Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 81 views

    AE 231 Thermodynamics Recitation 8 Recitation 8: Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan Eyi

    Uploaded by

    Onur ÖZÇELİK
    The document contains 4 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like diffusers, steam turbines, pistons in cylinders, and fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 analyzes the exit conditions of air flowing through a diffuser. Problem 2 examines the specific work and states in a steam turbine power plant cycle. Problem 3 considers a piston-cylinder system with a spring and calculates the heat transfer and entropy change. Problem 4 analyzes the pressure and work in a pipe carrying water down to a turbine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AE 231 Thermodynamics Recitation 8 Recitation 8: Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan Eyi

    Uploaded by

    Onur ÖZÇELİK
    81 views13 pages
    The document contains 4 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like diffusers, steam turbines, pistons in cylinders, and fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 analyzes the exit conditions of air flowing through a diffuser. Problem 2 examines the specific work and states in a steam turbine power plant cycle. Problem 3 considers a piston-cylinder system with a spring and calculates the heat transfer and entropy change. Problem 4 analyzes the pressure and work in a pipe carrying water down to a turbine.

    Original Title

    Recitation8.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document contains 4 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like diffusers, steam turbines, pistons in cylinders, and fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 analyzes the exit conditions of air flowing through a diffuser. Problem 2 examines the specific work and states in a steam turbine power plant cycle. Problem 3 considers a piston-cylinder system with a spring and calculates the heat transfer and entropy change. Problem 4 analyzes the pressure and work in a pipe carrying water down to a turbine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views13 pages

    AE 231 Thermodynamics Recitation 8 Recitation 8: Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan Eyi

    Uploaded by

    Onur ÖZÇELİK
    The document contains 4 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like diffusers, steam turbines, pistons in cylinders, and fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 analyzes the exit conditions of air flowing through a diffuser. Problem 2 examines the specific work and states in a steam turbine power plant cycle. Problem 3 considers a piston-cylinder system with a spring and calculates the heat transfer and entropy change. Problem 4 analyzes the pressure and work in a pipe carrying water down to a turbine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    AE 231 Thermodynamics

    Recitation 8
    Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan Eyi
    Problem 1
    Question: A diffuser is a steady-state, steady-flow device in which
    a fluid flowing at high velocity is decelerated such that the
    pressure increases in the process. Air at 120 kPa, 30°C enters a
    diffuser with velocity 200 m/s and exits with a velocity of 20 m/s.
    Assuming the process is reversible and adiabatic what are the exit
    pressure and temperature of the air?
    Solution: C.V. Diffuser, SSSF single inlet and exit flow, no work or
    heat transfer.
    Energy Eq.: hi + Vi2 /2 = he + Ve2/2, => he - hi = CPo(Te - Ti)
    Entropy Eq.: si + ∫ dq/T + sgen = si + 0 + 0 = se (Reversible, adiabatic)

    2
    Problem 1
    Energy equation then gives:
    CPo(Te - Ti) = 1.004(Te - 303.2) = (2002 - 202)/(2×1000)
    => Te = 322.9 K
    Pe = Pi(Te/Ti)k/(k-1) = 120(322.9/303.2)3.5 = 149.6 kPa

    3
    Problem 2
    Question: Consider a steam turbine power plant operating at
    supercritical pressure, as shown in the figure. As a first
    approximation, it may be assumed that the turbine and the
    pump processes are reversible and adiabatic. Neglecting any
    changes in kinetic and potential energies, calculate
    a. The specific turbine work output and the turbine exit state
    b. The pump work input and enthalpy at the pump exit state
    c. The thermal efficiency of the cycle?

    4
    Problem 2

    5
    Problem 2
    a) 1: h1 = 3777.51, s1 = 6.67074
    2s: s2s = s1 , => x2 = (s - sf)/sfg= (6.6707-0.8319)/7.0766 = 0.8251
    h2s = 251.4 + 0.8251*2358.33 = 2197.2
    wT,s = h1 - h2s = 1580.3 kJ/kg
    b) 3: Sat. liquid h3 = 167.56, s3 = 0.5724
    4s: s4s = s3 , P => T = 40.75°C, h4s = 192.6
    wP,s = h4s - h3 = 25.0 kJ/kg
    c) ηTH = wnet/qH = (wT,s - wP,s)/(h1 - h4s) =1555.3/3584.9 = 0.434

    6
    Problem 3
    Question: A frictionless piston/cylinder is loaded with a linear spring, spring
    constant 100 kN/m and the piston cross-sectional area is 0.1 m2. The cylinder
    initial volume of 20 L contains air at 200 kPa and ambient temperature, 10°C.
    The cylinder has a set of stops that prevent its volume from exceeding 50 L. A
    valve connects to a line flowing air at 800 kPa, 50°C. The valve is now opened,
    allowing air to flow in until the cylinder pressure reaches 800 kPa, at which
    point the temperature inside the cylinder is 80°C. The valve is then closed and
    the process ends.
    a) Is the piston at the stops at the final state?
    b) Taking the inside of the cylinder as a control volume, calculate the heat
    transfer during the process.
    c) Calculate the net entropy change for this process.

    7
    Problem 3

    8
    Problem 3
    Solution:Air from Table A.5:
    R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K, Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg-K, Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg-K, k = 1.4
    Ap = 0.1 m2, Vstop = 50 L
    State 1: T1 = 10oC, P1 = 200 kPa, V1 = 20 L = 0.02 m3,
    m1 = P1V1/RT1 = 200×0.02/(0.287×283.15) = 0.0492 kg
    State 2: T2 = 80oC, P2 = 800 kPa, Inlet: Ti = 50oC, Pi = 800 kPa
    a) Pstop = P1 +ks/Ap2(Vstop - V1) = 500 kPa, P2 > Pstop ‡ Piston hits stops
    V2 = Vstop = 50 L, m2 = PV/RT = 0.3946 kg
    b) 1st Law: 1Q2 + mihi = m2u2 - m1u1 + mehe + 1W2
    me = 0, mi = m2 - m1
    1W2 = ∫ P dV = (P1 + Pstop)(Vstop - V1)/2 = 10.5 kJ

    9
    Problem 3
    Assume constant specific heat
    1Q2 = m2CvT2 - m1CvT1 - (m2 - m1) CpTi + 1W2 = -11.6 kJ
    c) 2nd Law: ∆Snet = m2s2 - m1s1 - misi - Qcv/To
    To = 10oC = 283.15 K
    ∆Snet = m2(s2 - si) - m1(s1 - si) –Qcv/To
    s2 - si = Cp ln(T2/Ti) – R ln(P2/Pi) = 0.08907 kJ/kg-K (P2 = Pi)
    s1 - si = Cp ln(T1/Ti) – R ln(P1/Pi) = 0.26529 kJ/kg-K
    ∆Snet = 0.063 kJ/K

    10
    Problem 4
    Question: A small dam has a pipe carrying liquid water
    at 150 kPa, 20°C with a flow rate of 2000 kg/s in a 0.5
    m diameter pipe. The pipe runs to the bottom of the
    dam 15 m lower into a turbine with pipe diameter 0.35
    m. Assume no friction or heat transfer in the pipe and
    find the pressure of the turbine inlet. If the turbine
    exhausts to 100 kPa with negligible kinetic energy what
    is the rate of work?

    11
    Problem 4
    Solution:

    12
    Problem 4
    C.V. Pipe. No work, no heat transfer, v ≈ const. Bernoulli
    so find kinetic energy at 1, 2
    v2 ≈ v1 ≈ vf = 0.001002
    dm/dt = ρ AV = AV/v
    V1 = mv1 /A1 = 2000 × 0.001002 / [(π/4) 0.52)] = 10.2 m s -1
    V2 = dm/dt v2/A2 = 2000 × 0.001002 / (π/4 0.352) = 20.83 m s -1
    v(Pe-Pi) + (Ve2-Vi2 )/2 + g (Ze – Zi ) = 0 ⇒
    Pe = Pi + [(Ve2-Vi2 )/2 + g (Ze – Zi) ]/v
    = 150 + [(10.22- 20.832)/2+ 9.80665 × 15]/(1000 × 0.001002)
    = 150 – 17.8 = 132.2 kPa
    w = – ∫ v dP + (V12-V32)/2 + g(Z1 – Z3)
    = - 0.001002 ( 100 – 150) + [10.22/2 + 9.80665 × 15] /1000 = 0.25 kJ/kg
    dW/dt= (dm/dt)w = 2000 ×0.25 = 500 kW

    13

    You might also like