1) Relative words refer to the nearest antecedents unless the context requires otherwise.
2) Things omitted from an enumeration must be intended to be omitted.
3) Words must be interpreted based on accompanying or associated words.
1) Relative words refer to the nearest antecedents unless the context requires otherwise.
2) Things omitted from an enumeration must be intended to be omitted.
3) Words must be interpreted based on accompanying or associated words.
1) Relative words refer to the nearest antecedents unless the context requires otherwise.
2) Things omitted from an enumeration must be intended to be omitted.
3) Words must be interpreted based on accompanying or associated words.
1) Relative words refer to the nearest antecedents unless the context requires otherwise.
2) Things omitted from an enumeration must be intended to be omitted.
3) Words must be interpreted based on accompanying or associated words.
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Latin Maxim English Meaning
Relative words refer to the nearest
Ad proximum antecedens fiat relatio nisi antecedents, unless the context otherwise impediatur sententia requires A person, object, or thing omitted from an Causus omissus pro omisso habendus est enumeration must be held to have been omitted intentionally Ejusdem generis Of the same kind of specie A thing not being excepted must be regarded Exceptio firmat regulam in casibus non as coming within the purview of the general exceptis rule Every statute must be so construed and Interpretare et concordare legibus est optimus harmonized with other statutes as to form interpotandi modus uniform system of law Interpretatio fienda est ut res magis valeat A law should be interpreted with a view to quam pereat upholding rather than destroying it Word construed with reference to accompanying Noscitur a sociis or associated words The best interpreter of a statute is the status Optima statuti interpretatrix est ipsum statutum itself Referring each to each; referring each phrase or Reddendo singula singulis expression to its appropriate object; or let each be put in its proper place Statutes sharing a common purpose or relating to Statutes in pari materia the same subject and which are construed together.