Annual Report 2016

Creating Space for Conflict Transformation

   Running title  Lorem ipsum dolor

3 Preface

4 Editorial

6 Highlights 2016

7 National Dialogues

8 Consultancies and Trainings

10 Programmes
10 Conflict Transformation Research
14 Peace Education and Global Learning
19 Special Assignments
20 Dialogue, Mediation and Peace Support Structures
26 Middle East and North Africa
30 Caucasus
32 Latin America

35 Facts and Figures

35 Financial Report
38 Organisation and Team
40 Grantmaking
41 Publications
44 Networks

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Preface
In the political and academic analyses of the situation in which the world currently
finds itself, many long-dormant concepts are resurfacing: geopolitics, geoeconomics,
even geoculture. These analyses seek to capture a trend that has been emerging in
international politics for some time: the attempt to curb, through territorial hegemony,
the actual or threatened loss of control of the political, economic and cultural space
that has been triggered by globalisation. The resurgence of old patterns of thinking –
which emphasise spheres of influence, albeit under changed conditions – cannot
be overlooked. This is manifested in the potential for a new global political conflict
between the US and China, in some ways a rerun of the deterrence-based nuclear
stand-off of former times; in the emergence of a multipolar world order which has yet
to take on firm contours; in the dangerous spiral of a new East-West conflict in Europe;
and in the threatened disintegration of the EU and perhaps even the international
organisations.

The Syria conflict is a cauldron of multiple power interests, which are clashing with
such intensity that the UN Security Council is paralysed – more so, perhaps, than at
any other time since 1990. It is the ordinary people, the civilians, who continue to
bear the brunt of this conflict.

In our response to extremist and terrorist organisations, who see the entire world
as a political and military battleground, we must develop a diagnostic framework
that takes account of the multitude of political spaces and their interconnectedness
under international law. In view of the global situation and especially the numerous
ethnopolitical conflicts, does a framework for constructive peace policy exist – one,
what’s more, that has been tried and tested in the field?

Yes, such a framework already exists and is available at whichever level we attempt to
curb the impending or existing conflict momentum. Therapeutic conflict intervention
is needed, based on a genuine attempt to comprehend the actors’ motives and the
environment in which conflict takes place. It is needed to revitalise the dialogue
capacities of the conflict parties, whose hostility often extends beyond mere words,
and to set the stage for exchange and negotiation based on sound knowledge. These
are analytical and practical imperatives, requiring a carefully crafted process at every
political level. Rather like a course of therapy with a trusted counsellor, this takes
sensitivity and empathy, coupled with professional skills.

These diagnostic and therapeutic skills, which draw on lessons learned and experience
gained across the world, are the Berghof Foundation’s hallmark and unique selling
point. They are the outcome of a lengthy, often laborious but ultimately innovative
learning process. This process must be tried and tested anew in every emerging
conflict situation and must focus on the diversity of causes and shifting dynamics.
It is an ongoing and particular challenge for dedicated peace researchers, educators
and practitioners. But in today’s world, if we are to prevent a descent into chaos,
mastering this challenge is essential.

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Dieter Senghaas

Honorary Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Berghof Foundation
   Editorial

Editorial

2016 was a year of many changes. Some gave reason for optimism, others were
worrisome, and a number of developments caused deep concerns. “Times of change”
was a phrase that was widely used last year.

2016 offered seeds of hope. With the signing of the peace accord after long and
complex negotiations between the government and the FARC-EP, 50 years of armed
conflict came to an end in Colombia in 2016. This breakthrough showed that it is
worth the effort to create and support a space within which conflict parties jointly
undertake efforts to explore alternatives to war through dialogue and trust-building.
Another sign of hope was sent by the United Nations, which expressed its willingness
to improve global cooperation to prevent violent extremism. The UN member states
have recognised that in curbing violent extremism, the priority must be placed on
addressing its root causes. Finally, the progress in fighting poverty, which UNDP
reported in March 2017, is also an encouraging sign, although it is certainly not yet
sufficient to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, and setbacks are likely in
other areas, such as climate protection.

However, a number of negative developments have overshadowed last year’s

favourable record. A new global arms race has begun, closely connected to a return
of Cold War rhetoric. The geopolitical rivalry between the global powers has visibly
weakened the capacity of international organisations to take resolute action in order
to constrain violence. Armed force, state fragility, poor governance and swelling
migration flows caused by war, poverty and massive violations of human rights have
become commonplace in many countries. At the same time, others seek to preserve
their wealth through interventionist and protectionist policies. Nationalism and
populism are spreading in the Global North, accompanied by stereotyped thinking
in the categories of “us” and “them”, and – even worse – “them or us”.

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A resolute response is needed. Violence cannot be sustainably eliminated through
the use of force. As certain as this lesson from the past may be, it is still rarely
acknowledged among conflict actors that the root causes of violence must be
addressed in a participatory and inclusive way. The Berghof Foundation supports
actors who assume this responsibility and work towards this goal.

Our Annual Report provides information about the projects that we have worked on
together with our partners in 2016. A particular light is shed on our support to
national dialogues, an approach that has raised interest among conflict parties
in countries that are transitioning from an autocratic system to more participatory
governance.

We are proud to have like-minded and trusted partners on our side, who have
supported our efforts in 2016. Our engagement would not have been possible
without their valued input.

Our team members work with passion and perseverance to foster nonviolent conflict
transformation. Their efforts deserve our particular gratitude and appreciation.
We also wish to thank the Zundel family, our Board of Trustees and all our partners
and donors for their support and their trust into our work.

Hans J. Giessmann Sandra Pfahler

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   Highlights

Highlights 2016
Our project on supporting federalism through local dialogue in the Somali regions of Middle Shabelle
and Hiiran ended with a final conference in Mogadishu. The conference participants, who represented
the new government as well as regional and district administrations, discussed the progress that
was achieved in two years of building the new state of Hirshabelle as part of a joint project involving
academic partners, regional government officials and civil society, and supported by the Berghof team.

In October 2016, the Berghof Group celebrated the 50th anniversary of its founding in the city of
Reutlingen. The Berghof Foundation’s Executive Directors Sandra Pfahler and Hans J. Giessmann were
among those who wholeheartedly congratulated the shareholders and employees on this occasion.

The cooperation with the Tbilisi-based Peace Programme Director Véronique Dudouet gave
Development Center and the Georgian Ministry a presentation at an expert seminar jointly
of Sport and Youth Affairs was a highlight for organised by the European External Action Service
our Caucasus programme in 2016. Within this (EEAS) and United Nations (UN) on „Fulfilling
framework, 40 workshops with young Georgians the Responsibility to Protect: The Threat of
were facilitated by insider mediators using the Non-state Armed Groups and Their Increased Role
methodology of the Berghof process on history. in Perpetrating Atrocity Crimes“. This event was
held in Brussels on 22 March 2016, on the day of
a double suicide attack perpetrated by alleged
In 2016, we organised six consultation meetings supporters of the so-called Islamic State (IS).
for eminent Yemenis at track 1.5 level in
collaboration with the Office of the Special Envoy
of the Secretary-General for Yemen. Multiparty In support of the German OSCE Chairmanship,
consultations took place inside and outside the together with Initiative Mediation Support
country to support the track 1 peace process, Deutschland we helped to organise the conference
enhancing consensus-building among the Yemeni “The OSCE as Mediator – Instruments, Challenges,
parties on key issues in the peace process. A variety Potentials”. This event took place in July 2016
of topics were addressed, including interim security and brought together more than 200 participants
arrangements, resumption of the political transition from across the OSCE region, including high-
and options for a broad peace and reconciliation ranking representatives of governments and
process, political dialogue mechanisms, inclusion parliaments, special envoys and practitioners
of the South, and opportunities to strengthen local engaged in various mediation processes.
governance.

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 Highlights 

National Dialogues
Over the last decade national dialogues have featured ever more prominently as a
topic in international debates. While ending wars used to be a matter of elite bargaining,
practice and research alike have come to conclude that more inclusive and participatory
formats are likely to make agreements sustainable. National dialogues are understood
as processes that bring together all relevant national stakeholders and actors (state and
non-state), based on a broad mandate. Their aim is to build nationwide consensus with
respect to key conflict issues; gathering popular consent and support for fundamental
political and constitutional reforms. As such, they promote public participation and
support the forging of a new social contract.

National dialogues are often specifically associated

with post-conflict peacebuilding; however, the
effective use of them is not limited to open conflict,
but they can equally be used in situations where
political institutions are de-legitimised or blocked.
Furthermore, national dialogue formats have been
used in many different settings for a long time.
Examples include national conferences in
francophone Africa during the 1990s (Benin, Congo,
Togo, Mali, Niger, Zaire, Chad), multi-party
negotiations in South Africa (CODESA), national
roundtables (Poland, Germany’s unification process),
constituent assemblies (Bolivia, Afghanistan) and
current national dialogue processes in the Arab
World (Bahrain, Yemen, Tunisia, Lebanon).
Marike Blunck, Luxshi Vimalarajah,
Oliver Wils, Corinne von Burg, David Lanz
and Mir Mubashir.
National Dialogue Handbook. Whereas their aims are broadly similar – building
A Guide for Practioners. a nation-wide consensus with respect to key conflict
Berlin: Berghof Foundation. 2017
issues – they vary significantly with regards to their
mandate, process design, composition, decision-
making procedures and results. Simultaneously,
there is an increased pressure for conflict stakeholders to engage in national dialogues
and for national and international donors to support these efforts. With an ever-
advancing practice, yet little comparative research or best practice recommendations,
a clear need has been identified to establish a common framework of what we mean by
national dialogues and how best to advance and support such efforts. The development
and publication of the handbook was a crucial step in this direction and lays an
important foundation to strengthen learning on the topic in the countries and regions
interested and engaged in such processes.

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   Consultancies and Trainings

Consultancies and Trainings

UNDP: Joint Reports on the Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS)

Transformation of Armed Groups Course on National Dialogue and
and Infrastructures for Peace Peace Mediation

In April 2016, we published a joint report with National dialogues have become an increasingly
UNDP on the political transformation of armed important topic in the international debate. They
groups. The paper provides key insights into the are seen as a promising approach to addressing
factors of effective transition from armed struggle and resolving the causes of violent political
to democratic politics and their implications conflicts in an inclusive manner. Responding to
for the international support offered by UNDP this heightened interest together with swisspeace,
and other peacebuilding agencies. Another joint the Berghof Foundation has developed a 10-day
report sheds light on case-based lessons learned training course on “National Dialogue and Peace
from different designs and the implementation of Mediation”, which was held for the first time in
infrastructures for peace. Basel, Switzerland, in March 2015. In February
2016, around 25 participants came together for the
second course. Representatives of conflict parties
OSCE: Study on Insider Mediators and practitioners were trained in understanding,
in the OSCE Area designing and supporting national dialogues. They
also received training in dialogue and mediation
Although international actors are increasingly skills and reflected on the lessons that can be
paying attention to insider mediators, mediation drawn from previous national dialogues. Course
support offered to these actors continues to methodologies included expert inputs, case
be carried out on an ad hoc basis, partly due studies, simulation exercises and reflection.
to uncertainty about their needs, the various
challenges they face and the potential they offer.
The aim of this study was to investigate the
potential for making the OSCE’s collaboration
with insider mediators more effective and to
develop interfaces of mutual support that can
maximise complementarity between them.
With in-depth case studies on insider mediation
processes in Ukraine, Kosovo and Kyrgyzstan, the
study looked at dynamics and actors present in
these contexts in order to identify opportunities
for the OSCE to upscale its support to these
processes. The launch of the study “OSCE Support
to Insider Mediation: Strengthening Mediation
Capacities, Networking and Complementarity”
took place on 16 December 2016 in Vienna and was
organised by the OSCE Conflict Prevention Centre.
The study was funded by the 2016 German OSCE
Chairmanship.

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Training Course: Supporting Peace
Negotiation and Mediation Processes
at Track 1

The attention mediation receives as a tool for

conflict resolution in international conflicts is
growing steadily. Increasingly political, civilian,
police or military personnel working in crisis
areas are expected to have knowledge of how to
conduct, guide or support mediation and national
dialogue processes. Nonetheless, very few of these
professionals have received formal professional
training in this field. To better prepare these
experts for mediation and mediation support
activities, the Berghof Foundation, together with
the Center for International Peace Operations
(ZIF), has developed a framework training
course consisting of three yearly seminars of
five days each, which provide participants with
Programmes
the opportunity to understand the theories of
mediation in the international context and gain
the skills they need in order to be able to actively
engage in peace processes. This year’s course on
“Mediating International Conflicts” in November
2016 dealt with the design and conduct of actual
mediation processes.

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   Running title  Lorem ipsum dolor

Conflict Transformation Research

RESEARCH ON
13 COUNTRIES (Afghanistan, Chile, Colombia,
El Salvador, Georgia, India, Liberia, Mali, Timor
Leste, Somalia, South Sudan, Ukraine, Yemen)

5 CAPACITY-BUILDING WORKSHOPS IN
4 COUNTRIES (France, Nepal, Philippines, Spain)

PRESENTATIONS at
21 CONFERENCES in
10 COUNTRIES

11 PUBLICATIONS by programme staff

10
 Programmes 

This programme carries out research and related activities on inclusive conflict transformation, ranging
from participatory training to policy advice. Key themes in 2016 included:

A comparative analysis of formal and informal mechanisms for dialogue, governance and justice in
conflict-affected societies;
The critical assessment of international support to peacebuilding and post-war politics;
Empirical research on the democratic impact of civil resistance;
Capacity-building on inclusive peacebuilding and nonviolent action with conflict stakeholders from
various countries;
Policy advice on engaging with violent extremist actors for EU and UN agencies.

Enhancing EU Capabilities for In June 2016, we organised a conference at the

Whole-Of-Society Peacebuilding Berghof Foundation to present the project results to
policymakers and practitioners from the German Federal
Assessing how the European Union can improve Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
its civilian capabilities to support inclusive (BMZ), the German Federal Foreign Office and the
peacebuilding in conflict-affected countries German Development Cooperation (GIZ).
through a ‘whole-of-society’ approach is the aim of
this project funded by the EU programme Horizon
2020 since June 2015. The project is carried out by a Peaceful Coexistence between ‘Traditional’
research consortium led by the Global Partnership and ‘Non-Traditional’ Conflict Resolution
for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) and Mechanisms
brings together 10 institutional partners from the
EU and four case study countries: Georgia, Mali, In many (post-)conflict countries with dual systems of
Ukraine and Yemen. In 2016, our programme justice and governance, there is little information about
team carried out initial cross-country comparative how traditional systems of conflict resolution relate to
analyses in the thematic areas of EU multi- and interact with state-based approaches. This project
track diplomacy (dialogue and mediation) and filled this gap and analysed the forms of coexistence
governance reform support. between ‘traditional’ (indigenous, local, community-
based) and ‘non-traditional’ (imported, liberal, state-
based, Western) approaches to conflict resolution,
Forms of Informal Governance in and their effects on conflict settlement processes and
Afghanistan outcomes in communities. In 2016, we concluded the
project by publishing three case reports on Colombia
Governance output can be impacted by variations (La Guajira Department), India (Meghalaya State) and
in the form and frequency of corruption, Liberia, as well as a final comparative analysis report
specifically in the context of North-East which addressed all three case study countries.
Afghanistan. Using a mixed-method approach, the
research team examined which regional and local Findings were presented at:
factors lead to corruption appearing less predatory, the International Peace Research Association
more benign and ultimately more acceptable to Conference in Freetown, Sierra Leone;
the affected population. Through field research a symposium organised by the Peace Research
carried out together with local partners, this DFG- Institute Oslo in Sohna, India;
funded project uncovered the crucial role of local a meeting hosted by our project partners at Banaras
institutions, such as (informal) patronage systems Hindu University (Varanasi), India;
and grassroots representative development a conference at the University of Konstanz, Germany.
councils (a formal but non-state institution).

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   Programmes

Donor Support to Inclusive

Political Processes in Fragile and
Conflict-affected States

How can international donors support the

implementation of inclusive political settlements?
Responding to the guidelines set out in the first
Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goal of the
2011 New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States,
this project aimed to gather evidence on the
implementation of the New Deal by investigating
the role of international donors in Afghanistan,
Somalia, South Sudan and Timor Leste. This
GIZ-funded project was commissioned by the
OECD’s International Network on Conflict and Female combatants giving their direct advice to local
peacebuilding and development stakeholders
Fragility (INCAF) and conducted in collaboration
with partners at the Clingendael Institute.

Based on fieldwork carried out in 2015, we Former Female Combatants as Post-war

presented the initial research findings at an OECD Community Leaders
meeting in Paris in January 2016. Following several
rounds of policy and scholarly reviews, the final After violent conflicts end, female combatants face
study was launched at an international donor a number of challenges during the war-to-peace-
meeting of the Global Partnership on Effectiveness transition, for instance in terms of being excluded
in Development Cooperation in Nairobi in November from decision-making processes or being denied
2016 and was published by the OECD in January leadership positions. This pilot project aimed to share
2017. peer-to-peer advice among former female combatants
from Aceh (Indonesia) and current female members of
the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in Mindanao
Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic (Philippines) on challenges and opportunities for
Consolidation post-war political, social and economic community
leadership. We organised a workshop in Cotabato City,
The nature of democratic transitions – ranging Mindanao, followed by a dissemination seminar with
from nonviolent movements to violent insurrection local and international stakeholders. At the latter,
or elite bargaining – may greatly impact the the participants shared their lessons learned on how
quality of democratic consolidation. Using a peacebuilding and development agencies can support
mixed-method approach, this research project, led female combatants’ civilian and democratic leadership
by the University of Duisburg-Essen and funded aspirations. A brief workshop report summarising
by the DFG, investigates the origins and nature their experiences and key messages was published in
of these democratic transition processes, their October 2016. The project was supported by the Robert-
various shapes and forms, and the impact they can Bosch-Stiftung.
have on the consolidation of democracy. In 2016,
our programme team participated in the second
phase of the research. We contributed two desk- Fostering Meaningful, Effective and
based case studies on Chile and El Salvador, which Sufficiently Inclusive Peace Negotiations
were then compared with both the quantitative in Afghanistan
findings compiled by our Duisburg-Essen partners
and the conclusions they drew from their field The overall goal of this project is to support Afghan-
research in Benin and Namibia. driven efforts to resolve the protracted conflict and

12
to restore sustainable peace. A major part of Basir Feda
this project will focus on supporting the Afghan Project Manager „Fostering Meaningful,
Effective and Sufficiently Inclusive
High Peace Council (HPC) in its tentative role
Peace Negotiations in Afghanistan“
to coordinate and manage the peace process on
behalf of the government and, in doing so, to
build bridges between the Afghan government and What are you currently working on?
society as well as between the government and I manage the Afghanistan project at the moment,
opposition groups. This project will, furthermore, which aims to support Afghan-driven efforts to resolve
explore opportunities to enhance the interests of the protracted conflict and to restore sustainable peace.
other actors in participating in a sustainable peace In this context, I collaborate with Berghof’s directors,
process, including future negotiations. The project the head of my programme and my team to ensure
was officially launched in Kabul in 2016 with a that high quality support is delivered to achieve the
joint event between HPC’s leadership, the German fundamental goals of the two-year project. Together with
Embassy in Kabul and the Berghof Foundation. the team, I collaborate closely with our partners in the
Afghan government, the Federal Foreign Office in Berlin
(which funds our project) and international colleagues
Programme Director Véronique Dudouet gave in Afghanistan.
a keynote speech at the official launch of the
Permanent Social Forum in the Basque Country Is there something you achieved during your time at
(an inclusive platform to promote civil society’s role Berghof that you are particularly proud of?
in the Basque peace process) on 22 October 2016, In my current capacity, the project I manage is certainly
which marked the fifth anniversary of the Aiete a big achievement in itself. I am proud of this project
Conference that prompted the armed organisation because our management put a lot of trust in me taking
ETA to put a definitive end to its violent activities the lead on our efforts to contribute to peace in my
and begin a process of disarmament. country. Our collective team efforts at Berghof have
thus far led us to position ourselves as a respected and
In October 2016, we published a comprehensive trustworthy partner for national as well as international
research report entitled “Post-war Political stakeholders in the Afghan peace process. This, in my
Settlements: From Participatory Transition view, forms the basis for constructive engagement with
Processes to Inclusive State-building and all concerned parties towards a peaceful transformation
Governance”. The report concluded a three-year of the conflict.
project on inclusive political settlements which
also produced 18 individual case study reports. What is the most challenging aspect of your work?
And what is the most rewarding?
In November 2016, Programme Director The most challenging aspect of work is the context
Véronique Dudouet co-facilitated two training itself. Planning, while necessary, often becomes more
workshops on “People Power and Nonviolent of an ideal vision rather than something one could stick
Struggle for Justice” with the International Center to. The most rewarding feeling comes when we pull off
on Nonviolent Conflict in Nepal. The workshops something that seemed very difficult despite all the
brought together 60 Nepali ex-combatants challenges on the way.
and conflict victims, who are at the forefront of
popular mobilisations to demand an inclusive
implementation of the 2006 comprehensive peace
agreement. These workshops and their participants
were partly drawn from two participatory action
research projects funded by the Berghof Foundation
and conducted by Simon Robins and Ram Kumar
Bhandari in 2013–14 and 2014–15.

13
Peace Education and Global Learning

14
 Programmes 

In the year of its 40th anniversary, the programme has implemented more project activities than ever
before and was able to enhance its impact and further define its profile and identity. We apply our
approaches to peace education in four main areas:

Deepening our international experience with ambitious and forward-looking projects in Iran
and Jordan;
Identifying ways to address the societal challenges caused by the increased number of incoming
refugees in Germany;
Continuing our longstanding peace education activities in Germany; and
Organising and taking part in many cross-cutting activities such as the Berghof Summer School for
Young Peacebuilders, training courses and lectures.

Nonviolent Education in Jordan REFUGEE ASSISTANCE:

In collaboration with Jordanian partners, our 5 TRAINING AND NETWORKING WORKSHOPS with
activities in this country are focused on three
main areas. Firstly, we are promoting violence- 106 PARTICIPANTS at Zaatari Refugee Camp, Emirati
free schools by conducting workshop series on Jordanian Camp, Irbid Youth Centre and Theodor
Schneller School in Jordan
our interactive methods that foster empathy,
tolerance and capabilities to deal with conflicts
constructively, for instance through storytelling,
interactive theatre and “football for tolerance”.
We are also elaborating and implementing a new
workshop on school mediation. Secondly, we are
cooperating with local universities with the aim of
strengthening a culture of dialogue in Jordan and
promoting civic education in universities, schools
and families. And lastly, we are also promoting
the concept of conflict-sensitive refugee work.
To that end, we organised seven training sessions
for educational staff, social workers, students of
international social work and refugee community
leaders in close cooperation with our Jordanian
and German partners.

The first conference on “Strengthening a

Culture of Dialogue and Promotion of Civic Jordanian and German university experts at the conference
Education” took place on 25-26 November 2016.
It was organised together with local experts from
Jordanian universities and conducted under the
auspices of the Jordanian Ministry of Higher
Education. 60 experts, including professors and
presidents of universities from all over the country,
agreed to engage in closer cooperation. Experts
from Germany also attended the conference.

15
Peace education course participants in Tehran, Iran (photo 1,2)

Supporting Direct and Structural Online Portal Frieden-Fragen.de

Peace Education in Iran
Since its relaunch in late 2015, frieden-fragen.de
Our partners from the Tehran Peace Museum seek has been increasingly used in German schools.
to develop and implement a peace education We added new teaching and training material to
programme in Iran. We have developed projects the website, such as five scenarios on conflicts
to support their efforts. Our Peace Counts in school settings, and presented the resource
exhibition was shown in two cities in December at a number of teacher training events. We also
2016, and in July we hosted an expert meeting conducted workshops at schools using the
on the development of peace education in frieden-fragen.de training material. An expert
Iran in Tübingen. This event was attended by meeting organised by the Berghof Foundation with
Iranian, Austrian and German academics and representatives of German youth media outlets
representatives of the Tehran Peace Museum. reflected on how to portray and discuss the issues
Furthermore, a pilot course on the theory, of war, conflict and forced migration in children’s
practice and methods of peace education has media in an adequate way. Other content added
been developed in collaboration with our project to the website in 2016 includes three animated
partner and Iranian experts. We ran the course videos, a series of interviews with Wolfgang
for the first time in Tehran in November. Finally, Bauer, a well-known German journalist and war
we co-authored and published a course-specific correspondent, four films, one illustrated story
peace education manual together with the Tehran and a detailed infographic illustrating the tasks of
Peace Museum. All of these project elements the UN. We also developed an animated video that
contribute to the long-term plan of establishing introduces frieden-fragen.de to teachers, parents
a Peace Academy at the premises of the Tehran and future donors.
Peace Museum.

First Peace Education Manual in Iran: Together IN 2016:

with our partners, we developed a 70-page manual
consisting of four modules that outline possible 388,000 USERS visited our website frieden-fragen.de
and the editors received
approaches to conducting peace education courses
in Iran. The manual was published in English
775 QUESTIONS concerning war, violence and
and Persian and was tested during the first Peace peace
Education course in Tehran with 25 participants.

16
 Workshop on conflict sensitive refugee work, Germany 

Conflict-Sensitive Refugee Work: Global Learning

Accompanying, Encouraging and
Training Volunteers We have continued our cooperation with the NGO
Brot für die Welt and published a double issue
In January 2016, the Berghof Foundation, in of the German-language journal Global Lernen
cooperation with Asylzentrum Tübingen e.V., (Learning Globally) about nonviolent education,
held a kick-off meeting with representatives intended for classroom use with refugee students.
of refugee support groups and refugee aid Some parts of this issue are available in a number
organisations from Tübingen to discuss the draft of languages other than German, such as English,
concept for workshops on conflict-sensitive Arabic, Russian and Persian.
refugee assistance aimed at educating volunteers
in this subject. Later, in April 2016, the concepts
for a half-day and a one-day workshop were Service Centre for Peace Education
successfully piloted with various groups of
volunteers and professionals who assist asylum- The Service Centre for Peace Education
seekers and refugees in the German state of (Servicestelle Friedensbildung) commenced
Baden-Württemberg. We published an electronic its work in August 2015 with support from the
booklet that summarises the workshop’s content. Baden-Württemberg State Ministry of Education,
Throughout 2016, we conducted 18 workshops Youth and Sports. The set-up of the Service
for volunteers across Baden-Württemberg. Centre, which is jointly managed by the Berghof
Foundation and the Regional Centre for Civic
Education (Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung),
is unique in Germany. In 2016, we contributed to
the institution in various ways: through consulting
and participating in the steering committee,
18 WORKSHOPS with more than developing learning media in relation to the new
education plans in Baden-Württemberg, and
250 PARTICIPANTS in nine cities across
conducting teacher training sessions and school
Baden-Württemberg
projects. The Berghof Foundation also supports
the Service Centre conducting training courses for
6 MODULES on various aspects of conflict-sensitive
refugee assistance that can be flexibly combined young multipliers in methods of peace education
according to participants’ needs and provided input for the new education plans.

17
   Programmes

During these discussions, all of our relevant

suggestions were accepted; they thus influenced Isabella M. Bauer
the development of the federal state’s education Project Assistant
„Peace Education in Iran“
plans.

Summer School for Young Peacebuilders What do you like most about your job at Berghof?
Working with and in Iran is always challenging.
As in previous years, 15 particularly committed A lot of what we do in the country is new to many
young adults met at the Berghof Foundation’s Iranians and we always have to be creative and
Georg Zundel Haus in Tübingen to exchange adapt to the situation there. So far, not many
experiences, learn about new methods of peace Western organisations are active in Iran. In many
education and recover from their challenging ways it feels like we are paving a way for the future
work environments. One of the main aims of the and opening up new communication channels
Summer School was to provide inspiration for between our two countries, so I feel that I am
conflict-sensitive refugee work in participants’ working on something that will last for the years
countries of origin or residence (Egypt, France, to come.
Iran, Jordan, Germany, Greece, Lebanon,
Montenegro, Rwanda, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda What is the most challenging aspect of your work?
and Ukraine). In light of the attempted coup in And what is the most rewarding?
Turkey and the terrorist incidents in Germany, Many of the things we do have never been done
it became clear how important it is to have an before, and this is often challenging. We are very
international network in order to understand, lucky to be working with partners whom we trust
develop and carry out refugee work as a completely, also in terms of which events to plan,
peacebuilding task in the long term. which topics to address and who to collaborate
with. The most rewarding part is definitely
planning and conducting the events that are part
Didactical Perspectives on the 2016 of the project. There we can see how partners and
Peace Report course participants pick up our topics, develop
them further and make plans to use them in their
The Berghof Foundation was invited to develop own work environment.
an education brochure to accompany the Peace
Report (Friedensgutachten), which was published What are your plans for the future?
in December. The Peace Report is a joint yearbook I would like to expand our project in Iran, seeing
by five renowned German peace research that there is a great demand for our methods and
institutes. Based on our work, we will provide topics. My vision is a project with several strands,
training sessions for teachers, mainly in the states including cooperation with universities, schools
of Hamburg and Baden-Württemberg. and civil society organisations.

4,000 COPIES of
“THE PEACE REPORT 2016 DIDACTIC”
were printed and most copies were distributed
to schools.

18
Special Assignments

The origin of the new Berghof Foundation’s Special

Assignment Programme can be found in our
engagement in Sudan in close cooperation with Theodore Murphy
the German Federal Foreign Office. The programme Programme Director
„Special Assignments“
focuses on high-level dialogue processes and
explores new options for high-level political
engagement in conflict areas, with a current
regional focus on the Horn of Africa.
„The ability to make an impact,
to work with great people, and the
Supporting National Reconciliation
in Sudan freedom to develop creative ideas
and approaches is what I like most
In 2016, the Berghof Foundation continued to
about my job at Berghof. Together
support Sudan’s national dialogue process in
cooperation with the German Federal Foreign with the AU and the German
Office. This support took the form of direct Federal Foreign Office, we have
engagement with the conflict parties and activities
undertaken in coordination with the lead mediator established German mediation
of the African Union High Implementation Panel as a significant force for conflict
(AUHIP).
resolution in the Horn of Africa
The most prominent activities included co-hosting, region.”
with the AUHIP, informal consultations between
the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s
Liberation Movement North (SPLM/N) in Berlin
in January and a second, similar consultation in
Addis Ababa in August. Both meetings had the
goal of facilitating agreements on the cessation
of hostilities and humanitarian access, thereby
paving the way for preparatory national dialogue
meetings.

The conflict parties signed a milestone document on

8 August: the AUHIP Roadmap Agreement. The Berghof
Foundation participated in the facilitation of the meeting
and supported the process leading up to the signing.

19
   Running title  Lorem ipsum dolor

Dialogue, Mediation and Peace

Support Structures

20
 Programmes 

Our programme offers process-related, conceptual and technical support to peace negotiations and
peace mediation in geographically and typologically diverse conflict contexts. We contribute to the
design of creative, context-specific and conflict-sensitive dialogue and mediation processes. In 2016,
our work focused on offering nuanced contributions to the concept and practices of insider mediation
and national dialogues, while continuing to strengthen dialogue support and peace mediation as a
foreign policy tool in Germany and abroad.

Democratic Dialogues for Conflict 5 COUNTRIES we are working in

Transformation in Turkey
THIS YEAR, we conducted a policy-oriented study on
Targeting influential actors from the socio- OSCE support to insider mediation, commissioned
by the organisation’s Conflict Prevention Centre and
economic and political spheres at track 1.5
funded by the 2016 German OSCE Chairmanship.
level, this project seeks to support efforts at
de-escalation in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict
and is implemented together with our Istanbul-
based partner PODEM. In 2016, we strengthened
the role of the business community in peace
efforts through a series of workshops based on
the concept of peer learning. Other activities
included mappings of youth politicisation and
radicalisation in the country, organising a
study trip to Myanmar and, above all, offering
safe spaces for the main conflict stakeholders
to explore political solutions to the conflict.

International Roundtable on Youth

Armenia –Turkey in Turkey

Expert Dialogue Group

The purpose of the Armenia-Turkey Expert

Dialogue Group, initiated by our Istanbul-based
partner the Hrank Dink Foundation in cooperation
with the Berghof Foundation, lies in building on
the civil society momentum and preparing a list
of confidence building measures aimed at the
normalisation of relations between the two
neighbours. A group of experts from the political,
civil society and academic spheres came together
twice in 2016 and plans to develop a set of
recommendations on constructive avenues for the Ruins of a bridge of the Ancient Silk Road
in Kars, Turkey: one pillar is in Armenia,
normalisation of relations between Turkey and
one in Turkey
Armenia in 2017.

21
   Programmes

Security Dialogue Project Peace Education for Conflict

Management by Local Peacebuilders
Together with the project partners Centre for in Southern Thailand by the People’s
Sustainable Peace and Democratic Development College with Strategic Support by the
(SeeD) and Interpeace, the Berghof Foundation Berghof Foundation
is contributing to the Cyprus peace process. This
initiative specifically focuses on the security and The last phase of the three-year project funded
guarantor negotiation dossier, seeking to unlock by Sasakawa Peace Foundation ended in
creative arrangements by identifying informed, March 2016. During the final project phase, the
innovative and viable security options that would “People’s College” insider initiative focused
enable all communities in Cyprus to feel secure on organisational development, curriculum
simultaneously. The activities carried out by the design and review as well as capacity-building
Berghof Foundation included capacity building for fundraising with international donors. It
workshops in the areas of dialogue, security and followed the purpose of enhancing the initiative’s
transitions in post-conflict environments. sustainability as a new insider organisation in
It also contributed international security expertise the region and attracting young political activists
through research activities, public stakeholder to support its efforts in the future.
engagement and the convening and facilitation
of analytical workshops with leading experts.
The project developed a set of creative and The Platform of Insider Peacebuilders
viable security arrangement options based on (IPP) as an Inclusive Driver, Support
comparative security lessons and extensive Base and Safety Net for the Peace
research on the unique perceptions, needs and Process in the Deep South of Thailand
interests of both Greek Cypriot and Turkish
Cypriot communities. This engagement dates back to 2010, when it
started as a regional project on the role of insider
peacebuilders in Southeast Asia. It was later
decided to focus particularly on the formation of
an inclusive network of peace change-makers in
Southern Thailand and to establish a joint forum
of eight academic and civil society institutions
as co-hosts and guarantors of its integrity (with
the Berghof Foundation as the only international
member alongside seven Thai organisations).
Since 2013, the project has closely monitored the
challenging track 1 process, provided capacity-
building for key parties and stakeholders and
established a Peace Resource Collaborative (PRC).
During the first half of 2016, our efforts very much
focused on discreet track 1 support. However, a
re-escalation of the conflict in mid-2016 led the IPP
and PRC teams to concentrate on the formation of
a network of connectors between the key parties.

22
 Lorem ipsum dolor 

Participants of the Mediation Roundtable on “The Characteristics and Added Values of Regional Organisations in Mediation –
The AU, the OSCE and the UN” at the German Bundestag in April 2016

Resistance and Liberation Movements Berghof Mediation Roundtable

in Transition Discussion Series

By enhancing the negotiation capacities of The Berghof Mediation Roundtables offer German
Resistance and Liberation Movements (RLMs), policymakers, decision-makers and experts an
this project aims to create favourable conditions opportunity to debate current challenges and new
for finding a political solution to some of the trends in the field of mediation and mediation
world’s longest-standing conflicts. In 2016, we support. The informal format and small group
continued to build on our existing network of composition allow them to address specific topics
RLMs and tackled new issues in the area of in a comprehensive manner and develop more
negotiation support. The 8th annual RLM network profound policy recommendations. The events take
meeting took place in October 2016 and centred place in cooperation with the German Bundestag
on the topic of implementing peace accords and and target German parliamentarians as well as the
the role of third parties. By providing a safe space staff of relevant German government ministries.
for peer-to-peer exchange and discussions with On 12 April 2016, we organised the Mediation
experienced mediators, the negotiation capacities Roundtable on “The characteristics and added
and knowledge of the participants were to be value of regional organisations in mediation –
strengthened. The Berghof Foundation made The AU, the OSCE and the UN”. A side event with
use of this meeting to expand on and develop civil society, implemented in cooperation with ZIF,
new customised negotiation support activities provided further space for exchange on this topic.
as demanded by the participants.

Participants of a mediation training with

Norbert Ropers, Berghof Foundation

23
   Programmes

Graphic recording of the panel on “Insider Mediators as Part of Peace Infrastructures”, organized by the Berghof Foundation
in cooperation with the OSCE at the conference “OSCE as a Mediator” hosted by the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
the Initiative Mediation Support Germany

Initiative Mediation Support Germany National Dialogue Handbook.

(IMSD) A Guide for Practitioners

The Berghof Foundation is part of the Initiative The project seeks to improve the practice of
Mediation Support Germany, a consortium of national dialogue processes by enhancing the
five organisations working in the field of peace knowledge and skills of conflict stakeholders,
mediation that aims to strengthen peace mediation international experts and the diplomatic
as a German foreign policy tool. In 2016, activities community on this topic. Its goal is the
included mediation trainings for German and development of a hands-on practical resource
Swiss diplomats. In cooperation with the German guide for designing and implementing such
Task Force OSCE 2016, IMSD also organised the processes, while also supporting systematic
conference “The OSCE as Mediator – Instruments, exchange on the topic through events and
Challenges, Potential”. The Berghof Foundation a training course. In 2016, project activities
co-moderated the conference, presented centred on the conceptual development of the
preliminary findings of the study “Insider handbook, including the mapping of national
Mediators in the OSCE Area” and discussed the dialogue processes from around the world and
significance of the status question based on our comprehensive case studies on Libya, Mali,
experiences in Cyprus and Georgia. Sudan and Tunisia. Backstopping visits and focus
group discussions in these four countries and
close collaboration with international experts
further facilitated the generation of knowledge
and exchange. The project is implemented in
cooperation with swisspeace and funded by the
German Federal Foreign Office and the Swiss
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.

24
Scoping Study: Exploring the Youth Marike Blunck
Space of Mediation and Dialogue Project Manager „National Dialogue
Handbook. A Guide for Practitioners“

The topic of young peacebuilders is increasingly

appearing on international and local
peacebuilding agendas. Numerous initiatives are What do you like most about your job at Berghof?
under way in conflict contexts globally to interest, In 2016 it was exciting to dig deep into Berghof’s
empower and equip young people with tools to accumulated knowledge on national dialogues in order
engage in dialogue and mediation. Such initiatives to produce something new on a fairly unexplored topic.
have yielded inspiring results in many cases by I enjoy the continuous learning in this field, as much as
enhancing young people’s contribution to social the unpredictable and ever changing nature of the work.
change and conflict transformation. In order to However, what I find really inspiring are the personal
better understand how youth initiatives contribute interactions I have along the way, be it with colleagues
to mediation and dialogue, this study gathers at Berghof, partners in the field, or other practitioners.
evidence of the contribution and participation of Making connections and sharing insights and stories
youth in mediation, dialogue and peace processes. that span the globe is the best part of my work.
It is situated within the broader follow-up to the
recent UN Security Council Resolution 2250 on Is there something you achieved during your time at
youth, peace and security, which urges greater Berghof that you are particularly proud of?
representation by youth in the prevention and Yes, the National Dialogue Handbook. Developing a
resolution of violent conflict. It is also anticipated comprehensive, 320 page resource guide on a hitherto
to contribute as a thematic paper to the progress unexplored topic in a huge collaborative effort with
study on youth, peace and security mandated by colleagues, partners in the field and practitioners will
UN S/RES/2250. be a big achievement.

In late 2016, two field studies were carried out How did you end up at Berghof?
in Myanmar and Ukraine. Wonderful and inspiring Berghof continued to cross my path over the years.
stories of young people working across conflict lines No matter whether I was working in England, Nepal,
emerged. A workshop, hosted by our partner Finn Myanmar or around the corner in Berlin. I always
Church Aid in Yangon in December brought together liked the approach of combining practical work and
40 young people from all across Myanmar. It was research through ‘reflective practice’. Having been in
a great opportunity to develop a common vision conversation with different people from Berghof over
and strategies for implementing UN S/RES/2250 in the course of some time I was happy to hear of an
Myanmar. opportunity that fit.

Participants and facilitators at a workshop with young

peacebuilders in Myanmar, December 2016

25
   Running title  Lorem ipsum dolor

Middle East and North Africa

26
 Programmes 

The MENA region is going through a deep crisis. Civil war, state failure, eroding social fabric and rising
extremism have become an acute threat to many people in the region. Yet local actors continue their
efforts to build inclusive, just and peaceful societies. We offer support to these actors in strengthening
peace processes through inclusive dialogue and consensus-building and assist the establishment of
inclusive governance structures at national and local levels. We also work with religious authorities,
academics and youth to contribute to locally-led efforts to address extremism.

Supporting the Political Transition and PEOPLE participated in project activities

1,158
Peace Process in Yemen (workshops, trainings etc.)

458 PERSONS were interviewed for studies and

Despite the challenges posed by the ongoing mappings
war, we were able to support inclusive dialogue
formats among the Yemeni parties. Inside Yemen, 36 MULTI-STAKEHOLDER dialogues were facilitated
monthly multiparty meetings took place in Sana’a.
Simultaneously, we organised regular consultation
meetings for Yemeni parties outside the country our project sought to understand the changing
in coordination with the Office of the UN Special situation in the South and to explore options for
Envoy for Yemen. The objective of these meetings intra-Southern dialogue. With the help of local
was to endorse the UN-led efforts to revive the researchers, mapping studies were conducted
political process, to discuss options for the Yemeni based on interviews with a broad range of social,
parties to overcome the deadlock and to support political, security and civil society actors. In
consensus-building on key issues in the peace various dialogue formats, Southern stakeholders
process. We also offered thematic assistance to discussed challenges, priorities and emerging
the the multiple Yemeni stakeholders to enable visions in the areas of economy, policy and
them to prepare for a broader national peace and security in Aden, Hadhramout and surrounding
reconciliation process and organised informal governorates. They also explored policy options
consultations with the conflict parties to address and recommendations.
major stumbling blocks in the peace process. In
the city of Taiz, we supported local peacebuilding
initiatives’ efforts to facilitate confidence-building Supporting Sunni Institutions to
measures and prisoner exchanges. Strengthen Moderation and Tolerance
in Lebanon

Understanding Changing Constellations Since early 2015, we have been supporting the
of Actors and Emerging Visions in South Lebanese Dar al-Fatwa and other key Sunni
Yemen in the Areas of Economy, Policy actors in their efforts to strengthen religious
and Security tolerance and pluralism and to enhance intra-
Sunni dialogue. Through studies, workshops
The “Southern Question” has been a contentious and roundtable discussions, the project
issue in Yemeni politics for a long time. The brought together key Sunni actors and Dar al-
current war had a devastating impact on the Fatwa representatives to discuss root causes of
South. It created additional challenges in the radicalisation in Lebanon and explore options
economic, security and political areas and it and strategies to address it. Throughout 2016,
further damaged the already troubled North- we furthermore supported Dar al-Fatwa in its
South relations. Due to its sensitive nature, strategy-building and reform efforts in areas such
Yemeni and international actors are hesitant as religious education, provision of social services,
to address the Southern issue as part of the media and outreach. Trainings on dialogue
official peace process. Against this background, facilitation, mediation and conflict transformation

27
   Programmes

were organised to support Sunni imams, sheikhs Diaspora Emergency Action and
and key figures in society in their efforts to Coordination (DEMAC I)
enhance community dialogue, respond to local
concerns and thus contribute to reducing local The insufficient international response to
violence. In addition, activities were organised humanitarian crises around the globe has led
to enhance regional exchange with like-minded to increasing recognition of the need for a more
institutions. inclusive humanitarian system. Against this
background, we have been working with Syrian
diaspora organisations since 2015, in partnership
with the Danish Refugee Council and AFFORD, to
enhance mutual understanding and cooperation
between diaspora and conventional humanitarian
actors. Project activities in 2016 focused on
capacity-building for diaspora humanitarians,
enabling them to gain a better understanding
of humanitarian principles, security concerns
in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and
technical skills (e.g. media, monitoring, risk
assessment). Exchanges with representatives
of the international humanitarian system were
Intra-Sunni dialogue meeting in Tripoli organised, for instance through the participation
of a Syrian diaspora delegation at the World
Humanitarian Summit in May 2016. Their
input was based on DEMAC facilitation and a
Strengthening a Culture of Tolerance comprehensive preparatory process.
in Jordan

Today, growing radicalisation, particularly

among youth, is arguably the greatest threat to
the stability of Jordan. Hitherto, the Jordanian
government has approached the challenge of
home-grown extremism mainly as a security
threat. Many voices within Jordanian civil society,
however, demand more comprehensive policies
that address the societal, political, economic
and cultural roots of radicalisation. Against this
background, the Berghof Foundation, together
with the Jordanian Society for Democratic
Empowerment, supports efforts to strengthen
the culture of tolerance and counteract extremist
ideas among young people. We cooperate with a Preparatory workshop for the World Humanitarian Summit
Jordanian expert group in exchanging and sharing
their experience with regional and international
practitioners. The project also directly works with
young people in several governorates by offering
a space where they can share their views and
ideas about radicalisation and where they can
learn about tolerance and nonviolent methods to
address conflicts.

28
Building Federalism through Local Feras Kheirallah
Government Dialogue in Somalia Senior Project Manager „Strengthening
the Strategy Development of Sunni
Institutions to Enhance Stability and
The project aimed to strengthen peace and
Religious Tolerance “, Lebanon
stability in Somalia by increasing the bottom-up
legitimacy of the current federalisation process
and the merger of regions to become federal states. Is there something you achieved during your time at
In 2016, a total of six Shirarka (Somali traditional Berghof that you are particularly proud of?
assemblies) were held in the regions I am very proud of the fact that a small dedicated
of Middle Shabelle and Hiiraan, which then Berghof team in Lebanon, together with some highly
merged to become the new federal state of committed colleagues from Germany and a supportive
Hirshabelle. Each Shir lasted six days and had leadership in Berlin, has managed to turn an idea
around 60 participants from various districts and into a great project, fill in gaps, create local and
stakeholder groups. The participants had a unique regional networks, explore new areas of work and, of
opportunity for free and open-ended discussion on course, successfully contribute to building peace and
their views, visions and fears about federalism and initiating dialogues and exchange between groups and
the federalisation process, local government and communities.
conflict resolution/reconciliation. A local Somali
team, including representatives from three partner What is the most challenging aspect of your work?
universities and the local governments in Middle And what is the most rewarding?
Shabelle and Hiiraan, has been invaluable for the Working in fragile contexts requires intuition, patience
success of the project. A meeting with donors took and a lot of understanding. It is a daily challenge to keep
place in Nairobi in May and the final conference focused and not get dragged into the conflicts we are
for the project was held in Mogadishu in trying to transform. It is challenging to influence minds
November. and initiate change and shifts in behaviours in societies
that are fed with hate and prejudices as a mean of self-
protection. Nevertheless, it is rewarding to see how
Shir in Middle Shabelle, Somalia small steps can lead to big success, how young people
are still willing to explore and take the risk for a peaceful
future, and how ownership is being practiced to ensure
continuation and success.

In your opinion: What makes Berghof special?

Flexibility and the ability to develop, create and
implement ideas. Furthermore, Berghof is not perceived
to be affiliated with any religious, ethnic or political
group/party – and this provides a base of neutrality
that offers better access to closed, conservative and
conflicted communities.

29
Caucasus

200 WORKSHOPS with around

3,300 PARTICIPANTS

18 RADIO PROGRAMMES on biographical episodes

from all conflict sites, reaching up to

63,000 LISTENERS across Georgia

26 “BIOGRAPHICAL SALONS” held in Abkhazia, of

which 13 were transmitted on Abkhaz TV.

30
The Caucasus programme’s focus lies on building Andrea Zemskov-Züge
bridges between estranged communities through Project Manager „Through History
Dialogue to Future Cooperation“
history dialogues. Through two complementary
projects, we helped to establish a local team of
insider mediators that includes all stakeholder
communities and succeeded in addressing the What are you currently working on?
wider public in Abkhazia and Georgia through I am working on the project “Through History Dialogue
established TV and radio formats. to Future Cooperation”. As a regional expert and a
historian specialising in biographical methods, I support
young people and war memorialisation stakeholders
(for example ex-combatants and relatives of war victims)
Through History Dialogue to Future in reflecting on and developing their own narratives of
Cooperation war memory. It is crucial for the future that their ways
of remembering past violence support peace and at the
This project seeks to establish a space for same time do not conceal the grief and pain that were
conflict transformation in Abkhazia based on caused by the wars.
the discussion of personal memories among
participants from Abkhazia, Georgia and South Is there something you achieved during your time at
Ossetia. This comprises two main areas of Berghof that you are particularly proud of?
activities: conducting discussion workshops I am proud of the trust and loyalty of our local partners
on war-time memories, and producing the TV on all sides. Sometimes, our processes are emotionally
programme “Biographical Salon” in Abkhazia challenging and it is not always easy to listen to and
and the radio programme “Cross Point” in accept the grievances of the other conflict party. Only
Georgia. During the workshops, participants after seriously and wholeheartedly engaging for a longer
engaged in dialogue and learned about each period of time can results be seen. I am thankful and
other’s views, feelings and perceptions of the war. proud that people follow my lines of thought and that,
The media activities constitute an opportunity time and again, this leads them to sincere, deep contact
to influence the public discourse and reach even across the conflict divide and to revealing insights into
the most marginalised groups. Moreover, our their own and other people’s experience.
programme has helped to overcome the rigid
exclusion of Georgians from Abkhazia by granting How did you end up at Berghof?
Georgian participants access to Abkhazia and to I had finished my PhD and was looking for a challenging
Abkhaz media. field in which to develop further and experiment with
methods of Dialogue on History. Also, I wanted to
continue and deepen the work on history in conflict
Georgian-Mingrelian-Abkhaz Youth I had previously undertaken in Georgia and Abkhazia.
Initiatives I was attracted by the possibility to combine practical
experience and academic research in my work.
This project promotes the inclusion of Georgian-
Mingrelian youth in the history dialogue
initiatives within Abkhazia. The Mingrelians
living in Abkhazia can help to build bridges
towards a sustainable reconciliation between
Abkhazians and Georgians. The active inclusion
of the Georgian-Mingrelian people also
contributes to overcoming their isolation within
Abkhazia and thus advances confidence-building
within Abkhaz civil society.

31
   Programmes

Latin America

32
 Programmes 

The Latin America programme’s core approach is to design learning processes and foster spaces for
dialogue and learning that allow local actors to find joint ways forward, taking into account their unique
challenges. The projects and activities respond to the need to implement peace processes at the
subnational level. In Colombia, we contributed to the preparation of the implementation phase of the
peace agreement between the government and FARC by addressing existing peacebuilding needs beyond
the agreement. Conceptualising ‘armed social violence’ and developing strategies to create spaces for
conflict transformation have been other priorities in our work.

Territorial Peacebuilding in Colombia 20 LOCAL LEADERS from social organisations and

administrations in conflict-affected regions of
the Meta Department (Colombia) are using their
This project seeks to strengthen capacities for
dialogue facilitation capacities to bring state and
peacebuilding at the national and subnational civil society actors together.
levels. In 2016, our team assisted government
and civil society actors in the Meta and Norte de 1 LEAD ARTICLE for the Berghof Handbook
Santander departments with the participatory Dialogue series and
drafting of their development plans for 2016–2020
at the municipal and departmental levels, with 5 COMMENTS shed light on the challenges of
‘armed social violence’, a phenomenon which
a specific focus on peacebuilding. We supported
has profoundly affected Latin America for
the implementation of processes and activities decades.
geared towards peacebuilding in the regions,
wherever necessary in collaboration with the
national authorities. Developing the capacities
of local actors and leaders and working with the
Barí indigenous people on dialogue facilitation
methods are important elements of each process.
Our component is delivered in a consortium with
Como Consult and is one of three elements of the
ProPaz peacebuilding programme implemented
by GIZ.

With our support, Norte de Santander’s

departmental peace policy has made significant
advances, and a similar policy is now being
developed in Meta. In Norte de Santander,
12 participatory events with almost 350
representatives of different stakeholder groups
provided input and feedback on the policy.
Our team supported the design and facilitation
of the events and provided conceptual input. Workshop on the psychosocial approach for integrated
management of risk for human rights organisations and their
donors in Berlin

8 SUBNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS include

peacebuilding strategies and activities as a result of
the Como-Berghof team’s advisory processes.

33
   Programmes

MAPA: Dealing with Threat and Risk on a Honduras Programme Exploration for
Psychosocial Level within Human Rights German Civil Peace Service (CPS)
Organisations
While Honduras has not experienced the civil
Human rights organisations (HROs) play an wars that characterise other countries in Central
important role in conflict transformation. In America, its levels of violence are among the
violent contexts, their space to act in conflict- highest in the world. What is the contribution
stricken areas is severely affected by various that a programme with peacebuilding experts can
risks and threats. Our project looked at how offer in this context? At GIZ’s request, the Berghof
organisations can manage the psychosocial Foundation provided support for an analysis of the
impacts of threat and how donors can best context, needs and options for establishing a new
integrate a psychosocial approach into their German Civil Peace Service country programme in
support. Apart from initiating changes in the Honduras.
management of threat within the nine HROs from
Colombia, Honduras and Mexico that formed
part of the process, we captured lessons learned “We are under constant threat
on the types of psychosocial measures that can and are still trying to change
strengthen HROs in continuing their work. this country. International
These lessons were compiled in an interactive
understanding and support are
guide available in Spanish and English.
very important for us.”
A workshop on how to deal with the impact (Honduran civil society activist in interview)
of risk and threats to human rights organisations,
which took place in Berlin in October 2016, provided
an innovative and productive space for exchange 45 INTERVIEWS in and on Honduras provided insights
into the violence and conflict, explored peacebuilding
on challenges and experiences and enabled
needs and thus formed the basis for drafting the Civil
participants to gain new insights into ways of Peace Service country programme for GIZ.
dealing with psychosocial aspects.

9 HROs from Colombia, Honduras and Mexico have

strengthened their abilities to deal with threats on
a psychosocial level and shared experience with
five donor organisations. One interactive guide for
threatened HROs and donors features a model
focusing on psychosocial aspects.

Meeting between traditional Barí leaders and representatives of the Colombian government in Norte de Santander, Colombia

34
 Facts and Figures 

Financial Report
Operating Revenues Total operating revenues: th€ 7,179

Project income 81%

th€ 5,821
17 % Core funding Berghof Foundation Trust
th€ 1,200

2% Other revenues
th€ 128

Project Income Grand Total: th€ 5,821

7% Caucasus
Special Assignments 6% th€ 380
th€ 344
3% Conflict Transformation Research
Peace Education and Global Learning 10%
th€ 188
th€ 588

Dialogue, Mediation and

28 % Peace Support Structures
th€ 1,653
Middle East and North Africa 43%
th€ 2,471 3% Latin America
th€ 197

Auditors‘ Report

We have issued an unqualified audit opinion for the Hamburger Treuhand Gesellschaft
financial statement as of 31 December 2016 (balance Schomerus & Partner mbB
sheet, income statement and notes) of the Berghof Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Foundation Operations GmbH, Berlin, in accordance Zweigniederlassung Berlin
with generally accepted accounting principles in
Germany. The figures of the annual report 2016 have Berlin, 15 May 2017
been derived from these financial statements and
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial Specht Lehmann
position as of 31 December 2016 and the results of its Wirtschaftsprüfer Wirtschaftsprüfer
operations and its cash flows for the year. (German public auditor) (German public auditor)

35
   Facts and Figures

Financial Report
Balance

Assets in th € 2016 2015

Non-current assets Intangible assets 41 72

(patents, copyright and software)

Fixed assets 152 169

Total non-current assets 193 241

Current assets Inventory 6 5

Debtors 354 181

Other receivables and prepaid 255 403

expenses

Bank and cash in hand 994 1,336

Total current assets 1,609 1,925

Total assets 1,802 2,166

Net assets and liabilities

Net assets Basic capital 25 25

Other equity capital 308 324

Total net assets 333 349

Current liabilities Bank indebtedness 20 23

Accounts payable 663 354

Accrued liabilities 163 174

Project advances from funders 275 560

Other liabilities 348 706

Total current liabilities 1,469 1,817

Total net assets and liabilities 1,802 2,166

36
 Facts and Figures 

Income Statement

in th € 2016 2015
Operating revenues Core funding Berghof Foundation Trust 1,200 1,200

Project income 5,821 4,022

Income grantmaking 30 218

Other revenues 128 124

Total operating revenues 7,179 5,564

Operating expenses Salaries and social costs 2,860 2,517

Expenses grantmaking 30 218

Professional fees and local project costs 2,304 1,404

Travel, representation and seminars 1,066 732

Other project costs 381 193

Office costs 453 590

Depreciation 79 81

Total operating expenses 7,173 5,735

Operating surplus/loss 6 -171

Net loss Net surplus/loss before corporate tax 6 -171

Corporate tax 22 10

Net loss for the financial year -16 -181

37
   Facts and Figures

Organisation and Team

Board of Trustees Vivianne Guérin, Programme Assistant
Barbara Kemper, Senior Project Manager
Johannes Zundel, CEO Berghof Foundation Trust, Engjellushe Morina, Project Manager
Tübingen, Germany (Chairperson) Mir Mubashir, Project Manager
Elke Begander, Ludwigsburg University of Dr. Jared Ordway, Senior Dialogue Facilitator
Education, Ludwigsburg, Germany Katrin Planta, Project Manager
Ise Bosch, CEO Dreilinden gGmbH, Hamburg, Vanessa Prinz, Project Manager
Germany Nico Schernbeck, Project Manager
Cornelia Brinkmann, CEO Steps for Peace, Berlin, Frans Schram, Dialogue Facilitator
Germany Philippe Taflinski, Project Manager
Edelgard Bulmahn, MdB/SPD, Vice-President
of the German Bundestag, Berlin, Germany Peace Education and Global Learning
Diana Chigas, Tufts University, Medford, USA Uli Jäger, Programme Director
Prof. Dr. Kjell Åke Nordquist, University of Uppsala, Isabella Bauer, Project Manager
Uppsala, Sweden Isabella M. Bauer, Project Assistant
Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu, Executive Director, Hazem Elgafari, Programme Assistant
Centre for Policy Alternatives, Colombo, Anne Kruck, Senior Project Manager
Sri Lanka Dagmar Nolden, Project Manager
Prof. Dr. em. Dr. h.c. mult. Dieter Senghaas, Julia Oschinski, Project Assistant
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Dr. Nicole Rieber, Project Manager
Nadine Ritzi, Project Manager
Executive Directors Stefanie Rücker, Student Assistant
Cassandra Schützko, Project Assistant
Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-Joachim Giessmann Carolin Sokele, Student Assistant
Sandra Pfahler Alina Soltani, Project Manager

Thematic Programmes Special Assignments

Theodore Murphy, Programme Director
Conflict Transformation Research Nayla Hajjar, Project Manager
Dr. Véronique Dudouet, Programme Director Karla Sanel, Project Assistant
Matteo Dressler, Programme Assistant
Theresa Breitmaier, Project Assistant Regional Programmes
Basir Feda, Project Manager
Janel B. Galvanek, Senior Project Manager Caucasus
Karin Göldner-Ebenthal, Programme Assistant Dr. Oliver Wolleh, Programme Director
Dr. Kristóf Gosztonyi, Project Manager Izzat Khusbakov, Project Assistant
Stina Lundström, Project Manager Dr. Andrea Zemskov-Züge, Project Manager
Katrin Planta, Project Manager
Latin America
Dialogue, Mediation and Peace Support Structures Barbara Unger, Programme Director
Luxshi Vimalarajah, Programme Director Antonia Montanus, Project Manager
Nina Bernarding, Project Assistant
Marike Blunck, Project Manager Middle East and North Africa
Sinan Cinar, Student Assistant Dr. Oliver Wils, Programme Director
Damjan Denkovski, Project Assistant Sonja Neuweiler, Co-Director MENA Programme

38
 Facts and Figures 

Basma Abdelaziz, Programme Assistant Interns

Lara Azzam, Project Manager, Lebanon
Omar Belhaj Salah, Project Assistant Julian Demmer (Conflict Transformation Research)
Malika Bouziane, Senior Project Manager Magdolin Harmina (Middle East and North Africa)
Alia N. Eshaq, Project Manager Dino Krause (Latin America)
Nadine Francis-Pohle, Project Manager Nele Rathke (Latin America)
Kamal Kamal, Project Assistant, Jordan Krystal D. Renschler (Dialogue, Mediation and
Feras Kheirallah, Project Manager, Lebanon Peace Support Structures)
Erik Mohns, Project Manager Ellen Skuza (Peace Education and
Mohammed Moneim, Project Assistant, Lebanon Global Learning)
Nora Rathje, Project Manager
Rauia Toama, Programme Assistant Associates

Finance and Administration José Miguel Abad (Colombia)

Mohammed Abu Zaid (Lebanon)
Svenja Fredrich, HR Manager Musa Al Munaizel (Jordan)
Sebastian Fritsch, Accountant Andrés Aunta (Colombia)
Johanna Knoop, Student Assistant Dr. Catherine Barnes (USA)
Stephan Polster, Project Controller Lorena Fernández (Colombia)
Efmorfia Nafpaktitou, Accounting Assistant Dr. Radwan El-Sayed (Lebanon)
Jana Rieckmann, HR Assistant Ali Saif Hassan (Yemen)
Annett Rößling, Executive Assistant Andrés Home (Colombia)
Stefanie Schulze, Accountant Dr. Christoph T. Jaeger (Kenya)
Christine Seifert, Executive Assistant/ Shadia Marhaban (Indonesia)
Project Manager Grantmaking Abdi Noor Mohamed (Kenya/Somalia)
Jenny Stock, Project Controller Jamila Rajaa (Egypt)
Emilija Taseva, Project Controller Roberto Sanabria (Colombia)
Malte Tepe, Project Controller Leban Serto (India)
Heike Wellm, Accountant Shota Shvelidze (Georgia)
Anja Wendlinger, Accountant Hannes Siebert (Lebanon)
Stefan Witthuhn, Project Controller Dr. Martin Wählisch (Lebanon)
Guoxiao Yu, Project Controller Dr. Annette Weber (Germany)
Marc Zuiderveen, Controller Prof. Dr. Mesut Yeğen (Turkey)
Sohaib Al Zoubi (Germany)
Publications and Core Services

Beatrix Austin, Senior Coordinator

Berghof Handbook
Astrid Fischer, Project Manager
Website, Publications
Claus-Dieter Wild, Senior Administrator Library,
IT, Organisation

39
   Facts and Figures

Grantmaking
In 2016, the Berghof Foundation supported a small number of projects that aimed to complement our
activities with a budget donated by the Zundel family. Our Board of Trustees awarded grants for two distinct
programmes: the Grant for Innovation in Conflict Transformation for state-of-the-art projects in our field,
and the Georg Zundel Scholarship for PhD students. The selection was based on the principles of strategic
complementarity, potential for innovation and opportunities for partnership.

Grant for Innovation in Conflict Georg Zundel Scholarship

Transformation
In February 2016, our former Georg Zundel Grantee
In 2016 these projects received grants on the Dr. Markus Weissert successfully defended his PhD
topic of “Engaging actors with radical religious thesis at the Free University Berlin. The topic of
narratives in conflict transformation”: his research was “Memories of Violence, Dreams
of Development: Memorialisation Initiatives in the
Promoting the Islamic discourse of peace Peruvian Andes”.
(€ 46,000; The Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, Monika Onken and Malaiz Daud continued
Switzerland) their PhD projects at the Free University Berlin
Project duration: February 2016 – July 2017 supported by Georg Zundel scholarships in
2016. Monika’s thesis, entitled “The Paradox of
Arresting violence in Cambodia through Violence accompanying Nonviolent Movements”,
peer engagement by Buddhist monks considers under which conditions radical
(€ 50,000; Monash University, Australia) flanks lead to a higher likelihood of success
Project duration: February 2016 – January 2018 of simultaneous nonviolent campaigns. In his
thesis, entitled “Violence and Nonviolence: The
At a conference at the Berghof Centre in Berlin Dynamic Landscape of Pashtun Resistance”,
on 17 November 2016, representatives of the Malaiz researches the characteristics of Pashtun
grantee organisations presented their work, resistance movements and their interplay with
preliminary results and lessons learned on oppressive powers and violent enterprises.
how organisations pursuing alleged radical
religious narratives can be engaged in formal
negotiations, or how peer-group initiatives within
religious communities can help mitigate biases
and contribute to processes of inclusive conflict
transformation. There was also room for a lively
debate between Berghof Foundation staff and
grantees and an opportunity to discuss potential
areas of future collaboration.

40
 Facts and Figures 

Publications
Books and articles published by the Berghof Foundation
Araabi, Samer and Leila Hilal. 2016. Reconciliation, Reward and Lundström, Stina and Shadia Marhaban. 2016. Challenges and
Revenge: Analyzing Syrian De-escalation Dynamics Opportunities for Female Combatants’ Post-war Community
through Local Ceasefire Negotiations. Berlin/Cambridge, Leadership: Lessons Learnt from Aceh and Mindanao.
MA: Berghof Foundation/Conflict Dynamics International. Workshop Report. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.
Bauer, Isabella and Uli Jäger (eds.). 2016. Global Lernen Mir, Mubashir, Engjellushe Morina and Luxshi Vimalarajah. 2016.
1-2/2016: Das Recht auf gewaltfreie Erziehung. Berlin/ Opportunities for Enhanced OSCE Support in Insider
Tübingen: Brot für die Welt/Berghof Foundation. Mediation Processes. Berlin/Vienna: Berghof Foundation/
Bauer, Isabella, Isabella M. Bauer, Uli Jäger, Yalda Khosravi, OSCE.
Elaheh Pooyandeh, Fateme Shadi Afrooz. 2016. Promoting Montanus, Antonia, Nele Rathke and Barbara Unger. 2016.
Direct and Structural Peace Education in Iran. Peace Organisations under pressure but powering on – the
Education Course – Manual for Trainers. Berlin/ psychosocial approach within integrated management
Tübingen: Berghof Foundation. of threat. A model for human rights organisations and donor
Berghof Foundation (eds.). 2016. Strengthening a Culture of organisations. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. (also available in
Dialogue and Promotion of Civic Education. Documentation Spanish: Montanus, Antonia, Nele Rathke and Barbara
of the Conference November 2016. Berlin/Tübingen: Unger. 2016. Organizaciones amenazadas, pero fuertes –
Berghof Foundation. Un enfoque psicosocial en el manejo integral de amenazas.
Dudouet, Véronique, Katrin Planta and Hans-Joachim Un modelo para organizaciones de DDHH y organizaciones
Giessmann. 2016. The Political Transformation of Armed donantes. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.)
and Banned Groups – Lessons Learned and Implications Nolden, Dagmar and Carolin Sokele. 2016. Workshop Handout:
for International Support. New York/Berlin: UNDP/ Konfliktsensitive Flüchtlingsarbeit. Berlin/Tübingen:
Berghof Foundation. Berghof Foundation.
Dudouet, Véronique and Stina Lundström. 2016. “Post-war Nolden, Dagmar and Cassandra Schützko (eds.). 2016. Conflict
Political Settlements: From Participatory Transitions to Sensitive Refugee Assistance. Documentation of Project
Inclusive Outcomes?” Berghof Paper: Research Report. Activities „Nonviolent Education in Jordan 2016“. Berlin/
Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Tübingen: Berghof Foundation.
Fischer, Astrid (translation). 2016. SIPRI Yearbook 2016. Oschinski, Julia and Nadine Ritzi. 2016. Friedensgutachten 2016
Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. didaktisch. Berlin/Tübingen: Berghof Foundation.
Solna/Bonn/Berlin: Stockholm International Peace Sy, Ousmane, Ambroise Dakouo and Kadari Traoré. 2016.
Research Institute/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung/ National Dialogue in Mali: Lessons from the 1991 National
Berghof Foundation. Conference for the Nascent Conference of National
Fischer, Martina. 2016. “Transitional Justice. Lessons from Understanding. Case Study Report. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.
the Balkans.” Berghof Policy Brief No. 5. Berlin: (also available in French: Sy, Ousmane, Ambroise Dakouo and
Berghof Foundation. Kadari Traoré. 2016. Dialogue National au Mali : Leçons de la
Galvanek, Janel B.. 2016. Pragmatism and Mistrust: The Conférence Nationale de 1991 pour le processus de sortie de
Interaction of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Liberia. crise. Étude de Cas. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.)
Case Study Report. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Planta, Katrin. 2016. Interdependency and Interference:
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. Embedded Peace. The Wayuu’s Normative System and State-based Conflict
Infrastructures for Peace: Approaches and Lessons Learned. Resolution in Colombia. Case Study Report. Berlin: Berghof
New York/Bern/Berlin: UNDP/Swiss Agency for Foundation. (also available in Spanish: Planta, Katrin.
Development and Cooperation/Berghof Foundation. 2016. Interdependencia e interferencia. El sistema
Jäger, Uli, Dagmar Nolden, Nadine Ritzi, Anne Romund and normativo de los wayuu y los mecanismos estatales
Stefanie Rücker. 2016. „Frieden lernen interaktiv – de resolución de conflictos en Colombia. Berlin:
Projektvorschlag für Schulen. Pädagogisches Begleitheft Berghof Foundation.)
zur Posterserie und Ausstellung ‚Peace Counts. Die Erfolge Upadhyaya, Priyankar and Anjoo Sharan Upadhyaya. 2016.
der Friedensmacher’“. Friedensbildung Heft 1. Berlin/ Traditional Institutions of Dispute Resolution in India:
Tübingen: Berghof Foundation. Experiences from Khasi and Garo Hills in Meghalaya.
Jäger, Uli, Wolfgang Pasche and Julia Oschinski. 2016. Case Study Report. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.
„Ein Leben im Nahostkonflikt“. Friedensbildung Heft 2.
Berlin/Tübingen: Berghof Foundation.

41
   Facts and Figures

Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

Arévalo de Léon, Bernardo and Ana Glenda Tager. 2016. Unger, Barbara, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and
“Armed Social Violence and Peacebuilding: Towards an Beatrix Austin. 2016. “Introduction”. In Berghof Handbook
Operational Approach.” In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Dialogue Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars– Exploring a
Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Peacebuilding Approach to Armed Social Violence, eds.
Approach to Armed Social Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Barbara Unger, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and
Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and Beatrix Austin. Beatrix Austin. Berlin: Berghof Foundation.
Berlin: Berghof Foundation.
Carl, Andy. 2016. “The (not so) New Challenge of Responding External and other publications
to Armed Social Violence with Peacebuilding.” In Berghof Austin, Beatrix. 2016. “Die Berghof Foundation. Verständigung
Handbook Dialogue Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars – und Versöhnung durch Konflikttransformation.“ In
Exploring a Peacebuilding Approach to Armed Social Deutschland in Europa nach 1945. Verständigung und
Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Versöhnung nach dem Zivilisationsbruch, eds. Corine
Dressler and Beatrix Austin. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Defrance and Ulrich Pfeil. Brüssel: Peter Lang Verlag.
Carmignani, Marco and Fernando Cavalcante. 2016. Austin, Beatrix. 2016. „Konflikttransformation mit Verstand,
“Countering Armed Social Violence in Guinea-Bissau: Herz und Kreativität.“ In Für den Frieden Forschen?
The Case of the Model Police Station in Bairro Militar.” Wissenschaft und Frieden 1/2016.
In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No. 12: Undeclared Bouziane, Malika. 2016. “Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider
Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Approach to Armed Social Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict
Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Transformation. Case Study: Lebanon.” In Tradition- &
Dressler and Beatrix Austin. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in Conflict
Fischer, Martina and Beatrix Austin. 2016. “Introduction.” Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Opportunities
In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No. 11: Transforming for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir and Luxshi
War-related Identities, eds. Beatrix Austin and Martina Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious and
Fischer. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Traditional Peacemakers publication 1.
Hamber, Brandon. 2016. “Grappling with the Stranglehold of Damrongviteetham, Jularat. 2016. “Tradition- & Faith-Oriented
the Past over Time: A Response.” In Berghof Handbook Insider Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict
Dialogue Series No. 11: Transforming War-related Identities, Transformation. Case Study: Southern Thailand.” In
eds. Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer. Berlin: Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in
Berghof Foundation. Conflict Transformation. Potential, Constraints, &
Pearce, Jenny. 2016. “The ‘Violent’ Turn in Peace Studies and Opportunities for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir
Practice.” In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No. 12: and Luxshi Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious
Undeclared Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Approach to and Traditional Peacemakers publication 1.
Armed Social Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Véronique Dudouet, Véronique and Matteo Dressler. 2016. “Assessing EU
Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and Beatrix Austin. Berlin: Multi-track Diplomacy in Ukraine, Georgia, Mali and
Berghof Foundation. Yemen: A Scoping Report.” Report submitted to the
Santamaría, Gema. 2016. „From War-making to Peacebuilding? European Commission under the Horizon 2020 research
Opportunities and Pitfalls of an Integral Approach to Armed framework.
Social Violence in Mexico.” In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Dudouet, Véronique. 2016. “Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider
Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict
Approach to Armed Social Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Transformation. Case Study: Mali.” In Tradition- & Faith-
Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and Beatrix Austin. Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in Conflict
Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Opportunities
Simbulan, Karen P. and Laurens J. Visser. 2016. „The Value of for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir and Luxshi
Listening to Community Voices: A Peacebuilding Approach Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious and
to Armed Social Violence.” In Berghof Handbook Dialogue Traditional Peacemakers publication 1.
Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Fischer, Martina and Olivera Simic (eds.). 2016. Transitional
Approach to Armed Social Violence, eds. Barbara Unger, Justice and Reconciliation. Lessons from the Balkans.
Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and Beatrix Austin. London: Routledge.
Berlin: Berghof Foundation. Galvanek, Janel B. and Hans-Joachim Giessmann. 2016.
Unger, Barbara, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Dressler and “Everyday Resistance to Conflict Resolution Measures and
Beatrix Austin, (eds.). 2016. Berghof Handbook Dialogue Opportunities for Systemic Conflict Transformation.” In
Series No. 12: Undeclared Wars – Exploring a Peacebuilding Cultures of Governance and Peace: A Comparison of EU and
Approach to Armed Social Violence. Berlin: Indian Theoretical and Policy Approaches, eds. J.
Berghof Foundation. Peter Burgess, Oliver P. Richmond and Ranabir Samaddar.
Manchester: Manchester University Press.

42
 Facts and Figures 

In some countries, large numbers of civilians are being killed by

armed gangs and criminal organisations. However, these pockets of
armed social violence (“undeclared wars” marked by criminal, gang
and/or urban violence, among other things) have received much
less attention from peacebuilding actors than politically motivated
forms of armed conflicts. But as their effects — social and political
destabilisation and, in some cases, high numbers of victims —
become more pressing, national and international actors have begun
addressing the issue. This publication examines the phenomenon
of armed social violence and responses to it, looking at case studies
from Colombia, El Salvador, Guinea-Bissau, Mexico, Myanmar, Syria,
“Undeclared Wars”: Exploring a Timor Leste and the UK.
Peacebuilding Approach to Armed
Social Violence. Berghof Handbook
Dialogue No. 12. Edited by Barbara “Undeclared Wars” is the 12th issue in the ongoing Berghof
Unger, Véronique Dudouet, Matteo Handbook Dialogue series, which explores cutting-edge but also
Dressler, Beatrix Austin. Berlin,
Berghof Foundation. 2016. thorny issues in the peacebuilding and conflict transformation field.
For more information, visit our website at www.berghof-foundation.
org/en/publications.

Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Das Morgen im Gestern. Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Konflikttransformation:
70 Jahre Vereinte Nationen.“ In Freitag Nr. 52/2015. Kritische Reflektionen zu Theorie und Praxis.“
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. “War on Terror 2.0.” Online In Gesellschaftstransformation – neue Perspektiven, eds.
article for Heinrich Böll Stiftung North America. Michael Brie, Rolf Reissig, Michael Thomas. Berlin:
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Conflict Transformation and Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung.
the Russia-Ukraine Crisis.” In International Crisis Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Preface.“ In Reconciliation,
Management: NATO, EU, OSCE and Civil Society, eds. Reward and Revenge: Analyzing Syrian De-escalation
Samuel Goda, Oleksander Tytarchuk and Maksym Khylko. Dynamics through Local Ceasefire Negotiations, Samer
Amsterdam, Berlin, Washington D.C.: IOS Press. Araabi and Leila Hilal. Berlin/Cambridge, MA: Berghof
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Terrorismus – eine neue Art Foundation/Conflict Dynamics International.
von Krieg?“ Zeitschrift DEUTSCHLAND & EUROPA. Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. “Die ‚Versicherheitlichung‘
Stuttgart: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung. deutscher Außenpolitik. Tücken und Lücken im Weissbuch
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Zwischen 2016.” Welttrends 120/2016.
Rechtsgemeinschaft und Geopolitik: Europäische Gosztonyi, Kristóf, Aarya Nijad, Basir Feda and Jan Koehler.
Sicherheitspolitik am Scheideweg.“ In Europa und die 2016. Subnational Governance in Afghanistan. Kabul:
neue Weltunordnung. Analysen und Positionen zur Governance Forum Afghanistan / AREU.
Europäischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, ed. Heinrich- Jäger, Uli. 2016. “Friedensbildung und -pädagogik: Strukturelle
Böll-Stiftung. Berlin: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Schriften zu Verankerung und Initiierung von Lernprozessen.”
Europa. In Jahrbuch Demokratiepädagogik 4. Friedenspädagogik und
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Fragwürdiger Demokratiepädagogik 2016/ 17, eds. Helmolt Rademacher,
Kampfeinsatz.“ Welttrends 111/2016. Werner Wintersteiner. Schwalbach / T.: Wochenschau
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim, Friedrich Schorlemmer, Hans Verlag.
Misselwitz and Götz Neuneck. 2016. „Warum Europa eine Jäger, Uli. 2016. „Bildungsarbeit und Friedenserziehung
neue Ostpolitik braucht.“ Online article for vorwärts. in Post-Konfliktgesellschaften“. Online article for
Giessmann, Hans-Joachim. 2016. „Des Kaisers neue Kleider: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.
Kritische Notizen zur ‚Europäischen Friedensordnung‘.“ Jäger, Uli, Anne Kruck, Dagmar Nolden, Julia Oschinski,
Das Blättchen. Zweiwochenschrift für Politik, Kunst und Nicole Rieber and Nadine Ritzi. 2016. „Chancen nutzen,
Wirtschaft Vol. 19/16. Kinder ernst nehmen: Friedenspädagogische Überlegungen
zum Umgang mit dem Thema ‘Flucht und Asyl’“.
TelevIZIon 2/2016.

43
   Facts and Figures

Lundström, Stina and Matteo Dressler. 2016. “Assessing

EU Support to Governance Reform.” Report submitted to
the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 research
Networks
framework.
Mir, Mubashir and Luxshi Vimalarajah. 2016. “Tradition- &
Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in Conflict Partners
Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Opportunities Afghan Human Rights Research and Advocacy Organization,
for Collaborative Support.” The Network for Religious and Afghanistan
Traditional Peacemakers publication 1. African Foundation for Development (AFFORD), United Kingdom
Mir, Mubashir. 2016. “Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Agency for Social, Economic & Cultural Development,
Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict Tskhinval/i
Transformation. Case Study: Kenya.” In Tradition- & Faith- Al-Balqa‘ Applied University, Jordan
Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in Conflict Aluna Psicosocial
Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Opportunities Association for Development Cooperation (AGEH), Germany
for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir and Luxshi Berlin Center for Integrative Mediation (CSSP), Germany
Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious and Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst, Germany
Traditional Peacemakers publication 1. Center for Conflict Studies and Cultural Diversity, Prince of
Mir, Mubashir. 2016. “Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Songkla University (PSU), Thailand
Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), Germany
Transformation. Case Study: Myanmar/Burma.” In Center for Peace and Conflict Studies (CPCS), Chulalongkorn
Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in University, Thailand
Conflict Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Center for Peace Mediation at the Europa-Universität Viadrina,
Opportunities for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir Germany
and Luxshi Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular (CINEP), Colombia
and Traditional Peacemakers publication 1. City of Tübingen, Germany
Nolden, Dagmar and Nadine Ritzi. 2016. “Zuflucht Clingendael Institute of International Relations - Conflict
Deutschland.” Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Research Unit, the Netherlands
Bildung. Common Space Initiative, Lebanon
Nolden, Dagmar and Nadine Ritzi. 2016. „Fluchtgeschichten“. Como Consult GmbH, Germany
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. Conciliation Resources, United Kingdom
Nolden, Dagmar and Nadine Ritzi. 2016. „Peace Counts School: Danish Refugee Council (DRC), Denmark
Die Erfoge der Friedensmacher. Ein lernmodell für Dar al-Fatwa, Lebanon
Projektttage an Schulen“. Zeitschrift DEUTSCHLAND & Deep South Watch, Thailand
EUROPA 71. Stuttgart: Landeszentrale für politische Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
Bildung. GmbH, Germany
Planta, Katrin. 2016. „Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Escola de Cultura de Pau, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona
Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict (ECP), Spain
Transformation. Case Study: Colombia.” In Tradition- & ESSEC IRENÉ (Institute for Research and Education on
Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) in Conflict Negotiation), France
Transformation. Potential, Constraints, & Opportunities European External Action Service (EEAS), Belgium
for Collaborative Support, eds. Mubashir Mir and Luxshi European Peacebuilding Liaison Office (EPLO), Belgium
Vimalarajah. 2016. The Network for Religious and Finn Church Aid, Finland
Traditional Peacemakers publication 1. Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Romund, Anne and Uli Jäger. 2016. „Frieden weiter denken: Gender and Development Initiative (GDI), Myanmar
Zivilgesellschaftliche Beiträge für Konflikttransformation German-Jordanian Society Reg.Soc.
und nachhaltige Entwicklungsprozesse“. Zeitschrift Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict
DEUTSCHLAND & EUROPA 71. Stuttgart: Landeszentrale für (GPPAC), the Netherlands
politische Bildung. Hrant Dink Foundation (HDF), Turkey
Unger, Barbara. 2016. “Acciones Colectivas: ¿Semilla, Inmedio, Germany
Expresión o Parte Integral de una Infraestructura Institute for Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol
para la Paz?” In Movilización por la Paz en Colombia: una University, Thailand
Infraestructura Social Clave para el Posacuerdo, Special Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the
Report. Bogotá: CINEP / Programa por la Paz. University of Hamburg (IFSH), Germany
Unger, Barbara. 2016. „Der Friedensprozess in Kolumbien: Institut für Politikwissenschaften der Universität Tübingen,
Friedensabkommen, Friedensnobelpreis und noch kein Germany
Frieden“. FriEnt Impulse 10/2016. Bonn: FriEnt. Institute of Peace Studies, Prince of Songkla University (PSU),
Thailand
Institute of World Policy (IWP), Ukraine

44
 Facts and Figures 

Funders
International Center on Conflict and Negotiation, Georgia Baden-Württemberg Stiftung, Germany
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia Berghof Foundation Trust
Jordanian Society for Democratic Empowerment, Jordan Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst, Germany
King Prajadhipok’s Institute, The Office of Peace and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany
Governance, Bangkok, Thailand Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, GmbH, Germany
Germany Deutschen Stiftung Friedensforschung (DSF)
London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), European Commission (HORIZON 2020 - EU Framework
United Kingdom Programme for Research and Innovation)
Malaviya Centre for Peace Research at Banaras Hindu University Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Amman, Jordan
(MCPR), India European Union Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO)
MediatEUr, Belgium Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), Switzerland
Mothers of Abkhazia for Peace and Social Justice Federal Foreign Office, Germany
Open Horizons Co. Ltd., Nairobi, Kenya Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media,
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development - Initiative „Ein Netz für Kinder“, Germany
Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) Finn Church Aid, Finland
Peace Counts Network, Germany Foreign and Commonwealth Office, United Kingdom
Peace Development Center, Georgia Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Germany
Peace Information Center, Thammasat University, Thailand Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, zivik Funding Programme,
Peace Studies Institute, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Germany
Thailand City of Hamburg via Institut für Friedensforschung und
People’s College, Thailand Sicherheitspolitik (IFSH), Germany
Political Development Forum (PDF), Yemen International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada
ProPAZ GIZ, Colombia Ministerium für Kultus, Jugend und Sport Baden-Württemberg,
Public Policy and Democracy Studies (PODEM), Turkey Germany
Puntland State University, Somalia Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre (NOREF), Norway
Regional Development Support Society, Georgia Robert Bosch Stiftung, Germany
Robert Bosch Stiftung, Germany Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Japan
SIMAD University, Somalia
Sinergia S.A., Argentina
Stanford University, USA Memberships
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Germany European Peace Liaison Office (EPLO)
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), The European Peace Liaison Office is a European association
Sweden of non-governmental organisations engaged in peacebuilding,
Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, Germany crisis prevention and conflict resolution. As a platform for
Swisspeace, Switzerland collaboration within a community of like-minded partners, it
Tehran Peace Museum, Iran also lobbies for a more prominent role for peaceful tools and
Theodor Schneller Educational Training Centre, Jordan strategies in the policies of the European Union.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) German Platform for Peaceful Conflict Management
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia The platform is a German network of associates which promotes
University of Duisburg Essen peaceful conflict management. It is designed as an open
University of Jordan (UJ), Jordan network.
University of Law and Political Sciences of Bamako (USJPB),
Mali Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) /
University of Petra, Jordan Working Group on Education and Fragility
University of Southern Somalia, Somalia INEE is a network of practitioners from international NGOs,
University of Utrecht, Netherlands UN and government agencies who work to promote education
University of Windsor, Canada opportunities in crisis or conflict areas. It supports its members
World Bank, USA amongst others through information sharing and management,
World Without Violence, Sukhum/i advocacy work and providing tools for practice and policy.
Zeitenspiegel Reportagen, Germany address political tensions and armed conflict.

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   Facts and Figures

Mediation Support Initiative Germany (IMSD)

The Mediation Support Initiative Germany consists of a
consortium of five non-governmental organisations that
aim to further the knowledge and application of mediation
and mediation support in public discourse and Germany’s
(foreign) policy and to integrate mediation as one efficient and
sustainable instrument of civilian crisis prevention.

Mediation Support Network (MSN)

The Mediation Support Network’s mission is to promote and
improve mediation practice, processes and standards to
address political tensions and armed conflict.

Peace and Dialogue Platform

The Peace and Dialogue Platform led by the Common Space
Initiative is an online resource centre providing up-to-date
information on national dialogue processes as well as insights
into conceptual developments and selected case studies.

The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers

The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers brings
together actors to provide global support for grassroots to
international peace and peacebuilding efforts. The aim of the
Network is to improve the effectiveness and sustainability
of peace-focused efforts by collaboratively supporting and
strengthening the positive role of religious and traditional
actors in peace and peacebuilding processes.

Friends of Berghof Peace Education

The main task of the Friends of Berghof Peace Education

in Tübingen is to support the Berghof Foundation’s
Peace Education and Global Learning Programme in the
implementation of ideas and initiatives such as the Berghof
Summer School for International Peacebuilders and the
publication of learning materials on peace education for
schools. Peace education within the Berghof Foundation
focuses on the development and implementation of violence
prevention and peace education projects in conflict areas and
the organisation of events and encounters on the topic.

Donation account
Kreissparkasse Tübingen
Account number 2245485
Bank code number 64150020
IBAN: DE87 6415 0020 0002 2454 85
BIC: SOLADES1TUB

46
Imprint

Photography Cover and Programme Covers

Ali Barqawi Studios (cover) Cover: Conference on nonviolent education in
Omid Jafarnejad (p. 2,3) Jordan
Janel B. Galvanek (p. 4, photo 1) p. 2,3: Interactive methods during the peace
Jürgen Lippert, Berghof Firmengruppe education course in Iran
(p. 4, photo 2) p. 8: Training for ex-combatants on nonviolent
Giorgi Bejanishvili (p. 4 photo 3) resistance in Kavre district, Nepal
Berghof Foundation (p. 4, photo 4) p. 12: Dr. Maha Darwish, UNRWA, speaker at the
Voices of Women Media (p. 8) conference in Jordan
Simone Heuer (p. 10) p. 18: The sign marks one of the two check-points
Astrid Fischer (p. 11) in Cyprus’ capital Nicosia that allows residents
Ali Barqawi Studios (p. 12, 13) to pass to other side of the divided island
Omid Jafarnejad (p. 14, photo 1,2) p. 24: Yemen consultation meeting
Dagmar Nolden (p. 15) p. 28: Abkhaz (left) and Georgian (right) workshop
Foto Kleinfeldt (p. 16) participants. The speaker has become the
Karla Şanel (p. 17) symbol of the dialogue process on history on
Dr. Jared L. Ordway (p. 18) all conflict sides 
PODEM (p. 19, photo 1) p. 30: Dialogue facilitation training in
Hrant Dink Foundation (p. 19, photo 2) Villavicencio, Colombia
Philippe Taflinski (p. 21, photo 1)
Jularat Damrongviteetham (p. 21, photo 2) Editorial team
Benjamin Felis & Team (graphic recording), Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans Joachim Giessmann
Luxshi Vimalarajah (photo) (p. 22) Sandra Pfahler
Finn Church Aid, Myanmar (p. 23, photo 1) Annett Rößling
David Außerhofer, Stiftung Mercator Christine Seifert
(p. 23, photo 2)
Rauia Toama (p. 24) Proofreading
Dar Al-Elm Wal Oulama (p. 26, photo 1) Hillary Crowe
Erik Mohns (p.26, photo 2)
Berghof Foundation (p. 27 photo 1) Design
Mohamed Moneim (p. 27 photo 2) Amberpress
Oliver Wolleh (p. 28) Katja Koeberlin, Gosia Warrink
Peter Wingert (p. 29)
Roberto Sanabria (p. 30) Print
Nele Rathke (p. 31) Ruksaldruck
Libardo Peñaranda (p. 32)
© Berghof Foundation
www.berghof-foundation.org

May 2017. All rights reserved.

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Berghof Foundation
Altensteinstraße 48a
14195 Berlin
Germany
www.berghof-foundation.org
[email protected]