What Is LOD?: 100 Conceptual

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What is LOD?

LOD has been referred to as Level of Development and Level of Detail, either acronym is
acceptable. Here are the different LOD definitions for the AIA E202-2008/G202-2013 BIM
Protocols

The Model Element may be graphically represented in the Model with a


symbol or other generic representation but does not satisfy the
requirements for LOD 200. Information related to the Model Element (i.e.
100 Conceptual cost per square foot, tonnage of HVAC, etc.) can be derived from other
Model Elements.

Approved uses: Analysis, cost estimating and scheduling

The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a


200 Generic generic system, object, or assembly with approximate quantities, size,
Placeholders shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be
attached to the Model Element.

Approved uses: Analysis, cost estimating and scheduling


The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a
specific system, object or assembly accurate in terms of quantity, size,
300 Specific shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be
Assemblies attached to the Model Element.

Approved uses: Construction, analysis, cost estimating and scheduling


The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a
specific system, object or assembly that is accurate in terms of size,
shape, location, quantity, and orientation with detailing, fabrication,
400 Detailed
assembly, and installation information. Non-graphic information may also
Assemblies
be attached to the Model Element

Approved uses: Construction, analysis, cost estimating and scheduling


The Model Element is a field-verified representation in terms of size,
500 As Built shape, location, quantity, and orientation. Non-graphic information may
also be attached to the Model Elements

The pictures below illustrate the model progression specification as well as subtle
differences between progressions. While a model may not be fully LOD 400, it may qualify
for LOD 350 (or halfway between 300 and 400). In the example, more detailed assemblies,
detailed pipe insulation, as well as more detailed pipe routing qualified it for LOD 350.
3D BIM Software Images

Limitations

Now that we have discussed what LOD is, lets cover the limitations.

There is no such thing as a LOD 400 federated model. A federated model is the
combination of all the different trades into one model. The electrical may be LOD 300, the
mechanical may be LOD 350 and the HVAC may be LOD 400. All of these are at different
model progressions.

Different LOD need to be reached for a certain trade before the model can be constructed in
the field. For example, LOD 300 for electrical is acceptable for construction as most of the
parts are purchased. For HVAC ductwork that is fabricated, LOD 400 must be achieved.
Each level of progression takes more time and adds more cost to the project.

Conclusion

Each LOD phase requires more specialized technology as well as increased skillsets to
properly address the finite details within the 3D BIM model

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