1 Journal
1 Journal
1 Journal
VINOD KUMAR S
GUDURU RAMA KRISHNA REDDY
&
AND RAMACHANDRU
Copyright 2015
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines
(OJTED)
All rights reserved.
1 INTRODUCTION.
As the project is deals with the study of the leakage behaviour in terms of
reducing pressure due to leakage through the seals in master cylinder, it is necessary to
know about the tandem master cylinder
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
166
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
The main part of the hydraulic braking system is the tandem master cylinder. The
function of the tandem master cylinder is to convert the force applied on the brake
pedal in to the hydraulic pressure for the purpose of applying brakes. At the time of the
application of the brakes push rod moves inside the master cylinder. The assembly of
the pistons present inside the tandem master cylinder transfers the brake fluid in to
various brake circuits of the wheels. The above Figure shows the assembly of the
braking system.
As the brake fluid is incompressible after the application of brakes it is supplied to
various connection lines. In order to obtain the proper functioning of the tandem
master cylinder, care should be taken for no air must present inside the brake fluid. As
the air is compressible leads to loss of pressure finally results in the failure of the
braking system in the vehicles.
As the primary and secondary pistons are connected by the spring-loaded
system. When the brake pedal is released then the displaced brake fluid is replaced
from the fluid in the fluid reservoir by the means of the compensating ports. The TMC in
the braking system is shown in below Figure.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
167
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
168
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Shivashankar S Triwedi et al, [1]
This journal mainly deals with leakage of seals in the tandem master cylinder.
Possible chances of leakages can be happened either by TMC leakage or by the
leakages of seals used in assembly of the piston. Inside the cylinder body acts as
inlet and other side of cylinder considered as throat of nozzle and the mass flow
rate is calculated for leakage in terms of kg/s of brake fluid.
Through Gambit pre-processing operation the creation of geometry along with
the mess generation and specifying the boundary zones are done. Then the method
for solution, properties of materials and operating parameters along with number
of iterations are given in the fluent. Finally, the results are analysed which contains
the value of leakage of the pressure in TMC along with respect to time as results.
Festus Motey[2]
The author describes the leakage of fluid automobile engine oil through the holes,
spaces and cracks, channel among others. Automobile mechanics at siwdo kokampe
in cape coast have learnt and developed different strategies mechanically to solve
the problems of leakages. Metal parts of automobile engines are in contact and
moving resulting to friction and the heat generation.
This journal reveals major causes of oil leakages are due to damage to crown
seals, damaged shaft seal, damaged crank seal and gear box seal.
Here the finite element analysis was carried out as for sealed pressure (1-20MPA)
and the rod velocities ranging from 0.12 to 0.5 m/s before the leakage was
measured experimentally. After experimental results obtained it is noted the finite
element analysis results are matching with experimental results.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
169
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
The main objective of this project is to understand the leakage behaviour of the
seals in the TMC, this helps to avoid the failures and also the production line
fastened as very less time involved in the detection of the leakage. This analysis is
carried by the CFD software of Fluent Ansyss 13 version.
Specific objectives
a) Creating the model and meshing the tandem master cylinder, this is used in the
assembly of the hydraulic cylinder.
b) As the leakage sources are seals, crack on the surface of seal is developed in the
hyper mesh software.
c) Determining the loss of pressure with respect to the time.
d) Conclusions based on the results.
Methodology
4 MODELLING
The Computational domain of TMC is done initially in the catia model then
exported in to the hyper mesh software, then the mesh of the model is shown in Figure.
Where the complete assembly of the tandem master cylinder is done. then the assembly
of the pistons inside the cylinder is meshed. It shows that the domain was meshed with
tetra cells. During the generation of the mesh triangular elements are created.
Advantage of using tetra cells is to get converging of the solution properly.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
170
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
In the Hyper mesh software separating the collectors is done it means separating
certain collectors from the main model to assign the boundary conditions in the ansys.
For the TMC model separation is done for the collectors such as inlet, wall, fluid and
outlet.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
171
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
Above Figure 5.1 shows the final diagram obtained by the CFD results which is
showing pressure in the TMC cylinder which is created at no leakage condition of seal.
Red colour brake fluid which is having the same input pressure of 5 bar. It clearly
indicates there will be no pressure loss inside the cylinder without the crack.
The Figure 5.2 shows the leakage behaviour of pressure along the seal region where
the pressure lost after 1.5 seconds for 5 bar in the TMC. Variation of the pressure along
the crack region inside the cylinder is indicated by the colour variations. The pressure
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
172
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
drop developing from the region near the seal and propagating towards the inside
region of the cylinder.
The Figure 5.3 shows the leakage behaviour of pressure through the seal region
where the pressure lost after 2 seconds for 5 bar in the TMC.
The Figure 5.4 shows the leakage behaviour of pressure along the seal region
where the pressure lost after 2.5 seconds for 5 bar in the TMC.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
173
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
The Figure 5.5 shows the leakage behaviour of pressure along the seal region
where the pressure lost after 3 seconds for 5 bar in the TMC.
The above Table 5.1 explains the pressure available inside the region of the
propagation of crack. The loss of pressure is detected in the earlier time of 1.5 seconds
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
174
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
inside the cylinder. Further the reduction of the pressure with respect to the time is
shown in the Table 5.2. As the time increases the leakage of the air inside the cylinder
through the seals increases
In the above Figure 5.7 Pressure Vs time is plotted. As the time in seconds is
plotted along X axis and pressure is plotted along Y axis, nature of the curve indicates
the decreasing of the pressure with respect to the time. Due to the leakage of the air
through crack generated on the surface of the seal. It is for the pressure input of 5 bar
inside the cylinder.
CONCLUSION
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
175
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
It is seen without crack in the seal of Tandem Master Cylinder there will be no drop in
the pressure and ensuring of proper functioning of the brakes will be done. In the
further case, it is clear that any crack generated in the seal will results in the creating
the low-pressure region and reduces the efficiency of the braking systems. Loss of
pressure due to leakage with time can be seen in the above results. Finding of detection
done in the 1.5 seconds, it will increase the productivity also.
REFERNCES
[1] Shivshankar S. Trivedi1, Prashant N. Analysis of failure of Brakes due to leakages of
cylinder through CFD. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-
ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 8, Issue 1 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 01-11
[2]. Festus Motey. Investigation in to the causes and effects of automobile leakages in
the cape coast of Metropolis. ISSN 2224-6096(paper) ISSN 2225-0581 Vol 3.NO.1, 2013
[3]. Ryo Akaiwa, Kakuro Amasaka. CAE analysis for oil leakage mechanism of translate
oil seal e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN:2278-8727 Volume 16, Issue 4, Ver.11(july-Aug
2014) PP 60-63
[4]. E.Saber, Khaled M. Abdou. A theoretical model for the design of a labyrinth seal
gland. ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume -1, Issue-3, December 2014
[6]. Zhagao Luan, MM Khonsari. Analysis of conjugate heat transfer and turbulent flow
in mechanical seals. Tribology International 42(2009)76-769.
[9]. Zhiqiang Li, Jianmin Han , Zhiyong Yang,Weijing Li. Analyzing the mechanisms of
thermal fatigue and phase change of steel used in brake discs. Engineering Failure
Analysis 57 (2015) 202218
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
176
Open Journal of Technology & Engineering Disciplines (OJTED)
Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 166~177
ISSN: 2455-6971
[11]. Mirko Morini ,Claudio Pavan, Michele Pinelli ,Eva Romito ,Alessio Suman Analysis
of a scroll machine for micro ORC applications by means of a RE/CFD methodology.
Applied Thermal Engineering 80 (2015) 132e140.
Journal homepage:
http://ojal.us/ojted/
177