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    Case Study Parkinson's Intro

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    Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain and is characterized by tremors at rest, rigidity, and slow movement. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms can be managed through medication and treatment. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and primarily affects those over 60 years of age, with rates increasing significantly in those over 70.

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    Case Study Parkinson's Intro

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    enil_uap
    546 views3 pages
    Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain and is characterized by tremors at rest, rigidity, and slow movement. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms can be managed through medication and treatment. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and primarily affects those over 60 years of age, with rates increasing significantly in those over 70.

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    Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain and is characterized by tremors at rest, rigidity, and slow movement. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms can be managed through medication and treatment. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and primarily affects those over 60 years of age, with rates increasing significantly in those over 70.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    546 views3 pages

    Case Study Parkinson's Intro

    Uploaded by

    enil_uap
    Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain and is characterized by tremors at rest, rigidity, and slow movement. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms can be managed through medication and treatment. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and primarily affects those over 60 years of age, with rates increasing significantly in those over 70.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    August 20, 2010

    Parkinson's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects


    movement, muscle control, and balance as well as numerous other functions.
    It is part of a group of conditions known as motor systems disorders.
    Parkinson's disease was named for James Parkinson, a general practitioner in
    London during the 19th century who first described the symptoms of the
    disease. Symptoms describing Parkinson's disease are mentioned in the
    writings of medicine in India dating back to 5,000 BCE as well as in Chinese
    writings dating back approximately 2500 years. Parkinson's disease is the
    most common movement disorder and the second most common
    neurodegenerative disorder, the most common being Alzheimer's disease.

    What is Parkinson's Disease?

    Parkinson's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects


    movement, muscle control, and balance as well as numerous other functions.
    It is part of a group of conditions known as motor systems disorders.
    Parkinson's disease was named for James Parkinson, a general practitioner in
    London during the 19th century who first described the symptoms of the
    disease. Symptoms describing Parkinson's disease are mentioned in the
    writings of medicine in India dating back to 5,000 BCE as well as in Chinese
    writings dating back approximately 2500 years. Parkinson's disease is the
    most common movement disorder and the second most common
    neurodegenerative disorder, the most common being Alzheimer's disease.

    The hallmark symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are asymmetric tremors


    at rest, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness in movement). There is currently
    no cure for Parkinson's disease; it is always chronic and progressive, meaning
    that the symptoms always exist and always worsen over time. The rate of
    progression varies from person to person, as does the intensity of the
    symptoms. Parkinson's disease itself is not a fatal disease and many people
    live into their older years. Mortality of Parkinson's disease patients is usually
    related to secondary complications, such as pneumonia or falling-related
    injuries.

    There are three types of Parkinson's disease and they are grouped by age of
    onset:
     Adult-Onset Parkinson's Disease - This is the most common type of
    Parkinson's disease. The average age of onset is approximately 60
    years old. The incidence of adult onset PD rises noticeably as people
    advance in age into their 70's and 80's.

     Young-Onset Parkinson's Disease - The age of onset is between 21-40


    years old. Though the incidence of Young-Onset Parkinson's Disease is
    very high in Japan (approximately 40% of cases diagnosed with
    Parkinson's disease), it is still relatively uncommon in the U.S., with
    estimates ranging from 5-10% of cases diagnosed.

     Juvenile Parkinson's Disease - The age of onset is before the age of 21.
    The incidence of Juvenile Parkinson's Disease is very rare.

    According to the American Parkinson's Disease Association, there are


    approximately 1.5 million people in the U.S. who suffer from Parkinson's
    disease - approximately 1-2% of people over the age of 60 and 3-5% of the
    population over age 85. The incidence of PD ranges from 8.6-19 per 100,000
    people. Approximately 50,000 new cases are diagnosed in the U.S. annually.
    That number is expected to rise as the general population in the U.S. ages.
    Onset of Parkinson's disease before the age of 40 is rare. All races and ethnic
    groups are affected.

    PD is the most common cause of chronic progressive parkinsonism, a term which refers to the syndrome
    of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. PD is also called "primary parkinsonism" or
    "idiopathic PD" (classically meaning having no known cause). While many forms of parkinsonism are
    idiopathic, "secondary" cases may result from toxicity most notably of drugs, head trauma, or other
    medical disorders. The disease is named after English apothecary James Parkinson, who made a detailed
    description of the disease in his essay: "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy" (1817).

    PD traditionally has been considered a non-genetic disorder, however around 15% of patients have a
    first-degree relative who also has the disease. [3] At least between 5 and 10% of the patients are now
    known to have monogenic forms of the disease. [7] Other genes act as risk factors for sporadic cases of
    the disease.

    PD progresses with time. If not treated motor symptoms have an aggressive advance at the beginning of
    the disease with an slower advance later on the disease course: untreated patients are expected to lose
    independent ambulation after 8 years and be bedridden after 10 years
    Two main measures are used in epidemiological studies: incidence and prevalence. Incidence is the
    number of new cases per unit of person–time at risk (usually number of new cases per thousand
    person–years); while prevalence is the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given
    time. PD is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. [34] The prevalence is
    estimated at being 0.3 in the whole population in industrialized countries, rising to 1% in those over 60
    years of age and to 4% of the population over 80. [34] Mean age of onset is around 60 years, although 5-
    10% of cases are considered of young onset as begin between the age of 20 and 50. [3] Parkinson's
    disease might less prevalent in those of African and Asian ancestry, although results are controversial. [34]
    Some studies have also proposed that PD is more common in men than women while others did not
    found any differences between the two groups. [34] Studies on incidence report that it is between 8 and
    18 per 100.000 person-years.

    The burden of Parkinson disease (PD) in developing nations is expected to double over the next
    generation as the result of increasing life expectancy. 1 People aged 85 years and older are currently the
    fastest growing segment of the US population. 2 Age is the strongest risk factor for PD, with a nearly
    exponential increase in incidence between ages 55 and 79 years. However, the incidence of PD in
    advanced age remains controversial. 3 The majority of prior studies have combined those aged 80 or 85
    years and older together because of low numbers of participants in that age group, obscuring the
    relationship between PD and advanced age. Accurate predictions of the future population burden of PD
    depend on whether its incidence continues to increase, plateaus, or declines in those aged 80 years and
    older.

    Philippines 317,065 WARNING! (Details) 86,241,6972 2004

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