NOTES 1: FUNCTIONS AND THEIR Name:______________________________

GRAPHS Date:________________Period:_________

Mrs. Nguyens Initial:_________________

LESSON 1.1 - FUNCTIONS

Relation A rule of correspondence involving two quantities.

Function A relation that matches each item Example:

from one set with exactly one item {(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 2) (4, 7)
from a different set. (5, 10) (6, 4)}

* Functions are represented in four ways:

verbally, numerically, graphically, and
analytically.

SET A SET B
- Input - Output
- x-values - y-values
- Domain - Range
- Independent variable - Dependent variable

1 2 3 1 2 3 4

4 5 6 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

y=4
Never x = 3
y=5

Function notation Input Output Equation

x f ( x) f ( x) = 1 x 2

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 1

Practice Problems: Let g ( x) = x 2 + 4 x + 1, find the following problems:

1. g (2) 2. g (t ) 3. g ( x + 2)

4. g (hat ) 5. g (math) 6. g (ipod + cell )

Piecewise-defined a function defined by two or more equations over a

function specified domain.

Practice Problem 7:
Graph and then evaluate the function algebraically when x = 1, x = 0, x = 1

x 2 + 1, x < 0
f ( x) =
x 1, x 0
a) f (1) =
y

b) f (0) =
x

c) f (1) =

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 2

Implied The set of all real numbers for which Example:
Domain the expression is defined
1
a) f ( x) =
x 4
2

b) f ( x) = x

Practice Problems: Find the domain of each function.

8. {(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 2)

9. g ( x) =
1 10. h( x) = 4 x 2
(4, 7) (5, 10) (6, 4)} x+5

11. f ( x) = x 2 + 3 x + 4 4 1
12. V (r ) = r 3 13. g ( x) =
3 9 x2

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 3

Difference f ( x + h) f ( x ) Example:
g ( x) = where h 0
Quotient h
f ( x) = x 2 + 3 , find
f ( x + h) f ( x )
h

f ( x + h) f ( x )
Practice Problems: Evaluate , given:
h

14. f ( x) = x 2 4 x + 7

15. f ( x) = x

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 4

LESSON 1.2 ANALYZING GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS

Graph of a Collection of ordered pairs ( x, f ( x) ) Example 1 on pg 79

function

Vertical line Vertical line can only intersect the graph at one point for every x
Test values.

Zeros of a x-values for which f ( x ) = 0 , solutions, or x-intercepts

function

Practice Problems: Find the zeros for each function.

1. f ( x) = 3 x 2 + x 10 2. g ( x) = 10 x 2 2t 3
3. h(t ) =
t +5

Increasing, Example 4 on pg 82
Decreasing,
and Constant
Functions
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 )

x1 is to the left of x2 or x1 < x2

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 5

Minimum and For x1 < x < x2
Maximum Minimum is when f ( a ) f ( x)
Maximum is when f ( a ) f ( x )

2 x + 3, x < 0
y

Graphing a
piecewise- f ( x) =
defined 3 x, x 0
function x

Even and odd Even: f ( x) = f ( x) Example: Decide whether

Functions Odd: f ( x) = f ( x) the function is odd, even,
or neither.

a. g ( x) = x3 x

b. h( x) = x 2 + 1

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 6

LESSON 1.3 SHIFTING, REFLECTING, AND STRETCHING GRAPHS

Graphs of common functions:

f ( x) = c f ( x) = x f ( x) = x

f ( x) = x f ( x) = x 2 f ( x) = x3

Vertical shifts g ( x) = f ( x) + k UP Example:

and horizontal g ( x) = f ( x) k DOWN
shifts g ( x) = f ( x + h) LEFT
g ( x) = f ( x h) RIGHT

Reflections Over the x-axis: g ( x) = f ( x) Example:

Over the y-axis: g ( x) = f ( x)

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 7

Rigid and non- Rigid: horizontal, vertical shifts and reflections
rigid Non-rigid: causes a distortion, a change in shape
transformations

Practice Problems: Describe the transformations and graph the following

equations.

1. h( x) = ( x + 2)3 + 1 2. k ( x) = x + 2

3. h( x) = 2 x 1
4. h( x) = x
2

Practice Problems: Write an equation for the following graphs.

5. 6.

Ans:___________ Ans:___________

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 8

LESSON 1.4 COMBINATIONS OF FUNCTIONS

Sum, ( f + g )( x) = f ( x) + g ( x) Examples:
difference, ( f g )( x) = f ( x) g ( x)
product, and ( fg )( x) = f ( x) g ( x)
quotient of f f ( x)
functions ( x ) = g ( x) 0

g g ( x )

Composition ( f D g ) ( x) = f ( g ( x)) Examples:

of two ( g D f ) ( x) = g ( f ( x))
functions

f ( x) = 2 x + 1
Practice Problems: Do the following operations given:
g ( x) = x 2 + 2 x 1
1. ( f + g )( x) = 2. ( f g )( x) = 3. ( fg )( x) =

f 5. ( fg )(1) = 6. ( f + g )(2) =
4. ( x) =
g

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 9

 f ( x) = x + 2
Practice Problems: Do the following operations given:
g ( x) = 4 x 2

7. ( f D g ) ( x) = 8. ( g D f ) ( x) = 9. ( g D f ) (2) =

Practice Problems:

f g
10. Find the domain of ( x) and ( x) for f ( x) = x and g ( x) = 4 x 2 .
g f

f ( x) = x 2 9
11. Given: . Find ( f D g ) ( x) and the domain of ( f D g ) ( x) .
g ( x) = 9 x 2

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 10

LESSON 1.5 INVERSE FUNCTIONS

Inverse Interchanging x and y Example:

functions f ( x) = {(1, 2 )( 3,4 )( 5,6 )( 7,8 )}
f 1 ( x) = {(1, 2 )( 4,3)( 6,5 )( 8,7 )}

Practice Problem 1: Find the inverse function of y = 3 x + 1 , then graph both

functions.

Find f ( f 1 ( x)) =

Find f 1 ( f ( x)) =

Formal Definition of Given f ( x) and g ( x) . If

Inverse Functions f ( g ( x)) = x AND g ( f ( x)) = x , then f ( x) and g ( x)
are inverses of each other.

Practice Problem 2: Use the formal definition of inverse function to determine the
5 x2 5
inverse function of f ( x) = . g ( x) = or h( x) = + 2 ?
x2 5 x

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 11

Horizontal A function f has an inverse function Note: There is a
line Test for iff no horizontal line intersects the difference between
Inverse graph of f at move than one point. f ( x) = x 2 and
Functions f ( x) = x 2 , x 0

Practice Problems: Find the inverse function for the following functions

5 3x 4. f ( x) = 3 x + 1
3. f ( x) =
2

Practice Problems: Use the Horizontal line Test to decide whether the function
has an inverse function.

5. 6.

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 12

LESSON 1.6 MATHEMATICAL MODELING

Direct y = mx + b when b = 0 or Example 2 on pg 119

Variation y = mx or y = kx

y = kx and k 0
- y varies directly as x
- y is directly proportional to x
- k is the constant of variation
- k is the constant of
proportionality

Direct y = kx n and k 0 Example 3 on pg 120

variation as - y varies directly as the nth
nth power power of x
- y is directly proportional to the
nth power of x

Inverse k Example 4 on pg 121

y= or k = xy
variation x
As x goes up, y goes down or
As y goes up, x goes down

Joint variation z = kxy z varies directly as x Example 5 on pg 125

and y

Mrs. Nguyen Honors PreCalculus Chapter 1 Notes Page 13