Modul 1 Statistics
Modul 1 Statistics
Modul 1 Statistics
1
1.1. Represent and Interpret Data In Pictograms, Bar Charts, Line Graphs and Pie Charts
The data can be represented by
(i) Pictograms
(ii) Bar Charts
(iii) Line graphs
(iv) Pie charts
Excercise 1
1.
The above table shows the number of favourite fruits among a group of students. By using
the symbol to represent 5 students, construct a pictogram for the above data.
2.
5.
Stall Number of durians
A 16
B 20
C 10
D 8
E 14
The above tables shows the number of durians sold in five stalls in one hour. Contruct bar
to represent the data.
6.
Monday 1 The beside table shows the number data of students who
were absent in a week. Represent the beside data using
Tuesday 3 line graph.
Wednesday 5
Thurday 4
Friday 2
7.
Year Profit The beside table shows the profit peranum of a company
from 1998 to 2003. Contruct a line graph represent the
1998 8.000 data.
1999 14.000
2000 10.000
2001 13.000
2002 16.000
8. 12 .
The graph beside given shows the sales of
Numb10
er of durians at a stall
a. Find the total number of durians sold
durian
s8
.
. out from 1100 to 1400
6 . b. Calculate the percentage of increase in
the sale of durians from 1300 to 1400
4 . c. Calculate the everage number of
. durians sold out per hour during that
2 period.
0 1600 Tim
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 e
9. The pic chart beside shows the favorites types of story books
Adventures
of a group of students in a school. What is the percentage of
Ghos
Stories 2x0 students who did not like ghost stories ?
900+x0
3x0
Love stories
(i) MEAN
Mean is the average value for a set of data
Calculate using formula Mean = Sum of Values
Number of Values
Example
Find the men of : 47, 52, 41, 49, 51
Solution :
Mean = Sum Of Values
Number of Values
= 47 + 52 + 41 + 49 + 51
5
= 240
5
= 48
(ii) MEDIAN
Median is the middle value in a set of values arranged in order of magnitude.
For an odd number of values arranged in order of magnitude, the median is the
middle value.
For an even number of values arranged in order of magnitude, the median is the mean
of the two middle values.
Example :
Find the median of each of the following data
a) 13, 5, 11, 17, 10
b) 7, 10, 4, 9, 5, 9
Solution
a. Arrange the data in the order of magnitude
5, 10, 11, 13, 17
11 is in the middle, so median = 11
b. Arrange the data in the order of magnitude
4, 5, 7, 9, 9, 10
7 and 9 is in the middle.
Since 7 and 9 are the two middle values, the median = 7 + 9 = 8
2
(iii) MODE
Mode is the most common fact or value, with the highest frequency in a set of data
Example :
The marks obtained by ten students (pupils) are
18, 15, 17, 20, 13, 17, 15, 18, 17
Find the mode of the marks
Solution
The most common marks in the set of data is 17 Hence, 17 is the mode
Exercise 2
5.
Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of pupils 2 5 8 12 10 3
The marks obtained by some pupils in a class test are shown in the table above. Calculate
the
a. mode b. median c. mean
6. A father has 6 children of ages : 3x, 5x, 2x+7, 4x-1, x2+x, x2-2x years old.
If the everage age of children is 26 years old, then find the age of the youngest child.
3
7. The data : x, 3, x2 9 and 10. if value of means is 5 5 find value of x.
8 Mr. Ahmad bowled four games at a bowling tournament. His scores were 130, 105, 121
and 116.
a. Calculate the median and mean of his scores.
b. He then played three more games and his serves were 125, 110 and 136. If these
scores are included in the previous data, find the median and mean in the new set of
marks.
shop 6
9.6
5 The bar chart beside shows the results of
5 survey carried out in the shop of certain
4
housing estate. Calculate the
4 3 a. mode
3 b. mean of the number of workers
2
employed in each shop
2
1 2 3 4 5
10.
Favorite Sport No of Students The table beside shows the favourite sports of a group
of students. Find its
Basket ball 10 a) mode
Badminton 7 b) median
Hockey 5 c) mean of the data
Soccer 12
rumus
n
fixi
X T= i= 1
X T= A
fi xi A
n or fi
fi
i= 1
A is any number
Me = Median
L = the lower limit of class -0,5
N = total of data
F = comulative frequency before the class median
FMe = frequency of class median
C = lenght of interval of each class
(iii) Mode
If the data are represented in classes, then the mode can be found by the formula :
Mode (Mo) = L+ d1 c
d1 + d2
Mo = mode
L = the lower limit of class mode -0,5
d1 = the difference of mode's frequency and the class before mode's class
d2 = the difference of mode's frequency and the class after mode's class
c = lenght of interval of each class
Example :
Class f Consider beside the following frequency table
Find :
40 44 4 a) mean
45 49 7 b) median
50 54 10 c) mode
55 59 6
60 64 3
Solution :
b) Median (Me)
N
F
Me = L 2 C
Fme
15 11
= 49 ,5 10 .5
4
= 49,5 + 2
= 51,5
1
class me = 2 N = 50-54
L = 50 0,5 = 49,5
c) Mode (Mo)
d1
Mo = L .c mode class = 50-45
d 1 d 2
3
= 49 ,5 .5
34
15
= 49,5 + 7
= 49,5 + 2,14
= 51,64
Exercise 3
1
a Data f b Data f c Data f
3 2 4 2 8 3
4 4 5 7 9 8
5 5 6 9 10 15
6 3 7 12 11 7
7 3 8 6 12 7
2
a Data f b Data f c Data f
65 67 2 148- 6 50-54 4
68 70 5 152 11 55-59 6
71 73 13 153- 14 60-64 8
74 76 14 157 10 65-69 16
77 79 4 158- 8 70-74 10
80 89 2 162 1 75-79 3
163- 80-84 2
167 85-89 1
168-
172
173-
177
3 A class contains 20 men and 30 women. If men's average height is 167 cm and women's
average height is 158 cm, the find the average height of student in that class.
4 The average height of 50 student is 163,2 cm. If the Mr. Ahmad is included, then the
average height becomes 162,34 cm. Find the height of the Mr. Ahmad.
5 A class contains 27 men and 23 women. If men's average height is 166 cm, and women's
average height is 157 cm, then find the average height of students in that class.
(ii) Quartile
Suppose there are n ordered numbers (from the smollest to the largest). The quartiles are
the values that divide those n numbers to be four equal parts. There are three quartiles as a
follows.
a Q1 Q2 Q3 b
Range : b-a
1
Lower quartile (Q1), where 25% or 4 of numbers are less than Q1.
1
Median (Q2), where 50% or 2 of numbers are less than Q2.
3
Upper quartile (Q3), where 75% or 4 of numbers are less than Q3.
If the number are represented in class, then apply the following formulae.
n
F1
Q1 = L1 + 4
c
fi
n
F2
Q2 = L2 + 2
c
f2
3
n F 3
Q3 = L3 + 4
c
f3
1
Quartile deviation (QD) that is : QD = 2 (Q3 - Q1)
(iii) Variance
Variance (var) is given by the formula
xi x 2 fi xi x 2
Var= or Var=
n n
S=
xi x 2
n
or S=
fi xi x 2
fi
AD=
xi x or AD=
fixi x
n fi
Example 4
Exercise 4
1. 2, 1, 7, 6, 4, 2, 7, 3
2. 3, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8
3. 8, 7, 9, 12, 4, 2
4. 20, 30, 60, 40, 10
5. 12, 17, 15, 14, 17, 16, 13, 10, 8, 10, 19
REVIEW
2 Given that 12 is the mean of : 10, 14, 15 and x+1. What is the value of x ?
a. 8 d. 12
b. 9 e. 13
c. 10
For questions 3 and 4, refer to the pic chart below.
7 Twenty students consist of 8 girls and 12 boys. The average weight of all students is 44 kg.
If the average weight of girls is 41 g, then the average weight of boys is ...
a. 47,0 kg d. 45,5 kg
b. 46,5 kg e. 45,0 kg
c. 46,0 kg
8 Standard deviation of data : 6, 8, 10, 9, 7 is ...
1 1
a 2
2 d 3
3
1
b 3
2 e
3
c
2
10 The average of mathematics mark of 39 students is 45. if Tono's mark from other class, is
included, the average of 40 students becomes 46. tono's mark is ...
a. 50 d. 87
b. 63 e. 91
c. 85
11
Value 5 6 7 8 9
Fequency 2 1 7 2 1
Find of above data, mean, median and mode.
12 The class A contains 45 students and the class B 40 students. The average mark of class A
is 5 more than the average of class B. Find the average mark of class A.
13 The three clasess D, E, F consecutively contain 16 student, 21 students, 21 students and 13
students. The average mark of the three classes is 5,7 if the avarage of the classes D and E
consecutively are 5,5 and 5,9, find the average mark of class F.
14
Value Frequency Consider beside the following frequency table. Find the
value of :
21-30 1 a) mean
31-40 1 b) median
41-50 3 c) mode
51-60 9 d) Quartile deviation
61-70 8
71-80 6
81-90 2
15
Class F xi ... ... Consider beside the following frequency table.
Find the value of :
155-159 3 ... ... ... a) mean
160-164 7 ... ... ... b) median
165-169 19 167 0 0 c) mode
170-174 9 ... ... ... d) Quartile deviation ....
175-179 2 ... ... ...