Biodiversity Journal, 2015, 6 (2): 497‒504

Checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of the

Ekenäs Archipelago National Park, Southern Finland

Panu Kunttu1*, Jorma Pennanen2 & Heikki Kotiranta3

1
University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences. P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; email: [email protected]
2
Pentbyntie 1 A 2, FI-10300 Karjaa, Finland; email: [email protected]
3
Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity Unit, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; email: [email protected]
*
Corresponding author

ABSTRACT This is the first checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of the Ekenäs Ar-
chipelago National Park on the Finnish south coast. The focus is on wood-dwelling poly-
pores and corticioids. The material was collected in the years 1989, 1990, 2010 and 2012,
respectively, during one or a few days each year. The field work was carried out on the two
largest islands: Älgö and Jussarö. The number of species detected was 150, which is 20%
of all the Finnish polypores and corticioids. Eight of the species are nationally or regionally
threatened.

KEY WORDS aphyllophorales; corticioids; fungal diversity; polypores; species richness.

Received 28.02.2015; accepted 22.06.2015; printed 30.06.2015

INTRODUCTION aphyllophorales from the Finnish southern ar-

chipelago (Kunttu et al., 2015).
For the polypores and corticioids the term The Ekenäs Archipelago National Park was
aphyllophorales is used solely for pragmatic founded in 1989. One part of the national park was
reasons. Both of the groups are highly diverse and former Jussarö Strict Nature Reserve which was
polyphyletic (Hibbett et al., 2014). In this study we established in 1956. The national park contains a
concentrated on species which are saprobes, few hundreds of islands or skerries, and the land
parasites or mycorrhizal, but for instance the clav- area is 844 hectares and sea area 4577 hectares
arioid taxa and soil dwelling hydnaceous fungi (Nordström & Tainio, 2012). It is also a part of the
(e.g., Bankera Coker & Beers ex Pouzar, Hydnellum large Natura 2000 conservation area, dominated by
P. Karst., Hydnum Linnaeus) are excluded. sea and archipelago landscapes (Nordström &
In the checklist of Kotiranta et al. (2009) 756 Tainio, 2012).
corticioids and polypores are reported from Finland, The national park is situated in the Gulf of
and 489 of them occur on the southwestern coast of Finland (approx. 59° N, 23° E) in the hemiboreal
Finland where our study islands are situated. After vegetation zone (Ahti et al., 1968) in section1b (see
this Finnish checklist numerous papers have been e.g., Kotiranta et al., 2009, p. 7 or Rassi et al., 2010,
published with new records of aphyllophoroid fungi p. 27). It belongs to the Uusimaa biogeographical
(e.g., Kunttu et al., 2010; 2012; Kotiranta & province (Hansen & Knudsen, 1997).
Shiryaev, 2013; Spirin et al., 2013a). There is only The national park extends from larger forested
one earlier large scale biogeographical study of islands near the mainland out to rugged skerries and
498 PANU KUNTTU ET ALII

open seascapes of the Gulf of Finland. The park is is mostly covered with coniferous forests inter-
divided into inner, middle and outer archipelago mixed with deciduous trees, like birches (Betula
zones (Häyren, 1948). The larger islands inhabit spp. Linnaeus) and aspen (Populus tremula Lin-
also old-growth forests suitable for pretentious naeus) (Fig. 2). On the stony shores and other wet
wood-decayers. Small islands have been saved places black alder (Alnus glutinosa (Linnaeus)
from intense forestry but household use for build- Gaertner) is common. Selectively loggings in
ing, fodder for domestic animals and collecting of spruce forests were made 40 years ago but part of
firewood have occurred. Small islands are mainly these forests have been restored recently (Nord-
poor, rocky Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) ström & Tainio, 2012).
dominated, and in general the forests are mainly The island of Jussarö is located on the eastern
barren Cladina-, Calluna-, Empetrum-Vaccinium- boundary of the national park (Fig. 1), and is the
and Myrtillus-site-type heath forests with only some second largest in the park. Such forested inlands are
patches of herb-rich forests (Bonn & Routasuo, unusual in the outer archipelago zone. It is divided
1997; Nordström & Tainio, 2012). into two parts: the western part is dominated by old-
As a whole, the national park contains high biod- growth forests with up 150 years old spruces (Fig.
iversity with rare and threatened species and habitat 3), and it has been untouched for decades, and the
types, like 13 Natura 2000-habitat types according eastern side is strongly affected by mining, which
to the European Union´s Habitat Directive, and 61 was practised over hundred years until 1960’s
threatened or near-threatened species (Nordström (Nordström & Tainio, 2012).
& Tainio, 2012; Metsähallitus, 2014). The specimens were identified by the authors
themselves. Voucher specimens are deposited in the
herbaria of Universities of Turku (TUR), Helsinki
MATERIAL AND METHODS (H) and/or private collections of the authors HK and
JP. The nomenclature follows mainly Kotiranta
This study was carried out on the two largest is- et al. (2009), but of the genus Hyphodontia sensu
lands of the national park: Älgö (698 hectares) and lato Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2009). Some recent
Jussarö (134 hectares). Inventories were concen- combinations are according to Miettinen & Larsson
trated in the southern parts of Älgö (48 hectares) (2011), Miettinen et al. (2012) and Spirin et al.
and the western parts of Jussarö (66 hectares). (2013b). The Finnish national red-listing evaluation
Heikki Kotiranta (HK) surveyed and collected of the IUCN red list categories is according to
material during the autumns 1989 and 1990, Panu Kotiranta et al. (2010).
Kunttu (PK) 2010 and Jorma Pennanen (JP) 2012.
Altogether these inventories contained eight days
of field work. RESULTS
The authors PK and JP used the inventory
methods according to Junninen (2009), which is A total of 150 species are listed in Table 1 in
widely used in polypore inventories in the state alphabetic order regardless of their systematic
owned forests. The focus was on rare, red-listed and position. This is ca. 20% of all known species of
old-growth forest indicators. HK sampled extens- these species groups in Finland and ca. 30% of
ively both polypores and corticioids, but PK and JP species found from the hemiboreal oak zone
concentrated more on polypores and collected (section 1b). The list comprises 66 polypores, 83
corticioids only occasionally and selectively (large, corticioids and one wood inhabiting hydnaceous
hydnoid species). PK and JP made most of their species (Mucronella bresadolae). It is a matter of
inventories in the forest stands with the highest taste weather one species belongs to polypores or
volume of dead wood, and generally these were corticioids. For instance Schizopora paradoxa and
Norway spruce, Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, the poroid Trechispora species are here included
dominated forests. in corticioids. The most species-rich genera are
The island of Älgö is located on the northern Phellinus (9 species), Peniophora (7 species),
boundary of the national park (Fig. 1). It is the Postia (7 species), Skeletocutis (5 species) and
largest island of the park with some small lakes, and Trechispora (5 species).
 Checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of the Ekenäs Archipelago National Park, S-Finland 499

Following red-listed species were found: Amy-

locorticium subincarnatum (VU), Skeletocutis
stellae (VU), Aporpium canescens (NT, RT),
Fomitopsis rosea (NT, RT), Onnia tomentosa (NT),
Phlebia centrifuga (NT, RT), Sidera lenis (NT, RT)
and Skeletocutis odora (NT, RT). All these species
grow almost solely in old-growth forests, and
nowadays their survival is dependent on protected
areas.
The list of species contains three virgin forest
indicators (VFI) and 11 old-growth forest indicators
(OFI) of pine and spruce dominated forests (Table
1). According to the classification of old-growth Figure 1. Location of the study islands: Ekenäs Archipe-
forest indicators by Kotiranta & Niemelä (1996) lago National Park, Southern Finland.
these two forest areas reach 13 points for spruce
dominated forests and 10 points for pine dominated
forests.

DISCUSSION

The number of species (150) found in the

Ekenäs Archipelago National Park is an expected
number of species in Southern Finland if compared
to the consumed time and studied area (ca. 10% of
the whole land area of the national park). It is well
known that fungi do not fruit every year (Straatsma
et al., 2001) and species occupying narrow ecolo-
gical niches may have been overlooked (Juutil-
ainen et al., 2011). So, many more species could
be found with more intensive field work, because
the forests of the national park offer wide range of Figure 2. Mixed forest near the shore on the island of Älgö.
tree species, diversity of habitats and high volume
of dead wood. Especially the corticioids are under-
represented in this material and quite common
species, like Amphinema byssoides (Pers.: Fr.) J.
Eriksson, are lacking from our list. For example,
from the near-situated Archipelago Sea National
Park 303 polypores and corticioids were listed
(Kunttu et al., 2015).
We studied quite little barren and rocky Scots
pine dominated forest habitats and therefore some
specialist species living in kelo trees have not been
found in our study. Kelos are dead and old age
trunks of Scots pine, and their surface is grey, hard
and decorticated. Scots pine can become kelo tree
mainly on dry and barren forest habitats (Leikola,
1969; Niemelä et al., 2002). It is known that kelo
trees sustain specific fungal diversity (Niemelä et
al., 2002). Also a comprehensive inventory of black Figure 3. Old-growth spruce forest on the island of Jussarö.
500 PANU KUNTTU ET ALII

Species and authors Status Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton: Fr.) J. Schröter,

1888
Alutaceodontia alutacea (Fr.) Hjortstam et Datronia mollis (Sommerf.) Donk, 1966
Ryvarden, 2002
Eichleriella deglubens (Berk. et Broome) D.A.
Amylocorticium subincarnatum (Peck) Pouzar, VU Reid, 1970
1959
Exidiopsis calcea (Pers.: Fr.) K. Wells, 1962
Amylostereum chailletii (Pers.) Boidin, 1958
Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., 1849
Amylostereum laevigatum (Fr.) Boidin, 1958
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1881
Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk, 1966
Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. et Schwein.: Fr.) P. NT,RT,
Antrodia sinuosa (Fr.) P. Karsten, 1881 Karsten, 1881 OFI
Antrodia xantha (Fr. : Fr.) Ryvarden, 1973 Galzinia incrustans (Höhn. et Litsch.) Parmasto,
1965
Antrodiella pallescens (Pilát) Niemelä et Mietti-
nen, 2006 Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) G.F. Patouillard,
1887
Antrodiella serpula (P. Karst.) Spirin et Niemelä,
2006 Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis: Fr.) P. Karsten,
1881
Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae (Burt) Boidin et
Gilles, 1989 Globulicium hiemale (Laurila) Hjortstam, 1973
Aporpium canescens (P. Karst.) Bondartsev et Gloeocystidiellum porosum (Berk. et M.A. Curtis)
NT, RT Donk, 1931
Singer, 1944
Asterodon ferruginosus Patouillard, 1894 OFI Gloeophyllum odoratum (Wulfen: Fr.) Imazeki,
1943
Athelia acrospora Jülich, 1972 Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Karsten,
1882
Athelia arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich, 1972
Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.: Fr.) Bresadola, 1912
Athelia epiphylla Persoon, 1822
Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä et Korhonen,
Basidioradulum radula (Fr.) Nobles, 1967 1998
Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1879 Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) Bresadola, 1846
Botryobasidium botryosum (Berk. et M.A. Curtis) Hymenochaete tabacina (Sowerby) Léveillé, 1846
J. Eriksson, 1958
Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Höhn. et Litsch.) Hyphodontia alutaria (Burt) J. Eriksson, 1958
Donk, 1931 Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) J. Eriksson, 1958
Bulbillomyces farinosus (Bres.) Jülich, 1974 Hyphodontia pallidula (Bres.) J. Eriksson, 1958
Byssomerulius corium (Fr.) Parmasto, 1967 Hypochnicium albostramineum (Bres.)
Hallenberg, 1985
Ceraceomyces eludens K.H. Larsson, 1998
Hypochnicium bombycinum (Sommerf. et Fr.)
Ceriporiopsis balaenae Niemelä, 1985 J. Eriksson, 1958
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, 1903 Hypochnicium multiforme (Berk. et Broome)
Hjortstam, 1998
Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Pouzar,
1959 Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pilát, 1942
Cinereomyces lindbladii (Berk.) Jülich, 1982 Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1881
Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotlaba et Pouzar, Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb.: Fr.) P.
1958 Karsten, 1879
Conferticium ochraceum (Fr.: Fr.) Hallenberg, Junghuhnia nitida (Pers.: Fr.) Ryvarden, 1972
1980
Laxitextum bicolor (Pers.: Fr.) Lentz, 1956
Coniophora arida (Fr.) P. Karsten, 1868
Leptoporus mollis (Pers.: Fr.) Quélet, 1886 OFI
Coniophora olivacea (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1879
Coniophora puteana (Schumach.: Fr.) P. Karsten, Leptosporomyces galzinii (Bourdot) Jülich, 1972
1868 Leucogyrophana romellii (Fr.) Ginns, 1978
Corticium roseum Persoon, 1794 Lobulicium occultum K.H. Larsson et Hjortstam,
Cylindrobasidium evolvens (Fr.) Jülich, 1974 1982
Megalocystidium leucoxanthum (Bres.) Boidin,
Cytidia salicina (Fr.) Burt, 1924 1978
 Checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of the Ekenäs Archipelago National Park, S-Finland 501

Meruliopsis taxicola (Pers.: Fr.) Bondartsev, 1959 OFI Postia fragilis (Fr.) Jülich, 1982
Mucronella bresadolae (Quél.) Corner, 1970 Postia leucomallella (Murrill) Jülich, 1982 OFI
Oligoporus rennyi (Berk. et Broome) Donk, 1971 Postia ptychogaster (F. Ludw.) Vesterholt, 1996
Oligoporus sericeomollis (Romell) Bondartsev, OFI Postia stiptica (Pers.: Fr.) Jülich, 1982
1983
Postia tephroleuca (Fr.) Jülich, 1982
Onnia tomentosa (Fr.) P. Karsten, 1889 NT
Pseudotomentella mucidula (P. Karst.)
Peniophora cinerea (Pers.: Fr.) Cooke, 1879 Svrček, 1958
Peniophora incarnata (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1889 Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk, 1971 OFI
Peniophora limitata (Chaillet ex Fr.) Cooke, 1879 Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Karsten,
1881
Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bresadola, 1950
Radulomyces confluens (Fr.: Fr.) M.P. Christensen,
Peniophora pithya (Pers.) J. Eriksson, 1950 1960
Peniophora polygonia (Pers.: Fr.) Bourdot et Resinicium bicolor (Alb. et Schwein.: Fr.)
Galzin, 1928 Parmasto, 1968
Peniophora violaceolivida (Sommerf.) Massee, Resinicium furfuraceum (Bres.) Parmasto, 1968
1890
Rigidoporus populinus (Schumach.: Fr.) Pouzar,
Peniophorella praetermissa (P. Karst.) K.H.
Larsson, 2007 1966
Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.: Fr.) Donk, 1967
Peniophorella pubera (Fr.) P. Karsten, 1889
Scytinostroma odoratum (Fr.) Donk, 1956
Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Patouillard, 1900 OFI
Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk. et M.A. Curtis)
Phanerochaete sanguinea (Fr.) Pouzar , 1973 Donk, 1956
Phanerochaete velutina (DC.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1968 Serpula himantioides (Fr.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1885
Phellinus alni (Bondartsev) Parmasto, 1976 Sidera lenis (P. Karst.) Miettinen, 2011 NT, RT,
VFI
Phellinus cinereus (Niemelä) Parmasto, 1976
Sistotrema sernanderi (Litsch.) Donk, 1956
Phellinus conchatus (Pers.: Fr.) Quélet, 1886
Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotlaba et Pouzar, 1958
Phellinus ferrugineofuscus (P. Karst.) Bourdot, 1932 OFI
Skeletocutis biguttulata (Romell) Niemelä, 1998
Phellinus igniarius (L .: Fr.) Quélet, 1886
Skeletocutis carneogrisea A. David, 1982
Phellinus laevigatus (P. Karst.) Bourdot et Galzin,
1928 Skeletocutis odora (Sacc.) Ginns, 1984 NT,RT,
OFI
Phellinus pini (Brot.: Fr.) A. Ames, 1913 OFI
Skeletocutis stellae (Pilát) Jean Keller, 1979 VU, VFI
Phellinus punctatus (P. Karst.) Pilát, 1942
Spongiporus undosus (Peck) A. David, 1980
Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev
et Borisov, 1953 Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Gray, 1800
Phlebia centrifuga P. Karsten, 1881 NT, Stereum rugosum Pers.: Fr., 1794
RT,VFI
Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schwein.: Fr.)
Phlebia radiata Fr., 1821 Fr., 1838
Phlebia tremellosa (Schrad.: Fr.) Nakasone, 1984 Subulicystidium longisporum (Pat.) Parmasto,
1968
Phlebiella cf. subnites (Bourdot et Galzin)
K.H. Larsson et Hjortstam, 1987 Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen: Fr.) Pilát, 1939
Phlebiella sulphurea (Pers.: Fr.) Ginns et Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilbertson et Ryvarden,
Lefebvre, 1993 1987
Phlebiella tulasnelloidea (Höhn. et Litsch.) Trametes pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Pilát, 1939
Ginns et Lefebvre, 1993
Piloderma fallax (Liberta) Stalpers, 1984 Trametes velutina (Fr.) G. Cunningham, 1965

Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1881

Table 1/1. Aphyllophoroid fungi of the Ekenäs Archipelago
Polyporus brumalis (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., 1818 National Park. Red list status in Finland: VU = Vulnerable,
Postia alni Niemelä et Vampola, 2001 NT = Near Threatened, RT = Regionally Threatened.
Indicator species: VFI = Virgin Forest Indicator, OFI = Old-
Postia caesia (Schrad.: Fr.) P. Karsten, 1881 growth Forest Indicator (continued).
502 KUNTTU ET ALII

Species and authors Status

old-growth forests. Many of these are today
common only in protected areas in northern or
Trechispora cohaerens (Schw.) Jülich et Stalpers, eastern Finland (Renvall, 1995; Lindgren, 2001;
1980
Sippola et al., 2005). It is obvious that the distri-
Trechispora farinacea (Pers.: Fr.) Liberta, 1966 bution of these species has earlier covered almost
Trechispora hymenocystis (Berk. et Broome) the whole Finland, but as a result of forceful
K.H. Larsson, 1994
forestry with large clear-cuttings these species have
Trechispora mollusca (Pers.: Fr.) Liberta, 1974
viable populations nowadays only in the large
Trechispora subsphaerospora (Litsch.) Liberta, protected areas in northern and eastern Finland.
1973
Small old-growth forest fragments are maybe not
Trichaptum abietinum (Pers.: Fr.) Ryvarden, 1972
large enough to preserve the most pretentious
Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (J.C. Schmidt: Fr.)
Kreisel, 1972 virgin forest species. This is especially alarming
Tubulicrinis accedens (Bourdot et Galzin) Donk, since the dispersal ability of many fungal species
1956 with specialised resources and habitat requirements
Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt) Donk, 1960 is weak; it affects the occurrences of these species
Vesiculomyces citrinus (Pers.) E. Hagström, 1977
in fragmented landscapes (Norros et al., 2012) and
therefore colonization of species can be slow after
Vuilleminia comedens (Nees: Fr.) Maire, 1902
disturbance (Kouki et al., 2011). The Finnish
Xylodon asperus (Fr.) Hjortstam et Ryvarden, 2009 southern archipelago is far away from the present
Xylodon brevisetus (P. Karst.) Hjortstam et occurrence sites of these wood-inhabiting fungi
Ryvarden, 2009
with strict habitat requirements related to natural
characteristics of forests and thus the returning of
Table 1/2. Aphyllophoroid fungi of the Ekenäs Archipelago
these species can be a long process.
National Park. Red list status in Finland: VU = Vulnerable,
NT = Near Threatened, RT = Regionally Threatened.
Indicator species: VFI = Virgin Forest Indicator, OFI = Old-
growth Forest Indicator. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland is

alders could reveal more aphyllophoroid species,
thanked for good cooperation in the field work as
therefore that black alder hosts many rare or little
well as the help of The Finnish Border Guard for
collected species in Finland (Kunttu et al., 2011;
transportation to Jussarö. We also thank Sanna-Mari
2012; 2014).
Kunttu for drawing the map.
Based on the indicator points of Jussarö and
Älgö, these are valuable in the view of nature
conservation. Particularly on Jussarö, the spruce
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