izkjafHkd vkdkjksa

dks le>uk

v/;k; 5
5.1 Hkwfedk
vius vkl&ikl ge tks Hkh vkdkj (shapes) ns[krs gSa os oØksa ;k js[kkvksa ls cus gksrs
gSaA ge vius ifjos'k esa dksus] fdukjs] ry] [kqyh oØ vkSj can oØ ns[krs gSaA ge bUgsa
js[kk[kaMksa] dks.kksa] f=kHkqtksa] cgqHkqtksa vkSj o`Ùkksa esa laxfBr djrs gSaA ge ikrs gSa fd ;s
fofHkUu lkbt ;k ekiksa osQ gksrs gSaA vkb,] budh ekiksa dh rqyuk djus dh dqN
fof/;k¡ fodflr djsaA

5-2 js[kk[kaMksa dk ekiuk

geus vusd ckj js[kk[kaMksa dks ns[kk vkSj [khapk gSA ,d f=kHkqt rhu js[kk[kaMksa ls curk gSA
vkSj ,d prqHkqZt pkj js[kk[kaMksa ls curk gSA
,d js[kk[kaM (line segment) ,d js[kk (line) dk ,d fuf'pr Hkkx gksrk gSA blls
js[kk[kaM dks ekiuk laHko gks tkrk gSA izR;sd js[kk[kaM dk ;g eki (measure) ,d
vf}rh; la[;k gS] tks mldh yackbZ (lenghts) dgykrh gSA ge bl vo/kj.kk dks
js[kk[kaMksa dh rqyuk djus esa iz;ksx djrs gSaA
nks js[kk[kaMksa dh rqyuk djus osQ fy,] ge mudh yackb;ksa osQ chp ,d laca/ Kkr djrs
gSaA ,slk vusd fof/;ksa ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(i) ns[kdj rqyuk

osQoy ns[kdj gh D;k vki crk ldrs gSa fd mijksDr esa ls dkSu lk js[kk[kaM cM+k gS\

2017-18
 vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd js[kk[kaM AB cM+k gSA
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

ijarq vki vius lkekU; fu.kZ; osQ ckjs esa lnSo fuf'pr ugha gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
fuEufyf[kr js[kk[kaMksa dks nsf[k, % Integ
bu nksuksa js[kk[kaMksa dh yackb;ksa dk varj bruk Li"V ugha gSA vr%] gesa rqyuk djus dh
vU; fof/;ksa dh vko';drk gSA
okLro esa] layXu vkd`fr esa] AB vkSj PQ dh ,d gh
yackbZ gSA ;g bruk Li"V ugha gSA
blfy, gesa js[kk[kaMksa dh rqyuk djus osQ fy, vkSj vPNh
fof/;ksa dh vko';drk gSA
(ii) vDl }kjk rqyuk

AB vkSj CD dh rqyuk djus osQ fy,] ge ,d vDl dkx”k (tracing paper) dk

iz;ksx djrs gSaA ge vDl dkx”k ij CD dk vDl [khaprs gSa vkSj bl vDl dkx”k ij
cus js[kk[kaM dks AB ij j[krs gSaA
D;k vc vki crk ldrs gSa fd AB vkSj CD esa ls dkSu cM+k gS\
;g fof/ bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd ge js[kk[kaM dk vDl fdruh 'kq¼rk ls [khaprs
gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] ;fn vkidks fdlh vkSj js[kk[kaM ls rqyuk djuh gks] rks ml vU;
js[kk[kaM dk Hkh vDl [khapuk iMs+xkA ;g dfBu gS] D;ksafd tc js[kk[kaMksa dh rqyuk djuh
gks] rks vki lnSo js[kk[kaM dk vDl gh ugha [khaprs jgsaxsA
(iii) :yj vkSj fMokMj }kjk rqyuk
D;k vki vius T;kfefr cDl esa j[kh oLrqvksa dks igpkurs gSa\ vU;
oLrqvksa osQ vfrfjDr buesa ,d :yj (ruler) vkSj ,d fMokbMj Hkh gSA

:yj fMokbMj
è;ku nhft, fd :yj ij fpg~u fdl izdkj vafdr gSaA ;g 15 cjkcj
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA izR;sd Hkkx dh yackbZ 1 lseh gSA 95

2017-18
xf.kr

buesa ls izR;sd Hkkx dks vkxs vkSj mifoHkkftr (sub divide) fd;k x;k gSA oSQls\ bl
izdkj mifoHkkftr izR;sd Hkkx dh yackbZ D;k gS\
izR;sd lsaVhehVj dks nl cjkcj Hkkxksa esas mifoHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA 1 lseh dk izR;sd
mifoHkkftr Hkkx 1 feeh gSA
fdrus feyhehVjksa ls ,d lsaVhehVj curk gS\ 1 feeh 0-1 lseh gksrk gS]
1 lseh = 10 feeh gksrk gS rks ge 2 lseh vkSj 3 feeh 2 feeh 0-2 lseh gksrk gS]
dks oSQls fy[ksaxs\ 7-7 lseh dk D;k vFkZ gS\ bR;kfn 2-3 lseh dk vFkZ
gksxk 2 lseh vkSj 3 feeh
eku yhft, js[kk[kaM AB dh yackbZ ekiuh gSA :yj osQ
'kwU; fpg~u dks A ij jf[k,A B osQ lEeq[k fpg~u dks :yj ij if<+,A blls js[kk[kaM AB dh
A
. .B

yackbZ Kkr gks tk,xhA eku yhft, ;g yackbZ 5-8 lseh gSA ge bls yackbZ AB = 5.8 lseh fy[k
ldrs gSa ;k osQoy AB = 5.8 lseh fy[k ldrs gSAa
bl izfØ;k esa Hkh =kqfV dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA :yj dh eksVkbZ osQ dkj.k ml ij vafdr
fpg~uksa dks i<+us esa dfBukbZ gks ldrh gSA
lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k,
1- vU; dkSu&lh =kqfV;k¡ vkSj dfBukb;k¡ gekjs lEeq[k vk ldrh gSa\
2- ;fn :yj ij vafdr fpg~uksa dks Bhd izdkj ls u i<+k tk,] rks fdl izdkj dh =kqfV;k¡
gks ldrh gSa\ buls oSQls cpk tk ldrk gS\
vk¡[k dh
vk¡[k dh lgh fLFkfr
vk¡[k dh fLFkfr osQ dkj.k =kqfV
xyr fLFkfr xyr fLFkfr lgh eki ysus osQ fy, vk¡[k dh fLFkfr lgh gksuh
pkfg,A vk¡[k dks fpg~u osQ Bhd Åij j[kk tk,A
vU;Fkk frjNk ns[kus ij =kqfV gks ldrh gSA
oLrq ftls ekiuk gSA

D;k ge bl leL;k ls cp ldrs gSa\ D;k blls vkSj dksbZ vPNh fof/ gS\ vkb,] yackbZ
ekius osQ fy, fMokbMj (divider) dk iz;ksx djsaA
fMokbMj dks [kksfy,A bldh ,d Hkqtk osQ varfcanq dks A ij jf[k, vkSj nwljh Hkqtk osQ
varfcanq dks B ij jf[k,A bl iQSyko esa fcuk dksbZ ifjorZu fd,] fMokbMj dks :yj ij
bl izdkj jf[k, fd ,d varfcanq :yj osQ 'kwU; fpg~u ij jgsA vc nwljs varfcanq osQ lEeq[k
96 fpg~u dks if<+,A ;gh js[kk[kaM AB dh yackbZ gS (uhps nh vko`Qfr nsf[k,)A

2017-18
 Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

Integ
iz;kl dhft,
1- ,d iksLVdkMZ yhft,A mijksDr rduhd dk iz;ksx djosQ] bldh nks vklUu
Hkqtkvksa dks ekfi,A
2- dksbZ rhu oLrq,¡ pqfu, ftuosQ Åijh fljs likV gksaA fMokbMj vkSj :yj dk
iz;ksx djrs gq,] bu Åijh fljksa dh lHkh Hkqtkvksa dks ekfi,A

iz'ukoyh 5-1

1- js[kk[kaM dh rqyuk osQoy ns[kdj djus ls D;k gkfu gS\

2- ,d js[kk[kaM dh yackbZ ekius osQ fy, :yj dh vis{kk fMokbMj dk iz;ksx djuk D;ksa
vf/d vPNk gS\
3- dksbZ js[kk[kaM AB [khafp,A A vkSj B osQ chp fLFkr dksbZ fcanq C yhft,A AB, BC vkSj
CA dh yackbZ ekfi,A D;k AB = AC + CB gS\
(fVIi.kh % ;fn fdlh js[kk ij fcanq A, B, C bl izdkj fLFkr gksa fd AC + CB = AB
gS] rks fuf'pr :i ls fcanq C fcanq A vkSj B osQ chp fLFkr gksrk gSA)
4- ,d js[kk ij fcanq A, B vkSj C bl izdkj fLFkr gSa fd AB = 5 lseh] BC = 3 lseh vkSj
AC = 8 lseh gSA buesa ls dkSu&lk fcanq vU; nksuksa fcanqvksa osQ chp fLFkr gS\
5- tk¡p dhft, fd layXu vko`Qfr esa D js[kk[kaM
AG dk eè;&fcanq gSA
6- B js[kk[kaM AC dk eè;&fcanq gS vkSj C js[kk[kaM BD dk eè; fcanq gS] tgk¡ A, B, C
vkSj D ,d gh js[kk ij fLFkr gSaA crkb, fd AB = CD D;ksa gSA
7- ik¡p f=kHkqt [khafp, vkSj mudh Hkqtkvksa dks ekfi,A izR;sd fLFkfr esa tk¡p dhft, fd
fdUgha nks Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;ksa dk ;ksx rhljh Hkqtk dh yackbZ ls lnSo cM+k gSA

5-3 dks.kµ^ledks.k* vkSj ^½tqdks.k*

vkius Hkwxksy (Geography) esa fn'kkvksa osQ ckjs esa lquk gSA ge tkurs gSa fd phu Hkkjr osQ
mÙkj esa vkSj Jhyadk nf{k.k esa gSA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd lw;Z iwoZ esa mn; gksrk gS vkSj
if'pe esa Mwcrk gSA dqy feykdj pkj fn'kk,¡ gSaA 97

2017-18
xf.kr

;s gSa % mÙkj (North) (N), nf{k.k (South) (S), iwoZ (East) (E) vkSj if'pe (West)(W)A
D;k vki tkurs gSa fd mÙkj osQ foijhr dkSu&lh fn'kk gS\
if'pe osQ foijhr dkSu&lh fn'kk gS\
vki igys ls tks tkurs gSa mls ;kn dhft,A vc ge bl Kku dk iz;ksx dks.kksa osQ dqN
xq.kksa dks lh[kus esa djsaxsA

bUgsa dhft,
mÙkj dh vksj eq¡g djosQ [kMs+ gksb,A
?kM+h dh fn'kk (nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk) (clock-wise) esa iwoZ dh
vksj ?kwe tkb,A
vki ,d ledks.k (right angle) osQ cjkcj ?kwe x, gSaA
?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ,d ledks.k vkSj ?kwfe,A vc vki nf{k.k
dh vksj eq¡g djosQ [kMs+ gSaA
;fn vki ?kM+h dh foijhr fn'kk (okekorZ fn'kk) (anti
clock-wise) esa ,d ledks.k ?kwe tk,¡] rks vkidk eq¡g fdl fn'kk esa gksxk\ ;g iqu% iwoZ
gS (D;ksa\)
fuEufyf[kr fLFkfr;ksa dks nsf[k, %

vki mÙkj dh vksj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ,d ,d vU; ledks.k ?kweus ij

eq¡g fd, [kMs+ gSa ledks.k ?kweus ij vc vki var esa nf{k.k dh vksj eq¡g
iwoZ dh vksj eqg¡ fd, fd, [kMs+ gSa
[kM+s gSa

mÙkj dh vksj eq¡g gksus ls nf{k.k dh vksj eq¡g gksus rd ?kweus esa] vki nks ledks.k ?kwe
x, gSaA D;k ;g nks ledks.kksa osQ ,d ?kw.kZu osQ cjkcj ugha gS\
mÙkj ls iwoZ rd dk ?kweuk (?kw.kZu) ,d ledks.k osQ cjkcj
?kweuk gSA
mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd dk ?kweuk nks ledks.kksa osQ cjkcj ?kweuk gSA
bls ,d ½tqdks.k (straight angle) dgrs gSaA NS ,d
98 lh/h js[kk gSA
nf{k.k dh vksj eq¡g djosQ [kMs+ gksb,A

2017-18
 ,d ½tqdks.k osQ cjkcj ?kwfe,A
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

vc vki fdl fn'kk esa eq¡g fd, [kMs+ gSa\

vki mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj eq¡g fd, [kMs+ gSaA
mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd ?kweus osQ fy, vki ,d ½tqdks.k osQ cjkcj
Integ
?kwes gSaA iqu% nf{k.k ls mÙkj rd vkus esa vki ,d ½tqdks.k osQ
cjkcj ?kwes gSaA bl izdkj] nks ½tqdks.kksa osQ cjkcj mlh fn'kk esa
?kweus ij vki izkjafHkd fLFkfr esa vk tkrs gSaA
lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k, %
vki viuh izkjafHkd fLFkfr rd vkus osQ fy,] ,d gh fn'kk esa
fdrus ledks.k ?kwesaxs\
,d gh fn'kk esa nks ½tqdks.k (;k pkj ledks.k) ?kweus ij ,d
pDdj iwjk gks tkrk gSA ;g ,d iwjk pDdj ,d ?kw.kZu dgykrk gSA
,d ?kw.kZu osQ fy, dks.k ,d laiw.kZ dks.k (complete angle)
dgykrk gSA
ge bu ?kw.kZuksa (revolutions) dks ,d ?kM+h ij ns[k ldrs gSaA tc ?kM+h dh ,d lqbZ
,d LFkku ls vU; LFkku ij ig¡qprh gS] rks og ,d dks.k (angle) ij ?kwe tkrh gSA
eku yhft, ?kM+h dh ,d lqbZ 12 ls pyuk izkjaHk djosQ ?kwerh gqbZ 12 ij iqu% ig¡qp
tkrh gSA D;k mlus ,d ?kw.kZu iwjk ugha dj fy;k gS\ vr% mlus fdrus ledks.k ?kwe fy,
gSa\ bu mnkgj.kksa (vko`Qfr;ksa) dks nsf[k, %

12 ls 6 rd 6 ls 9 rd 1 ls 10 rd
1 1 3
,d ?kw.kZu dk 2
,d ?kw.kZu dk 4
,d ?kw.kZu dk 4
;k 2 ledks.k ;k 1 ledks.k ;k 3 ledks.k
iz;kl dhft,
1- vk/s ?kw.kZu osQ fy, dks.k dk uke D;k gS\
2- ,d&pkSFkkbZ ?kw.kZu osQ fy, dks.k dk uke D;k gS\
3- ,d ?kM+h ij vk/s ?kw.kZu] ,d pkSFkkbZ ?kw.kZu vkSj rhu&pkSFkkbZ ?kw.kZu osQ fy, ik¡p
vU; fLFkfr;k¡ nhft,A
99
è;ku nhft, fd rhu&pkSFkkbZ ?kw.kZu osQ fy, dks.k dk dksbZ fo'ks"k uke ugha gSA

2017-18
xf.kr

iz'ukoyh 5-2
1- ?kM+h dh ?kaVs okyh lqbZ ,d ?kw.kZu osQ fdruh fHkUu ?kwe tkrh gS] tc og
(a) 3 ls 9 rd igq¡prh gS\ (b) 4 ls 7 rd igq¡prh gS\
(c) 7 ls 10 rd igq¡prh gS\ (d) 12 ls 9 rd igq¡prh gS\
(e) 1 ls 10 rd igq¡prh gS\ (f) 6 ls 3 rd igq¡prh gS\
2- ,d ?kM+h dh lqbZ dgk¡ #d tk,xh] ;fn og
1
(a) 12 ls izkjaHk djs vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kw.kZu djs\
2
1
(b) 2 ls izkjaHk djs vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kw.kZu djs\
2
1
(c) 5 ls izkjaHk djs vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kw.kZu djs\
4
3
(d) 5 ls izkjaHk djs vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kw.kZu djs\
4
3. vki fdl fn'kk esa ns[k jgs gksaxs ;fn vki izkjaHk esa
1
(a) iwoZ dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kw.kZu djsa\
2
1
(b) iwoZ dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa 1 ?kw.kZu djsa\
2
3
(c) if'pe dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh foijhr fn'kk esa
4
?kw.kZu djsa\
(d) nf{k.k dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ,d ?kw.kZu djsa\
(D;k bl vafre iz'u osQ fy,] gesa ?kM+h dh fn'kk ;k ?kM+h dh foijhr fn'kk dh ckr
djuh pkfg,\ D;ksa ugha\
4- vki ,d ?kw.kZu dk fdruk Hkkx ?kwe tk,¡xs] ;fn vki
(a) iwoZ dh vksj eq[k fd, [kM+s gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kwedj mÙkj dh vksj eq[k dj ys\a
(b) nf{k.k dh vksj eq[k fd, [kM+s gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kwedj iwoZ dh vksj eq[k dj ys\a
(c) if'pe dh vksj eq[k fd, [kMs+ gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa ?kwedj iwoZ dh vksj eq[k
dj ysa\
5- ?kM+h dh ?kaVs dh lqbZ }kjk ?kwes x, ledks.kksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,] tc og
(a) 3 ls 6 rd igq¡prh gSA (b) 2 ls 8 rd igq¡prh gSA
(c) 5 ls 11 rd igq¡prh gSA (d) 10 ls 1 rd igq¡prh gSA
100
(e) 12 ls 9 rd igq¡prh gSA (f) 12 ls 6 rd igq¡prh gSA

2017-18
6- vki fdrus ledks.k ?kwe tk,¡xs] ;fn vki izkjaHk esa
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

(a) nf{k.k dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa if'pe dh vksj ?kwe tk,¡\
(b) mÙkj dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj ?kM+h dh foijhr (okekorZ) fn'kk esa iwoZ dh
vksj ?kwe tk,¡\
Integ
(c) if'pe dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj if'pe dh vksj ?kwe tk,¡\
(d) nf{k.k dh vksj ns[k jgs gksa vkSj mÙkj dh vksj ?kwe tk,¡\
7- ?kM+h dh ?kaVs okyh lqbZ dgk¡ #osQxh] ;fn og izkjaHk djs
(a) 6 ls vkSj 1 ledks.k ?kwe tk,\
(b) 8 ls vkSj 2 ledks.k ?kwe tk,\
(c) 10 ls vkSj 3 ledks.k ?kwe tk,\
(d) 7 ls vkSj 2 ½tqdks.k ?kwe tk,\

5-4 dks.kµ^U;wu*] ^vf/d* vkSj ^izfrorhZ*

geus ns[kk fd ,d ledks.k vkSj ,d ½tqdks.k dk
D;k vFkZ gSA ijarq tks dks.k gesa ns[kus dks feyrs gSa os
lnSo bu nksuksa izdkjksa osQ gh ugha gksrs gSaA ,d lh<+h
}kjk nhokj ls (;k iQ'kZ ls) cuk;k x;k dks.k u rks
ledks.k gS vkSj u gh ½tqdks.k gSA

lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k,

D;k dqN ,sls dks.k gSa tks ledks.k ls NksVs gSa\
D;k dqN ,sls dks.k gSa tks ledks.k ls cM+s gSa\
D;k vkius c<+bZ dk oxZ ns[kk gS\ ;g vaxszTk+ h o.kZekyk osQ v{kj
‘L’ tSlk gksrk gSA og blls ledks.kksa dh tk¡p djrk gSA vkb,] ge Hkh
ledks.kksa dh tk¡p osQ fy, blh izdkj osQ ^VsLVj* (tester) dks cuk,¡A
bUgsa dhft,

pj.k 1 pj.k 2 pj.k 3

dkx”k dk ,d VqdM+k yhft, bls chp ls eksfM+, lh/s fdukjs ij iqu% eksfM+,A
vkidk VsLVj rS;kj gSA
vius }kjk ^cuk, x,* ledks.k VsLVj dks nsf[k, (D;k ge bls RA VsLVj dgsa\) D;k 101
bldk ,d fdukjk nwljs ij lh/k [kM+k gS\

2017-18
xf.kr

eku yhft, dksuksa okyk dksbZ vkdkj fn;k gqvk gSA vki blosQ dksuksa ij cus dks.kksa dh
tk¡p RA VsLVj }kjk dj ldrs gSaA
D;k blosQ fdukjs ,d dkx”k osQ dks.kksa ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\ ;fn gk¡] rks ;g ,d ledks.k
n'kkZrk gSA
iz;kl dhft,
1- ?kM+h dh ?kaVs okyh lqbZ 12 ls 5 rd pyrh gSA D;k bldk
?kw.kZu 1 ledks.k ls vf/d gS\

2- ?kM+h ij ;g dks.k oSQlk fn[krk gS\ ?kM+h dh ?kaVs okyh lqbZ

5 ls 7 rd pyrh gSA D;k bl lqbZ }kjk ?kwek x;k dks.k 1
ledks.k ls vf/d gS\

3- ?kM+h ij lqb;ksa dh fLFkfr fuEu izdkj cukdj dks.kksa dh tk¡p RA VsLVj }kjk dhft,A
(a) 12 ls 2 rd tkuk
(b) 6 ls 7 rd tkuk
(c) 4 ls 8 rd tkuk
(d) 2 ls 5 rd tkuk
4- dksus okys ik¡p fHkUu&fHkUu vkdkj yhft,A dksuksa osQ uke fyf[k,A vius VsLVj
}kjk bu dks.kksa dh tk¡p dhft, vkSj izR;sd fLFkfr osQ ifj.kke dks ,d lkj.kh
osQ :i esa fuEu izdkj fyf[k, %
dksus ls NksVk ls cM+k

A ............. .............
B ............. .............
C ............. .............
........

102

2017-18
vU; uke
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

l ledks.k ls NksVk dks.k U;wudks.k (acute augle) dgykrk gSA ;s dks.k U;wu
dks.k gSa % Integ
Nr dk Åijh fljk lh&lkW (see-saw) iqLrd [kksyuk
D;k vki ns[k jgs gSa fd buesa ls izR;sd ,d ?kw.kZu osQ ,d&pkSFkkbZ ls NksVk gS\ vius
RA VsLVj ls budh tk¡p dhft,A
l ;fn dksbZ dks.k ,d ledks.k ls cM+k vkSj ,d ½tqdks.k ls NksVk gS] rks og ,d
vfèkd dks.k (obtuse angle) dgykrk gSA
;s dks.k vf/d dks.k gSa %

?kj iqLrd i<+us dh MsLd

1 1
D;k vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd buesa ls izR;sd 4 ?kw.kZu ls vf/d gS vkSj 2 ?kw.kZu ls
de gS\ bldh tk¡p djus esa vkidk RA VsLVj lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA
fiNys mnkgj.kksa esa Hkh vf/d dks.kksa dh igpku dhft,A
l ,d izfrorhZ dks.k (reflex angle) ,d ½tqdks.k ls cM+k gksrk gS vkSj ,d laiw.kZ
dks.k ls NksVk gksrk gSA ;g bl vko`Qfr esa n'kkZ, izdkj dk gksrk gS (?kM+h ij dks.k
dks nsf[k,)A vkius tks blls igys vko``Qfr;k¡ cukbZ Fkha] D;k muesa izfrorhZ dks.k cus
Fks\ vki budh tk¡p fdl izdkj djsaxs\

103

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iz;kl dhft,
1- vki vius vkl&ikl nsf[k, vkSj dksuksa ij feyus okys fdukjksa dks igpkfu,] tks
dks.k cuk jgs gksaA ,slh nl fLFkfr;k¡ fyf[k,A
2- ,slh nl fLFkfr;k¡ fyf[k,] tgk¡ U;wudks.k cu jgs gksaA
3- ,slh nl fLFkfr;k¡ fyf[k,] tgk¡ ledks.k cu jgs gksaA
4- ,slh ik¡p fLFkfr;k¡ fyf[k,] tgk¡ vf/d dks.k cu jgs gksaA
5- ,slh ik¡p fLFkfr;k¡ fyf[k,] tgk¡ izfrorhZ dks.k cu jgs gksaA

iz'ukoyh 5-3
1- fuEu dks lqesfyr (match) dhft, %
1
(i) ½tqdks.k (a) ?kw.kZu ls de
4
1
(ii) ledks.k (b) ?kw.kZu ls vf/d
2
1
(iii) U;wu dks.k (c) ?kw.kZu
2
1
(iv) vf/d dks.k (d) ?kw.kZu
4
1 1
(v) izfrorhZ dks.k (e) ?kw.kZu vkSj ?kw.kZu osQ chp esa
4 2
(f) ,d iwjk ;k laiw.kZ ?kw.kZu
2- fuEu esa ls izR;sd dks.k dks ledks.k] ½tqdks.k] U;wudks.k] vf/d dks.k ;k
izfrorhZ dks.k osQ :i esa oxhZo`Qr dhft, %

104

2017-18
5-5 dks.kksa dk ekiu
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

vius cuk, x, ‘RA VsLVj* dh lgk;rk ls] geus dks.kksa dh ledks.k ls rqyuk dhA blls
ge dks.kksa dks U;wu dks.k] vfèkd dks.k vkSj izfrorhZ dks.kksa esa oxhZo`Qr djus esa Hkh leFkZ
gks x, FksA
Integ
ijarq blls dks.kksa dh ifj'kq¼rk dh rqyuk ugha gks ikrh gSA blls ;g irk ugha yxrk fd
fn, gq, nks vf/d dks.kksa esa dkSu cM+k gSA blfy,] dks.kksa dh rqyuk vf/d ifj'kq¼rk ls
djus osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd mUgsa ^eki* fy;k tk,A ,slk ge ,d pk¡ns
(protractor) dh lgk;rk ls dj ldrs gSaA
dks.k dk eki
ge viuh bl eki dks fMxjh eki (va'k eki) (degree measure) dgrs gSaA ,d laiw.kZ
?kw.kZu dks 360 cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd Hkkx ,d va'k (degree)
dgykrk gSA ge rhu lkS lkB va'k dgus osQ fy, 360o fy[krs gSaA
lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k,
1
?kw.kZu esa fdruh fMxjh gSa\ 1 ledks.k esa fdruh fMxjh gSa\
2
1 ½tqdks.k esa fdruh fMxjh (va'k) gSa\ fdrus ledks.kksa ls 180o curs gSa\ fdrus
ledks.kksa ls 360o curs gSa\
bUgsa dhft,

1- ,d pwM+h dh lgk;rk ls ,d&,d o`Ùkkdkj vkÑfr cukb, ;k

blh eku dh ,d o`Ùkkdkj 'khV yhft,A

2- bls nks ckj eksfM+, ftlls n'kkZbZ xbZ vkÑfr izkIr

gksA bls ,d prqFkk±'k (quadrant) dgrs gSaA

3- bls [kksy yhft,A vkidks ,d v/Zo`Ùk izkIr gksxkA ftlosQ

chp esa ,d eksM+ dk fu'kku gSA
105

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4- bl o`Ùk dks eksM+dj prqFkk±'k cuk yhft,A bl

prqFkk±'k dks ,d ckj iqu% eksM+dj n'kkZbZ gqbZ
vkÑfr izkIr dhft,A vc dks.k 90° dk vk/k]
vFkkZr~ 45° gSA
vk/kj js[kk
5- vc bls [kksy yhft,A nksuksa vksj ,d&,d eksM+
dk fu'kku fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA vk/kj js[kk dh ckb± vksj okys
igys eksM+ osQ fu'kku ij 45° fyf[k,A

6- nwljh vksj okys eksM+ osQ fu'kku ij 90° + 45° = 135° fy[kk
tk,xkA

7- dkxT+k dks vc 45° rd (prqFkk±'k osQ vkèks) eksfM+,A

vc bldk vk/k dhft,A vk/kj js[kk osQ ckb± vksj okyk
igyk eksM+ dk fu'kku 45° dk vkèkk] vFkkZr~ 22½°
n'kkZ,xkA 135° osQ ckb± vksj dk dks.k 157½° gSA
pk¡nk
vkiosQ T;kfefr cDl esa vkidks pk¡nk cuk cuk;k fey tk,xkA blosQ oØh; fdukjs (edge)
dks 180 cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA izR;sd Hkkx ,d va'k (fMxjh)
(degree) dgykrk gSA bl ij fpg~u nkbZa vksj ls izkjaHk djosQ ckbZa vksj rd 0o ls 180o
rd yxs gksrs gSaA

eku yhft, vki dksbZ dks.k ABC dks ekiuk pkgrs gSaA

106
∠ ABC fn;k gS ∠ ABC dk ekiuk

2017-18
 Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

1- pk¡ns dks bl izdkj jf[k, fd blosQ lh/s fdukjs dk eè;&fcanq (vko`Qfr esa M) dks.k
osQ 'kh"kZ B ij fLFkr gksA
2- pk¡ns dks bl izdkj lek;ksftr dhft, fd fdj.k BC bl lh/s fdukjs osQ vuqfn'k jgsA
3- pk¡ns ij nks ^LosQy* (scale) gSa % og LosQy if<+, ftlls fdj.k BC fpg~u 0 ls fey
o
Integ
jgh gSA
4- oØh; fdukjs ij fdj.k AB }kjk nf'kZr fpg~u dks.k dk va'kh; eki (degree
measure) Kkr djkrk gSA
vko`Qfr esa ;g 40o gSA
ge bls m ∠ ABC = 40o ;k osQoy ∠ ABC = 40° fy[krs gSaA

iz'ukoyh 5-4
1- fuEu osQ D;k eki gSa %
(i) ,d ledks.k\ (ii) ,d ½tqdks.k\
2- crkb, lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) %
(a) ,d U;wu dks.k dk eki < 90o gSA
(b) ,d vf/d dks.k dk eki < 90o gSA
(c) ,d izfrorhZ dks.k dk eki < 180o gSA
(d) ,d laiw.kZ ?kw.kZu dk eki = 360o gSA
(e) ;fn m∠A = 53° vkSj m < B = 35° gS] rks m ∠ A > m ∠ B gSA
3- fuEu osQ eki fyf[k, %
(a) dqN U;wu dks.k
(b) dqN vf/d dks.k
(izR;sd osQ nks mnkgj.k nhft,A)
4- fuEu dks.kksa dks pk¡ns ls ekfi, vkSj muosQ eki fyf[k, %

107

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5- fdl dks.k dk eki cM+k gS\

igys vkdyu (estimate) dhft, vkSj fiQj ekfi,A

dks.k A dk eki =

dks.k B dk eki =

6- fuEu nks dks.kksa esa ls fdl dks.k dk eki

cM+k gS\ igys vkdyu dhft, vkSj fiQj
ekiu }kjk iqf"V dhft,A

7- U;wu dks.k] vf/d dks.k] ledks.k ;k ½tqdks.k ls fjDr LFkkuksa dks Hkfj, %
(a) og dks.k] ftldk eki ,d ledks.k osQ eki ls de gS] ------------------------ gksrk gSA
(b) og dks.k] ftldk eki ,d ledks.k osQ eki ls vf/d gks] ------------------- gksrk gSA
(c) og dks.k ftldk eki nks ledks.kksa osQ ;ksx osQ cjkcj gS -------------------- gksrk gSA
(d) ;fn nks dks.kksa osQ ekiksa dk ;ksx ledks.k osQ eki osQ cjkcj gS] rks izR;sd
dks.k ------------- gksrk gSA
(e) ;fn nks dks.kksa osQ ekiksa dk ;ksx ,d ½tqdks.k osQ eki osQ cjkcj gS] vkSj buesa
ls ,d dks.k U;wu dks.k gS] rks nwljk dks.k -------------------- gksuk pkfg,A
8- uhps nh vko`Qfr esa fn, izR;sd dks.k dk eki Kkr dhft, (igys ns[kdj vkdyu
dhft, vkSj fiQj pk¡ns ls ekfi,A ) %

108

2017-18
9- uhps nh izR;sd vkd`fr esa ?kM+h dh lqb;ksa osQ chp osQ dks.k dk eki Kkr dhft, %
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

Integ
izkr% 9% 00 nksigj 1% 00 lk;a 6% 00
10- [kkst dhft, %
nh gqbZ vko`Qfr esa pk¡nk 30o n'kkZ jgk gSA blh vko`Qfr
dks ,d vko/Zu 'kh'ks (magnifying glass) }kjk nsf[k,A
D;k ;g dks.k cM+k gks tkrk gS\
D;k dks.k dk eki cM+k gks tkrk gS\
11- ekfi, vkSj izR;sd dks.k dks oxhZo`Qr dhft, %

dks.k ∠AOB ∠AOC ∠BOC ∠DOC ∠DOA ∠DOB

eki
çdkj
5-6 yac js[kk,¡
;fn nks js[kk,¡ ijLij izfrPNsn djsa vkSj muosQ chp dk dks.k ,d ledks.k gks] rks os js[kk,¡
,d nwljs ij yac (perpendicular) js[kk,¡ dgykrh gSaA ;fn ,d js[kk AB js[kk CD ij
yac gS] rks bls AB ⊥ CD fy[krs gSaA
lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k,
;fn AB ⊥ CD gS] rks gesa D;k ;g Hkh dguk pkfg, fd CD ⊥ AB gS\
gekjs vkl&ikl yac js[kk,¡!
vki vius vkl&ikl dh oLrqvksa esa ls yac js[kkvksa (;k js[kk[kaMksa) osQ vusd mnkgj.k
ns ldrs gSaA vaxzsT+kh o.kZekyk dk v{kj T buesa ls ,d gSA D;k dksbZ vkSj v{kj Hkh gS] tks 109
yacksa dk mnkgj.k gS\

2017-18
xf.kr

,d iksLVdkMZ dks yhft,A D;k blosQ fdukjs ijLij yac

gSa\ eku yhft,A MN fcanq M ls gksdj tkus okyh js[kk[kaM
AB ij dksbZ js[kk yac gSA D;k js[kk MN js[kk[kaM AB dks nks
cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrh gSa\
D;k MN js[kk[kaM AB ij yac gS\
bl izdkj] MN js[kk[kaM AB dks lef}Hkkftr djrh gS
(vFkkZr~ nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrh gS) vkSj ml ij yac Hkh gSA
blfy,] ge dgrs gSa fd js[kk MN js[kk[kaM AB dk yac lef}Hkktd (perpendicular
bisector) gSA
bldh jpuk djuk vki ckn esa lh[ksaxsA

iz'ukoyh 5-5
1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu yac js[kkvksa osQ mnkgj.k gSa\
(a) esT+k osQ Åijh fljs dh vklUu Hkqtk,¡
(b) jsy iFk dh iVfj;k¡
(c) v{kj L cukus okys js[kk[kaM
(d) v{kj V cukus okys js[kk[kaM
2- eku yhft, js[kk[kaM PQ js[kk[kaM XY ij yac gSA eku yhft, ;s ijLij fcanq A ij
izfrPNsn djrs gSaA ∠ PAY dh eki D;k gS\
3- vkios Q T;kfefr cDl es a nks ls V LDos ; j gS a A buos Q dks u ks a ij cus dks . kks a os Q
eki D;k gSa\ D;k buesa dksbZ ,slh eki gS tks nksuksa esa mHk;fu"B gS\
4- bl vkd`fr dks è;ku ls nsf[k,A js[kk l js[kk m ij yac gSA

(a) D;k CE = EG gS\

(b) D;k js[kk PE js[kk[kaM CG dks lef}Hkkftr djrh gS\
(c) dksbZ nks js[kk[kaMksa osQ uke fyf[k, ftuosQ fy, PE yac lef}Hkktd gSA
(d) D;k fuEufyf[kr lR; gSa\
(i) AC > FG
110 (ii) CD = GH
(iii) BC < EH

2017-18
5-7 f=kHkqtksa dk oxhZdj.k
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

D;k vkidks lcls de Hkqtkvksa okys cgqHkqt osQ ckjs esa ;kn gS\ ;g ,d f=kHkqt (triangle)
gSA vkb,] fofHkUu izdkj osQ tks f=kHkqt gks ldrs gSa] mUgas ns[ksaA Integ
bUgsa dhft,
vkb,] uhps fn, gq, f=kHkqtksa osQ dks.kksa vkSj Hkqtkvksa dks Øe'k% pk¡ns vkSj :yj ls ekisaA
nh gqbZ lkj.kh esa budh ekiksa dks Hkfj, %

f=kHkqt ds dks.kksa dh eki vki dks.kksa ds ckjs esa f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa

D;k dg ldrs gSa\ dh eki
(a) ...600..., ....600.., ....600....., lHkh dks.k cjkcj gSa
(b) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(c) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(d) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(e) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(f) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(g) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k .......,
(h) ................, ......., ..............., ....... dks.k ......., 111

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xf.kr

mijksDr dks.k] f=kHkqt vkSj mudh Hkqtkvksa dh ekiksa dks è;kuiwoZd nsf[k,A D;k buosQ ckjs
esa dksbZ ckr dgh tk ldrh gS\
vki D;k izkIr djrs gSa\
l f=kHkqt ftuosQ lHkh dks.k cjkcj gSaA

;fn fdlh f=kHkqt osQ lHkh dks.k cjkcj gSa] rks bldh Hkqtk,¡ Hkh ............. gSaA
l f=kHkqt ftuesa lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gSaA
;fn ,d f=kHkqt dh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gSa] rks mlosQ dks.k Hkh ............. gSaA
l f=kHkqt ftuesa nks dks.k cjkcj gSa vkSj nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gSaA ;fn fdlh f=kHkqt dh nks
Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gSa] rks mlosQ .............dks.k cjkcj gksrs gSaA
l f=kHkqt ftuesa dksbZ Hkh nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj ugha gSaA ;fn fdlh f=kHkqt osQ dksbZ Hkh nks dks.k
cjkcj ugha gSa] rks mldh dksbZ Hkh nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj ugha gksrh gSaA ;fn fdlh f=kHkqt
dh rhuksa Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj ugha gSa] rks mlosQ rhuksa dks.k Hkh ............. ugha gSaA
dqN vkSj f=kHkqt yhft, vkSj mijksDr dFkuksa dh tk¡p dhft,A blosQ fy,] gesa
f=kHkqtksa osQ dks.k vkSj mudh Hkqtkvksa dks iqu% ekiuk iMs+xkA
f=kHkqtksa dks fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZo`Qr fd;k x;k gS vkSj mUgsa fo'ks"k uke fn, x, gSaA
vkb,] ns[ksa fd ;s D;k gSaA

Hkqtkvksa osQ vk/kj ij f=kHkqtksa dk ukedj.k

,d f=kHkqt ftldh rhuksa Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj ugha gksa] fo"keckgq f=kHkqt (Scalene tri-
angle) dgykrk [(c), (e)] gSA ,d f=kHkqt ftldh nks Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gksa] ,d lef}ckgq
f=kHkqt (Isosceles triangle) dgykrk [(b), (f)] gSA
f=kHkqt ftldh rhuksa Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gksa] leckgq f=kHkqt (Equilateral triangle)
dgykrk gSA [(a), (d)] bu ifjHkk"kkvksa dk iz;ksx djosQ mu lHkh f=kHkqtksa dk oxhZdj.k
112 dhft,] ftudh Hkqtk,¡ vki igys eki pqosQ gSaA

2017-18
 dks.kksa osQ vk/kj ij f=kHkqtksa dk ukedj.k
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

;fn f=kHkqt dk izR;sd dks.k 90o ls de gks] rks og ,d U;wudks.k f=kHkqt (acute angled
triangle) dgykrk gSA ;fn bldk dksbZ dks.k ledks.k gks] rks og f=kHkqt ,d ledks.k
f=kHkqt (right angled triangle) dgykrk gSA ;fn bldk dksbZ dks.k 90o ls vf/d gks] rks
Integ
og f=kHkqt ,d vf/d dks.k f=kHkqt (obtuse angled triangle) dgykrk gSA

U;wu dks.k f=kHkqt ledks.k f=kHkqt vf/d dks.k f=kHkqt

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa osQ vuqlkj] mu f=kHkqtksa dk oxhZdj.k dhft, ftuosQ dks.k vki igys
eki pqosQ gSaA buesa ls fdrus ledks.k f=kHkqt Fks\
bUgsa dhft,
fuEu osQ jiQ fp=k [khapus dk iz;Ru dhft, %
(a) ,d fo"keckgq U;wudks.k f=kHkqt
(b) ,d vf/d dks.k lef}ckgq f=kHkqt
(c) ,d ledks.k lef}ckgq f=kHkqt
(d) ,d fo"keckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt
D;k vki lksprs gSa fd fuEu vko`Qfr [khapuk laHko gS %
(e) ,d vf/d dks.k leckgq f=kHkqt\
(f) ,d ledks.k leckgq f=kHkqt\
(g) ,d f=kHkqt ftlesa nks ledks.k gksa\
lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fiQj vius fu"d"kksaZ dks fyf[k,A

iz'ukoyh 5-6
1- fuEufyf[kr f=kHkqtksa osQ izdkj fyf[k, %
(a) f=kHkqt ftldh Hkqtk,¡ 7 lseh] 8 lseh vkSj 9 lseh gSaA
(b) ∆ ABC ftlesa AB = 8.7 lseh] AC = 7 lseh vkSj BC = 6 lseh gSA
(c) ∆ PQR ftlesa PQ = QR = RP = 5 lseh gSA
(d) ∆ DEF ftlesa m ∠ D = 90o gSA
(e) ∆ XYZ ftlesa m ∠ Y = 90o vkSj XY = YZ gSA
(f) ∆ LMN ftlesa m∠L = 30o, m ∠ M = 70o vkSj m ∠ N = 80o gSA 113

2017-18
xf.kr

2- fuEu dk lqesyu dhft, %

f=kHkqt osQ eki f=kHkqt dk izdkj
(i) leku yackbZ dh rhu Hkqtk,¡ (a) fo"keckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt
(ii) leku yackbZ dh nks Hkqtk,¡ (b) lef}ckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt
(iii) vyx&vyx yackb;ksa dh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ (c) vf/d dks.k f=kHkqt
(iv) 3 U;wudks.k (d) ledks.k f=kHkqt
(v) 1 ledks.k (e) leckgq f=kHkqt
(vi) 1 vf/d dks.k (f) U;wu dks.k f=kHkqt
(vii) nks cjkcj yackb;ksa dh Hkqtkvksa (g) lef}ckgq f=kHkqt
osQ lkFk 1 ledks.k
3- fuEufyf[kr f=kHkqtksa esa ls izR;sd dk nks izdkj ls ukedj.k dhft, (vki dks.k dk
izdkj osQoy ns[kdj Kkr dj ldrs gSaA)

15 lseh
h
lse
5 lseh

7l
seh
8l

17

seh
5 lseh 8 lseh 7 lseh
h
lse

5-2
10 lseh

15
5-2

lseh
lseh

seh
9l

10 lseh 5-2 lseh 10 lseh

4- ekfpl dh rhfy;ksa dh lgk;rk ls f=kHkqt

cukus dk iz;Ru dhft,A buesa ls dqN vko`Qfr
esa fn[kk, x, gSaA D;k vki fuEu ls f=kHkqt cuk
ldrs gSa\
(a) 3 ekfpl dh rhfy;k¡
(b) 4 ekfpl dh rhfy;k¡
(c) 5 ekfpl dh rhfy;k¡
(d) 6 ekfpl dh rhfy;k¡
(è;ku jf[k, fd vkidks izR;sd fLFkfr esa lHkh
miyC/ ekfpl dh rhfy;ksa dk mi;ksx djuk gS)A
izR;sd fLFkfr essa f=kHkqt osQ izdkj dk uke crkb,A ;fn vki f=kHkqt ugha cuk ikrs gSa] rks mlosQ
114 dkj.k osQ ckjs esa lksfp,A

2017-18
5-8 prqHkqZt
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

vkidks ;kn gksxk fd pkj Hkqtkvksa dk cgqHkqt ,d prqHkqZt (quadrilateral) dgykrk

gSA Integ
bUgsa dhft,
1- nks MaMh yhft, vkSj mUgsa bl izdkj jf[k, fd mudk ,d&,d fljk
,d fljs ij feysA vc MafM;ksa osQ ,d vU; ;qXe dks bl izdkj
jf[k, fd muosQ fljs MafM;ksa osQ igys ;qXe osQ Lora=k fljksa ls tqM+
tk,¡A bl izdkj gesa D;k vko`Qfr izkIr gksrh gS\

;g ,d prqHkqZt gS] tks vki lkeus ns[k jgs gSaA bl prqHkqZt

dh Hkqtk,¡ AB , BC , ___, ___ gSaA
bl prqHkqZt osQ pkj dks.k gSaA ;s ∠ BAD, ∠ ADC, ∠ DCB,
vkSj _____ gSaA
bldk ,d fod.kZ gSA vU; fod.kZ dkSu lk gS\ lHkh
Hkqtkvksa vkSj fod.kksaZ dh yackb;k¡ ekfi,A lHkh dks.kksa dks Hkh ekfi,A
2- tSlk vkius Åij fØ;kdyki fd;k gS] pkj MafM;k¡ ysdj nsf[k, fd D;k vki buls
,slk prqHkqZt cuk ldrs gSa ftlesa
(a) pkjksa dks.k U;wu dks.k gSaA
(b) ,d dks.k vf/d dks.k gSA
(c) ,d dks.k ledks.k gSA
(d) nks dks.k vf/d dks.k gSaA
(e) nks dks.k ledks.k gSaA
(f) fod.kZ ijLij ledks.k ij gSaA
vk;r
bUgsa dhft,
vkiosQ T;kfefr cDl esa nks lsV LDos;j gSaA ,d 30o–60o–90o lsV LDos;j gS vkSj nwljk
45o–45o–90o lsV LDos;jA
vki vkSj vkidk fe=k feydj bl fØ;k dks dj ldrs gSa %
(a) vki nksuksa osQ ikl ,d&,d 30o–60o–90o lsV LDos;j gSA budks vko`Qfr esa
n'kkZ, vuqlkj jf[k,A D;k vki bl izdkj cus prqHkqZt dk uke crk ldrs gSa\
blosQ izR;sd dks.k dk eki D;k gS\
;g prqHkqZt ,d vk;r (rectangle) gSA
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xf.kr

vk;r dk ,d vkSj xq.k tks vki Li"V :i ls

;gk¡ ns[k ldrs gSa fd bldh lEeq[k Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj
gksrh gSaA
vki vU; dkSu ls xq.k Kkr dj ldrs gSa\

(b) ;fn vU; lsV LDos;j 45o–45o–90o osQ ;qXe dk

iz;ksx djsa] rks vkidks ,d vU; prqHkqZt izkIr
gksxkA ;g ,d oxZ (square) gSA
D;k vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd lHkh Hkqtkvksa dh
yackb;k¡ cjkcj gSa\ vki blosQ dks.kksa vkSj fod.kksZa
osQ ckjs esa D;k dg ldrs gSa\ oxZ osQ dqN vU;
xq.k Kkr djus dk iz;Ru dhft,A

(c) ;fn vki 30o–60o–90o lsV LDos;jksa dks vko`Qfr

esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj ,d vU; fLFkfr esa j[ksa] rks
vkidks ,d lekarj prqHkqt Z (parallelograms)
izkIr gksrk gSA D;k vki ns[k jgs gSa fd bldh
lEeq[k Hkqtk,¡ lekarj gSa\ D;k bldh lEeq[k Hkqtk,¡
cjkcj gSa\
D;k blosQ fod.kZ cjkcj gSa\

(d) ;fn vki pkj 30o–60o–90o lsV

LDos;jksa dk iz;ksx djsa] rks vkidks
,d leprqHkqt Z (rhombus) izkIr
gksrk gSA

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 (e) ;fn vki vko`Qfr esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

dbZ lsV LDos;jksa dk iz;ksx djsa] rks

gesa ,d ,slk prqHkqZt izkIr gksxk
ftldh nks Hkqtk,¡ lekarj gksaxhA
Integ
;g ,d leyac (trapezium) gSA
;gk¡ vkidh [kkstksa osQ lkjka'k dh ,d :ijs[kk nh tk jgh gSA bls iwjk dhft,A
prqHkqZt lEeq[k Hkqtk,¡ lHkh Hkqtk,¡ lEeq[k dks.k fod.kZ
lekarj cjkcj cjkcj cjkcj cjkcj ijLij yac

lekarj prqHkqZt gk¡ gk¡ ugha gk¡ ugha ugha

vk;r ugha
oxZ gk¡
leprqHkqt
Z gk¡
leyac ugha
iz'ukoyh 5-7
1- lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) dfg, %
(a) vk;r dk izR;sd dks.k ledks.k gksrk gSA
(b) vk;r dh lEeq[k Hkqtkvksa dh yackbZ cjkcj gksrh gSA
(c) oxZ osQ fod.kZ ,d nwljs ij yac gksrs gSaA
(d) leprqHkqZt dh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj yackbZ dh gksrh gSaA
(e) lekarj prqHkqZt dh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj yackbZ dh gksrh gSaA
(f) leyac dh lEeq[k Hkqtk,¡ lekarj gksrh gSaA
2- fuEufyf[kr osQ fy, dkj.k nhft, %
(a) oxZ dks ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk vk;r le>k tk ldrk gSA
(b) vk;r dks ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk lekarj prqHkqZt le>k tk ldrk gSA
(c) oxZ dks ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk leprqHkZqt le>k tk ldrk gSA
(d) oxZ] vk;r] leprqHkZqt vkSj lekarj prqHkqZt esa ls izR;sd ,d prqHkqZt Hkh gSA
(e) oxZ ,d lekarj prqHkqZt Hkh gSA
3- ,d cgqHkqt le (regular) gksrk gS] ;fn mldh lHkh Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gksa vkSj lHkh dks.k
cjkcj gksaA D;k vki ,d le prqHkqZt (regular quadrilateral) dh igpku dj ldrs gSa\

5-9 cgqHkqt
vHkh rd vkius 3 vkSj 4 Hkqtkvksa okys cgqHkqtksa (polygons) dk vè;;u fd;k gSA ftUgsa
Øe'k% f=kHkqt vkSj prqHkqZt dgrs gSaA vc ge cgqHkqtksa dh vo/kj.kk dks ,slh vko`Qfr;ksa
osQ :i esa foLr`r djus dk iz;Ru djsaxs] ftuesa pkj ls vf/d Hkqtk,¡ gksaxhA ge cgqHkqtksa 117
dks mudh Hkqtkvksa dh la[;kvksas osQ vk/kj ij fuEu izdkj oxhZd`r dj ldrs gSa %

2017-18
xf.kr

Hkqtkvksa dh la[;k uke vko`Qfr

3 f=kHkqt

4 prqHkZt
q

5 iapHkqt

6 "kM~Hkqt

8 v"VHkqt

vki bl izdkj osQ vkdkj (shapes) vius nSfud thou esa ns[krs gSaA f[kM+fd;k¡] njok”ks]
nhokj] vyekfj;k¡] CySdcksMZ] vH;kl&iqfLrdk,¡ vkfn lHkh vk;r osQ vkdkj osQ gksrs gSaA
iQ'kZ dh Vkby Hkh vk;rkdkj gksrh gSaA f=kHkqt dh n`<+rk okyh izo`Qfr osQ dkj.k bl vkdkj
dk bathfu;fjax fuekZ.kksa esa ykHkizn :i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

fuekZ.k dk;k±s esa f=kHkqt dk vuqiz;ksx gksrk gSA e/qeD[kh viuk ?kj cukus esa "kM~Hkqt ds
vkdkj dh mi;ksfxrk tkurh gSaA

vius ifjos'k esa nsf[k, fd vki bu vkdkjksa dks dgk¡&dgk¡ ik ldrs gSaA
iz'ukoyh 5-8
1- tk¡p dhft, fd fuEu esa ls dkSu&lh vko`Qfr;k¡ cgqHkqt gSaA ;fn buesa ls dksbZ cgqHkqt ugha
gS] rks dkj.k crkb,A

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2- izR;sd cgqHkqt dk uke fyf[k, %
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

Integ
buesa ls izR;sd osQ nks vkSj mnkgj.k cukb,A
3- ,d le "kM~Hkqt (reguler hexagon) dk ,d jI+kQ fp=k [khafp,A mlosQ fdUgha rhu 'kh"kksaZ
dks tksM+dj ,d f=kHkqt cukb,A igpkfu, fd vkius fdl izdkj dk f=kHkqt [khap
fy;k gSA
4- ,d le v"VHkqt (reguler octagon) dk jI+kQ fp=k [khafp,A [;fn vki pkgsa] rks oxk±fdr
dkx”k (squared paper) dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA] bl v"VHkqt osQ Bhd pkj 'kh"kksZa dks
tksM+dj ,d vk;r [khafp,A
5- fdlh cgqHkqt dk fod.kZ mlosQ fdUgha nks 'kh"kksZa (vklUu 'kh"kksaZ dks NksM+dj) dks tksM+us
ls izkIr gksrk gS (;g bldh Hkqtk,¡ ugha gksrh gaS)A ,d iapHkqt dk ,d jI+kQ fp=k [khafp,
vkSj mlosQ fod.kZ [khafp,A

5-10 f=kfoeh; vkdkj

;gk¡ dqN vkdkj (shapes) fn, tk jgs gSa] ftUgsa vki vius nSfud thou esa ns[krs gSaA
izR;sd vkdkj ,d Bksl (solid) gSA ;g ,d ^likV (flat)* vkdkj ugha gSA

;g xsan ,d xksyk ;g dsu (can) ,d csyu

vkblØhe 'kadq (cone)
(sphere) gSA (cylinder) gS
ds vkdkj esa gSA

;g ckWDl (box) ,d ;g iklk (die) ,d ?ku ;g ,d fijkfeM (pyramid)

?kukHk (cuboid) gSA (cube) gSA dk vkdkj gSA
fdUgha ik¡p oLrqvksa osQ uke crkb, tks ,d xksys ls feyrh&tqyrh gksaA
119
fdUgha ,slh ik¡p oLrqvkas osQ uke crkb, tks ,d 'kadq ls feyrh&tqyrh gksaA

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iQyd] fdukjs vkSj 'kh"kZ

vusd f=kfoeh; vkdkjksa (three dimensional shapes) esa ge muosQ iQydkas] fdukjksa vkSj
'kh"kks± dh ljyrk ls igpku dj ldrs gSaA bu rhu inksa] vFkkZr~ iQyd] fdukjs vkSj 'kh"kZ
ls gekjk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
iQyd

fdukjk

'kh"kZ

mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ,d ?ku (cube) dks yhft,A

?ku dk izR;sd Åijh likV (oxkZdkj) i`"B ,d
iQyd gSA blosQ nks iQyd ,d js[kk[kaM esa feyrs gSa]
tks ?ku dk ,d fdukjk dgykrk gSA rhu fdukjs ,d
fcanq ij feyrs gSa] tks ?ku dk 'kh"kZ dgykrk gSA
lkeus ,d fiz”e (prism) dk fp=k fn;k gSA D;k vkius bls viuh iz;ksx'kkyk esa ns[kk
gS\ blosQ nks iQyd f=kHkqt osQ vkdkj osQ gSaA blfy, ;g fizTe ,d f=kHkqtkdkj fiz”e
(triangulur prism) dgykrk gSA
;g f=kHkqtkdkj iQyd bldk vk/kj (base) Hkh dgykrk gSA bl fiz”e osQ nks loZle
(identical) f=kHkqtkdkj iQyd gSaA ,d vk/kj vkSj nwljk Åijh (top) fljk dgykrk gSA
bu nksukas iQydksa osQ vfrfjDr vU; iQyd lekarj prqHkqZt gSaA
;fn fiz”e dk vk/kj vk;rkdkj gks] rks ;g fiz”e ,d vk;rkdkj (rectangular) fiz”e
dgykrk gSA vk;rkdkj fiz”e osQ fy, D;k vkidks ;kn gS fd ,d vU; uke D;k gS\
,d fijkfeM og vkdkj gS ftlesa vk/kj dk iQyd fdlh Hkh cgqHkqt osQ vkdkj dk
gks ldrk gS vkSj 'ks"k iQyd f=kHkqtkdkj gksrs gSaA
lkeus dh vko`Qfr esa ,d oxZ fijkfeM (square pyramid) dk fp=k
fn[kk;k x;k gSA bldk vk/kj ,d oxZ gSA D;k vki ,d f=kHkqtkdkj fijkfeM
dh dYiuk dj ldrs gS\a bldk ,d jI+kQ fp=k cukus dk iz;Ru dhft,A

csyu] 'kadq vkSj xksys esa dksbZ lh/k fdukjk (straight edge) ugha gksrk gSA 'kadq dk
vk/kj D;k gS\ D;k ;g ,d o`Ùk gS\ csyu dk vk/kj Hkh ,d o`Ùk gSA csyu dk Åijh fljk
120
vk/kj tSlk ,d loZle o`Ùk gSA fu%langs ] xksys dk dksbZ iQyd ugha gSA blosQ ckjs esa lksfp, !

2017-18
 Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

bUgsa dhft,
1- ,d ?kukHk ,d vk;rkdkj cDl tSlk gSA blosQ 6 iQyd gSaA
izR;sd iQyd osQ pkj fdukjs gSaA izR;sd iQyd osQ pkj dksus
Integ
gSa (tks blosQ 'kh"kZ dgykrs gSa)A
2- ,d ?ku ,slk ?kukHk gksrk gS] ftlosQ lHkh fdukjs cjkcj yackbZ osQ gksrs gSaA
blosQ ______ iQyd gSaA
izR;sd iQyd osQ ______ fdukjs gSaA
izR;sd iQyd osQ ______ 'kh"kZ gSaA
3- ,d f=kHkqtkdkj fijkfeM dk vk/kj ,d f=kHkqt gksrk gSA ;g prq"iQyd
(tetrahedron) Hkh dgykrk gSA
iQyd % ______
fdukjs % ______
dksus % ______
4- ,d oxZ fijkfeM dk vk/kj ,d oxZ gksrk gSA
iQyd % ______
fdukjs % ______
dksus % ______
5- ,d f=kHkqtkdkj fiz”e izk;% ,d osQykbMksLdksi (Kaleidoscope) osQ vkdkj dk gksrk
gSA bldk vk/kj vkSj Åijh fljk f=kHkqt osQ vkdkj osQ gksrs gSaA
iQyd % ______
fdukjs % ______
dksus % ______

iz'ukoyh 5-9
1- fuEu dk lqesyu dhft, %

(a) 'kadq (i)

(b) xksyk (ii)

(c) csyu (iii)

121
(d) ?kukHk (iv)

2017-18
xf.kr

(e) fijkfeM (v)

bu vkdkjksa esa ls izR;sd osQ nks vkSj mnkgj.k nhft,A

2- fuEu fdl vkdkj osQ gSa\
(a) vkidk T;kfefr cDl
(b) ,d b±V
(c) ,d ekfpl dh fMCch
(d) lM+d cukus okyk jksyj (roller)
(e) ,d yM~Mw

geus D;k ppkZ dh\

1- ,d js[kk[kaM osQ nksuksa var%fcanqvksa osQ chp dh nwjh mldh yackbZ dgykrh gSA
2- js[kk[kaMksa dh rqyuk djus osQ fy, ,d va'kkafdd :yj vkSj ,d fMokbMj mi;ksxh gksrs gSAa
3- tc ?kM+h dh ,d lqbZ ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij tkrh gS] rks gesa dks.k dk ,d mnkgj.k
izkIr gksrk gSA
lqbZ dk ,d iwjk pDdj 1 ?kw.kZu dgykrk gSA
1 1
ledks.k ?kw.kZu gS vkSj ½tqdks.k ?kw.kZu gSA dks.kksa dks va'kksa (degrees) esa ekius osQ
4 2
fy, ge pk¡ns dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
ledks.k dh eki 90o vkSj ½tqdks.k dh eki 180o gksrh gSA ,d dks.k ftldh eki
ledks.k ls de gks] U;wu dks.k dgykrk gS vkSj ftldh eki ledks.k ls vf/d vkSj
½tqdks.k ls de gks vf/d dks.k dgykrk gSA
,d izfrorhZ dks.k ½tqdks.k ls cM+k vkSj laiw.kZ dks.k ls NksVk gksrk gSA
4- nks izfrPNsnh js[kk,¡ ijLij yac dgykrh gSa] ;fn muosQ chp dk dks.k 90o gksA
5- ,d js[kk[kaM dk yac lef}Hkktd ml js[kk[kaM ij yac gksrk gS vkSj mls nks cjkcj Hkkxksa
esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
6- dks.kksa osQ vk/kj ij f=kHkqtksa dks fuEu izdkj oxhZo`Qr fd;k tkrk gS %
f=kHkqt osQ dks.kksa osQ izdkj uke
izR;sd dks.k U;wu dks.k U;wu dks.k f=kHkqt
,d dks.k ledks.k ledks.k f=kHkqt
122 ,d dks.k vf/d dks.k vf/d dks.k f=kHkqt

2017-18
7- Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;ksa osQ vk/kj ij f=kHkqtksa dk oxhZdj.k fuEu izdkj gksrk gS %
Fracti
izkjafHkd vkdkjksa dks le>uk

f=kHkqtksa dh Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡

rhuksa Hkqtk,¡ vleku yackb;ksa okyh
uke
fo"keckgq f=kHkqt
Integ
nks Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡ cjkcj lef}ckgq f=kHkqt
rhuksa Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡ cjkcj leckgq f=kHkqt
8- cgqHkqtksa osQ uke mudh Hkqtkvksa dh la[;k osQ vk/kj ij fuEu izdkj gSa %
Hkqtkvksa dh la[;k cgqHkqt dk uke
3 f=kHkqt
4 prqHkqZt
5 iapHkqt
6 "kM~Hkqt
8 v"VHkqt
9- prqHkqZtksa dks muosQ xq.kksa osQ vk/kj ij oxhZo`Qr fd;k tkrk gS %
xq.k prqHkqZt dk uke
lekarj js[kkvksa osQ nks ;qXe lekarj prqHkqZt
4 ledks.k okyk lekarj prqHkqZt vk;r
4 cjkcj Hkqtkvksa okyk lekarj prqHkqZt leprqHkqZt
4 ledks.k okyk leprqHkqZt oxZ

10- ge vius ifjos'k esa (vkl&ikl) vusd f=kfoeh; vkdkj ns[krs gSaA buesa ls dqN ?ku]
?kukHk] xksyk] csyu] 'kadq vkSj fijkfeM gSaA

123

2017-18