5823 – 903.534.8021

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
This month, Machinery Lubrication continues its “Test Your Knowledge” section in which we focus on a group of questions from Noria’s
Practice Exam for Level I Machine Lubrication Technician and Machine Lubricant Analyst. The answers are located at the bottom of this
page. The complete 126-question practice test with expanded answers is available at store.noria.com.
Stay Connected With Noria
1. Anti-wear and extreme-pressure additives function by:

A) Reacting within the bulk oil to form wear protecting chemicals.
B) Are used in the same oil formulations.
C) Reacting with the iron surface due to frictional heat to reduce surface damage.
D) Stopping the wear reaction pathway.
E) Altering the surface tension of the oil.
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https://twitter.com/NoriaCorp
2. Which hardware is the best for sampling pressurized

lines above 500 psi?
A) A long dead-leg of piping with a plug at the end
B) A pressure-regulating valve or a helical coil connected to a minimess valve
C) A capped drain plug
D) A minimess valve located on an elbow
E) A minimess valve located on a straight length of pipe
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3. Upper and lower alarm limits are generally needed http://www.facebook.com/noriacorp
on which oil analysis test results?
A) Acid number
B) Base number
C) Viscosity
D) Flash point
E) RPVOT
new (reference) oil.
Connect with us on LinkedIn

and RPVOT, lower limits are generally monitored by comparing them to the values of
https://www.linkedin.com/company
monitored by comparing it to the AN value of new oil. For the base number, flash point
/noria-corporation
in some cases component failure. For acid number (AN), the upper limit is normally
other hand, a lower viscosity may not be able to carry the load, which causes wear and
leads to churning as well as high temperature and its associated problems. On the
nents run on the correct oil film. Viscosity that is higher than the system requirements
Viscosity upper and lower alarm limits are needed to ensure that lubricated compo-
3. C
These two methods help control (reduce) the pressure to safely collect samples.
2. B
abrasive wear. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

high frictional heat from a low shear-strength film that protects against adhesive and
Anti-wear and extreme-pressure additives react with a component’s surface due to
Continue learning with us on

1. C
ANSWERS
YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/user/noriacorp

BOOKSTORE
Welcome to Machinery Lubrication’s Bookstore, designed to spotlight lubrication-
related books. For a complete listing of books of interest to lubrication professionals, check out the Bookstore at store.noria.com.
Reliable Plant Introduction

2017 Conference to Lubrication
Proceedings Fundamentals
Format: CD Training Video
Publisher: Noria Corporation Format: DVD
If you missed the learning Publisher: Noria Corporation
sessions at Reliable Plant Having a solid grasp of the
2017, you can still get the fundamentals of lubricants
conference proceedings on and lubrication is at the core of
CD-ROM. It includes the papers and presentations in any world-class lubrication program. This 37-minute
PDF format from nearly every educational session. The video will help you understand lubricant functions,
real-world case studies at Reliable Plant 2017 were full the differences between common lubricant types,
Use the Correct Oil of practical, experience-based information and tools for their advantages and disadvantages, as well as what
Poster lubrication and reliability programs. makes them perform or fail.
Chemistry and Root Cause

Technology of Analysis —
Lubricants — Fourth Edition
3rd Edition Authors: Robert, Kenneth
Authors: R.M. Mortier, M.F. and Mark Latino
Fox and S.T. Orszulik This 279-page edition
This updated and revised explains how to identify,
third edition describes the understand and prevent
chemical components that contribute to the formu- chronic problems that
lation of liquid lubricants and includes a discussion hinder the attainment of organizational goals using
of lubricant technology for specific applications. It is root cause analysis (RCA). Outlining steps to teach
Home Sweet Home of particular relevance for those in industry who are you how to automate the RCA process, the infor-
Poster involved with lubricant additives, formulation and mation in this book can improve the reliability of
testing, as well as those who are concerned with the your plant assets and save your company precious
use and specification of lubricants. time and money.
Machinery Lubrication I Study Pack

• • Flash Card Pack
• • 125-question Practice Exam
• • How to Take a Multiple-Choice Exam
• • Machinery Lubrication Reference Guide
•• Oil Analysis Basics
• • The Practical Handbook of
Machinery Lubrication
Keep Our
Machines Clean See page 53 for the next scheduled training class.
Poster

Alejandro Meza | Noria Corporation
PERSPECTIVE Food-grade Lubricants
Selecting Lubricants for

Pharmaceutical Facilities
Over the past few years, there
has been an increasing interest in
the use of food-grade lubricants
for machines operating in the
pharmaceutical industry. While these lubri-
cants can be beneficial, several other factors
must be considered.
Modern machinery used in the produc-
tion of pharmaceuticals generally requires
minimal or even no lubrication, particularly
in sections of the production line where
the product or its packaging is processed.
However, other machines with chains or
moving components near the production
line may need lubrication, and the lubricant
recommended by the equipment manufac-
turer might not always be classified as H1
food grade or certified according to the ISO
21469 standard. In these cases, it must be
determined whether the machinery should
be lubricated with conventional lubricants or
if there are specific requirements for selecting
an appropriate lubricant.
Lubricant Requirements
31%
Lubricant selection should begin by
considering the lubrication needs of the
component or machine in terms of the load,
speed, viscosity and application method. Once
of lubrication professionals do these parameters have been defined, additional
not know when a food-grade requirements must be taken into account,
lubricant is required, according
such as food-grade properties. While the use
to a recent survey at
MachineryLubrication.com of food-grade lubricants is widely accepted in
pharmaceutical facilities, these H1-registered or

PERSPECTIVE
ISO 21469-certified products are primarily intended for This last statement allows for the use of food-grade
food-processing plants and applications in which there lubricants in exposed areas of the machine. However,
is incidental contact with food. this should be addressed and documented properly. The
The U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) FDA also permits the use of lubricants in a manufac-
provides regulations and good practice recommen- turing facility or in isolated machine sections when there
dations regarding pharmaceutical manufacturing is no risk of contact with the pharmaceutical product or
equ ipment a nd its packaging.
lubricants within When a lubricant is
t he C o d e of needed in an area that
Federal Regulations IT MUST BE DETERMINED WHETHER THE is exposed to the drug
(CFR). In 21 CFR MACHINERY SHOULD BE LUBRICATED WITH product, the poten-
211.65, it states: tial impact should be
“Equipment shall CONVENTIONAL LUBRICANTS OR IF THERE ARE analyzed to ensure it will
be constructed so SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTING AN not be detrimental to the
that surfaces that product’s intended fitness
contact compo- APPROPRIATE LUBRICANT. for use. This requirement
nents, in-process is stricter than the crite-
materials, or drug rion for food-processing
products shall not be reactive, additive, or absorptive machines, which allows a maximum lubricant contam-
so as to alter the safety, identity, strength, quality, or ination of 10 parts per million.
purity of the drug product beyond the official or other In general, sealed-for-life or non-lubricated
established requirements.” components should be the first choice for machinery
The document further stipulates: “Any substances components. Food-grade lubricants are a good option
required for operation, such as lubricants or coolants, for isolated production machine components that need
shall not come into contact with components, drug lubrication. Of course, proper cleaning and sanitizing
product containers, closures, in-process materials, or practices will be required after the application of lubri-
cants within the production area.
drug products so as to alter the safety, identity, strength,
quality, or purity of the drug product beyond the official
or other established requirements.”
Lubrication-related Requirements
In CFR 21.211, the FDA provides guidance
From this information, it can be concluded that
regarding lubrication practices and machine main-
machine operation should be free of lubricants in
tenance used in the manufacturing, processing and
sections or components where exposure to a pharma- packing of pharmaceuticals. It emphasizes the impor-
Helpful Resources ceutical product or its packaging may occur. Keep tance of maintaining clean equipment and establishing
For more information on this sub- in mind this regulation does not specify that lubri- written procedures, including lubrication procedures.
ject, visit the following websites: cants should not be applied in machinery utilized for If a lubricant change or lubrication issue could impact
NSF International pharmaceutical production, but rather that lubricants product quality, written records are required to be kept
www.nsf.org
U.S. Federal Drug Administration
should not come in contact with the drug product. relating to the affected product batch. However, routine
www.fda.gov Moreover, while lubrication routes would not be maintenance such as lubrication does not have specific
U.S. Government Publishing expected in equipment sections that are exposed to record-keeping requirements.
Office the product or its packaging, it is possible to lubricate
www.ecfr.gov
isolated machine sections. Lubricant Selection
The FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practice Guidance For effective lubricant selection in pharmaceutical
for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients offers additional facilities, one of the first steps should be to classify
information on lubricants used in the manufacturing machines by the application. For support services
process: “Any substances associated with the operation equipment not located in the production area and that
of equipment, such as lubricants, heating fluids or cool- have no potential contact with production machinery
ants, should not contact intermediates or APIs (Active or the product/packaging, it is possible to use H2 lubri-
Pharmaceutical Ingredients) so as to alter the quality of cants, which are not intended for food-grade (incidental
APIs or intermediates beyond the official or other estab- contact) applications. These types of machines would
lished specifications. Any deviations from this practice include pumps, compressors, gearboxes and hydraulic
should be evaluated to ensure that there are no detri- systems involved in the supply of water, compressed
mental effects on the material’s fitness for use. Wherever gases and energy. Most lubricants (non-H1) in the
possible, food-grade lubricants and oils should be used.” market fulfill H2 requirements, while only a limited

number have a formal H2 registration. If a compressed air line for
production machines requires lubrication, an H1 lubricant would be
a good choice.
Machines or machine components that are situated in the produc-
tion area but with a physical barrier blocking exposure to the locations
where products and packages are processed have no formal require-
ments for lubricant selection. However, food-grade lubricants may
be preferred to maximize safe maintenance practices related to the
production machines.
For components like sliding ways, chains or conveyors that have
the potential to contact drug products or packaging, further analysis
is recommended to identify the components’ true lubrication needs.
Determine whether these pieces must be lubricated, and if so, what
lubricant type, application method and frequency would be suitable.
For instance, a chain can be lubricated with oil, grease or dry spray.
Clean-room applications may demand the sterilization of tools and
machine components. If lubrication is needed, it may be necessary
to use not only food-grade quality but lubricants previously steril-
ized through thermal treatment (autoclave) or gamma irradiation. In
these cases, lubricant selection should include additional performance
requirements such as high oxidation, chemical or radiation resistance.
Special storage and handling procedures may also be required.
Whenever possible, switch to sealed-for-life or non-lubricated
components to eliminate lubrication tasks as well as potential lubri-
cant contact. Typically, the pharmaceutical industry utilizes relatively
smaller machines and components than other sectors. The equipment
also tends to operate in controlled environments. These favorable
conditions facilitate the conversion to a sealed-for-life or non-lubricated
asset. This recommendation is intended for production areas, but it can
also be beneficial if implemented across the facility.
In certain circumstances, an ISO 21469-certified lubricant may
be preferred over a lubricant registered as H1 food grade. While both
classifications involve food-grade lubricants for incidental contact with
products, the ISO certification “reviews the level of quality control
applied to the formulation, manufacturing, distribution and storage
of the lubricant to ensure it complies with the highest standards of
hygiene.” Both classifications are managed by NSF International.
Finally, be sure to follow the established protocols for change
management and keep a record of all lubricant conditions, analysis, deci-
sions and actions taken. For official recommendations and regulation
interpretations, contact the appropriate federal organization. The FDA’s
Division of Drug Information may also offer further assistance. ML
About the Author

Alejandro Meza is a senior technical consultant with Noria
Corporation. He has more than 20 years of experience in the lubricant
industry, technical services, quality assurance, training, consulting and www.Beckman.com/particle
development in the United States, Brazil, Mexico and the Americas © 2017 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Beckman Coulter, the
stylized logo, and the Beckman Coulter product
region. Contact Alejandro at [email protected] to learn how Noria and service names used herein are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Beckman Coulter, Inc. in
can help you select the right lubricants for your application. the United States and other countries.

ASK THE EXPERTS
“What are the top three characteristics you look for when
considering an oil analysis laboratory (i.e., turnaround
time, price, quality, capabilities, etc.)?”
Selecting an oil analysis should be followed for all types of Customer Service
laboratory can be daunting testing instruments. Also, do not be The services an oil analysis labo-
if you don’t know where to afraid to ask questions. ratory offers should go beyond those
begin. Once you make the relating simply to the oil samples.
decision to initialize an oil analysis Data Interpretation The individual in charge of receiving
program at your plant or to find a An oil analysis report is not the reports at the plant should be in
quality lab other than the one offered intended to be just a sheet of paper frequent communication with those
by your oil supplier, there are several with raw data results. These tests who interpret data at the lab to
important factors to consider. The can be quite complicated, so it may collaborate on possible explanations
following three attributes will be key not be easy to determine an obvious for data anomalies and to obtain
to building a successful relationship concern, let alone an inconspic- expert advice on determining the
with your oil analysis lab. uous or unusual one. The best oil best course of action. The laboratory
analysis reports come complete should also offer a hotline to provide
Quality of Testing quality customer service whenever
with a full analysis interpretation
Many laboratories struggle to you need it.
meet their customers’ expecta- summary. This should not be
Please note that price is not
tions because of mishaps in testing computer-generated but tailored
included in this list, as you should
procedures. A quality lab will make by a specialist. The report should expect the cost of laboratory services
efforts to follow ASTM or ISO test also have graphs that show trend to remain competitive. Also, in
procedures in order to maintain the data, along with a comparison regard to price, it is important to
utmost accuracy in analysis interpre- to the baseline, as well as critical keep in mind that a single machine
tation. Be sure to find out whether and cautionary limits. Finally, the failure that is avoided through oil
there will be any deviations to the report should feature a layout that analysis can justify an entire year or
standardized test procedures, which is easy to understand. more of the oil analysis program.
“Can you offer any advice on selecting desiccant breathers

for gearboxes in the mining industry?
Which factor plays more Desiccant breathers are great machinery as well as those that are
of a role in breather contamination control accessories in harsh environments where the
selection: the sump head- for machines that would other- oil may become contaminated and
space above the oil level, wise be breathing in dirty, wet break down quickly.
ambient conditions like high air. These devices allow for the air These breathers have a partic-
humidity or a dusty environ- being ingressed by the machine to ulate filter phase and a moisture
ment, the machine type (mobile be cleaned of particulate matter absorption phase. Both of these
unit or fixed installation), the type and also dried to help control the phases are essential not only for
of oil and its application, or the amount of water in the oil. This the health of the lubricant but also
oil’s cleanliness requirement?” becomes very important in critical for the health of the machinery.

ML
Considering all of these variables will more protection than needed rather than to
provide the most effective way to select a skimp on quality in order to save money. ML
desiccant breather. While a number of options
are available, some are better suited for certain If you have a question for one of Noria’s
situations. Remember, it is far better to provide experts, email it to [email protected].
Find us online at
klsummit.com
Solid particulate contaminants can lead to

machinery failure mechanisms such as three-
body abrasive wear. Moisture contamination
can result in adhesive failure mechanisms
and increase the rate at which lubricants
break down.
Oil by nature is hygroscopic, which means
it will absorb moisture readily from any source,
including from humidity in the air. By utilizing
a desiccant breather, you can reduce the
amount of moisture in the air that is entering
the system.
The headspace is important to keep in
mind, as it can help determine the amount
of “breathing” that will occur inside the
machine. Therefore, it is imperative to under-
stand how much the headspace can fluctuate.
For instance, the headspace in a splash-lubri-
cated gearbox will fluctuate less than that of
a hydraulic system reservoir where there are
large volumetric changes within the sump. This Customer
volumetric flow rate must be within the breath-
er’s capabilities, or it may cause a vacuum or
Service
pressurization condition inside the component. is not dead.
The environment in which the machine
operates should be considered as well. For
severe environments, such as those with water
spray and large amounts of dirt, select a desic-
cant breather that can handle the expected
amounts of contamination. For the most severe Great Products. Great Service.
environments, you might choose a breather Whether it’s fixing an issue, finding the right application,
with a check valve or bladder assembly to help the right product, oil analysis, cross-over, compatibility,
prolong the desiccant’s life. or any other need, we’re here to support our customers.
The cleanliness level required by the
machine must also be taken into account when
determining the desired desiccant quality. Of ( 800.749.5823
Klüber Lubrication NA LP
course, the more critical machines should Summit products are made in U.S.
receive the most attention.

Bryan Johnson
TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

Lubrication Programs
Online Tools Can Simplify

the Certification Process
Professional certification based on the certification information isn’t included as part of tion can be found under the “Certifications and
demonstration of knowledge through the training offering or it’s not possible to take the Exams” menu tab.
formal testing is a key element in exam immediately after the training, an exam can Successfully completing a higher tier
lubrication and oil analysis programs. still be self-scheduled through the ICML website certification is one way to extend an ICML
However, identifying the requirements for certi- at a later date. Individuals who do not wish to certification for an additional three years. The
fication testing is often not as straightforward. self-register can also send an email to ICML and other option is to recertify. Recertification
Fortunately, online tools can help make the process request scheduling assistance. requirements are based on a point system. Main-
easier. For example, the International Council for When scheduling an exam, be sure to allow taining employment as a lubrication professional
Machinery Lubrication (ICML) maintains a useful ample time for testing. ICML does not limit an will earn points to recertify, but this information
website – www.lubecouncil.org – to assist individ- exam sitting to a single test. Any of its certification must still be registered. If you would like to
uals with their certification needs. tests can be taken at each exam sitting. The exam extend your certification or if your certification
session calendar feature on the organization’s has lapsed, the ICML staff can help. Contact
Language Flexibility website displays upcoming test sites throughout them via email at [email protected].
One powerful function of the ICML website the world. Certification candidates are welcome
is its flexibility in viewing content in 11 different to enroll at any of these published locations. An Search the List
languages, specifically Chinese, Dutch, English, option also allows you to find nearby exams by of Certified Professionals
French, German, Russian, Italian, Japanese, entering your location in the search field. In ICML maintains a listing of all individuals
Korean, Portuguese and Spanish. The organiza- addition, ICML can arrange for a private exam who hold active certifications. This list can be
tion’s certification exams are available in these session. This will require sending an email to accessed by navigating from the home page using
same languages. While the website’s default [email protected]. the “Certified Professionals” menu tab. Certified
is English, non-English speakers can select a individuals are listed alphabetically along with
language from the pulldown menu or by clicking Extend Certifications their company, country and all certifications
the appropriate flag on the righthand side of the It’s only natural that job duties and require- currently held. As employment situations change,
home page. ments may change as professional skills and it is recommended that individuals review their
competencies increase. The next logical career information and provide ICML with corrections
Schedule Exams step is to extend your certification by enrolling or updates when appropriate.
Of course, the first step in achieving certi- in additional training and then following up
fication is to complete the necessary training. with the next higher tier test. ICML certifica- Reap the Full Benefits
Most individuals prefer to schedule a certifications and training are offered in three distinct of Certification
tion exam immediately after training has been tracks and at progressively higher levels for A certification is a valuable industry-based
completed so the course information will still be Machine Lubricant Analyst (MLA), Machine acknowledgement of a highly desirable skill set. It
fresh in their minds. ICML exam sessions typi- Lubrication Technician (MLT) and Laboratory is useful for employers and employees alike. ICML’s
cally are scheduled for the afternoon or morning Lubricant Analyst (LLA). The ICML website website and other online tools can help both compa-
following the training. describes the associated competencies for each of nies and certification candidates achieve the full
Training providers can often supply infor- these certifications, including their requirements benefits of certification. Be sure to take advantage
mation on related certification exams. If the and the knowledge base needed. This informa- of them in your certification journey. ML

CERTIFICATION NEWS
Recent Recipients of ICML Certifications

The International Council for Machinery Lubrication (ICML) continues to provide skill certi-
fication testing for professionals in the areas of oil analysis and machinery lubrication.
The organization offers three certifications: Machine Lubricant Analyst (MLA), Machine
Lubrication Technician (MLT) and Laboratory Lubricant Analyst (LLA). ICML congratu-
lates the following individuals who recently achieved certified status in one of the three
certification areas.
Abdelgadir Zienelabdin Glaleldin Dorthy Whited, MLT I Cervecera de Puerto Rico Erickson Gerald D. Lubat, MLA II
Gergawe, MLA II Scott Dierks, MLT I Francisco Hernandez, MLA I
Amjed Amin Abdelgalil Mustafa, Shaun Finlinson, MLT I Flint Hills Resources
MLA II Chevron Fred Viano Jr., MLT I
ATI Metals Brian Noble, MLT I
3M Artie Host, MLT I Fluid Life Corp.
Charles Davis, MLT I
Elliot Brandenburg, MLT I Brian Keeney, MLT I Adam Kuebel, MLA I
Daniel Delaughter, MLT I
Randall Albrecht, MLT I James Dodge, MLT I Derek Mallette, MLT I Fortescue Metals Group
Jason Waggoner, MLT I Derrick Ross, MLT I Christopher Gibbons, MLA II
Abbvie Jeffry Sitton, MLT I Greg Fleming, MLT I
Angel Rojas Reyes, MLT I Jeremy Gerhardt, MLT I Fuchs
Jeremy Henry, MLT I
Juan Jimenez Nunez, MLT I Joe McKinney, MLT I Joel Woods, MLT I Omar Romero, MLT I
Marilyn Goyco de Vera, MLT I Joseph Longtin, MLT I Joseph Crawford, MLT I
Mervin Rivera Vazquez, MLT I Kevin Dixon, MLT I Robert Grogan, MLT I GCI
Advanced Technology Lucas Lindstrom, MLT I
Ron Freitas, MLT I
Timothy Presley, MLT I
Val DeLancey, MLT I
Jesse Merritt, MLT I
Joseph Bond, MLT I
Need to take
Services
Brandon Keeney, MLT I Atlantic LNG Company of China Aluminum General Electric an exam?
Aker Trinidad & Tobago Ming Cai, MLT I Ben Payton, MLT I ICML regularly holds
Jerome Watson, MLT I Qingyu Ma, MLT I Billy Maners, MLT I
Fredrik Sirevaag, MLA I
Yuan Li, MLT I Calvin Robinson, MLT I exam sessions throughout
Henrik Neudecker, MLA I Axiall Corp. Curtiss Crowe, MLT I the United States and the
Aleris Rolled Products Christopher Pourciau, MLA I China Nuclear Power Co. Ed Potts, MLT I
Kezhen Wang, MLT I
world. Upcoming dates
Eric Gray, MLA I Greg Lamb, MLT I
Barrick Jason Brown, MLT I and locations for ICML
Alliant Energy James Syme, MLA III China Petroleum
Hao Zhang, MLT I
Mary Jo Cherney, MLT I exams can be found at
Don Singer, MLT I Michael Kunz, MLT I
Jay Schnelle, MLT I
BASF
Rodney Lewis, MLT I
www.lubecouncil.org.
Azlee Bin Anis, MLA II Coca-Cola
Carlos Santiago, MLA I Steve Hall, MLT I
Altec Industries
BHP Billiton Timothy Koeninger, MLT I
Bradley Vinson, MLT I CRE Philippines William Bishop, MLT I
Nathan Baxter, MLA II
Aluminum Products Joy Lomugdang, MLA II
Bintulu Port General Mills
Ali Saeed Al Mesbah, MLA I Dong-A System
Americas Styrenics
Awang Raisudin Bin Awang
Saifudin, MLA I Seung Gyu Kim, MLT I
Jessie Tatum, MLT I
ICML Certifications
Georgia-Pacific
Craig Jacobs, MLT I DSME
Boise Paper Adam Albright, MLA I
Anglo American Craig Manley, MLT I Sung Bum Hong, MLT I AJ Robertson, MLT I LLA I
Tobias Francois Johannes van
C&W Services DuPont
Andrew Linn, MLT I L aboratory Lubricant
Andrew Meredith, MLA II
Rhyn, MLA II
Orrin McCarty Jr., MLT I Cody Welch, MLA II Anindya Patra, MLA I
A nalyst Level I
Arauco EcoElectrica Christopher Ey, MLT I
Cameco
Gonzalo Garcia Roque, MLA II
Deanna Exley, MLA I Luis Ramos, MLA I Corey Hinrichs, MLT I MLA I
Cory Hank, MLT I M achine Lubricant
ArcelorMittal Eco-Services Dax Bolin, MLT I
Kevin Polacec, MLT I Canfor Pulp Limited A nalyst Level I
Jeffrey Kiss, MLA I Ryan Powell, MLA II Dennis Toms, MLT I
Ascend Performance Dianne Van Valkenburgh, MLT I
Materials Caraustar Industries Elantas
William Hellmuth, MLT I & MLA I
Emmett Scott, MLT I MLA II
Bryan Hawkins, MLT I Frank Branch, MLT I
Aaron Chatraw, MLT I
Matthew Fisher, MLT I Geoffrey McCall, MLT I
M achine Lubricant
Austin Langfeldt, MLT I Energy Development Corp. A nalyst Level II
Cory Steigerwald, MLT I Jane Olson, MLT I
Cargill Robert Aguilar, MLA II
Derrick McDaniel, MLT I Jarreau Jackson, MLT I
Francis Szymanski, MLT I
Justen Brown, MLT I
Kelsie Perkins, MLT I
Entergy Jason Wood, MLT I
Jay Gardner, MLA I
MLA III
Guy Lowery, MLT I Gregory Vest, MLA I M achine Lubricant
Kevin Lloyd, MLT I Jeremy Davis, MLT I
James Stinson, MLT I
Kraig Hall, MLA I
Terry Oyster, MLT I Entidad Binacional Yacyreta Joe Fitzgerald, MLT I A nalyst Level III
Horacio Martinez, MLA II John Fitzgerald, MLT I
Luis Silva, MLT I Carmacks
Mark Cottingham, MLT I
Rubin ODonovan III, MLT I
Cynthia Bouchard-Gagne, MLT I Excel Contractors
Kadee Patterson, MLT I
Keith Flynt, MLT I MLT I
Kim Panepinto, MLT I Kimberly Long, MLT I M achine Lubrication
Salvador Quezada, MLT I Catalyst Paper
Shane Odom, MLT I Michael Mayer, MLT I Exelon Corp. Matt Woodward, MLT I Technician Level I
William Brazell, MLT I Joseph Bendyk, MLA II Michael Ford Sr., MLT I
CertainTeed Gypsum Michael Musgrove, MLT I
Ash Grove Cement Jacob Williams, MLT I
Lucas Zimmerman, MLA I
Michael Webb, MLT I MLT II
Brandon Marple, MLT I Larry Larson, MLT I FCF Minerals Corp. Oliver George, MLT I M achine Lubrication
Technician Level II
CERTIFICATION NEWS
Robert Rush Jr., MLT I Kimberly Clark National Oilwell Varco Joshua Merchant, MLT I Shell Trinidad and Tobago
Solomon Chikere, MLA I David Middleton, MLT I Stian Haukalid Jensen, MLA I Clint Jaggernauth, MLT I
Stacy Taylor, MLT I Platte River Power Authority
Timmy Pullin, MLT I Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Nestle Wes Ridinger, MLA II Shermco Industries
Byong Woo Cheon, MLT I Michael Lueth, MLT I Brian Dircks, MLT I
Georgia Power Prairie State Generating Co.
Hyun Ju Lim, MLT I Cody Young, MLT I
Chris O’Neal, MLT I Jin Goo Huh, MLT I
Noranda Alumina Mark Leonhardt, MLT I Steve Swiech, MLT I
Christopher “Brent” Hazelwood,
Glencore Laboratorio Dr. Lantos Qingdao Technological Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde
MLT I
Juan Alonso Pizarro Delgado,
University Sergio Muniz Madueno, MLA II
Andres B. Lantos, MLA II
MLA II Oelcheck Jing Wang, MLT I
LafargeHolcim Dominik Bohnert, MLA II Soltrak
GN Power Mariveles Florian Wenning, MLA II
Renewable Energy Group Eduardo Tapia Melgar, MLA I
Eric Prena, MLA I
Joanna Marie Obien, MLA II Marcel Giehl, MLA II Mark Crochet, MLT I Jose Alberto Bernui Vilchez, MLA I
Hunter Rousseau, MLT I
Matthias Assmann, MLA II Trenton DuBois, MLT I
Mitchell Friedman, MLA II Southern Co.
Harley Davidson Motor Co. Raphael Hartmann, MLA II
Lake Lubes RelaDyne Christopher Harrison, MLA II
Charles Lechmaier, MLA I
Olein Recovery Colin Istre, MLA II Gavin Love, MLA I
Ahmed Abdelrhman
Hecla Mining Co. Yousif Mohmed, MLA III Yolanda Rivas, MLA I Coty Thibodeaux, MLT I
Alan Blenitz, MLT I Kristen Hebert, MLT I Southern Peru Copper Corp.
Austin Kuhl, MLT I Land O Lakes Packaging Corp. of America Nicholas Morgan, MLA I Martin Ahmed Cary Valdivia,
Daryl Kuk, MLT I Colin Scanlan, MLT I Clifton Shove, MLT I Travis Parker, MLT II MLA II
Elizabeth Floyd, MLT I Lee Moulton, MLA I
Lion Co. Rio Tinto Southwire
Joshua Setzer, MLT I Neil Heeney, MLA I
Kent Palmer, MLT I Robert Sullivan, MLT I Ashley Pritchard, MLA II Matthew Ellis, MLA II & MLT I
Ryan Roomsburg, MLA I
Wade Ralston, MLA I Craig Neumann, MLA II Specialty Granules
Travis Johnson, MLT I Lion Copolymer David Thomson, MLA II
Matthew Watson, MLT I PetroChoice Barry Collier, MLT I
Honeywell Felipe Chaves, MLA II
Keith Martiny, MLT I Allen Kleven, MLT I Ryan Smith, MLA II Square Oil
Longyuan (Beijing) Wind Dan Doherty, MLT I
Kevin Day, MLT I Power Flemming Nielsen, MLA I
Ronny Holum, MLT I Rochelle Foods
Hormel Foods Corp. Ce Yang, MLT I Dean Walker, MLT I Timken Co.
Petroknowledge Travis Selvick, MLT I
Kevin Stinnett, MLT I Lopez Foods Razfaliza Binti Roslan, MLA III Sarawak Shell Berhad
Shane Soppe, MLT I Jim Jackson, MLA I Tremack Holdings
Devendran Raghavan, MLA III
Hyundai-Steel Petrolab Services Kenneth Chen Kit Ken, MLT I
Malakoff Corp. Andre Tambajong, MLA III Saudi Aramco
Young Seup Kim, MLT I Ahmad Zariff Bin Hadderi, MLA II UPM
Ahmed Al Kubaish, MLA I
Amirullah Bin Amran, MLA II Petronas Shane Nelson, MLT I
International Paper Ali Habib Al-Homoud, MLA I
Mohd Fairuz Bin Ahmad, MLA II Alias Bin Kadir, MLA II Ammar Abdullah Abuassonoon,
Gary Kuper, MLT I U.S. Army
Shaza Amirah Mohd Nasir, MLA II Julian Jues, MLA II MLA I
Matthew Gagne, MLT I Alberto Banda, LLA I
Umair Haqqan Aminurrahman, Khairul Hazwan Bin Abdul Francesco Chimenti, MLA I
Invicta MLA II Rahman, MLA II Mohammed Fahad Aljama, MLA I
Mohammad Iqhwan Alimi Mohd
Valmet
Kevin Hughes, MLA I Muhammad Malik, MLA I
Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Yunus, MLA II Paul Merry, MLA III
Kine Grov, MLA I Om Prakash, MLA I
Virgil Sutton, MLT I & MLA I Mohd Fauzi Bin Mamat, MLT I Westlake Chemical Co.
Robert Roed, MLA I Ronny Rusli, MLA I
Muhammad Fadhil Abdul Latif, Caleb Redmond, MLT I
John Bourgeois, MLA II Michelin Zyad Ali Al-Ahmadi, MLA I
MLA II Jarren Cornner, MLT I
Alan Davies, MLA II
ISL Muhammad Hafiz Bin Muhammad Semeq Matthew Grabert, MLT I
Jack Davey, MLT I Mosaic Co. Yunus, MLA I Jorge Luiz Pinheiro Jr., MLA II Matthew McPhate, MLT I
Jeremy Peters, MLT I Ari Dromberg, MLA I Muhammad Husni Bin Mohammad
Sani, MLA III SGI Weyerhaeuser
Donnavan Baker, MLA I
John Deere Albert Havelka, MLA II Chris Brokopp, MLA III
Gord Whitney, MLA I Petroquimica
Bonnie Wulfekuhle, MLA II
Joshua Howe, MLA I Matias Campos, MLA II Shandong Alchemy Wolf Creek Nuclear
Johnsonville Sausage Kyana Main, MLA I Petrochemical Operating Corp.
Timothy Winter, MLA II Mike Fries, MLA I Plant Reliability Engineering Wei Yan, MLT I Matthew Kirk, MLA II
Neil Spearing, MLA I Limited (PRELIM)
Kellogg Brown & Root Tyler Deschambeault, MLA I Deon Harrison, MLT I Shell Xintian China Oil Co.
Jordan Vicknair, MLT I Warren Grona, MLA I Duncan Webb, MLA II Shawn Williams, MLA II Guowei Du, MLT I

Global Training Calendar
November ADVANCED OIL ANALYSIS December

EIbar, Spain • November 21 – 23, 2017
MACHINERY LUBRICATION I MACHINERY LUBRICATION II
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ESSENTIALS OF MACHINERY LUBRICATION Alexandria, Egypt • December 10 – 13, 2017
• November 14 – 16, 2017 Kolkata, India • November 23 – 25, 2017
MACHINERY LUBRICATION II
PRACTICAL OIL ANALYSIS OIL ANALYSIS III
Montreal, Canada • December 12 – 14, 2017
Dhaka, Bangladesh • November 20 – 22, 2017 Johannesburg, South Africa • November 27 – 30, 2017
MACHINERY LUBRICATION II ADVANCED MACHINERY LUBRICATION OIL ANALYSIS I/MACHINERY LUBRICATION I
Kingston, Jamaica • November 21 – 23, 2017 Mumbai, India • November 27 – 29, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand • December 12 – 15, 2017
OIL ANALYSIS II ADVANCED OIL ANALYSIS OIL ANALYSIS II

Jakarta, Indonesia • November 21 – 24, 2017 Mumbai, India • November 30 – 2, 2017 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China • December 13 – 15, 2017
ICML certification testing is available for most of the courses listed.

Visit www.lubecouncil.org for certification information and test dates.

Devin Jarrett | Noria Corporation
BACK PAGE BASICS Greases
4 Grease Tests for Centralized

Lubrication Systems
“
When designing a centralized lubrication Typical responses include “really thick oil,” “a paste-like
system, which comes first: the system or lubricant,” etc. According to ASTM D288, grease is
the grease selection? Most people begin defined as “a solid-to-semifluid product of dispersion of a
with the system and then find a grease that thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Other ingredients
The best is suitable for it. However, the best approach is to start with imparting special properties may be included.”
approach is to a grease that serves the needs of the machine and then Basically, a grease is comprised of three parts: the base
start with the design a lubrication system that works with the lubricant. oil, additives and a thickener. The base oil may constitute
between 70 to 95 percent of the grease. It provides the
grease and then What’s in a Grease? grease’s viscosity and film thickness, and is the founda-
design a system Before considering which tests should be performed tion upon which the grease is built. A mineral, synthetic
to help select the right grease, a basic understanding of or vegetable-based oil may be used in a grease. The oil
that works with grease formulation is needed. During Noria’s training type is selected based on the desired properties needed
the lubricant.” courses, the class is often asked, “What is grease?” for the application.

ML
50%
Additives are employed to impart greases. It can help predict pressure conditions. You must know if the
new properties or to suppress or drops in a centralized lubrication grease will be able to handle the
enhance existing properties of the system under a steady flow and at a intended loads and for how long
base oil. They can make up between constant temperature. The results of before it begins to fail. The ASTM
0 to 10 percent of the grease and this test are reported in centipoise. D1831 structural stability test
method utilizes a penetrometer of lubrication professionals use
typically offer protection to rotating centralized lubrication systems at
equipment during startup and 2. Cone test of unworked grease. The same their plant, based on a recent survey
shutdown. Additives can also help Penetration Test grease is then worked in a standard at MachineryLubrication.com
protect against rust and corrosion. You also will need to determine roll stability device for two hours
The thickener is critical, as it is the required consistency or NLGI at a temperature between 20 to
the vessel that delivers the base oil grade of the grease. A general starting 35 degrees C (68 to 95 degrees F).
and additives to the equipment. point is the expected operating The grease is then put through the
It can represent between 3 to 30 temperature and speed factor. Other penetrometer test again. The differ-
percent of the grease. There are variables that can impact the required ence between the two tests is used
many types of thickeners, but most consistency include the bearing type, to measure the effect of low shear
fit into two categories: simple soap thickener type, base oil viscosity and stability of the oil in the grease.
or complex soap. Other thickeners, base oil type.
such as polyurea, clay and silica, do A cone penetration test (ASTM 4. Ventability Test
not fall into these categories but also D217) is frequently employed to gauge The final test relates specifi-
act as thickening agents in specialty a grease’s consistency. It utilizes a cally to matching the grease to the
grease formulations. weighted cone to penetrate a block of lubrication system’s design and
grease, with four standards of testing the size of tubing to be utilized.
Selecting a Grease the grease’s consistency: undisturbed, Depending on how far the grease
Now that you have a better worked, prolonged worked and block. will be pumped, the tubing size can
understanding of how grease is The focus of this article will be on the
formulated, let’s look at four tests undisturbed and worked tests.
that can reveal how the grease’s An undisturbed penetration test
ingredients will interact inside a provides information on the grease’s
lubrication system. The first prop- consistency during storage conditions.
erty to consider is the base oil’s Worked penetration tests reveal what
apparent viscosity. the consistency of the grease will be
while inside a machine or component.
1. Apparent This is imperative with centralized
Viscosity Test grease systems, as the grease may
Viscosity is the most important be in “storage conditions” for a
property of any lubricant. To prolonged period before it reaches
determine the required base oil the component. Storage conditions
viscosity, you must identify the apply to grease both while it is in a
optimal viscosity for each system drum or other storage container and
component you plan to lubricate. in supply lines.
A grease’s base oil viscosity is noted Among the factors to keep in
on its product data sheet. Once mind when planning a supply-line
you have established the required path are the temperature exposures,
viscosity, test the grease to find its vertical paths, and the time it takes for
apparent viscosity. This relates to the grease to enter the supply line and
mobility of a grease moving through reach its destination. These factors
lines and components of a central- can cause the base oil and thickener
ized lubrication system. Apparent to separate, leading to oil starvation
viscosity involves the collective in the equipment.
influence of the base oil, additives
and thickener. The ASTM D1092 3. Structural Stability Test
standard test is ideal for measuring Next, assess how stable the grease
the apparent viscosity of lubricating will be as it is subjected to operating

BACK PAGE BASICS
significantly impact the system’s It should also be noted that when system around the grease. Avoid
cost. A ventability test will identify grease is subjected to certain condi- common mistakes such as having
the supply-line diameter required for tions under pressure, it can undergo a supply-line diameter that is too
a specific grease. It can also assist in what is called cake-lock. This occurs small or too large, using too much
determining whether the grease can when the grease thickener’s movement or too little pressure to push grease
be used in a centralized lubrication is restricted, leading to a block in the through the supply lines, and sacri-
system and whether grease valves and line or component. The base oil may ficing essential grease properties just
injectors will function properly. The still flow, but the thickener will not. so the lubricant can flow through
test pressurizes grease to 1,800 psi in Without the thickener, the base oil the system.
a 25-foot coil. After the grease has may not reach the working zones of the Now, if you are asked which
stabilized at 1,800 psi, a relief valve components, thus creating lubricant comes first when designing a
is opened and the pressure gauge starvation. All three parts of a grease centralized lubrication system, the
system or the grease, you’ll know
is read after 30 seconds. Matching (the base oil, additives and thickener)
the right answer. ML
this pressure reading to a supply- can contribute to cake-lock, and no
line reference chart will provide the single element can increase or decrease About the Author
diameter needed. the possibility of the condition. Devin Jarrett is the program
Also, when choosing a supply With the results of these tests, manager at Noria Corporation. He
line, be sure to select an appro- you should now have the necessary holds a Machine Lubrication Tech-
priate material. Some metals, such information to make an informed nician (MLT) Level I certification
as copper and galvanized steel, decision. Consider your budget for through the International Council
can have severe effects on the a centralized system when making for Machinery Lubrication (ICML).
grease’s composition. your grease selection but design the Contact Devin at [email protected].
Machinery Lubrication Statement of Ownership 2017

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Tulsa, OK 74105 Nonrequested Distribution (By Mail and Outside the Mail) (1)
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Editor: Jason Sowards, Noria Corporation, 1328 E. 43rd Ct., Outside County Nonrequested Copies Stated on PS Form
16. Total circulation includes electronic copies. Report
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43rd Ct., Tulsa, OK 74105 the USPS by Other Classes of Mail: 0 (4) Nonrequested Copies 17. Publication of Statement of Ownership for a Requester
10. Owner (If the publication is owned by a corporation, give Distributed Outside the Mail: 75 e. Total Nonrequested Publication is required and will be printed in the NOV/DEC
the name and address of the corporation immediately followed Distribution: 9,711 f. Total Distribution: 24,086 g. Copies not
2017 issue of this publication.
by the names and addresses of all stockholders owning or Distributed: 402 h. Total: 24,488 i. Percent Paid and/or
18. Signature and Title of Editor, Publisher, Business Manager,
holding 1 percent or more of the total amount of stock.) Requested Circulation: 59.7%
Owner: Noria Corporation, 1328 E. 43rd Ct., Tulsa, OK 74105 Machinery Lubrication Statement of Ownership 2017 (cont.) or Owner: Mike Ramsey, September 29, 2017. I certify that all
11. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, and Other Security No. Copies of Single Issue Published Nearest to Filing Date information furnished on this form is true and complete. I
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information on this form or who omits material or information
12. Tax Status (For completion by nonprofit organizations Outside the Mail) (1) Outside County Paid/Requested Mail
requested on the form may be subject to criminal sanctions
authorized to mail at nonprofit rates): Has Not Changed Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541: 16,817 (2) In-County
During Preceding 12 Months Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541: 0 (including fines and imprisonment) and/or civil sanctions
13. Publication Title: Machinery Lubrication (3) Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors, (including civil penalties).

THE
HUB
Attached Oil Level
Sight Glass
Recessed Oil
Sampling Port
Attached
Quick Connect
Attached
BS&W Bowl
The Hub of Lubricant Monitoring

The Hub is a multiport adapter for equipment with limited or inaccessi-
ble port locations. It allows you to connect all the tools you need in one
location. The Hub has four lateral ports which allow you to install oil level
sight glasses, BS&W bowls, drain valves, quick connects for filter carts,
etc. It also features a recessed high-flow oil sample port that can tackle
all your sampling needs.
For more information visit Luneta.com | 888-742-2021

Go to noria.com/quicktips/ for more videos.
TRAINING GUIDE
TRAINING
THAT
WORKS
Using Education as a
Catalyst for Change
How Noria Transformed Its Training
Model to Revolutionize the Industry
Learn More on Page 4. >>
Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals | Machinery Lubrication | Oil Analysis

WHY CHOOSE NORIA?
The Difference is in the Details
It’s been said that the only constant thing is change. At Noria, we realize change is vital for a
company to thrive and sustain for the future. Positive change is impacted through a variety of
means, but one important vehicle for change is education.
We are the Source. We Have Been Down

Noria is the global authority in machinery This Road Before.
lubrication and oil analysis. Each year, we train
Noria’s team of experts combines a wide
thousands of professionals worldwide – and in
variety of industry experience in reliability,
more than 10 different languages – on innovative
engineering and lubrication excellence to
plant reliability measures through excellence in
provide world-class training and expertise.
machine lubrication. Our training encompasses
all types of mechanized industries. Whether you need industry education,
technical consulting, failure investigation or
program/analysis development, our experts
We Share Your Passion. can help you.
Noria continues to pursue a mission of inspiring
Along with extensive experience, Noria’s
change through education by providing
customers with the tools, resources and team relies on a large network of industry
expertise to achieve the tremendous, untapped leaders to stay current with
potential that lubrication excellence has to offer. industry technologies, trends
and client needs. Our team
works hard to bring the best
services and highest level of
expertise to each client.
2
TABLE OF
We Work Together with You.
CONTENTS
Time is money, and your time is valuable. To
accommodate our customers, Noria offers a
variety of training options that includes online Using Education as a Catalyst for Change 4
and private training. We can also customize
course curriculum and training to achieve your Your Learning Path 6
desired results.
Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals 8
We Implement Change
that Endures. Machinery Lubrication I 10
The difference is in the details. Noria’s courses
are designed to align with the needs of adult Machinery Lubrication II 12
learners, as determined by expert staff that
includes an adult-learning specialist, an
instructional designer and multiple graphic Oil Analysis II 14
artists and video/multimedia developers.
Training sessions are goal-oriented, relevant Oil Analysis III 16
and practical. Interactive opportunities are
incorporated when possible to maximize
knowledge retention and understanding. Noria Services 18
Online Learning 20
We Want You to Succeed.
All course material – from beginner to Onsite Training 21
advanced – is task-based and immediately
applicable in the workplace. Students receive
preventive maintenance tips and learn why Reliability Skills Series 22
every strategy is important. Knowledge is
powerful and when our workforce becomes Registration Page 23
empowered with excellent lubrication
methods, the results are a safer, more efficient
and more reliable industry.
We Guarantee Satisfaction.
Noria proudly stands behind our training
courses. If you’re not satisfied with the
information and insights you gain at these
events, we will refund 100% of your paid
registration fee.
For dates, complete course description or to enroll, visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 3
Using Education as a
Catalyst for Change
Transforming the Industry through Training
-Natalie Blythe Noria Corporation
The only
“
“The only thing that is constant is change,” said Heraclitus
of Ephesus.
This statement has never been truer than today.
According to a recent study by the Manufacturing Insti-
tute, more than 75% of manufacturers experienced a thing that is
constant is
moderate or serious shortage of qualified applicants for
skilled and highly skilled production positions. The study also
found that this skills shortage costs manufacturers up to 11%
of net earnings. To combat this, the Manufacturing Institute
reported that manufacturers invest approximately $1,000 in
training per employee each year (“Out of Inventory” 2-10).
change
But what drove this change in education?
“The change came from requests by companies with a reli- looking for knowledgeable employees or competent employees,”
ability focus and industry professionals who needed to get their says Chris Christenson, director of education at Noria.
teams to correctly apply lubrication in the facility. At the corpo- “The focus for each organization varies with the different
rate level, organizations need training to impact the business, roles within the facility, but it can be hard to pinpoint because
but the question comes down to whether an organization is the requirements are driven by each organization,” he says.
44
“
“Some companies do want technicians facets. First, the trainings are designed
to have certification as a prerequisite
for a job. At this level, there’s already
for utilizing the student’s experience to
unlock new knowledge. Then, the train-
Through
been a pre-awareness for the knowl-
edge, and that education is the impetus
ings help the students internalize the new
concepts by relating it to their individual
knowledge,
for change.”
Christenson has a lengthy history as
experiences. Lastly, students gain confir-
mation of the training’s importance
we want to
an educator and instructional course
designer. Prior to joining Noria, he was
through in-class discussions.
“It’s important to have a time where
spark that
the senior learning manager at the
University of Phoenix, leading training
participants reflect, talk about their
experiences and have the instructor
need for
facilitation, deployment of operational
programs and diagnosis and coaching of
record those experiences on a board.
That way, every time someone references
change and
staff and leadership for three territories.
Before that, he served as the campus
his/her experience, the class can go back
to that issue and discuss it,” Christenson with our
college chair for the University of Phoenix
and computer graphics chair for the
says. “It’s a slight position change from
telling someone what is good to showing hands-on
Career Education Corporation.
Having been at Noria for five years,
them what is good, and being able to
show change is powerful.” courses, we
Christenson has thrown himself into
revamping the training program. “For the
Noria’s model supports evidence
from a recent study that showed how want to
first two years, my time was spent getting
our content into a logical flow and
adult learners need to make the connec-
tion from the curriculum and program show you
working with our instructors on stan-
dardizing their approach,” he says.
content to workplace performance and
career development to promote contin- how to make
that change.
Prior to Christenson’s arrival, Noria’s uous learning behaviors (Yoo and
training courses needed the addition of Huang, 2013).
interactive experiences which lead to “By using the adult learning approach,
applied learning. This approach greatly we can break down the mindset of ‘We
increases comprehension and retention. do it this way because this is the way veterans transition into the next phase
With this focus on the student’s experi- we’ve always done it’ and show how of their career, and possibly retirement,”
ence, Noria’s courses are aligned with the education is catalyst for change,” Chris- Christenson says. In response, he
needs of adult learners – a concept which tenson says.
believes companies are starting to realize
is gaining momentum within the ever- With its continual focus on evolving
the need to change their reliability
evolving workplace. and improving their courses, Noria is also
approach from reactive to proactive.
With adult learners, their learning prepared to aid facilities experiencing
“When bringing in a new workforce, you
styles are different than traditional generational changes in its workforce,
students, and the training approach and particularly since the maintenance and want to ensure they are learning good,
delivery needs to reflect that. Adult reliability industry is on the cusp of its structured processes rather than what
learners, defined as a person who is older own “Great Crew Change,” a term passed through the grapevine.”
than 25 and involved in forms of learning, recently used during the 2016 downturn Christenson’s ultimate goal is for
are typically employed full-time, looking in the oil and gas industry that referred Noria to be the world-renowned source
to enhance their professional lives to the large workforce generation gap for applied knowledge. “Through knowl-
through education and use their personal and subsequent talent shortage. edge, we want to spark that need for
experience as a resource (Pappas). “In five to 10 years, a lot of institu- change and with our hands-on courses,
Keeping adult learners in mind, Noria tional knowledge – from veteran we want to show you how to make
divided its training model into three employees – will be leaving as these that change.”
5
FIND YOUR PERFECT FIT
Something For Everyone
Noria’s course plan is versatile. From beginners to experienced technicians and engineers, we can
help you no matter what stage you are currently. Follow the entire course track, progressing from
beginner to the expert level, or pick and choose according to your specific needs and interests.
The course progression shown is recommended but not

required. To determine the best course for you, contact
us at 918-392-5063 or email [email protected].
6 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Basic To Most Advanced
Noria’s courses are built from the same foundational concepts, layering more detailed explorations
or specialized topics in higher level coursework. The chart below gives a glimpse into which topics
are emphasized in each course as well as how technically detailed the information is. Topic areas
are classified from the most basic (♦) to the most advanced (♦ ♦ ♦ ♦).
Industrial Machinery Machinery

Topic Area Lubrication
Fundamentals Lubrication I Lubrication II
Oil Analysis II Oil Analysis III
Maintenance Strategies ♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Lubrication Concepts ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦
Fundamentals of
♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦
Machine Wear
Lubricant Selection ♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦
Reception and Storage ♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ N/A N/A
Handling and Application ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦ ♦
Contamination Control ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦
Lubricant Analysis ♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Wear Debris Analysis N/A N/A N/A ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Oil Analysis Program N/A N/A N/A ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦
Environmental Disposal ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ N/A N/A
MLT I and
Certification Preparation N/A MLT II MLA II MLA III
MLA I
Private Public, Private Public, Private Public, Private Public, Private
Availability
Classroom Classroom & Online Classroom Classroom Classroom
Topic Area Scale From 1-4 ♦
For dates, complete course description

description, or
or to
to enroll,
enroll visit Noria.com/train or call 1-800-597-5460 7
Bridging The Gap Training Options
INDUSTRIAL
• ONSITE
LUBRICATION FUNDAMENTALS
Course Topics
Lay the Groundwork for Future
Contributions • Receiving and Inspecting
Every job has a specialized skillset rooted in its New Lubricants
foundation. Industrial Lubrication Fundamentals
• Maintaining Lubricant
is the starting point for individuals with all levels
of mechanical or maintenance experience. This Containers, Machines and
essential course provides strong techniques Lubricant Storage Areas
and perspective for those with some lubrication • Maintaining Lube
knowledge, while presenting sound practical
Room Inventory
material and instructions for those starting their
journey in the field. • Removing Contaminants from
Based on extensive collaboration between Noria and New Oils with Filter Carts or
plant reliability professionals, the skillset for basic Installed Systems
lubrication excellence provides students with the most • Protecting Lubricant Integrity
useful, up-to-date information. This course presents
through Contamination Control
materials in a task-based context, so students receive
a well-rounded experience by engaging in interactive • Transporting and
exercises, discussing case studies and gaining Applying Lubricants
confidence through hands-on examples.
• Conducting Field Inspections
on Machines
Who Should Attend?
As an entry-level course, Industrial Lubrication • Excluding and Removing
Fundamentals is designed for individuals with little Contaminants from Lubricated
to no technical background, who are responsible for Machines
lubrication tasks. Attendee job titles may include
• Sampling Lubricants
lubrication technicians, maintenance technicians,
millwrights, mechanics, oilers, machine operators, • Importance of Safety, Leak and
multicraft technicians, etc. Spill Response, and Disposal of
Hazardous Materials
• Modifying Machinery for
Contamination Control, Safety
and Reliability Improvement
Want to learn more about
this course? Download • Understanding the Communication
our brochure or visit and Administrative Tasks
Noria.com/train. Necessary for Your Role
8 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Take This Course If You Are Responsible For:
• Electric Motors • Gas/Steam Turbines • Paper Machines
• Compressors • Gearboxes • Process Pumps
• Diesel Engines • Hydraulic Systems • Rolling Mills
• Final Drives • Hydrostatic Transmissions • Blowers/Fans
Training That Benefits Topics Include:

Your Entire Facility • Conducting inspections
Training is an ongoing process; not just a one-time
event. We realize the need for constant training • Oil changes
and made this course easy to take back with you. • Electric motor bearing regreasing
Upon taking this course, you will receive 90-day
access to Noria’s video-based procedures used • Installation of external oil level indicators,
in the course. Each video procedure comes with valves, quick connectors and more
a printable job aid to ensure you can take the • Oil sampling
training with you as you head out to the plant floor.
With access to our world-class procedures, you • Using top-up containers
can refresh and review the content learned in the
course anytime and anywhere. • Oil filtration using a dedicated filter cart
Noria produced instantly usable knowledge,

which will definitely result in changes in the way
we handle lubricants and lubrication systems.
– Joe Kelly, Maintenance Engineer, Akzo Nobel
Technical Knowledge Starts with a Solid Foundation
Training Options
MACHINERY • Public
LUBRICATION I
• Online
• Onsite
Course Topics
Learn the Crucial Elements of
Maintenance, Lubricant Selection • How Lubrication Affects
and Filtration Machine Reliability
Early on, Noria's experts and instructional designers • Lubrication Fundamentals
recognized an industry-wide need to establish
• Additives, Base Oils and
an effective blueprint for a best-practice-based
lubrication program. Machinery Lubrication I (ML I) Grease Thickeners
provides the essentials of proper lubricant application • Lubricant Performance Properties
while instilling proven industry methods for selecting,
storing, filtering and testing lubricants for improved • Additive Functions
machine reliability. Through ML I, you will move beyond • Food-grade and Environmentally
the dated methods of vague, non-specific lubrication friendly Lubricants
procedures to understand what to do and why there is
a right way to do it. • Grease and Oil Lubrication
By completing the course, you will leave ML I with a Methods
solid understanding of the crucial relationship between • Lubricants and Fluids for Journal/
lubricant health and machine reliability, as well as Rolling-Element Bearings, Gears,
understand how doing simple tasks or inspections Automotive, Compressors, Steam/
right will significantly extend machine life and cut
Gas Turbines, Hydraulics
costs. You will also gain better understanding of oil
analysis, allowing you to align your efforts with those • Contamination Control
of maintenance professionals or oil analysis experts.
• Oil Drains, Flushing and Reservoir
Management
• Storing/Handling Lubricants
Get Certified
Machinery Lubrication I prepares
students for ICML Level I MLT
certification. Certification testing
is available the Friday following
the training. Register for your
Want to learn more exam at LubeCouncil.org.
about this course?
Download our brochure
or visit Noria.com/train.
10 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Through our Machinery Lubrication training,
IKEC initiated a lubrication program that saves
them $2 million each year in annual losses.
noria.com/serv/customers

• Lubrication procurement • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Equipment maintenance • Identifying cost-saving methods
• Ensuring equipment readiness and uptime • Operations planning
• Efficiency initiatives/design • Equipment reliability
Don't Forget Your Study Packet

Designed for both ICML Level I MLT and Level I MLA certification,
the Level I MLT/MLA Study Packet includes:
Flash Card Pack - 385 flash cards designed in preparation for
ICML Level I MLT certification.
125-Question Practice Exam - A great assessment tool, this
multiple-choice practice test is preparation for ICML Level I
MLT certification. It is licensed for use by one person.
How to Take a Multiple-Choice Exam - This book let contains
advice from professionals who have passed ICML certification
exams as well as helpful hints to prepare the night before the exam, steps to take before
entering the exam room; techniques for time management during the exam, and advice for
handling diverse types of questions.
Machinery Lubrication Reference Guide - Packed with useful checklists, look-up tables,
charts and illustrations, this reference guide is designed to make information easily
accessible where you need it. Also doubles as a handy, on-the-job reference tool!
Oil Analysis Basics - With 90+ illustrations, figures and look-up tables, this book presents
the fundamentals of oil analysis for machinery condition monitoring in an easy-to-
understand format. The book covers everything from how to take a proper oil sample to
how to select a test slate for your applications.
The Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication - Noria’s all-time bestseller, this book
contains useful, actionable information that is ready for immediate use. The book contains
understandable explanations of how lubricants work, what they’re made of and how they break
down. Covering topics ranging from engine lubricants to industrial oils and hydraulic fluids, The
Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication is page-turner that will stay on the shelf.
Add the Study Packet to your course registration, or visit us at store.noria.com.
Advanced Training in Lubrication Excellence
Training Options
MACHINERY • Public
LUBRICATION II
• Online
• Onsite
Course Topics
Take Charge of Your
Lubrication Program • Lubrication Preventive
Maintenance Optimization
Machinery Lubrication II (ML II) covers advanced
and Design
lubrication topics like lubricant selection,
troubleshooting, predictive maintenance and more. • Troubleshooting Lubrication
Designed for maintenance professionals with a Problems
solid understanding of the benefits and potential
in excellent lubrication practices, this course builds • Lubrication and Oil
upon their knowledge and provides an in-depth Analysis Metrics
look into the world of lubrication. • Oil Drains, Flushing and
Built as a continuation of ML I, the ML II course Reservoir Management
prompts you to analyze machines for wear
symptoms and select lubricants and additives to • Accessorizing New Equipment
counteract or prevent damage. for Lubrication Excellence
Through ML II, you will be able to distinguish the • Lubricating Grease and Oil
appropriate lubricants and additives for every Application
application in your facility, guide staff in conducting
basic maintenance and analyze machine/fluid
• Advanced Lubrication Techniques
indicators for potential problems. These tools will • Base Oils
enable you to make comprehensive improvements
in the workplace, resulting in key savings of time, • Viscosity and Viscosity Index
money, storage space and training resources. • Oxidation and
Thermal Stability
• Air Release and Foam Control
• Lubricant Degradation
• Lubricant Selection
and Consolidation
Get Certified
Want to learn more
about this course? Machinery Lubrication II prepares
Download our brochure students for ICML Level II MLT
or visit Noria.com/train. certification. Certification testing
the training. Register for your
exam at LubeCouncil.org.
12 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
• Lubrication procurement • Troubleshooting equipment
• Equipment maintenance design/process/material
• Systems operation/management • Equipment reliability
• Checking meters/recording instruments • Production management
• Mechanical inspections • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Controlling lubricant contamination • Identifying cost-saving methods
Get Certified
Certification testing is the Friday following your training and conducted by
the International Council for Machinery Lubrication.
Which Certifications?
Completion of Machinery Lubrication I and Machinery Lubrication II will
prepare you for Level I Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) and Level II
Machine Lubrication Technician (MLT) ICML certification exams.
For more information What Is ICML?

or to register for a The International Council for Machinery Lubrication (ICML) is a vendor-neutral,
certification exam, visit not-for-profit organization founded to facilitate the growth and development
LubeCouncil.org. of machine lubrication as a technical field of endeavor. In addition to other
activities, ICML offers skill certification testing for individuals in the fields of
machine condition monitoring, lubrication and oil analysis.
...the information I learned can

improve our hydraulic systems by 40%.
-Vernon Player, PDM Tech, International Paper
Developing Verified Data
Training Options
OIL ANALYSIS II • Public

• Onsite
Course Topics
Uncover the Finer Aspects of
• Lubricant Health Monitoring
Contamination Control and
Comprehensive Oil Analysis • Oil Analysis Fundamentals
Oil Analysis II (OA II) approaches lubrication • Oil Sampling – The Very
excellence through the critical information to be Best Practices
gleaned from oil analysis. By starting this course, you
• Fluid Properties Analysis
will understand the basic analysis procedures from
ML I, and learn how to combine and apply these for • Contamination Control and
more advanced strategies in conducting impactful Proactive Maintenance
predictive maintenance.
• Fault Detection and Wear
In OA II, you will gain everything needed to properly
Particle Analysis
sample, monitor health and detect additive, thermal
and particle factors that degrade lubricants via on- • Instrument-free Onsite Tests
site tests and lab analysis. Taking knowledge from an
• Interactive Case Studies
oil analysis lab report, you will develop a proactive
line of defense against failures, factoring lab findings
Workshop
into your own onsite analyses for more precise, timely • Test Results and Oil Analysis
maintenance. Report Interpretation
By reviewing case studies, reading and interpreting oil
analysis reports and participating in group problem-
solving exercises, you will delve into the best practices
of oil sampling, learn the fundamentals for conducting Practice In Class
effective fluid analysis and become adept in analyzing
lubrication systems for optimal efficiency and savings, Oil Analysis II includes practice
ensuring that machine/fluid health, lubrication oil analysis reports and individual
procedures and objectives reflect the ideal for the and group participation in
plant, its personnel and the bottom line. problem-solving exercises.
Get Certified
Oil Analysis II prepares students
for ICML Level II MLA certification.
Certification testing is available
Want to learn more
the Friday following the training.
about this course?
Register for your exam at
LubeCouncil.org.
14 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
This is an outstanding course in understanding
the desired state and use of oil and how to
determine the best practices. I wish I would
have taken it a year and a half ago.
– Derik Williams, Engineer, US Army CERDEC

• Resource management • Efficiency initiatives/design
• Equipment maintenance • Quality-control implementation
• Systems operation/management • Operations planning
• Lubricant health and cleanliness targets • Sensor selections/installation
• Mechanical inspections • Lubrication program effectiveness
• Diagnostics and equipment troubleshooting • Choosing test slates
Don't Forget Your Study Packet

The Level II MLA Certification Study Packet is
designed to prepare students for ICML Level
II MLA certification. The packet includes:
Level II MLA Flash Cards - 440+ flash
cards designed in preparation for the ICML
Level II MLA certification exam.
Oil Analysis Basics - With 90+ illustrations,
figures and look-up tables, this book
presents the fundamentals of oil analysis
for machinery condition monitoring in
an easy-to-understand format. The book
covers everything from how to take a
proper oil sample to how to select a test
slate for your applications.
Wear Debris Analysis - With 70+
illustrations, figures and tables, this book
offers a practical look at wear debris and
wear particle analysis in many forms.
Machinery Oil Analysis - This unique,
in-depth analysis presents the entire practice of oil analysis as a condition monitoring tool for
machines. The book also describes the what, when, where and how-to for machinery lubrication
concepts, machinery failure and maintenance concepts, machinery failure modes, oil sampling and
testing, plus statistical analysis and data interpretation.
Add the Study Packet to your course registration, or visit us at store.noria.com.
Master Advanced Analysis
Training Options
OIL ANALYSIS III • Public

• Onsite
Course Topics
Take the Next Steps in Transforming
Your Oil Analysis • Understanding and Analyzing
Designed as a more in-depth look into this Machine Wear
specialized field, Oil Analysis III (OA III) gives you • Integrating Oil Analysis with
the tools and education to develop, implement Vibration Analysis
and sustain a first-rate, comprehensive oil analysis
program. Merging the machine lubrication and • Fluid Properties Analysis
oil analysis focuses of course prerequisites, OA III • Additive Depletion
trains you to diagnose problems like contamination,
corrosion and additive depletion – even with limited • Contamination Analysis
test results or difficult machines. • Grease Analysis
Through this course, you will compare detection
• Onsite Oil Analysis Options
and cost benefits/drawbacks for any type of lab
test to select the most precise option for your • Designing an Oil Analysis
needs. You will be able to gather extensive data on Program
a lubrication program, make informed decisions
and maintain the program as a major company • Cost/Benefit Analysis
asset. You will also gain strategies for applying
your data and analysis to build strong proposals for
improvement projects and calculate accurate return
on investment predictions. Practice In Class
By completing OA III, you will attain the highest
level of expertise and join the elite ranks of others Oil Analysis III includes practice
who create or assess new oil analysis programs oil analysis reports and individual
within any industrial workplace. and group participation in
problem-solving exercises.
Get Certified
Oil Analysis III prepares
students for ICML Level III MLA
certification. Certification testing
Want to learn more the training. Register for your
about this course? exam at LubeCouncil.org.
16 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
I was amazed of the information that’s
out there, and the techniques or tests
that can be taken for oil analyses.
-Reuben Clowdis, Lubrication Tech Huber Engineered Woods, LLC

• Systems operation/management • Troubleshooting equipment
• Operations design/process/material
• Equipment maintenance • Efficient utilization design
• Testing samples and interpreting results • Procedure/quality-control implementation
• Mechanical inspections • Cost/benefit analysis
• Diagnostics • Quality-control analysis
Suggested Reading
Machinery Oil Analysis Methods, Automation & Benefits - This
book uniquely presents the entire practice of oil analysis as a
condition monitoring tool for machines.
Wear Particle Atlas - A guide to wear particle analysis, this guide
contains photographs of typical wear particles found in used
lubricating oil, illustrative case histories and operational procedures
for wear debris analysis.
You can purchase these books online at Store.Noria.com.
Avoid Costly Mistakes And Reap The Benefits Of Good Oil Sampling
A small misstep when installing sampling production. The company discovered that
ports, performing oil sampling or choosing the tests being conducted could only
lubricants can translate into expensive identify degraded or wrong lubricants – not
problems. For most facilities, these mistakes impending failure.
are only apparent after problems arise or Successful oil sampling requires know-how.
through expert analysis. For example, a large Improper sampling port placement, running
steel mill installed 1,200 new sampling ports the wrong tests, poorly collected samples
and, after gathering strange data on multiple and more can compromise accuracy or even
occasions, learned they had been eliminate valuable information. Noria can
placed in the wrong locations. lend you the expertise to avoid these costly
Another Noria customer had been conducting mistakes so you can reap the full benefits of
oil analysis for years but was still unable good oil sampling.
to detect bearing failures that shut down

description, or
or to
to enroll,
Services & Solutions
Lubrication Program Development
Noria’s Lubrication Development Program (LPD) is a comprehensive lubrication overhaul of your
facility. Starting with a 540-point assessment of your existing lubrication practices and materials,
we use our findings to detail your “roadmap” to lubrication excellence. After developing a custom
lubrication program, Noria experts then deliver detailed instructions for maintenance routes, hardware
modifications, lubricant types and procedures. We also make recommendations for redesigning your
lubricant storage area to preserve lubricant quality and maximize space.
Prevent Mechanical Failure,

Train Personnel And
Maximize Efficiency
In One Program.
WORKFORCE
SOLUTIONS
For facilities needing to tap into Noria’s network of skilled lubrication
and oil analysis professionals, Workforce Solutions is the lubrication
labor outsourcing division of Noria Corporation. We place skilled
personnel at your facilities on a full-time or short-term basis to
manage your lubrication program and/or execute aspects of
machinery lubrication and oil analysis for more details visit:
Noria.com/serve/workforce-solutions
18 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
Education & Training
To achieve plant-wide lubrication
excellence, Noria can train all
personnel – from those with no
technical background to those with
specialized roles. Noria offers five
nationally recognized courses on machinery
lubrication and oil analysis, with four of these
containing certification preparation for more
details visit:
Noria.com/train
Technical Consulting
Lubrication-enabled reliability is Noria’s core mission; we
supply answers and advice for any reliability issue about
lubrication. Over the years, Noria technical consultants
have provided expert witnessing and forensic
investigations, laboratory studies, benchmarking and
specialized troubleshooting on a variety of machine
parts and systems.
For More Information,

Call 800-597-5460
Failure Investigation
Machine and lubricant failures-those are words no one
likes, but there is a solution. Noria’s network of expert
investigators covers a multitude of industries and
applications. Our technical consulting team has decades
of experience in root cause analysis, tribological
studies, lubricant analysis, debris/wear particle
identification, metallography and more. Our
failure investigators will provide the answers and
solutions to quickly and efficiently identify the
cause to ensure a complete and permanent fix.
Master Advanced Analysis
Available Courses
ONLINE LEARNING • Machinery Lubrication I
• Machinery Lubrication II
We realize schedules get hectic. That’s why Noria

Key Features
offers two of its most popular courses, Machinery
Lubrication I and Machinery Lubrication II, online. • 125-question pre-and post-
With our online learning, you receive: assessments
• Flexible Certification Preparation: Gain the right • Knowledge checks for each
understanding and steps for excellent condition-based section to evaluate your
maintenance, prepare for a certification test and do it understanding. Know what
all on your own time – whenever it is best for you. to work on before moving
• Onboarding: Use this training for onboarding new forward.
employees or to get your team up to speed quickly,
efficiently and in alignment with your company culture, • Step-by-step interactive
skills requirements and performance expectations.
demonstrations of common
lubricant analysis tests
• Self-paced: Log in anywhere, anytime on your
customized schedule for one year. Play, pause, rewind • Meets the training
and replay as often as needed. Learn while maintaining requirements for the ICML MLA
plant and operational schedules. ADA-compliant closed and MLT Level I certifications
captioning is available. • SCORM compliant, tablet ready
• Pre-/Post-assessment Quizzes: Track your • Includes closed captioning
knowledge and understanding through each section
with quizzes designed to show your progress and
areas that may require further attention..
For more information, visit Noria.com/train

or call 918-392-5063
Why Train Online?
Affordable: Reduce training
costs and improve productivity.
Flexible: Anytime, anywhere.
Online training enables your
team to learn at their own pace.
Easy To Use: Noria’s simple
click-and-watch training method
is easy for anyone to use.
Course Manual: Downloadable
PDF manual for future reference.
20 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
ENTERPRISE ONLINE LEARNING
Private Onsite Training
Bring online machinery lubrication and reliable skills training to your entire company through Enterprise Online
Learning. Our team works closely with you to create a learning plan that meets your short- and long-term goals.
Noria can host training content on your learning management system (LMS) or provide a private, easy-to-
use learning portal for your team. Noria’s online learning solutions provide the following features:
• Monitor learning progress • Prepare for industry certification

• Train on your team’s schedule • Reduce travel expenses
• Integrate machinery lubrication reliability to • Onboard new employees faster
your training portfolio • Improve efficiencies and reduce costly errors
• Verify skills • Train your entire workforce
All modules are compliant with all training industry standards, and we can successfully implement the following
reporting formats: AICC, SCORM 1.2 and xAPI (Tin Can). If you don’t have an LMS, ask us about a no-hassle,
branded solution for your organization.
Available Courses
BRING NORIA • Industrial Lubrication
Fundamentals
TRAINING TO YOU • Machinery Lubrication I & II

• Oil Analysis II & III
Private Onsite Training

Looking for a personalized training plan for your facility? Noria offers onsite training to meet
your company’s schedules, goals and budget needs. Additionally, Noria can customize any of
its courses based on your specific needs.
By providing onsite training, Noria helps employers avoid travel time/costs. This option also
allows for personalized training with examples from onsite equipment. Many of our customers
have utilized this option to rotate groups of employees through consecutive one-day trainings
and to bring personnel from multiple plants to one onsite training.
Whether you have 15 people or 500, Noria is committed to providing options that will have the
smallest impact on your production.
For more information, visit Noria.com/train or call 918-392-5063.

description, or
or to
to enroll,
RELIABILITY SKILLS SERIES
Reliability Skills Series Online
Need fundamental and best-practice training for everyone in
your facility? Noria’s Reliability Skills Series provides online
lessons to help your facility rise to the top.
How to Use a Grease Gun delves into best practices for using
a grease gun. Although it’s one of the most widely used tools
for machinery lubrication, few are properly trained to use it.
When used or loaded improperly, the grease gun becomes a
safety risk to both the lubrication technician and machine.
How to Grease a Motor Bearing gives plant personnel an overview of the
best practices for lubricating electric motor bearings. Use this evergreen
course to train operators, lubrication technicians, mechanics, electricians
and maintenance personnel for years to come.
Introduction to Lubrication Fundamentals presents a solid foundation of
the basics of industrial lubricants and tribology, including oil and grease
properties, additives, synthetics, mineral oils, lubricant oxidation and
other important topics.
Best Practices for Oil Sampling shows you how to design and implement a
world-class oil sampling program that will deliver better results and help you
focus on improving equipment reliability.
Best Practices for Lubricant Storage and
Handling provides procedures to apply
right away. From delivery to dispensing to
filling the machine, you will learn the best
practices for new oil storage and handling.
Lubrication Basics for Machinery
Operators Offers basic lubrication
training, including how to recognize
the early signs of lubrication-related
problems, grease gun basics and
safety, checking oil levels, cleaning and
inspecting machinery, oil leak inspections
and more.
Add this online series to your course

registration or visit store.noria.com.
22 800.597.5460 | Noria.com
REGISTRATION
HOW TO REGISTER
ONLINE FAX (3-4 days processing) PHONE MAIL (3-4 weeks processing)
FORM
Noria.com/training 918-746-0925 800-597-5460 Noria Training
or 1328 E. 43rd Court
918-749-1400 Tulsa, OK 74105
PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY
Last Name First Name Middle Initial
Job Title Organization/Business Name
Mailing Address
City State/Province Postal Code/ZIP Country
Phone Fax
Email (required)
Note: The mailing address is where all mailed correspondence about this registration will be sent. The email address is how Noria communicates important program details to you.
PLEASE REGISTER ME FOR THE FOLLOWING COURSE(S): COURSE DATE LOCATION

q Machinery Lubrication I $1,295
q Optional: Study Packet - Level I MLT / Level I MLA
Price includes shipping to a U.S. address
$295
q Machinery Lubrication II $1,295
q Oil Analysis II $1,295
q Optional: Study Packet – Level II MLA $310

Price includes shipping to a U.S. address
q Oil Analysis III $1,295
Note: Payment is due before the course. Total Amount Due $___________________
q Check is enclosed. (Allow 3-4 weeks for processing.) Please make checks CANCELLATIONS AND SUBSTITUTIONS If you cannot attend the
payable to Noria Corporation in U.S. dollars drawn on a U.S. bank. course, a colleague can attend in your place. Registrations canceled
q I authorize Noria Corporation to charge $__________________ to my: at any time prior to 10 days before the course are not subject to
fees. Cancellations after 10 days are subject to a $75 service charge.
q VISA q MasterCard q AMEX q Discover Or, your registration fee can be transferred to another program of
your choice to be taken within 12 months. For more information, visit
Noria.com/train/registration.
Card Number Expiration Date
CERTIFICATION EXAMS Certification testing is offered by the
International Council for Machinery Lubrication the morning following
Signature
a training course at the same hotel. Please contact ICML to register
for the certification exam or register online at LubeCouncil.org.
Print name as it appears on credit card bill
SATISFACTION GUARANTEE Noria proudly stands behind our
training courses. If you’re not satisfied with the information and
q Our purchase order is attached. P.O. Number insights you gain at these events, we’ll refund 100% of your paid
registration fee.
Register online at Noria.com/training or call 800-597-5460

1328 East 43rd Court
Tulsa, OK 74105
Noria.com
TRAINING THAT WORKS

Find the training that works for you. Noria’s machinery lubrication and oil analysis training courses offer something for all
levels of expertise, from beginners to experienced technicians and engineers. Enroll today to learn precision lubrication skills
for maximizing machine reliability. For dates and locations, check out Noria.com/train.
ONLINE • ONSITE • PUBLIC COURSES | 800-597-5460 | Noria.com/train

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November - December 2017

This issue sponsored by:

Simply put, we give our customers the confidence

Learn More At Noria.com

AS I SEE IT 2 COVER STORY

TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION 50

2017 LUBE ROOM CHALLENGE

EDITORIAL FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 42 Test Your Knowledge

AS I SEE IT Oil Changes

Managing the Perils of

The term “short-volume oil change”

2 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

60% Oil Volume

MACHINERY LUBRICATION Volume 17 - Issue 6 November-December

SUBSCRIBER SERVICES: The publisher reserves the right to accept or

Copyright © 2017 Noria Corporation. Noria, Machinery Lubrication and

CONTENT NOTICE: The recommendations and information provided in

4 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Double Oil Change

SVOC Followed by a Line Purge

www.machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 5

With over 100 years of experience in

A Legacy of Quality, a History of Performance

“We may not be the biggest...

Tulsa, OK - 918-584-2671 Made In USA Schertz, TX - 210-651-7322

6 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

To commemorate its 100th issue,

machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 7

11. Requirements for a

12. Collaborate for

13. Don’t Waste

18. Ensure Fluid Cleanliness 22. Beware of Overheated

8 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Selecting the proper lubricant is important

28. Keep It Simple

10 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

36. Use Your Senses

37. Make Better Use

12 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

can spend less on lubrication. There is no 58. Make Lubricant

www.machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 13

A lubrication program needs constant 73. Contamination Control

68. Not Just Any Lubricant

69. Know the Factors

14 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

77. Monitor Wear Debris

78. Don’t Neglect

www.machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 15

one specified in the machine’s The next time a heat problem

16 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Attend. Learn. Apply.

WHAT IS RELIABLE PLANT? NEW FOR 2018

Room Challenge by submitting exceptional lube rooms that incorporate best-​practice

18 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri Before

20 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

away from the dust and heat of the plant.

www.machinerylubrication.com | November - December 2017 | 21

22 | November - December 2017 | www.machinerylubrication.com

Room Challenge by submitting exceptional lube rooms that incorporate best-practice