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    DIC

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    Razel Hijastro
    Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not a disease itself but rather a condition caused by underlying triggers such as sepsis, trauma, cancer, and shock. These triggers can stimulate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, leading to microthromboses, organ dysfunction, and bleeding. Signs and symptoms include bleeding from multiple sites, bruising, low blood pressure, and pale or mottled extremities. Diagnosis involves assessing coagulation factors and platelet counts. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause as well as replacing coagulation factors and platelets. Nursing priorities center on organ support, preventing complications, comfort, and emotional support.

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    DIC

    Uploaded by

    Razel Hijastro
    120 views2 pages
    Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not a disease itself but rather a condition caused by underlying triggers such as sepsis, trauma, cancer, and shock. These triggers can stimulate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, leading to microthromboses, organ dysfunction, and bleeding. Signs and symptoms include bleeding from multiple sites, bruising, low blood pressure, and pale or mottled extremities. Diagnosis involves assessing coagulation factors and platelet counts. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause as well as replacing coagulation factors and platelets. Nursing priorities center on organ support, preventing complications, comfort, and emotional support.

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    Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not a disease itself but rather a condition caused by underlying triggers such as sepsis, trauma, cancer, and shock. These triggers can stimulate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, leading to microthromboses, organ dysfunction, and bleeding. Signs and symptoms include bleeding from multiple sites, bruising, low blood pressure, and pale or mottled extremities. Diagnosis involves assessing coagulation factors and platelet counts. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause as well as replacing coagulation factors and platelets. Nursing priorities center on organ support, preventing complications, comfort, and emotional support.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    120 views2 pages

    DIC

    Uploaded by

    Razel Hijastro
    Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not a disease itself but rather a condition caused by underlying triggers such as sepsis, trauma, cancer, and shock. These triggers can stimulate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, leading to microthromboses, organ dysfunction, and bleeding. Signs and symptoms include bleeding from multiple sites, bruising, low blood pressure, and pale or mottled extremities. Diagnosis involves assessing coagulation factors and platelet counts. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause as well as replacing coagulation factors and platelets. Nursing priorities center on organ support, preventing complications, comfort, and emotional support.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

    Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), formerly termed disseminated intravascular


    coagulopathy is not a disease but a sign of an underlying condition. DIC may be triggered by
    sepsis, trauma, cancer, shock, abruptio placentae, toxins, or allergic reactions.

    Pathophysiology

    Stimulus

    Tissue Endothelial
    injury
    destruction Endotoxin
    Tissue factor
    (Extrinsic pathway) Endotoxin

    Thrombin
    Factor XII activation
    generation (intrinsic pathway)

    Intravascular Plasminogen Platelet


    Fibrin deposition activitation comsumption

    Plasmin Thrombocytopenia
    generation
    Clotting factor
    Fibrinolysis degradation

    Thrombosis
    Fibrin degradation
    products Bleeding
    Hemolytic Tissue (inhibit thrombin
    anemia ischemia and platelet aggregation)

    Clinical Manifestation and Signs & Symptoms

    Patients with frank DIC may bleed from mucous membranes, venipuncture sites, and
    the GI and urinary tracts. The patient may also develop organ dysfunction, such as renal failure
    and pulmonary and multifocal central nervous system infarctions, as a result of
    microthromboses, macrothromboses, or hemorrhages. During the initial process of DIC, the
    patient may have no new symptoms, the only manifestation being a progressive decrease in the
    platelet count.
    Signs&Symptoms:

    Bleeding on multiple sites in the body. Uncontrolled bleeding from puncture sites from
    injections or IV therapy.
    Blood clots. Ecchymoses and petechiae form on the skin.
    Drop in BP
    Sudden bruising
    The toes and fingers are pale, cyanotic or mottled and feels cold.

    Assessment and Diagnostic Findings

    Various underlying clinical conditions can have an effect on the laboratory parameters that are
    usually obtained to diagnose DIC, such as global coagulation tests, the platelet count,
    prothrombin time (PT), and the fibrinogen, fibrinogen, and fibrin degradation products (FDPs).
    In order to facilitate the diagnostic process for detecting DIC, the use of a scoring system is
    recommended by each of the four different guidelines. Global coagulation tests provide
    important evidence regarding the degree of coagulation factor activation and consumption.

    Medical Management

    The most important management factor in DIC is treating the underlying cause; until the cause
    is controlled, the DIC will persist. Correcting the secondary effects of tissue ischemia by
    improving oxygenation, replacing fluids, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and administering
    vasopressor medications is also important. Cryoprecipitate is given to replace fibrinogen and
    factors V and VII; fresh frozen plasma is administered to replace other coagulation factors.

    Nursing Management

    Primary nursing provides the consistency and comprehensive care required in this rapidly
    changing condition. Nursing priorities include the following:

    Support vital organ functions


    Assist with measures to correct the abnormal coagulopathy
    Prevent or minimize complications
    Promote comfort
    Provide emotional support to the patient and significant others.

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