Tropical: I. Rainforest

TROPICAL
I. Rainforest
Practiced traditional shifting cultivation, which combines farming with forested habitats. Shifting
cultivation, sometimes called swidden or slash and burn, shifting cultivation systems are designed to
adapt to the soil and climatic characteristics of the low soil fertility, high precipitation, and fast leaching
of nutrients. Some hectares are designated indigenous reserves and hectares as sustainable
development reserve and extractive reserves for rubber; all of this forest area is considered as a form of
community forest. Additionally, some hectares are some form of national park or protected area. The
majority of cleared land ends in cattle pasture. Indigenous peoples practicing small sale shifting
cultivation. Traditional indigenous peoples cultivated manioc, tubers, fruit, and palm trees in rotating
plots, supplementing their farm plots with forest resources of rubber, nuts, fruits, fibers, and medicines
.In the 18th and 17th centuries, timber harvest and rubber extraction. soil is old and intensely
weathered, generally acidic, infertile, and subject to compaction from intense solar radiation. Most
nutrients are stored in aboveground vegetation; cutting and burning enriches soil but nutrients are
leached or unavailable to crops after just a few growing seasons.
ii.moonsoon
The dense population affects the agricultural practice of the people residing in this area. Terrace
farming, farms, etc. are small and people are forever land hungry.The soil is suitable for the cultivation
of cash crops like rice, maize, millet, sugarcane and jute. Besides agriculture, people are engaged in
animal rearing, fishing etc.
Iii savanna
Savanna biome is the biome which humans have been using for the longest. The word Savanna
originally comes from an Arawak word meaning land without trees but with much grass. Originally
humans lived in the Savanna biomes using its life as a source of food and materials. Humans have
continued to use Savanna biomes in such a way even into modern times. in places with traditional
Savanna have hunter-gatherer culture even to this day.. Humans use Savannas as a source of food as
well as other things such as fibre and wood production. Minerals are taken from these Savannas via
mining and Savannas have been transformed by humans into many things such as national parks,
tourism areas and urban development. Cattle have been raised in Savannas for mores years. Humans
also clear trees from Savannas to make them better for pasture production. They will also remove the
trees from the area because trees can be used by predators as cover and this means the predator will
find it easier to kill livestock.
DRY
Arid and semi-arid

The nomadic land use system has been an integral part of arid and semi-arid lands for the past several
thousand years. Rangeland ecosystems and pastoral systems co-adapted and co-evolved to increase the
land use efficiency and sustainability strategy. Short-term seasonal movements and long-term
migrations in search of better pastures were the main land use strategies enabling people to cope with
climate variability in this region. While in the semi-arid rangelands in e.g Kenya were predominantly
used as pastureland for both domestic livestock and wildlife. However, as a result of the increased
livestock and human populations in these semi-arid rangelands of Kenya in recent past, these
ecosystems have experienced changes in land use. This has led to increased pressure on the fragile
ecosystems as a result of cultivation of crops mainly for subsistence and overgrazing by livestock.
POLAR
Tundra
The tundra regions of the Earth are characterized by low rainfall and either thin layers of soil over
permafrost or thin layers of soil over alpine karsts. This thin soil layer means that trees do not grow in
the tundra, and as a result, the regions can be subject to high winds. SUBSISTENCE HUNTING; for most
of human history, the primary human use of the tundra has been subsistence hunting, fishing and
gathering of plants. This lifestyle is still practiced by the Inuit and Yu'pik native tribes in Alaska and
across northern Canada, where nomadic or seminomadic tribes migrate across the tundra following the
patterns of seal hunting and fishing for salmon, gathering nesting bird eggs, and caribou hunting. Similar
subsistence hunting societies exist in Siberia and Finland, though the species they hunt varies from
region to region. OIL EXPLORATION; There is also ongoing oil and mineral exploration and exploitation
going on.TOURISM;the tundra region is also exploited for tourism -- people come there to take
photographs, camp, fish for salmon, and hunt bear and caribou. Because of the lack of roads and the
general inaccessibility in the wintertime, where temperatures routinely drop below minus-30
Fahrenheit, this use is limited to the long summer days of the tundra and done with float-equipped
planes.
Icecap
There is very little surface life in ice cap climates. Vegetation cannot grow on ice, and is non-existent.
However, the fringes of ice caps do have significant animal life. Most of this life feeds on life in the
surrounding oceans. Well known examples are polar bears in the northern region and penguins in
Antarctica.
MILD
Mediterranean
This climate has a profound influence on the vegetation and wildlife of the region.Man has left its mark
across much of the landscape. The Mediterranean scrub, with its many flowers and aromatic plants, is a
direct result of centuries of human activities (livestock grazing, cultivation forest fires and clearances).
This scrub has evolved into a complex and intricate mobile patchwork of habitats, home to an
exceptionally rich biodiversity.
Marine
Fishing was probably the first use of the oceans by humans. In the last century, significant increases in
commercial fishing have resulted in the over-exploitation of many fish stocks.FisheriesHumans living
near the coast have probably always used the ocean as a source of food. However, with advances in
fishing equipment, larger ships and new tracking technologies, many fish stocks around the world have
reduced significantly. Fish stocks on continental shelf areas are now widely considered to be fully or
over exploited. Aside from reducing fish stocks, unsustainable fishing practices can have other negative
impacts on the marine environment.other activities include surfing,windsurfing ,watersurfing and
sailing.lastly tourism
CONTINENTAL
Subarctic climates
In pursuit of a livelihood, families and local bands shifted their location as the seasons changed.At times
people gathered around lakes to fishDespite much movement, shelters were not always portable.
they spent winters in houses excavated in the soil, roofed with beams and poles, hung with mats.
Vehicles were also vital, as people depended heavily on mobility for survival; these included bark
canoes, hardwood toboggans, and travel aids such as large sinew-netted snowshoes to run down big
game, a smaller variety to break trail for the toboggan, and snow goggles to use against the glare of the
spring sun.An idea of the extent to which people depended on game and of the labour involved in
obtaining adequate amounts of food can be gained from food-consumption ,consumed meat and fish in
addition to staples from the store, especially flour, lard, and sugar.Subarctic peoples augmented their
technical resourcefulness and skill in hunting with magic and divination. A noteworthy form of divination
used in locating game required heating a large animals shoulder blade over fire until it cracked. Hunters
then went in the direction of the crack. The random element in the method increased the chances that
they would go to a fresh, relatively undisturbed piece of ground.Across the Subarctic, people preserved
meat by drying and pounding it together with fat and berries to make pemmican. Other widely
distributed technical skills included complicated chemical processes, as in using animal brains or human
urine to tan caribou and moose skins; these were then sewn into garments with the help of bone
needles and animal sinew. Women also plaited rabbit skins into ropes and wove roots to form
watertight baskets.

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TROPICAL

Arid and semi-arid

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