Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 476 views

    Trick Hybridisation

    Uploaded by

    Qaisar Riaz
    The document provides tricks and guidelines for determining hybridization and molecular geometry/shape based on the number of valence electrons, bonds, and lone pairs on the central atom. It includes tables that list the hybridization, number of lone pairs, and expected shape for different combinations. Examples are given for common molecules that fit each hybridization and molecular geometry/shape. The purpose is to help students easily predict three-dimensional structures from Lewis dot structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Trick Hybridisation

    Uploaded by

    Qaisar Riaz
    476 views26 pages
    The document provides tricks and guidelines for determining hybridization and molecular geometry/shape based on the number of valence electrons, bonds, and lone pairs on the central atom. It includes tables that list the hybridization, number of lone pairs, and expected shape for different combinations. Examples are given for common molecules that fit each hybridization and molecular geometry/shape. The purpose is to help students easily predict three-dimensional structures from Lewis dot structures.

    Original Description:

    chemistry

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides tricks and guidelines for determining hybridization and molecular geometry/shape based on the number of valence electrons, bonds, and lone pairs on the central atom. It includes tables that list the hybridization, number of lone pairs, and expected shape for different combinations. Examples are given for common molecules that fit each hybridization and molecular geometry/shape. The purpose is to help students easily predict three-dimensional structures from Lewis dot structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    476 views26 pages

    Trick Hybridisation

    Uploaded by

    Qaisar Riaz
    The document provides tricks and guidelines for determining hybridization and molecular geometry/shape based on the number of valence electrons, bonds, and lone pairs on the central atom. It includes tables that list the hybridization, number of lone pairs, and expected shape for different combinations. Examples are given for common molecules that fit each hybridization and molecular geometry/shape. The purpose is to help students easily predict three-dimensional structures from Lewis dot structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 26

    JEE/NEET/XII/XI

    Chemistry Lectures + Exam Tips & Tricks

    CheMentor
    Igniting the leaping flames in students

    www.CheMentor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT HYBRIDISATIONS
    1. Identify the central atom.

    2. Write the number of valence electrons of the central atom as Cross Marks (x).

    3. Add 1 e- for each ve charge as DOT (.). Subtract 1e- for each +ve charge.

    4. Now, make bonds [sigma/pi] with the surrounding atoms as per their valency.

    5. The remaining electrons will be counted as lone pairs.


    [2 electrons=one lone pair]

    6. Now, SUM the total number of sigma bonds (bp) formed and remaining
    lone pairs (Say it is H)
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT HYBRIDISATIONS

    H HYBRIDIZATION
    2 sp
    3 sp2
    4 sp3
    5 sp3d
    6 sp3d2
    7 sp3d3

    Sp3d2 1 s + 3 p + 2 d = 6 ORBITALS, So, H=6


    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT HYBRIDISATIONS + GEOMETRY

    HYBRIDIZATION MOLECULAR GEOMETRY


    sp Linear
    sp2 Trigonal Planar
    sp3 Tetrahedral
    sp3d Trigonal Bipyramidal
    sp3d2 Octahedral/Square Pyramidal
    sp3d3 Pentagonal Bipyramidal

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

    Confused between Molecular Geometry & Molecular Shape???


    Terms Molecular Geometry" and Molecular Shape" are often similar.

    Every electron geometry is associated with one or more possible molecular shapes
    {VSEPR THEORY}.

    Electron geometry depends on the electronic structure of the central atom in a


    molecule.

    Molecular geometry depends on whether there are other atoms bonded to the
    central atom or free electron pairs.

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

    Still Confused??? Okay, to make life SIMPLE, explained below!!!!

    GEOMETRY refers to the lewis structure without considering lone pair electrons.

    SHAPE refers to the three-dimensional structure with lone pair electrons included (all
    the orbitals).

    For example, the GEOMETRY of water is bent (because the electrons


    don't count for the GEOMETRY) and the SHAPE is tetrahedral (electron
    lone pairs are included).

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    HYBRIDISATIONS AND MOLECULAR SHAPES

    H HYBRIDIZATION No. of lone Pair SHAPE

    2 sp 0 Linear
    3 sp2 0 Trigonal Planar
    1 Bent
    4 Sp3 0 Tetrahedral
    1 Trigonal Pyramidal
    2 Bent/Angular/V-shaped
    3 Linear

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    HYBRIDISATIONS AND MOLECULAR SHAPES

    H HYBRIDIZATION NO. OF LONE PAIR SHAPE

    0 Trigonal Bipyramidal
    1 See-Saw
    5 Sp3d
    2 T-shaped
    3 Linear

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    HYBRIDISATIONS AND MOLECULAR SHAPES

    H HYBRIDIZATION No. of lone Pair SHAPE

    6 Sp3d2 0 Octahedral
    1 Square Pyramidal
    2 Square Planr
    7 Sp3d3 0 Pentagonal Bipyramidal
    1 Pentagonal Monopyramidal
    (Distorted Octahedral)

    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com


    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp Linear

    BeF2, BeCl2, NO2, CO2


    bp=2 [Ag(NH3)2]+
    lp=0
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp2

    Trigonal planar

    BF3, BBr3, BCl3, AlCl3,


    bp=3 NO3-, SO3, BO33-, BeF3-
    lp=0
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp2
    Bent/v-Shaped/Angular

    bp=2 NO2-, SO2


    lp=1

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp3

    Tetrahedral

    bp=4 CH4, CCl4. NH4+, BeH42-


    lp=0 BCl4-, AlCl4-, PCl4+, SO42-

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp3

    Trigonal pyramidal/Distorted Tetrahedral

    bp=3
    H3O+, NH3, CH3-
    lp=1

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp3
    Bent/Angular/V-shaped

    bp=2 H2O
    lp=2

    EXAMPLE
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp3
    Linear

    bp=1 ICl, BrF, ClF, IBr, IF


    lp=3

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

    sp d
    3

    Trigonal bipyramidal

    bp=5 PF5, PCl5, AsF5, SbF5,


    XeO3F2
    lp=0

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

    sp d
    3

    See-saw/ distorted tetrahedral

    bp=4 SF4
    lp=1

    EXAMPLE
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3
    T-shaped

    bp=3 IF3, BrCl3, XeF3+, XeOF2


    lp=2
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3
    Linear

    bp=2 XeF2, I3-


    lp=3
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3 2

    Octahedral

    FeF64-, SeF6, [AlF6]3-


    bp=6 [GaCl6]3- [IF6]+, [PCl6]-,
    SF6, [XeO6]-4, [SnCl6]2-
    lp=0
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3 2
    Square pyramidal

    IF5, SbF52-, XeF5+, TeCl5-,


    bp=5 BrOF4-
    lp=1
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3 2
    Square Planar

    bp=4 XeF4, IF4-, I5-, ICl4-


    lp=2
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3 3

    Pentagonal bipyramidal

    bp=7 IF7, ReF7,


    lp=0
    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    TRICK TO FIND OUT MOLECULAR SHAPES

    sp d
    3 3

    Pentagonal monopyramidal (Distorted Octahedral)

    XeF6, FeCl6-, FeF62-,


    bp=6 SbX63-
    lp=1

    EXAMPLES
    By N. Rahman, Ph. D. Scholar www.chementor.weebly.com
    Need CHEMISTRY assistance?
    We can help!

    EMAIL US: VISIT US:


    [email protected] www.CheMentor.weebly.com
    OR
    Looking for any type of assistance in Chemistry? Fill out our free consultation form and we will
    Shoot us an email and we will reach reach out as soon as possible.
    out as soon as possible.
    26

    You might also like