Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 693 views

    Restricted Earth Fault Relay-AHQ

    Uploaded by

    Enpak Arsalan
    This document discusses the working principle of a restricted earth fault (REF) relay used to protect power transformers. REF relays employ one current transformer at the star point of the transformer secondary and three current transformers in a ring connection. In high impedance REF relays, a resistor must be installed at the star point or externally. High impedance relays also require the CT ratios and knee point voltages to match. The stabilization voltage is a key factor in the relay operating and is calculated based on fault current, CT ratings and resistances. The relay is designed to operate for internal faults that disrupt the current equilibrium but not for external faults where zero sequence current still flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Restricted Earth Fault Relay-AHQ

    Uploaded by

    Enpak Arsalan
    693 views4 pages
    This document discusses the working principle of a restricted earth fault (REF) relay used to protect power transformers. REF relays employ one current transformer at the star point of the transformer secondary and three current transformers in a ring connection. In high impedance REF relays, a resistor must be installed at the star point or externally. High impedance relays also require the CT ratios and knee point voltages to match. The stabilization voltage is a key factor in the relay operating and is calculated based on fault current, CT ratings and resistances. The relay is designed to operate for internal faults that disrupt the current equilibrium but not for external faults where zero sequence current still flows.

    Original Description:

    m;lm

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the working principle of a restricted earth fault (REF) relay used to protect power transformers. REF relays employ one current transformer at the star point of the transformer secondary and three current transformers in a ring connection. In high impedance REF relays, a resistor must be installed at the star point or externally. High impedance relays also require the CT ratios and knee point voltages to match. The stabilization voltage is a key factor in the relay operating and is calculated based on fault current, CT ratings and resistances. The relay is designed to operate for internal faults that disrupt the current equilibrium but not for external faults where zero sequence current still flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    693 views4 pages

    Restricted Earth Fault Relay-AHQ

    Uploaded by

    Enpak Arsalan
    This document discusses the working principle of a restricted earth fault (REF) relay used to protect power transformers. REF relays employ one current transformer at the star point of the transformer secondary and three current transformers in a ring connection. In high impedance REF relays, a resistor must be installed at the star point or externally. High impedance relays also require the CT ratios and knee point voltages to match. The stabilization voltage is a key factor in the relay operating and is calculated based on fault current, CT ratings and resistances. The relay is designed to operate for internal faults that disrupt the current equilibrium but not for external faults where zero sequence current still flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Capediem Tech-Protection Section 1

    Engr. Qazi Arsalan Hamid

    Restricted Earth Fault Relay


    Objective: To understand the working principle of REF Relay

    Power Equipment to be Protected: Power Transformer

    Relay Used: 7PG23

    Discussion: REF is employed basically on transformer with vector group delta star , it is usually like
    Differential Protection of Transformer.

    In this we employed 1 Current transformer at star point of star-secondary point of Transformer , three
    current transformers with ring type connection is employed as per figure below.
    Capediem Tech-Protection Section 2
    Engr. Qazi Arsalan Hamid

    In Ring Connection , the Principle of Current circulation is applied

    Ia+Ib+Ic=0

    and in star point of Transformer will be zero.

    concept of high impedance and low impedance:

    in high impedance REF relay ,the star point of transformer must be equipped with internal or external
    resistor , the internal resistor must be located in high impedance relay and external resistor will be
    provided outside relay .

    in high impedance REF relay the ratio of Phase and neutral CTs must be same, but in low impedance REF
    relay it is not necessary, knee point voltage of high impedance REF relay CTs must be same, stabilization
    voltage of high impedance relay is another deciding factor in relay operation when setting voltage is
    equal to stabilization voltage relay not operate , but when stabilization voltage will higher then setting
    voltage the relay operates.

    in high impedance REF relay we must provide Metal oxide varistor(MOV) for protection from high
    voltages surges, and if CT ratios are different then we employees the interposing CTs(auxiliary CTs) to
    prevent from spill current, in low impedance no such thing as interposing CTs required.

    stabilization voltage=(Maximum fault current relay*Ct secondary resistance * lead resistance)/CT Turn
    ratio

    safety factor recommended is 2,

    Vk=2*Vsetting

    Minimum primary operating current of Relay=CT turn ratio*(Relay operating current*no: of


    CTs*magnetization current of CTs*Varistor Current at Setting voltage)
    Capediem Tech-Protection Section 3
    Engr. Qazi Arsalan Hamid

    when fault occur outside the restricted area, the zero sequence of Red phase to earth still flows through
    Red and neutral Ct so new Relay not operates.

    in case of internal fault , the equilibrium disturbed , and abnormal current of red to earth flows through
    CT-neutral also, this result in relay operation.
    Capediem Tech-Protection Section 4
    Engr. Qazi Arsalan Hamid

    Example Working:
    8 MVA transformer with Z=0.0835p.u,Tap=+/-10%,CTR=800/1 Location: Confidential

    Solution:

    Fault MVA=8MVA/0.0835=95.8084

    Fault Current Primary=(Fault MVA/(1.732*6.6KV))*1000=8281.06A

    in secondary, CTR=800/1 and Fault Secondary Current=Fault maximum/CT


    Ratio=8281.06/800=10.4763A

    Vs=Fault Secondary current*(Rct+RL)

    since Rl we consider 1 ohm with two leads, Rct is usually 4ohms

    Vs=10.4763*(4+2)=65.8579V

    Relay will be set 0.1In for maximum sensitivity

    Stabilizing Resistor=Rs =(Vs/0.1)-(AC burden/0.1 sqr)

    AC burden setting in 7PG23 relay is given as Vs*20mA=65.8579*20mA=1.317158VA

    Rs=(65.8579/0.1)-(1.317158/0.01)=526.8632ohms

    CTs must have Knee point voltage = 2*Vs=131.7158( i.e. safety factor=2)

    Operating time of Relay= 45ms at 3*Vs

    Thank you

    You might also like