Sophie Cuenot - Herv Bodeau

The history of mountains is filled with the names and feats of champions who
have excelled in the vertical world. However, the tools that help pave the way for
their triumphs are rarely, if ever, mentioned. Yet their design and improvement
over the course of this history has contributed to the success of increasingly bold
adventures, and to the development of a wide variety of mountain activities.

from the deep: the petzl adventure

For over forty years, Petzl and its founders have served this movement. Through
its caving heritage, in which Fernand Petzl played a major role, the manufacturer
has and continues to explore all facets of the mountains rock, snow, ice,
nighttime in addition to the complex world of mountain rescue and work
at height. From headlamps to the Grigri belay device, by way of alpine touring
bindings, harnesses, and ice axes, Petzls history is filled with inventions that
improve access, day and night, to countless types of terrain. Written like a novel,
this history also chronicles the saga of a family that started from nothing to build
a world-renowned brand.

Sophie Cuenot is a journalist who writes about the mountains; she and Robert Paragot co-authored
Paris Camp de Base, published by Gurin ditions. Herv Bodeau has worked in communications for
Petzl since 2002. From the deep: the Petzl adventure

35
ISBN: 978-2-35221-070-2

ditions
9 782352 210702 Gurin ditions Gurin
From the deep: the Petzl adventure
Petzl
Zone Industrielle
139 rue du Pr Blanc
38920 Crolles - France
Tl. : 33 (0)4 76 92 09 00
Fax : 33 (0)4 76 08 82 04
www.petzl.com

Cover photo:
Gouffre Berger cave, in the Treize room. At 500 meters, humor still has its place. Joseph Berger

ditions Gurin - Chamonix, 2012.

 Sophie Cuenot - Herv Bodeau

From the deep: the Petzl adventure

ditions Gurin
This story is based on research, eyewitness accounts, and personal experiences, but is not a complete
history. We could have spoken with many other people, given the depth of the Petzl story. We hope
that everyone who is or was at one point part of the Petzl adventure will see their contribution in
these pages. This book is dedicated to them.

Sophie Cuenot and Herv Bodeau

fo r ew o r d | Paul Petzl

The Petzl adventure started almost four decades ago, and I can tell its history interests people.
Ive seen that the founders, the environment in which the company works and thrives, its products,
the fact that its family-owned, its growth and success are all things that pique peoples curiosity.
The amount of interest surrounding all of this sometimes leaves me speechless; I often get questions
on the matter. On more than one occasion, Ive been asked to put Petzls story in writing. Why
bother? What good is looking backward? For whom would we even be writing? When everything
moves so fast and things need to get done, when there are men and women counting on you, what a
seemingly colossal waste of time!
Over time, through both successes and challenges, I have come to understand that the companys
past, the path it has taken, and the story of those who first imagined what it could accomplish,
are not simply antiquated musings but one of Petzls major strengths. Our history is also what made
me the person I am today, and it continues to be a source of inspiration for my vision of the present
and the future. As the years go by, the intrinsic value of this story has become self-evident.
I have not been alone, and the talent of all those who work with me, our opportunities, choices, and
often luck, are all an integral part of our history. Looking back, I can clearly see that my father Fernand
Petzls single-minded passion for caving played a fundamental and decisive role in the inception of
our products products used for moving across and for lighting up the vertical environment. Beyond
cavings unique mindset are the technical methods that lie at the heart of our approach. The passion
for exploration, the need to be both efficient and safe, the demands of confronting the darkness
as well as all things vertical, the taste for innovation and for coming up with unique solutions,
the collective aspect of our work all have allowed us, in activities that go far beyond caving,
to improve on the few existing tools, and more importantly, to invent new ones to make these
activities much more accessible. There, underground, in the yet-to-be discovered darkness, lies
Petzls DNA, the solid foundation of bedrock values that our entire cast of colleagues share.
Our most enthusiastic clients often surprise me by thanking us for having created these tools for their
passion be they cavers, climbers, mountaineers, search and rescue or work-at-height professionals.
Trust is the greatest gift they can give us; they have continued to place trust in us even during those
periods when we made mistakes, or failed to keep our promise to provide them with the very best.
What a tremendous responsibility! Our wholly independent, one-of-a-kind, family-run company,
focused on verticality and lighting, has become an international industrial enterprise. For my part,
I learn a breathtaking amount from the field every day. I learn how a business is able to grow, how to
foster creativity and generate new ideas, how and why people work together striving to achieve such
stunning success.
From Crolles to Salt Lake City, by way of Isre, Savoy, and Malaysia, the Petzl adventure is a
shared story. It is also the story of our distributors, who have stuck with us for years. To everyone
involved, I would like to pay a heartfelt tribute and express my sincere gratitude. I wanted
this book to be written for those who believe in humankind and in the idea that an innovative
business can be dedicated to its employees as well as its mission. It passes on some of our
history and common experience. Forty years have passed in the blink of an eye, and I remain in
awe of the Petzl teams energy, their collective expertise and talent, and their future potential.
Long live tomorrow!

Paul Petzl
PR E FAC E | Lynn Hill

The day was May 9, 1989. As I hiked the fifteen-minute walk up the trail to the cliff, I was thinking
about my life and how smoothly it seemed to be running. I was 28 years old, an American traveling
in France with my husband of seven months, earning a living as a professional rock climber. I only
had to turn my head to see the brand-new-car a compact metallic blue Ford that I had just won
in a climbing competition in Munich, Germany the week before. It seemed incredible, strange, even
a little perverse, that I could win cars, gain sponsorship, and be touted as a star in magazines and on
T.V. for rock climbing a sport that remained a complete mystery to most people. To be making a
living at something that I found so personally gratifying felt too good to be true. But sometimes our
situation in life can change unexpectedly in a flash, as it did that day.
The climbers in the valley described a blood-curdling scream that echoed off the walls. Even
Pierre, the Mayor of Buoux, who was sitting in his library a half-mile away, heard my cry. Looking
toward the source of the scream, climbers on neighboring routes saw a figure free falling 72 feet,
which I covered in less than 2 seconds! I had made the ultimate pilot error: I forgot to finish tying my
knot! A series of factors contributed to this near-fatal mistake: I was distracted talking to someone
while tying my rope into my harness, my jacket was hiding my harness (and my untied rope), and
I was climbing on top-rope, which allowed my rope to stay looped through my harness without falling
out as I climbed upward. I was supremely lucky to have survived this fall and to have come away
relatively unscathed, save for a dislocated elbow, a punctured pectoral muscle, and a very sore butt!
But being injured and having almost lost my life during a moment of absent-mindedness inspired me
to reflect about the essential meaning of life and my passion for climbing.
I realized that life is precious and that I should follow my heart when it comes to choices that
influence my quality of life. I was at a crossroads, and I had to make some difficult choices about
which path to take. Spending increasing amounts of time in France, I indulged in the simple pleasures
of life, including the delicious meals, cheeses, wines, and of course, the climbing on the abundance of
amazing limestone cliffs that are ubiquitous in France. I was having a great time climbing and hanging
out with a cool community of people, as well as learning as much as possible about the French culture
and language.
My first introduction to friends and colleagues at Petzl had taken place a few years prior at a
competition in Troubat, France in 1986. I felt honored to be given a new bright-colored lightweight
harness! I had never seen one that had a padded waistbelt and leg loops, and I was grateful to be
one of the few Americans to have this avant-garde harness. The following year, in 1987, I signed
my first sponsorship contract with Petzl - but only for the European market. The more time I spent
living in France, the more I wanted to stay and continue the learning process. So I took a leap of
faith and moved to the Provence region of Southern France. Shortly thereafter, in 1991, I made the
decision to sign a worldwide contract with Petzl since I identified with the core values of the company,
the high quality of their products, their commitment to safety, as well as with the people who helped
define those values.
My relationship with the company has evolved over the years, as the equipment has become more
advanced and the technological capability has increased. Ever since Fernand Petzl began making
specialized caving equipment and headlamps for himself and his friends, Petzl has continued to create
state-of-the-art products that are safe, durable, multi-purpose, lightweight, and simple to use. As the
climbing industry has grown and diversified over the years, Petzl has continued to create innovative
products using the latest technologies and materials. Ive witnessed the development of many new
cutting-edge testing, educational and production facilities, such as the V.axess institute, the Eybens
and Quatuor facilities, as well as the continued support of many climbing and community events such
as the annual Petzl Roctrip event. These efforts have contributed immensely to the culture and the
development of the international climbing community, in addition to having enhanced the efficiency
of many other activities that take place in the dark hours of the night, such as caving, high-work, trail
running.
Ultimately, my underlying motivation for working with Petzl has to do with the culture and humanity
of the people. I feel connected to a kind of extended family consisting of many sincere and dedicated
people. Its always a pleasure to cross paths with my colleagues from Petzl at their headquarters
in France, at trade shows, dinner parties, film festivals, and on climbing adventures at the annual
Roctrip event. Over the years that Ive been working with Petzl, Ive not only witnessed the evolution
of a company, but Ive watched the children of my colleagues grow up, new families form, and a
whole new generation of climbers discover the joy of climbing.
I feel fortunate to have maintained my relationship with Petzl over the past twenty-five years.

Lynn Hill
PROLOGUE
The Dent de Crolles.
 Prologue

The sound of a pounding hammer breaks the silence on this gray

and gloomy morning at the foot of the Dent de Crolles. Like a ligh-
thouse on a rocky seaside cliff, the limestone summit that towers over
the Grsivaudan Valley, located northeast of the alpine city of Gre-
noble, is enshrouded by a thick fog. What could these two climbers
possibly be doing halfway up the cliff in such awful weather!? What an
absurd idea to come climbing here in the middle of December. They
blow warm air onto their fingers between each move, yet continue to
hammer in piton after piton. The strange thing is, they dont seem to
want to reach the top. In the middle of this immense wall, they set up
what appears to be a tent. Are they planning to bivouac in the middle
of the day? Not at all. Rather, theyre setting up a platform. Once its
soundly attached to the rock, the taller of the two men stands up,
very carefully at first and then hops from one foot to the other with
excitement! After dancing around a bit, he settles down and pats his
partner on the shoulder as if to congratulate him. Within a few minutes,
the two men break down the platform before heading down to terra firma.
Jean-Paul Paris, aka Paname (a French nickname for the city of
Paris), can now head back to Lyon with one less thing to worry about.
Problem solved. There are many other elements to fine-tune, but this
was one of the most difficult: make a portable platform large and sturdy
enough to set up a small tent and withstand fierce Himalayan winds.
Robert Paragot, who placed him in charge of gathering the necessary
equipment to climb Makalus West Pillar, had clearly explained the issue
just a few weeks prior.

19
Prologue

Paname, we have a problem.

Whats the matter, boss? Did someone on the expedition get hurt?
Dont talk about accidents. No, I just spoke with a priest who
was part of Francos expedition in 55.
There was a priest on the expedition?
Yes, well no This priest was an experienced geographer who
wanted to take advantage of the expedition to map Makalu. I usually
have trouble believing what priests have to say, but in this case I trust
him: we wont be able to establish any camps on the upper third of the
Pillar; its too steep!
Then well need to bivy.
Jean-Paul Paris and Robert Paragot. Out of the question! I dont want any of my guys freezing to death
like an idiot at 8,000 meters, proclaimed the man whose companions
all had a body part amputated following the first ascent of Aconcaguas
South Face in 1954.
But how else can we do it?
Well need to find some way to hang our tents on the ridgeline
Youre going to get platforms made for us!
Jean-Paul expressed his reservations about this rather original idea
the portaledge would not be invented for another ten years but
the expedition leader trotted out his favorite expression, a mix of pride
and sarcasm, Nothing is too good for a national expedition!
In early November 1970, Jean-Paul Paris hit the road for Saint-
Ismier, a small town near Grenoble. With four months remaining until
the expedition left for Nepal, he drove back and forth across France to
deal with the most well-known equipment manufacturers: Simond and
Charlet Moser for their mountaineering gear, Pontvert for their boots,
Moncler for their jackets and sleeping bags, Millet for their backpacks,
and of course Suchard for their supply of chocolate His shopping
list included a set of ladders he had ordered from a certain Fernand
Petzl. A true handyman; perhaps he could make us the platform we
need, Robert Paragot ended up suggesting to his young and somewhat
distressed assistant. An artisan who set up shop right near Grenoble,
Fernand Petzl made a name for himself fifteen years beforehand when

20
 Prologue

he led an international expedition to explore the Gouffre Berger cave;

at 1,000 meters in depth, it was the deepest cave ever to be explored
at the time. Ironically, they would need the talents of a caver in order
to reach the lofty altitude of 8,463 meters. A stretch to say the least!
The first meeting took place in a bar. A very charming, older gent-
leman introduced himself to Jean-Paul. The young, rather boisterous,
engineer had trouble telling what the somewhat reserved artisan thought
about his plan. It was clear that the high mountains were not what he
knew best. In caving, you can always find a small alcove in which to rest
before descending or ascending a new shaft. No caver would ever think
of spending the night suspended above the void!
Two weeks later, a large envelope arrived at Jean-Pauls INSA
office in Lyon, the engineering school where he had also met Yannick
Seigneur, a key member of the upcoming expedition. Inside was a six-
page document with detailed sketches. The rather simple platform would
consist of red nylon fabric coated with PVC a material used to make Fernand Petzls sketches for the Makalu bivouac platforms.
waterproof caving oversuits as well as multiple tubes that fit together
to make the platform frame. Nothing was left to chance: seam direction
selected to minimize elasticity, the size of even the most insignificant
hole carefully calculated, the shape of each rivet scrutinized. Fernand
Petzl proposed interconnecting all parts with cords in order to avoid
dropping something while setting up the platform. The document looked
to have taken days to put together, but the bill was more than reasonable:
730French francs per platform, for a total order of four platforms.
After the conclusive test conducted by Jean-Paul Paris and Fernand
Petzl that cold day on the Dent de Crolles, the platforms took off for
Makalu base camp where they stayed for the entire expedition! A heli-
copter reconnaissance flight of the West Pillar revealed many potential
high-altitude camps. The Sherpas were relieved to learn that the climbers
would not need the hefty 15-kilo platforms. On May 19, 1971, Yannick
Seigneur and Bernard Mellet reached the summit.

21
 C h a p t e r I

D e s t i n a t i o n 1,000
Fernand Petzl climbing down a ladder in the Gouffre Berger caves Garby shaft.
 Destination 1,000

At the foot of the Chartreuse Mountains, Fernand Petzl and his sons
have little time to follow the Himalayan adventures of their mountainee-
ring clients. They receive unique and unusual orders almost on a daily
basis. Though not the boastful type, the nearly 60-year-old Fernand
allows himself some satisfaction for successfully setting up his own
craftsmans workshop. At this point, his profession, and his passion
caving have come together and appear to promise a bright future for
him and his family.
The future is where Fernand focuses all his efforts. The
Petzls dont really like looking back. Moving forward is what matters,
no matter what the cost. Yet remembering ones past is important since
all progress is built upon the foundation of previous accomplishments.
Step by step, the sum of each small breakthrough slowly creates a solid
base from which to move forward. Aspirations, over time, become
values that drive inspiration.
The first bricks in the foundation of the Petzl adventure were laid
at the beginning of the 20th century, through the sheer determination
of a young 21-year-old man. mile Rombauer wanted to become an
engineer. He mentioned it repeatedly to his father, a metalworker at
the well-known foundry in Resita, a once-small industrial town in the
Austro-Hungarian Empire and now a large city in Eastern Romania. But
his father didnt want to hear about his sons professional ambitions.
mile had already studied for years in Vienna and now it was time to
get to work; there was already a job waiting for him at the rubber goods
factory in Resita. The city of Resita, Romania, in 1969.

25
ChapterI

If thats how its going to be, Im leaving! One fateful day in 1902,
the young mile hopped on a train headed for France, a land of human
rights. And if France wanted nothing to do with him? Then he would
continue on all the way to the United States of America, the other land
of the free. The language barrier didnt scare him; in his homeland,
he spoke German, Romanian at school, and Hungarian with his friends.
To learn French, he would force himself to learn ten new words per day.
Perhaps he was busy working on his vocabulary when the train, after
crossing Austria-Hungary, Germany, as well as Alsace and Lorraine,
stopped near the French border in Lons-le-Saunier. A border patrol
officer tapped his shoulder and asked for his papers. mile, who did
not have a passport, quickly understood that he might be forced to
return to Resita, defeated before he could even get started. He tried
mile Petzl, born Rombauer, in 1969. explaining, objecting, and insisting, to such an extent that the border
agents brought him back to the police station and offered him a deal
of sorts: if mile wanted French citizenship, he could opt to join the
Foreign Legion. After five years of service, he could apply for citizenship.
mile did not hesitate long.
But before providing mile with the Legions well-known white kepi,
the army did a little background check and found something surprising.
His father had never officially recognized mile as his son, so he was not
allowed to enlist under the name Rombauer. For the young immigrant
who had left home on a whim, this was another shock. Long-repressed
memories came flooding back, including the long trip across the Danube
River on the boat that took him far from his mother. mile was the
son of Franoise Petzl, a young landlady from Budapest who apparently
provided more than just lodging to miles father when he lived in
Budapest for a few months. As mile would later explain in his memoirs,
written in perfect French, It was reckless of me to enter the world as
an illegitimate child. In spite of these somewhat awkward circums-
tances, his fathers family wanted to save the child from a life of misery,
and took custody of mile when he was three years old. Raised by
his grandmother and aunt, 400 kilometers away from Budapest,
mile suddenly understood why he was always treated differently from

26
 Destination 1,000

his six half-brothers and sisters. But since it was too late to dwell on the
past, he chose, per the armys recommendation, to adopt his mothers
Austrian last name: Petzl. Enlisted in the Legion on April 13, 1902,
the young traveler had no time to visit France. He was immediately ship-
ped off with the First Foreign Regiment to occupy the agricultural region
of Sidi Bel Abbs, in Algeria, and build bridges and roads in the area.
This long mission would indeed earn him French citizenship as well as
the rank of colonel but it also hardened him. His dream of becoming an
engineer had all but evaporated. Having fulfilled his military obligations
in 1907, mile stayed for a short time with a friend in Paris, where he
worked for a company that made scientific instruments.
A chance meeting, or rather a view, lifted his spirits considerably.
Every day from his room he could see, on the other side of the street,
the pretty young housekeeper of a local bourgeois family. The hello Louise Petzl, born Diot.
sign that he placed in his window in the morning, and that he flipped
over in the evening to wish her goodnight, eventually ended up winning
over the young Louise Diot. They celebrated their wedding in the capital
on November 21, 1908. Three years later, Edmond was born, and the
family decided to move to the town of Fourchambault, in the Nivre
region of Burgundy, close to where Louise had grown up. The area had
many factories, and mile quickly found work as a supervisor with a
woodworking machine manufacturer. One year later, after his second
son Fernand was born, World War I began.
Called back to duty, the former Legionnaire found himself once
again in the familiar terrain of North Africa. He was placed in charge Fernand Petzl.
of a disciplinary battalion in the southern Tunisian town of Tataouine,
with former prisoners, nicknamed the Joyous Ones, under his com-
mand. They were undisciplined and difficult to lead, to say the least.
mile would later tell the story of how his men would steal his post-
cards and take cruel pleasure in writing them out for him. A fierce glare
from from the men would usually put to rest any inclination to file a
complaint Luckily, miles former boss in Fourchambault called him
back to work as a supervisor when the factory was requisitioned by the
French government to manufacture ammunition.

27
ChapterI

Once these dark years had passed, mile had a hard time being
satisfied with his job at the factory. Now in his thirties, mile dreamed
of independence and starting his own venture. Thus began a long
journey for the Petzl family, which now had a third boy, Charles, born in
1916. They moved frequently. In Bourg-les-Valence, mile was manager
at a shoe store, while Louise ran a mens clothing store. Two years later,
they were working in another shoe store in Lyon, but business wasnt
great. The family moved back to the Drme region, this time in Romans
where, after working at a few factories, mile tried his hand at selling
jointless hardwood flooring, a new technology that did not succeed as
expected. mile came up with other inventions over the years that saw
Grenoble and the Grsivaudan Valley. little or no commercial success, such as a device to keep boiling milk
from overflowing out of the pot.
mile had yet to find his lifes work. In 1926 he made a fateful
decision for his familys future by setting up business in Lancey, a town
near Grenoble. The Petzls would now establish roots in the Grsivaudan
Valley, situated between the Chartreuse and Belledonne Mountains.
This time around, the goal was to manage a Casino grocery store,
a chain of stores that had been growing steadily since the beginning of
the century. Unfortunately, the store went bankrupt after a year and the
inability to collect unpaid bills from clients placed the family in financial
Workers leaving the Merlin Gerin factory in Grenoble in 1925. difficulty. To reimburse their own debts, mile worked for two years
in a button factory while Edmond, his eldest son, made wooden toys
for Casino. The family was forced to sell its dining room furniture to
make ends meet.
In 1930, mile joined the Grenoble-based company Merlin Gerin,
where he would stay for the rest of his career. The electrical equipment
manufacturer, founded ten years earlier by Paul-Louis Merlin and Gaston
Gerin, gradually became one of the economic pillars of the area. mile
was initially hired as a simple laborer, but quickly learned the intricacies
of switches, circuit breakers, and other electronic devices. Through
thoughtful study, he often found ways to simplify both devices and
their production. He subsequently became a draftsman in the design
department and registered many patents over the years. At the end of his

28
 Destination 1,000

career, after contracting tuberculosis, mile was bedridden. But Boss

Merlin continued to employ him, paying frequent visits to enlist his
aid in the development of new products.
During the 1930s, mile revealed considerable talent beyond
industrial design. Assisted by his three sons who were told to put
their toys aside he started building a house in Saint-Ismier, among
the vineyards and fruit trees on the southeast-facing slopes of the
Chartreuse Mountains. At Villa Louise, no modern comfort was
spared. They employed motorized tools to work the land, whereas the
neighbors were still using oxen. mile also built a huge refrigerator in the
middle of the houses main room, with cooling pipes and a compressor.
His grandchildren would see it decades later, still working perfectly.
Louise maintained the garden and house in impeccable order, including
the bathroom with indoor plumbing, a modern amenity that none of
the surrounding farms had. There was also the Petzl family car, a Renault
6 CV, the first car anyone in the village had ever owned! As the family
continued to focus almost all of its energy on work, the desire to advance
and succeed permeated everything they did.

Due to their tough upbringing, the three boys were hard workers and
rarely backed down from a challenge. Fernand, the youngest, became
an apprentice right after earning his grade school diploma. He crossed
the Isre River every day and walked to the mill in Lancey, a roughly
fifteen-kilometer round trip. His next job was with Baumler, a craftsman
in Grenoble. There he learned how to model and design wood molds
for foundries. This time around, he rode to and from work on a bicycle.
The days were long and tiring, without any sort of acknowledgment or
appreciation
His brothers Edmond and Charles continued to gain professional
experience. Later, the two of them would move abroad, the elder to
Canada, the younger to Sub-Saharan Africa. Fernand had no plans to
move far away. Around the time he turned 25, he set up his own business
as a modeler, right next to where his parents lived, in the town of Saint-
Nazaire-les-Eymes. He built his workshop using old poles from the Fernand Petzl in 1939.

29
ChapterI

recently closed Grenoble-Chapareillan tramway as beams. After providing

forty years of loyal service to the Grsivaudan Valley, the tramway had
reached the end of its useful life and was being dismantled.
The workshop was filled with machines a milling machine, a lathe,
a drill, and a welder as well as a variety of metal plates and pipes. In the
middle of the workshop sat his workbench, always covered with various
parts. But the disorder could be misleading. Every time a foundry sent
him a new order, Fernand went through the same ritual: he would push
the mess to one side with a broom handle, then flip the broom over
to sweep the dust away. Next, he would get to work. Sitting in front
of him was the large drafting board, tilted to 45 degrees, that he had
made himself. He would lay out the plans that the engineers had sent,
and that he had probably taken the time to simplify. All that remained
was to gather his tools, always carefully organized in cleverly designed
drawers mounted on ball bearings.

Always meticulous and focused, Fernand worked from morning till

night. The difference between he and his father was that Fernand had
something he enjoyed doing, a passion. As an adolescent, he had gone
skiing a few times with his friends. It took a fair amount of motivation
Fernand Petzl in a group of skiers. to hike from Domne, with skis on his shoulder, to the top of the
2,250-meter-high Croix de Chamrousse to ski just one descent! While
he was 17 years old, he discovered caving where he immediately felt
right at home, while others found it frightening and arduous. At the
beginning of the 1930s, with his brother, Edmond, he went caving for
the first time in the hillside just above the Petzl home, exploring one
of the Dent de Crolles many caves. From that point on, the Dent de
Crolles became Fernands secret playground where his life would take
on another dimension.
The imposing molar-shaped summit on the edge of the Chartreuse
Mountains had long attracted those interested in subterranean explora-
tion. Edouard-Alfred Martel, considered the father of modern caving,
mile Petzls family. From left to right: mile, Elizabeth Diot explored some of the areas caverns in 1899. In 1933, Robert de Joly,
(Louises mother), Edmond, Louise, Charles, and Fernand. then president of the French Caving Society, succeeded in proving that

30
 Destination 1,000

the Trou du Glaz, located at the bottom of the West Face, joined with
the Guiers-Mort, a cave that serves as the exit point for a river bearing
the same name, some four hundred meters below. Linking these two
passages constituted one of the challenges that this fabulous playground
offered. Fernand often said that The Dent de Crolles is so hollow that
it could be seaworthy if you plugged all the holes.
Among the pioneers of this period of cave exploration, Pierre Chevalier
was one of the most passionate. A chemical engineer in Lyon, he was
also a talented mountaineer from the Groupe de Bleau (Fontainebleau
Gang) that included some of the strongest Parisian climbers. Following
in Robert de Jolys footsteps, he hoped to successfully explore the Dent
de Crolles with his friends from the Lyon Caving Club. In 1936, he was
a bit vexed to discover that others were actively exploring the same area,
in particular a certain Fernand, who had written his name in red paint
at the top of a vertical shaft: Puit Fernand. The author apparently Pierre Chevalier in 1936.
had a problem with spelling But a year later, while passing through
the same area, Pierre Chevalier came across the same inscription,
this time spelled correctly: Puits Fernand. Intrigued, he explored the
cave in question, discovering many other markings. Who was this mystery
man? A the time, the number of people who enjoyed exploring the dark
depths could practically be counted on one hand And why not try to
form a partnership, after all? Wouldnt that be much more effective?
After speaking with a few locals, Pierre finally met Fernand, and
the two clicked immediately. In his book, Subterranean Climbers, Pierre
wrote a few lines that capture the long friendship that had just begun
between the engineer and the mechanic: The team gained an additio-
nal member who would become my alter ego in conquering the Trou
du Glaz []. Fernand is a very composed young man; underneath a
rather serene faade lies a heart of gold and a fierce amount of energy.
Like me, he does not feel the need to talk when he has nothing to say,
and we would often only exchange a few words during rather long
outings. A friendship does not always require words.
Pierre, Fernand, and their friends would spend weekends filled
with both routine and the unexpected. During the week, they would The first letter between Pierre Chevalier and Fernand Petzl.

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ChapterI

Diagram of their progress in the Dent de Crolles underground network published in Pierre Chevaliers book Escalades souterraines (Subterranean Climbers).

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Destination 1,000

33
ChapterI

exchange detailed letters, meticulously planning an expedition. They

established the goals of the outing, reviewed the latest carefully prepared
topographic information, confirmed they had all necessary equipment,
went over logistics, timing On Saturday morning, Pierre would arrive
from Lyon by train, and having brought his bike, would pedal a dozen
kilometers from the train station in Grenoble to Saint-Ismier. From
there, wearing old mountaineering clothes, the whole group would
ride their bikes up a long and very steep hill to the sanatorium in Saint-
Hilaire du Touvet, located on the Petites Roches Plateau. A three-hour
hike was then required to reach the entrance of the Trou du Glaz cave
at 1,700 meters elevation. During the first few years, their backpacks
were weighed down by rolled ladders with wooden rungs and battery
packs for their electric lamps.
Despite all the preparation, entering the cave meant facing the
unknown. They would usually emerge sometime late Sunday evening,
Pierre Chevalier and Guy Labour in the Mont Blanc Range. if not Monday morning at dawn Upon their return, staggering with
fatigue after having gone without sleep for dozens of hours, they would
hop on their bicycles, which were ingeniously outfitted to keep the
brakes from wearing out too quickly: a bundle of sticks anchored to the
back of the bicycle or a rod dragging on the ground beneath the pedals,
served as brakes. A hazardous affair indeed, but nothing compared to
two days spent exploring the bowels of the earth.
When the Second World War started, Fernand and Pierre had
already explored 3,000 meters of caves and shafts, for a sum total of
5,500 documented meters within the Dent de Crolles network of caves.
Of course, they were not alone in this colossal task. Over the years,
they were able to count on their loyal friends, Charles Petit-Didier,
Jean Trmeau, and even Franois Guillemin. Not to be forgotten are the
handful of women who joined them and didnt just stay behind to cook
at the campsite. Among them was Annette Bouchacourt, whose life was
tragically cut short in a ski accident. Guy Labour also participated from
time to time; he became well-known following a forced stay in the bowels
of the Nantillons Glacier in Chamonix in 1934, and whose story would
later inspire Roger Frison-Roche to write the novel La Grande Crevasse.

34
 Destination 1,000

As for Fernands brothers, Charles was not really interested in caving,

and Edmond decided to end his caving career after spending a total of
105 hours underground. Over a span of twelve years, Fernand would
spend 834 hours in the darkness, according to the impeccable records
kept by Pierre Chevalier, who himself led the rankings with 960 hours
The emerging world conflict seemed to have little effect on their
plans. Traveling and communication became more complicated, but did
not dampen the groups enthusiasm for exploration. During the 1939
Christmas holidays, after four months of mind-numbing inaction,
Pierre Chevalier was joined by his courageous wife to navigate, soaked
to the bone, a passage in the Guiers Mort cave that he named Coupe de
Nol (Christmas Glass). On his end, Fernand Petzl continued to push
forward. To reach the top of a seven-meter high, impossible-to-climb
wall, he built a portable climbing mast that Pierre had designed.
During this period of scarce resources, Fernand succeeded in designing
the low-cost, 25-meter apparatus by using pieces of furnace piping that
could be connected to each other. Guy-wires stabilized the structure
and served as ladder attachments. The entire system weighed no less
than 30kilos and had to be moved through tight, dark spaces. It was
definitely worth the effort, as the mast proved vital on more than one
occasion: for ascending steep sections, descending shafts by sliding down
the pole like firefighters, or even for crossing gaps if you were brave
enough to precariously hang above the void from the contraption...
The mutual trust between Fernand and Pierre grew over the course
Map of a section of the Guiers Mort cave. Sketch published
of their successes and failures. The names they gave to different sections
in Pierre Chevaliers book Escalades souterraines
of the vast underground network aptly described their adventures: (Subterranean Climbers).
the Labyrinth, Stalactite Ledge, Drainage Tunnel, and Moonshine Shaft.
Even if each continued the exploration individually on occasion, they
always did so with the utmost caution, since they only trusted each
other to get out of a bind. Accidents were not as rare as one would have
hoped. In August 1941, the same day the two men and their friends
finally succeeded in completing the link between the Trou du Glaz and
the Guiers Mort caves, Fernand took a bad fall when a piton pulled.
He fell roughly 17 meters, head first, and took over an hour to regain

35
ChapterI

Daniel Gagneur
and Fernand Petzl
with the climbing mast.

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 Destination 1,000

consciousness, in spite of the cries from his friends who were unable to
reach him. With his nose smashed, his plexus indented from the impact
with a lamp battery pack, and his knees in pain, Fernand was able to
climb back up to his friends, thanks to a bit of rope that Pierre managed
to toss down to him. Fernands strong will to survive helped him to deal
with the agonizing pain, prolonged by a never-ending descent, strapped
to a mule, all the way to the sanatorium in Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet.
The rescue took seventeen hours. Fernand never again regained his
sense of smell, and he always enjoyed asking cavers who planned to pass
by the accident site, Bring me back any small white rocks you come
across.Those are my teeth.
Whether dealt with success or failure, the cavers could never get
enough. After the first successful underground crossing of the Dent de
Crolles, they decided to extend their knowledge of the cave network
even further by exploring the area between the summit plateau and the
Trou du Glaz. Breaking the record for the deepest cave ever explored
was also in the back of their minds In Subterranean Climbers, Pierre
Chevalier wondered if Fernands wife approved of his decision to continue
pursuing such a dangerous activity. Just prior to the war breaking out,
Fernand had married Lucienne Ginet, a school teacher in Saint-Ismier;
they moved into Luciennes parents house where little Jacques, born
in 1940, would grow up. We can easily imagine how Fernands worried
wife would have answered Pierres question
Realizing that they were spending a lot (too much?) time underground, Lucienne and Fernand in the Chartreuse Mountains.
Pierre and Fernand decided to try using chemistry to more easily find
their way through this new maze they wanted to explore. They tried
using pungent trace gases smoke grenades, titanium chloride in
the Trou du Glaz, hiking as quickly as possible to the top of the Dent
de Crolles in the hopes of seeing black smoke exiting one of the many
cracks and crevices scattered across the plateau. But the experiments
were in vain, and the two were left to take on the shaft simply referred
to as P40, discovered by Pierre Chevalier and his friends in 1936.
This, the most extensive shaft in the area according to their estimates,
should logically allow them to complete their link-up.

37
ChapterI

Exploration of the Dent de Crolles as illustrated by Pierre Chevalier in Escalades souterraines (Subterranean Climbers).

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 Destination 1,000

Far from the caves, the war raged on, reminding them every so often
of its presence. In April 1943, Fernand received his STO (forced labor)
draft notice. Like so many others, he dreaded having to go to work in
Germany, and hid out in Grenoble where he continued as best he could
to work as a craftsman. Wearing a trench coat, a hat, and dark glasses,
Fernand would occasionally run into his caving friends in town, but he
no longer dared set foot near the Dent de Crolles. That part of the Gr-
sivaudan Valley was overrun with occupation forces following a bombing.
But Fernand would end up joining his group of friends a month later.
He no longer had anything to fear since he was now a firefighter!
A young employee at the prefecture had explained the trick: firefighters
were too badly needed in France for them to be sent to Germany. Fer-
nand officially registered as a firefighter, not a modeler, despite the fact
that he had never handled a fire hose in his life... although he had spent
years getting drenched climbing over, under, and through underground
waterfalls. The sprayee had become the sprayer, so to speak. He was
mobilized at the very end of the war, and sent to the Ardennes with a
rifle whose barrel was completely clogged with dirt. To his great relief,
he would hand back his weapon still clogged with dirt just a few
days later, when the armistice was signed.
While waiting for the liberation, the group continued to move
forward in its exploration. Fernand had become increasingly talented Pierre Chevalier, Charles Petit-Didier and Fernand Petzl.
and inventive at designing and building equipment from scratch. For
the tallest shafts, he designed a wooden platform that could serve as
an anchor for setting up the climbing mast. When he and his partners
wanted to clear out the rock-filled Cave of Sighs he perfected a sort
of flat-bottomed boat that slid on the sand in order to clear out the
debris. Fernand also tested a few other tools of his own design, most
notably hooks to ascend a knotted rope, similar to those that roofers
were already using at the time.
Although not every invention represented a significant breakthrough,
some immediately became essential. Such was the case for nylon rope.
The new plastic fiber, invented in the United States, started being
used by the Rhne-Poulenc company where Pierre Chevalier worked.

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ChapterI

The caver asked the Joanny rope manufacturing company if it could

make ropes from nylon, which he started testing in the Dent de Crolles
with his friends in 1943. The first nylon ropes were as stiff as cables
and pricked his hands, but after some experimenting, the manufactu-
rer finally found the right fiber thickness. This marked the beginning
of the end for hemp ropes, which absorbed water and broke easily.
No longer did the group need to take their ropes down after each outing
for fear they would rot. It was a major innovation that, after the war,
mountaineers would take advantage of as well.
In the spring of 1947, after having finally discovered how to
link the summit of the Dent de Crolles with the Trou du Glaz cave,
Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl and their friends felt they had achieved
their goal. Twelve years after their first outings, the network they had
explored was 603 meters deep the French record and one could
cross the Dent de Crolles four different ways through 17 kilometers of
caves and shafts. Subterranean Climbers, Pierre Chevaliers book, would
The story of the Dent de Crolles exploration. capture the imagination of cavers across the world, as few sites at the
time presented a combination of such difficult conditions: frigid tem-
peratures due to the altitude the summit of the Dent de Crolles sits
at 2,062meters wet shafts, and a maze of caverns where one could
easily get lost despite the meticulous guidebook written by the pioneers.
Pierre Chevalier encouraged other cavers to take on the challenges
that we left unresolved, and his call to action was heard around the
world! Today, the Dent de Crolles network extends over 60 kilometers
and continues to grow every year.
After this feat, widely heralded by the press, Fernand chose to main-
tain a low profile and let Pierre Chevalier deal with the cameras and
the limelight; little did he know that he was going to once again enter
the history books of modern caving. While the Dent de Crolles team
was busy breaking the record in France, another group of young cavers
opened the door to an even more expansive underground universe just
a few kilometers away. This time around, the excitement was focused on
the Vercors Mountains, just west of Grenoble. For a long time, people
had puzzled over the source of the Germe River, which emerged at the

40
 Destination 1,000

Fernand Petzl and Pierre Chevalier.

41
ChapterI

1 4
In Gouffre Berger cave. 1: Fernand Petzl, Georges Garby and Claudine Leconte. 2: Fernand Petzl. 3: Fernand carves the name of team members who reached -500 m.

42
 Destination 1,000

6 7
4: Jean Cadoux in the arms of Jean Lavigne. 5: team picture in 1955. 6: Aldo Silanoli belaying Fernand Petzl at -903 m. 7: Aldo Silanoli.

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ChapterI

well-known Cuves de Sassenage (underground cisterns). Where did

this whitewater, that filled up the two extraordinary natural cauldrons,
one of the Seven Wonders of the Dauphin province, come from? Here
was yet another mystery for cavers to solve.
On October 27, 1947, in Styx Cavern, Louis Eymas, 24 years old
at the time, discovered by accident, by sliding through a crawlspace,
that the Cuves did not form a dead end. He and his friends continued
to explore the area, usually at night so as to avoid both tourists and the
Cuvess caretaker.They explored the networks first kilometer, which
proved to be such a fascinating site that it became the setting for one of
the more exceptional color movies of the era. It was filmed in winter,
Jacques, Paul, Pierre and their mother, Lucienne Petzl. in rather harsh conditions, but director Georges Marry and his
team were rewarded for their efforts: In 1953, La Rivire sans toile
(The Starless River) won multiple awards at the International Mountain
Film Festival in Trento, Italy.
In spite of the films success, its heroes had yet to find the rivers
starting point, and decided to look for the source 1,000 meters above the
Cuves, on the limestone plateau in Sornin. The prairies in the area were
covered in limestone pavement, with hundreds of cracks and crevices
that could potentially provide access to the coveted network of caves.
History will remember that it was 22-year-old Joseph Berger who first
slid through the narrow entrance of the very deep cavern that now bears
his name. Now that an opening had been found, all that remained was
to explore from one end of the cave to the other.
This time around, a properly organized expedition needed to be put
together. Fernand Petzl, the Dent de Crolles veteran, was clearly the
ideal expedition leader in the eyes of the French Alpine Clubs Caving
Group, which asked him to participate in the project. Among the young,
enthusiastic explorers on the team were Jean Lavigne, Jean Cadoux, and
Georges Garby; Fernand would assume the role of wise elder. Remo-
ved from the unbounded exuberance and petty rivalries of youth, the
fortysomething kept his wits about him in any and all circumstances.
In addition, Fernand continued to give top priority to his profession as
a craftsman, and despite his numerous absences, also understood his

44
 Destination 1,000

responsibilities as father of three sons, following the birth of Pierre in

1945, and of Paul five years later. He had also started looking after his
mother, following miles death from tuberculosis in 1950.
It was in the expedition leaders workshop that the Gouffre Berger
team members came to assemble their endless cable and aluminum
tubing ladders. Caving equipment had not really evolved much since the
end of the war, but everyone loved Fernands old Citron pickup truck
that they used to get to Engins, the closest village to their base camp.
In September 1954, the team first reached minus 740 and then minus
903 meters, breaking the world depth record twice in a row, originally set
in the Pyrenees by cavers Georges Lpineux, Max Cosyns, and Haroun
Tazieff, who had explored the Gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Martin Cave.
Tazieff, the legendary volcanologist, asked to be involved in the Gouffre
Berger adventure. On that day, Fernand Petzl was deep underground.
His friends called him using a telephone line that had been meticulously
laid across various caverns and shafts. His answer to the inquiry was,
absolutely not; Haroun Tazieff was not at all welcome. Fernand felt
the project was dangerous enough, and it did not need to be hindered
by celebrities in search of their next prize. Fernand Petzl.
Nevertheless, the Gouffre Berger expedition became a media event.
In 1956, the symbolic depth of 1,000 meters was imminent. The team
decided to invite both French and foreign cavers to participate in setting
the future record. This was the opportunity for the Grenoble team to
prove their worth to the powerful French Caving Society, a primarily
Parisian bourgeois organization that had the tendency to look down
on them. Eight countries answered the call: Belgium, Czechoslovakia,
Great Britain, Italy, Lebanon, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland. A total of
40men, including 18 foreigners, would attempt to reach the never-before
attained depths. Occurring during a decade when the major Himalayan
ascents occupied the limelight, where Annapurna the first 8,000 meter
peak ever climbed was conquered by the French, Operation minus
1,000 attracted the press in droves. Victims of their own success, the
expedition team and its leader were slightly overwhelmed by the turn
of events, despite unexpected help from a helicopter and by the army. Welding the eyelets onto a caving ladder.

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ChapterI

In spite of the logistical and communications challenges, on August 19,

1956, after 380 hours underground for the lead team fifteen days in
a row they returned to the surface, victory in hand. The world record
was decisively shattered when Aldo Sillanolis group reached the caves
final drainage tube, 1,122 meters below the surface.
Fernand Petzl accompanied most of the foreign cavers, who went next,
to the very bottom. The second group was forced to spend 20hours
stuck at the bottom when the water level suddenly rose too high in one
particular passage. Fortunately, everyone climbed out safe and sound.
The only regret was never being able to link up with the Cuves de
Sassenage, which, while close, were separated from the tube by a series
of small cracks through which only water could pass. But it hardly mat-
tered. Once outside, the popping flashbulbs blinded the caving heroes.
The French and foreign press had its front-page story for the following
day, and French President Ren Coty sent a congratulatory telegram.
Fernand kept his distance, busily organizing the gear, a task no one else
seemed interested in.
The expedition leader did not pen any of the stories that subsequently
appeared. The words of George Marry probably suited him just fine:
After its victory in 1956, the SGCAF team was tired, old, and perhaps
just a little bit disillusioned. [] And many of us had had enough of
caving, having done it intensively for such a long time. It was time to
start living a normal life again.Fernand filed all these experiences
away somewhere deep in his memory. Whenever his family wanted to
look at photos of his explorations, he told them he found it depressing.
He never made any serious attempt to teach his sons to cave, taking
them underground only once or twice.
But Fernand closed this chapter of his life in order to open a new
one. He had no intention of walking away from a passion that had
consumed all his free time for twenty years; his mind was overflowing
with ideas. Although he no longer had any desire to participate in the
dangerous activity itself, he wanted to focus all of his energy on serving
the caving world in another way, and ensuring its place in the wider
universe of mountaineering.

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 Destination 1,000

Fernand Petzl.

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 C h a p t e r II

v er t i cal craf t s m e n
Fernand Petzl testing a descender.
 V e r t ic a l craftsmen

All is quiet at the dinner table. The The One-thousand Franc Ques-
tion radio quiz show is on France Inter, and everyone is listening intently.
Oblivious to the buzzer, which tells the radio contestants when to give
their answer, Catherine thinks back to the meals from her childhood,
in the big house in Saint-Viaud, along the Loire River estuary in the
historical Pays de Retz region. Her thoughts are engulfed with memories
from her youth: cousins crowded around the table, the joyous hustle and
bustle resonating in the huge dining room Such a stark contrast with
her current family environment. In the Petzl household, the workdays
flow by, one after the other, without the time or desire to entertain.
The end of the radio show puts an end to the womans daydreaming.
Fernand and Pierre quickly head to the workshop, Lucienne clears the
table and returns to her housework. Catherine leaves for class. She is
studying business management and administration at one of the many
universities in Grenoble, while waiting for her fianc to return home.
Paul was completing his military service with the 6th Chasseurs
Alpins mountain infantry batallion. Based in Uriage, in the mountains
just above Grenoble, he had permission to return home to his parents
house every weekend to work in the workshop. He and Catherine had
met two years earlier, during the summer of 1970. They had both chosen
to work for the same youth volunteer charity construction organization,
Compagnons Btisseurs, in Germany. Their eyes first met during the bus
ride from Paris to Cologne. Catherine was not accustomed to traveling
and felt a bit lost. After two weeks together pushing wheelbarrows to
build a retirement home, Paul summoned the courage to ask the pretty Fernands workshop in Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes in 1962.

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ChapterII

girl from Brittany for her home address. The following summer, after
many letters, the two friends chose the more romantic setting of an
Alsatian castle to continue getting to know each other, while cleaning
old castle walls. This time, however, waiting until the next construction
project to see each other again was out of the question.
The two still needed to be patient, since Catherine was at a crossroads
in her career. Five years earlier, she had left high school to become a
pharmacy technician; at the time, the meticulous and detail-oriented
profession had appealed to her. Just recently, however, the Ministry of
Education had instituted a policy that allowed young people without a
diploma to pursue higher education, so she decided to go back to school,
heading to Paris for a refresher course. By working day and night, she
was able to obtain her high school diploma in just a few months. When
applying to universities, she of course chose one in Grenoble, a faraway
destination for her, but where her suitor was anxiously awaiting her arrival.
Catherine moved in with Paul at his home in Saint-Ismier, even
though their union was not yet official. The young student took a
few months to become accustomed to her new environment.
It wasnt about money; although Catherines mother descended from a
long line of Breton aristocrats, her family was no wealthier than Pauls.
On her fathers side, she remembered a country doctor great-grand-
father who never seemed to get paid, and an artist grandfather who
Paul Petzl. sold his paintings for a pittance to eke out a living. In spite of it all,
her father ended up inheriting property on which he grew vegetables
to sell at the local farmers market. What turned out to be most diso-
rienting for the young lady from the Atlantic coast was the workaholic
atmosphere in the Petzl household. There were also the surrounding
mountains which held little appeal for her. In addition, her future father-
in-law was capable of disappearing into the mountains for days on end!
His wife, so affectionate and considerate with her children, had always
put up with the solitude. For Catherine, all of this was rather strange.
Although Fernand spent a lot of time caving, it wasnt in order to
break records. After the Gouffre Berger triumph, he decided to focus
Catherine Petzl. on rescue. By making the front page, caving had attracted a new crowd

52
 V e r t ic a l craftsmen

of enthusiasts and the number of participants doubled after the end of

the war. With the number of explored caves growing at a rapid pace,
the number of accidents increased as well. Certain accidents made a
significant impression on the public, such as a 1961 incident in which
a group of Boy Scouts remained stuck in the Trou du Glaz cave for
days. Starting in 1965, Fernand Petzl began overseeing almost all search
and rescue operations for the Grenoble region. Like clockwork, two
or three major rescues took place each year, usually in a disorganized
fashion. All too often, the rescues were complicated due to inadequate
equipment and inexperienced volunteers, not to mention the total lack
of insurance to cover rescuers.
As head of the Isre Caving Commission, Fernand created an entity
well-suited to coordinating rescue operations with the authorities.
He decided to follow the example of mountain rescue, which in the Fernand Petzl during a Gouffre Berger cave rescue in 1965.
Dauphin province had been organized and run by a specialized private
entity since 1910 before being managed by the government at a national
level starting in 1958. The Socit Splo Secours Isre (Isre Caving
Search and Rescue) was officially created in July 1970, and two years
later, Fernand became the first technical consultant for the prefecture,
a position he held for ten years. From then on, cavers were recognized
by the authorities as experts in all subterranean rescues.
In addition to the reorganization, significant progress was being
made in extraction techniques for injured individuals. And once again,
Fernand the craftsman played a major role. He designed an articulated
rescue litter, equipped with an integrated helmet, significantly improving Demonstrating how to use an articulated litter during a
safety for accident victims. In 1966, the equipment played a critical role caving convention in 1965.
in rescuing young Jacqueline Bocquet, who took a 22-meter fall in the
Gouffre Berger cave. With two broken vertebrae, she was evacuated
using the rigid stretcher and to the surprise of her doctors, her spinal
cord was not damaged in the rescue. Another innovation involved using
pulleys and hydraulic jacks horizontally, i.e. an extendable bar that used
compression against the cave walls to remain in place, enabling rescuers
to more easily haul the injured. Fernand first started making these
tools for Isre Search and Rescue, then for caving clubs all over France.

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ChapterII

His second son, Pierre, more interested in hands-on mechanics than in

pursuing a university education, joined him full-time in the workshop
in 1964 to help manage the significant increase in workload. Paul also
helped out on weekends and holidays.
During the same period, Fernands main source of income started
to dwindle. His primary clients business was slowing down, a foundry
that ordered models to cast wing nuts for oil well drill bits, and ball
mechanisms for the steering unit of Berliet cars. Caving took up an
increasing amount of time and space in the workshop, which frequently
looked more like a beehive than anything else. People came to tinker
with their equipment, buy ladder rungs, or just ask for advice. The
small workshop became the bustling epicenter of the caving revolution
that took place in the 1970s. The Seine (near Paris) and La Tronche
Georges Marbach in 1970. (near Grenoble) Caving Clubs, pressured by their younger members,
decided to stop using ladders for caving. A heavy and cumbersome piece
of equipment that required constant maintenance, ladders represented
a significant burden for the caver.
The solution consisted of replacing ladders with rope, especially for
descents. Certain cavers with mountaineering backgrounds already rap-
pelled by running the rope over their shoulder and around their waist,
a technique both uncomfortable and particularly dangerous in dark
and slippery underground shafts. Small descenders started to appear
on the market with names like pirate or cheating death, and were
of questionable reliability. Little by little, cavers started to ascend with
ropes, using metal clamps called monkeys. The technique, invented
by Henri Brenot back in the 1930s remained rather arduous.
Two events hastened the ladders retirement. A book written in 1973
1973: the first edition quickly became the caving bible. Georges Marbach and Jean-Claude
of the cavers bible. Dobrilla, paying little attention to the purists who called them assassins,
wrote Alpine Caving Techniques, which described their new techniques
in a meticulous yet intelligible manner. In their book, the two authors
also highlighted innovative equipment, the second driver of the caving
transformation. Some of the new equipment was developed by Bruno
Dressler. As early as the 1960s, the engineering student, a member of

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both the Paris and Seine Caving Clubs, started making his own metal
tools in his parents basement. For this ad hoc manufacturing process,
he would heat aluminum alloy to 600C and hammer the material into
the desired shape, before soaking it in cold water. He developed a pulley,
a clamp for self-belayed ascent, and an S-shaped descender that kept
the rope from twisting on rappel and from throwing the caver into a
dizzying spin.
Bruno Dresslers friends affectionately referred to him as Professor
Calculus, and his inventions were destined to become an essential part
of caving gear. Very quickly, through word of mouth, he began to receive
dozens of orders. Although he moved to Lyon to attend the prestigious
Ecole Centrale de Lyon engineering school, he continued to make gear
with the help of the Tritons Caving Club, which provided him with a
small workshop and put him in touch with sub-contractors capable of Fernand Petzl in his workshop.
performing the metalwork and the machine tooling.But in 1966, with
his compulsory military service approaching, Bruno had no real desire
to spend his entire engineering career working on caving equipment
afterwards. Since no one in his caving club seemed motivated enough
to file, drill, or bend metal, i.e., to take his place, he decided to contact
Fernand Petzl.
For the craftsman, there was no doubt: these tools had a bright future.
He agreed to take over production and pay royalties, and as early as
1970, the new clamps and descenders made their first appearance in the
Vieux Campeur catalog, under the name of their inventor. And Bruno
Dressler continued coming up with different systems to make cavers
lives easier, such as the Motocorde, which used a gas-powered chainsaw
motor as a winching mechanism to effortlessly ascend vertical shafts.
In the early 1970s, when Fernand decided to make a few modifica- Bruno Dressler and the Motocorde.
tions to these rope tools, he started marking them with his own seal:
F. Petzl. He designed a new descender for double ropes, and added a
safety catch to the eyelet of a carabiner. As expected, these tools were
immediately popular, in particular with the French Caving School in
Font dUrle, located in the western part of the Vercors Mountains.
The schools director, Michel Letrne, was one of Fernands closest

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2 3

1 4 5

6 7 8
First products. 1: Dressler pulley. 2: pulley. 3: descender. 4: Dressler descender. 5: Dressler clamp. 6: Shunt. 7 and 8: prototype for an ascender.

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 V e r t ic a l craftsmen

friends - he had taken Pierre and Paul on their first forays into the
underground world. This exceptional caver had continued exploration
of the Dent de Crolles after the first pioneers, more than doubling the
length of the then-known network of caves.
The success of the first rope progression tools rapidly spread beyond
the cave walls of the subterranean world. Mountaineers, whose gear at
the time was still somewhat rudimentary, started taking a closer look at
these little metallic wonders. In 1968, before taking on the East Pillar
of Fitz Roy in Patagonia, Bernard Amy, the well-known climber from
Marseille, went to the workshop to purchase a supply of descenders.
Although his team did not reach the summit, the equipment allowed
them to easily descend the hundreds of meters of fixed rope installed
on the very difficult granite peak. Two years later, Fernand would be
contacted to design the bivouac platforms for the Makalu expedition.
Meeting people from the mountain climbing community allowed
Fernand to better understand mountaineers specific needs. What they Petzls sales brochure in 1969.
needed, for example, was a mechanical system for rappels that could
be used in the same way as a Prusik hitch. All too often, the friction
knot would get stuck on wet, frozen, or even thick ropes. In 1972,
the craftsman developed the first prototype to resolve the issue. Using a
lever, his backup device redirected the friction force of the rope. Called
the Shunt, the devices geometric shape has never changed, and is
still sold in Petzl catalogs today, over forty years later.
Fernand paid particular attention to the ergonomics of the devices
he made: they needed to be safe, easy, and comfortable to use. At the
time, one of the most highly sought-out pieces of equipment was the
legendary Jumar, designed by Swiss duo Jsy and Marti. The device is a
type of clamp that slides up a rope in one direction and locks, making it
easy to ascend a fixed rope. Although the Jumar revolutionized climbing
in the Himalayas, climbers complained that it was too cumbersome and
often too fragile. So in 1974, the Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes workshop
developed a new, lighter ascender. The Zedel would be an essential
piece of equipment for the French K2 expedition in 1979, and would
also become wildly popular with cavers. The ascender in action.

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Paul Petzl at the SIG (Salon International de Grenoble).

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 V e r t ic a l craftsmen

This initial success made it necessary to reorganize the workshop,

especially since Fernand was reluctant to dive into the now-important
business side of the company. Pierre helped him design the machines and
handle most of the production side of the business. And every weekend,
Lucienne and Pierre shipped packages to customers who lived too far
away to pick up the equipment directly at the workshop. However,
a more ambitious strategy was in the works. The craftsman was nearing
sixty, and although he had no intention of retiring, he figured that his
youngest son, Paul, would be able to run the business with Pierres
help. Fernand had been contemplating the idea ever since Paul entered
college to study engineering in 1970. At barely twenty years of age,
he already demonstrated strong entrepreneurial spirit. While some
of his classmates were swept up in the idealism of the post-1968 era,
he focused his attention elsewhere. His obsession was to build a pros-
perous business, however difficult it may prove to be. Such ambition
worried his father, who was well aware of the financial risks his son
would need to take. But even then, Paul had an innate talent for enlisting
those he was fond of.
The young man was also overflowing with enthusiasm due to the
new and close working relationship he was starting to develop with
his father. Working together provided the opportunity to finally get to
know the discreet and secretive man, who was capable of slamming
the door behind him after an argument and escaping for an all-night
walk in the Chartreuse Mountains before calmly returning home the Fernand Petzl hard at work in his workshop.
following morning. More at ease underground than with his loved ones,
incapable of responding to a question with anything more than a curt
answer, refusing to talk about the explorations that his family would
most certainly be proud of, Fernand remained a mystery to his children,
and sometimes a painful one. As an adolescent, Paul wanted to run
away from his father, to forget his silent nature and leaves of absence,
to experience something extraordinary - like piloting a mountain rescue
helicopter, or starting a new life in the United States. In his fathers
workshop, he finally found the affection and the relationship that had
been missing up until that point.

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Starting in 1973, Catherine was also able to find her place in the
budding organization. Like Paul, she was anxious to finish college
and start her career. With a Masters degree in management in hand,
she took over the accounting for the workshop, a task Lucienne had
previously handled. As orders grew, so did the paperwork. One year
earlier, the first salaried employee, Jacqueline Barbero, was hired.
The number of staff would grow slowly but surely to 17 by the end
of the decade. Employees were extremely loyal; Jacqueline would not
leave the company until thirty-two years later, and then only to retire;
Bernard Combaz, the first workshop manager hired in 1975, stayed
with the company until his death in 2001. Caught up in the whirlwind
of working day and night, life as a couple for Paul and Catherine was
neither relaxing nor rewarding, with only one salary between the two
of them. Nevertheless, they married in 1974.
Paul was involved in every aspect of the business. He met with
clients, negotiated with suppliers, and looked for the best way to sell
products. At the start, his father had placed his trust in Edouard Frendo,
a high-mountain guide in Chamonix and a mountain equipment distribu-
tor. After the great mountaineers tragic death in a car accident in 1968,
the relationship with his successor did not go very well. Paul decided to
stop working with a distributor and deal directly with sporting goods
stores in France: Au Vieux Campeur and La Corde in Paris, Caribou in
Lyon. Little by little, the company stopped selling gear at the workshop.
However, for sales abroad a small portion of sales for the young
company at this point Paul placed his trust in a small handful of loyal
distributors. Most of them were cavers accustomed to purchasing supplies
directly from the Petzl workshop for their own personal use. Beginning
in 1973, they became impromptu sales agents in their home countries.
Petzl outfit at the The first to take up the challenge was Mike Meredith. He rode from
end of the 1970s. Great Britain on a motorcycle with a wad of bills in his pocket. To avoid
paying customs duties, and with Pauls help, he took the products out
of their packaging and rolled them in the mud to make them look as
if they had already been used for caving. Mike quickly handed over the
venture to Ben Lyon, another British caver, who started a bona fide dis-

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 V e r t ic a l craftsmen

tribution business. Danilo Amorini handled sales for Italy, Toni Nubiola
and Miquelangel Costa for Spain, the Obendorf family for Germany.
Belgium also had its sales agent.
Cavers from Eastern European countries, Romania, Poland, Hungary,
and Russia, all bought their gear in Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes, where they
enjoyed exchanging a few words with Fernand in their mother tongue.
After driving endless hours in old trucks to the most spectacular caves
of the Alps and Pyrenees, they would take advantage of their stop near
Grenoble to barter for gear, due to a lack of cash. The Petzls wanted
to show solidarity with these men who had to endure harsh totalita-
rian regimes in their home countries. Over the years, this distribution
network, founded on a community of caving enthusiasts, would extend
to dozens of countries. Today, this goodwill is considered to be one of
the companys major assets.
In 1973, one of Pauls very first business decisions was to start
designing equipment for another activity. During his military service,
he found ski touring to be borderline torture due to the old and extre-
mely outdated bindings. So it was with great interest that he found his
father busily tinkering one day with a binding that two Grenoble skiers,
Olivier Mot and Olivier Gignoux, had brought him.
Come take a look, there were these two guys who brought us
something
Wow, this looks amazing, Paul said enthusiastically as he played
around with the object, this is revolutionary, compared with the
equipment Im used to!
Okay, Ill make you a prototype, Fernand replied without further
discussion, as usual.
The new binding replaced conventional cable bindings by using a
plate to hold the boot in place; it provided a greater range of movement
and a more secure hold. But production turned out to be a different
story a catastrophe, in fact. Among the first thousand pairs, many
did not meet the strength requirements. After testing the bindings on
a few descents in the area, Paul had to face the fact that he would need
to start over from scratch! Petzl ski touring binding.

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The solution he quickly came up with was slightly overshadowed

by the development, at the same time, of an entirely different innova-
tion. For years, Fernand had been providing cavers with either carbide
or electric lamps that they could attach to their helmets. Everything
was made locally using nylon rods that they machined themselves.
Paul considered the process to be too tedious and time-consuming.
He designed a new casing, and placed an order with a plastics supplier
for 5,000 units to cover a few months of production. The one thing he
failed to take into account was the space all these casings would take
up when they were delivered at the workshops front door. The pallets
Dual-lighting caving lamp. towered over the roof! For more than a week, Paul, angry at himself
over the predicament, wondered How are we going to fit all of this
into the workshop; what are we going to do? The only solution was
to find a use for the casings, and fast:
Papa, what if we designed a small electric lamp for mountaineers?
The Wonder headlamps we used in the army were constantly breaking
down.
Okay, if thats what you want.
Within a few hours, Fernand was able to modify the parts of a
caving lamp so that both the lamp and batteries could fit on ones head.
All that remained was to figure out how to attach the lamp to ones
head, since mountaineers, unlike cavers, were still reluctant to wear
The helmet and lamp kit. helmets. Paul started looking for reels of elastic bands, but the smallest
spools he found were 5,000 meters long, far too much for the initial
200 lamps the workshop planned to produce.
Catherine ended up finding the solution, which would go down in
company history as one of the strangest it ever devised. Where could
one find a reasonable quantity of elastic bands? At the local open-air
market, of course! Paul and Catherine lived in downtown Grenoble at
the time, right around the corner from Saint-Bruno Square. The young
woman went to a lingerie vendor and purchased a handful of navy blue
garters, perfectly suited to the task at hand. And, depending on the ones
Catherine bought on each outing, the garter solution even allowed them
The first Petzl electric all-on-the-head lamp. to offer lamps with different-colored head bands.

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The immediate success of their headlamps caught the small team by

surprise. As anticipated, mountaineers immediately took to the handy
gadget, but they were not alone. The all-on-the-head lamp turned
out to be a useful tool for just about any activity, from outdoor sports to
handiwork around the house. Paul even received a call from the United
States from a man who explained that he had lived near Grenoble for
a few years, piloting mountain rescue helicopters.
I know your company, and I just saw your headlamp. Its amazing.
Thanks! exclaimed Paul, a bit surprised to be receiving accolades
from someone on the other side of the Atlantic.
So I have an idea that might interest you. I think every Ame-
rican should have a headlamp in their car. How quickly could you make
me 500,000 units?
Paul remained speechless for a few seconds, his head spinning.
At the time, the workshop produced no more than 200 to 300 lamps
per month. How would he be able to fill such a large order? He would
need to hire more staff and take his company to the next level quickly,
and take a huge risk by entering an unknown and distant market. After
some agonizing soul-searching, and in spite of a friendly visit from the
American client, Paul decided to turn down the offer. He felt that the
company was not yet ready and up to such a daunting challenge. All in
good time

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 C h a p t e r III

R oc k s i n s t oc k
Michel Suhubiette in the Verdon Gorge.
 Rocks in stock

This was the second time Michel Suhubiette was paying the Petzl
building a visit. It was a long drive from Marseilles Calanques, where
in the early 1980s, he was working as a climbing instructor. This was
an important interview. He had not made it past the reception desk the
last time around. The receptionist had politely suggested that he leave
his prototype, or rather the cut-out cardboard model, at the front desk.
The young climber had not been very optimistic, and yet just a few days
later, Paul Petzl himself had called him back. Today, he had an official
appointment in the small factory that the family had built in Crolles.
It had not taken long for the 75-square-meter workshop in Saint-
Nazaire-les-Eymes to become too small to handle the increased variety
and volume of production. Then, one day, property in a small industrial
park located just a few kilometers east in the Grsivaudan Valley, had
become available. And in 1975, at the foot of the Dent de Crolles,
ground was broken on a new 500-square-meter building. The Petzl
family had drawn up the plans themselves for a spacious and comfortable
workplace. A bit too spacious for Fernand, who sometimes confided to
his friends, It feels less like a factory and more like a church! From
an administrative and financial perspective, the move provided the
opportunity to clearly delineate the business structure. A private LLC
was formed, with Fernand ensuring that company shares were split
between his two sons, Paul and Pierre, who were already heavily invol-
ved in the business venture. They also put the finishing touches on the
Petzl identity, first by eliminating the F. (for Fernand) on all products,
and then by designing a logo. The assignment was entrusted to Yves
Marchand, a professional graphic artist who Paul had met by chance The building in Crolles in 1975.

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one day at a printing shop. The goal was to break from the somewhat
old-fashioned look of the Petzl stamp, without completely unsettling
loyal customers. Yves offered to modernize the oval and provide a more
expansive look to the letters, using a rather original font. The simplified
logo, symbolizing both the dynamic nature and solid foundation of the
company, has not changed since.
The Petzl brand had already begun gaining popularity with moun-
tain sports enthusiasts. In fact, Michel Suhubiette had no intention of
meeting with any other manufacturers
You know, we cater more to cavers, Paul said right off the bat
while showing Michel around the building.
I know! I sometimes use your caving bolt hangers when bolting
new routes.
Really? I dont really know much about climbing, admitted Paul
in a tone that showed he was eager to learn more.
Its a sport thats really starting to take off. I teach climbing clinics
in the Verdon Gorge, where the locals are getting bored only climbing
routes that follow cracks and dihedrals. A bunch of us would like to put
new lines up the smooth faces. Theres a lot of potential, but we need
the right equipment.
What are you using at the moment?
We tinker around, make bolts with scraps of metal, then drill the
rock for placements. We cant keep going like this, without having the
slightest idea how strong the bolts really are. Sooner or later, someones
going to get hurt! Thats why I brought you this model.
Come on, lets go talk to my dad.
Fernand, who was then approaching 70, had not yet left his spot in
front of the drawing board. He listened carefully to the young climber
who had come all the way from the south of France with his cardboard
bolt hanger in tow. The idea was to design a multidirectional anchor,
permanently fixed to the rock, that would provide the carabiner with
the ability to freely rotate as the climber and rope progressed upwards.
Made of high-quality stainless steel, the future bolt hangers would no
Evolution of the Petzl logo. longer scar the rock by rusting. The prototype was finished that very

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The Petzl logo.

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ChapterIII

evening. Michel Suhubiette drove back home hopeful, and almost cer-
tain that this new tool would be capable of writing a new chapter in
the history of climbing.
Paul was particularly fond of this new project, which reminded him
of the great period of innovation in caving that had taken place just ten
years before. In climbing, as in caving, methods, techniques, and gear
play an essential role. Both climbers and cavers are passionate about
their gear. At the time, both groups demanded much more from their
gear than the mountaineering community at large, which was far more
preoccupied confronting the alpine environment: good or poor-quality
snow, solid or crumbly rock, the weather In no time at all, the young
Petzl CEO would feel much more comfortable with rock climbers than
with high-mountain enthusiasts, whose quest he still had a hard time
understanding.

In spite of this, the Isre-based manufacturer did not turn its back
Yannick Seigneur on Makalu. on mountaineers. Quite the contrary: since 1978, the company had
been selling a helmet designed in concert with Yannick Seigneur, who
already had multiple major winter ascents under his belt, and two new
routes on the 8,000-meter Makalu and Gasherbrum II peaks. Petzl had
asked French helmet company Petitcollin to provide it with the shell,
on which they added an attachment system tailored to mountaineering.
A new headlamp had also come out, following the first all-on-
the-head lamp, and had quickly found a permanent place in every
mountaineers backpack, as well as with other mountain enthusiasts,
and beyond. The history of the Zoom, which hit the shelves in 1981,
represents one of the breakthrough moments for the company. Four
years earlier, Petzl had partnered with Charlet Moser, the legendary
Chamonix-based ice axe manufacturer, in order to share a team of sales
agents. The deal was signed during a meeting in Chamonix. Paul still
remembers how proud he was of the idea that he would be entering the
big leagues by working with the Charlet team, who he was very much
in awe of. However, the partnership came to an abrupt end. Major
Yannick Seigneurs helmet. disagreements surfaced over personnel management, and Paul decided

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to end the partnership. This clearly peeved one of the sales agents, who
swore he would become a competitor. A few months later, his threat
had been carried out: a new headlamp, called Face Nord, appeared on
shelves. Paul dejectedly drove all the way to Annecy to buy one. When
he returned to Crolles, his father quickly took the object apart.
Its too bad, he could have put a zoom function on it Fernand
declared a few minutes into the dissection.
What? What do you mean?
Its simple. - He came up with a good switch system, but he
didnt think to include a zoom function
Papa, I dont understand what youre getting at.
Dont worry, youll understand in an hour.
Fernand quickly put together a small wooden case that mimicked
the design concept for the new lamp: a spring created the contact point
between the light bulb and the battery. This ingenious system avoided
the use of a switch, a part that cost a lot of money at the time around
5 francs relative to the total cost of making the product. Fernand
had the intuitive sense to add a rotating ring, which had the effect of
changing the beam diameter as it applied increasingly pressure to the
spring. He had just created the now famous zoom effect: the beam
of light widened as the ring opened, and tightened as it closed.
Paul rejoiced. Their competitor had just unknowing provided
them with an incredibly bright idea. With Yves Marchands help,
they designed a casing for the headlamp to make it look like a camera.
Petzl then registered the patent, one of the most important in the
companys history. A few months later, the first offer to buy the patent
came straight from the United States, where flashlight manufacturer
Maglite was in the midst of a fierce market share battle with competitors.
In spite of extremely tempting offers made by the American companys
lawyers, who offered to fly him to Los Angeles, Paul preferred not
to get involved. And ultimately, the decision didnt stop hundreds of
thousands of Zoom headlamps from being sold all over the world;
it remained one of the most popular headlamps through the beginning
of the 21st century. 1981: the Zoom headlamp.

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At a time when sport climbing was timidly knocking at the door, caving
was still an integral part of the company. Even though the workshop in
Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes was gone, cavers in the area continued passing
through to solve the worlds problems the underground world with
the small Petzl team. Among the regulars was Jean-Louis Rocourt, who
was fairly young when he first met Fernand during a rescue in Charmant
Som, in the Chartreuse Mountains. The native Parisian had learned
everything he knew from the Seine Caving Club, but decided to move
to Grenoble and work as an electrician in order to devote himself to
his passion. Fascinated by Fernands extensive knowledge, Jean-Louis
became a technical consultant, never short on new ideas, and always
willing to test gear in the field. He came up with the idea, for instance,
The Croll chest rope clamp. of designing a chest clamp to make ascending ropes easier when using
a handheld ascender. Thus, in 1975, the Croll saw the light of day
during the move to the new Petzl building in Crolles. The young caver
also suggested modifying the aid climbing platform invented by Bruno
Dressler: while scaling an overhanging section of rock, the user would
be able to stand comfortably while drilling the next anchor point.
In 1981, Jean-Louis even co-authored a new edition of Alpine Caving
Techniques with Jo Marbach.
Bombarded with orders after the books first edition was published,
Jo Marbach also decided to start making and selling caving equipment.
Leaving his engineering career by the wayside in 1974, he set up his
newly established company, TSA, in a garage in Montbonnot, a town
just a few kilometers down the road from Fernand Petzls workshop.
The two men knew each other well since they had often tinkered with
and discussed equipment together. Both had somewhat cold, distant
personalities, and they were able to intelligently coexist. Jo Marbach
chose to specialize in caving suits, packs and accessories; he opted to
sell his products by mail order, and even offered Petzl the opportunity
to use his distribution system. Together, the two companies were able
to cover the entire French caving market.
Finally, in order to satisfy the needs of both cavers and mountaineers,
Paul decided to make harnesses. It was a product that had absolutely

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Jean-Louis Rocourt
testing the aid
climbing platform.
ChapterIII

nothing to do with mechanical devices, the Petzl familys traditional

area of expertise. In 1976, he asked his friend Jacques Lancelon for
help. Lancelon, the founder of the Seyssins Caving Club, located at the
foot of the Vercors Mountains, knew a little bit about sewing since, as a
social worker, he had organized crafts workshops for troubled children.
Jacques was still working as a social worker when he started making
harnesses in the evenings, in one of the rooms of his brand-new house.
Thus, Petzl came out with its first full-body and seat harnesses.
Demand increased, and what was originally supposed to be a side
job for Jacques Lancelon quickly turned into a full-time occupation
for both himself and his wife, Dany. Sewing machines took over their
youngest sons bedroom, before being moved to the garage, where three
employees worked. In the early 1980s, harness production finally moved
to a small, better-adapted building in Seyssins.
Jacques and Dany Lancelon.
But back to rock climbing After taking on caves and mountains,
Petzl was preparing to explore a new type of playground: cliff faces.
The company started on the rock walls of the Verdon Gorge. Since the
late 1960s, the amazingly steep canyon that cut through the limestone
plateaus of the Haute-Provence region, between Moustiers-Sainte-Marie
and Castellane had been the delight of climbers from all over southern
France. In 1981, Patrick Cordier, one of the areas pioneers, published
The hundred finest routes of the Southern Prealps. He confidently declared
that the rock walls of the Verdon Gorge have become the place to be
for cutting-edge, high-end climbing in France.
Paul could count on Michel Suhubiette, who had moved to the
Verdon, to investigate the latest developments and be his key contact
in the area. With the final version in hand, the young climber started
using Petzl bolt hangers, whose name, Coeur (heart in French), came
from their shape. Before bolting a route, he would take care to test the
quality of the rock, using a tool Fernand had designed to ensure quality
fixed-anchor placements. In 1985, he named his first routes Afin que
nul ne meure (So that no one dies) and Atout cur (Hearts are
trumps), as an homage to the new gear.

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 Rocks in stock

But the small equipment revolution in the Verdon would not pass
without ruffling a few feathers. On one hand, there was a lot of enthu-
siasm over this piece of metal that allowed climbers to take on smooth
faces and overhangs, which until this point were impossible to protect.
No longer slowed by the need to fix each point of protection, and armed
only with a rack of quickdraws, climbers could focus their energy on the
moves, and establish increasingly aesthetic lines of ascent. The difficulty
rating for climbs took a huge leap forward. The success of Petzls bolt
hangers was such that Michel Suhubiette sometimes had the unpleasant
surprise of discovering that bolts on his routes had manually disappeared.
In 1987, he suggested that Petzl make an updated version that would
come to be called Long Life. The screw that held the bolt sleeve to the The Coeur bolt hanger.
rock, far too easy to unscrew, was replaced with an expansion cone that,
once hammered into the rock, proved impossible to remove.
On the other hand, certain groups of climbers watched the arrival
of the new gear with suspicion. They felt that bolts eliminated both
the notion of commitment and the need to search for the best line up
the rock. In order to take on the historical routes in the Verdon Gorge
such as Le Duc, La Demande, La Paroi Rouge, or Ula, established in
the 1970s, one needed to possess the ability to climb at least a grade
or two above the routes rating in order to commit to climbing above
precariously placed pitons or a small tree trunk used as protection,
a frequent occurrence in the Verdon Gorge. Even Michel Suhubiettes
close friends, such as Patrick Bestagno and Chistian Guyomar, were
fervently opposed to the gear.
But nothing could stop the new trend, which helped make climbing
accessible to the masses. Route setters took to cliffs and even mountains
across France and beyond. Among the most emblematic climbers of
the time were Jean-Marc and Stphane Troussier in the Verdon Gorge,
Michel Piola in the Mont-Blanc range, as well as the Rmy brothers
in the Swiss Alps. Sport climbing quickly began to grow in popularity
in the Grenoble region as well. In 1985, the Isre Climbing Club was
created, led by Claude Vigier, Pascal Tanguy, Jean-Claude Salomon and
Bruno Lambert. The latter, an architect by training, did not take long Bruno Lambert bolting a cliff in Saint-Egrve, near Grenoble.

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The bolt hanger for every climber.

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 Rocks in stock

to understand that aluminum caving bolt hangers and other makeshift

pieces of protection did not provide an acceptable level of safety for
climbers. He and his friends set out in search of grants and other fun-
ding to ensure that routes in the Grenoble basin could be bolted in
a professional manner. This approach, a first in France, was quickly
embraced by the French Mountaineering Federation (FFM), which was
well aware that climbing was becoming a sport in its own right. In 1987,
the federation added climbing to become the French Mountaineering
and Climbing Federation (FFME).
Just about everywhere in France, demand for bolt hangers increased
significantly, and Petzl had a hard time keeping up with requests, which
often appeared more like calls for charity more than outright purchases.
The competition took advantage of the situation to boost sales. The
Spanish company, Fixe, started challenging the Isre manufacturer in
the climbing bolt market.
Petzl nevertheless continued working closely with climbers. In 1987,
the company designed a figure eight descender with an anti-burn grip,
then started producing narrow, carabiner-saving slings. However, when
Michel Suhubiette flipped through the harness pages in the catalog,
he was not too pleased to see only blue, red, and white. These were the
right colors for caving products, perhaps, but they would in no way win
over his tanned, bandana-and-tights-wearing climbing friends in the
south of France. In addition, the full-body harnesses designed by Petzl
for mountaineers, the 4000, 6000, and 8000, did not provide
enough freedom of movement for experienced climbers, many of who
moved over rock with the flexibility and grace of elite gymnasts.
The idea of producing a specific sport-climbing harness took hold.
Paul was easily convinced, since he had almost accidentally discovered
that the market was much larger than he had previously imagined.
A few weeks earlier, in the corridors of a trade show, he had learned a
secret that triggered an idea; a secret that a distributor for the British
company, Troll, shared with him.
Hi, how are things going at your booth? Paul asked cordially.
Nothing seems to be going right today. Michel Suhubiette.

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Whats the matter?

We have 1,500 seat harnesses held up at customs. Theres no way
well get them in time for the trade show What a disaster!
After a few words of support, the head of Petzl strode through the
corridors of the trade show, his thoughts racing. How was this possible?
His own company produced only 300 to 400 harnesses a year, and here
was a foreign manufacturer that planned to sell 1,500 in France alone!
No doubt about it, the time had come to enter the market.
The first model, made by Jacques Lancelon, was inspired by Troll
products. But Petzls colorful harnesses quickly started standing out
from the competition. Jacques brought Michel Suhubiette with him to
the companys fabric suppliers in Saint-Etienne. The two returned with
webbing made of totally new colors, mixing fluorescent and Jacquard-style
checkered patterns. The series of harnesses launched in 1983, the Chou-
The Lancelon workshop in Eybens. cas and the Vercors, the Adrenaline, and then the Jump, looked more like
something from the sailing world, where bright colors were the norm,
than something made for the mountain sports community. And the
new designs worked! In the village of La Palud, the Verdons epicenter,
the Perroquet Vert sporting goods store sold more Petzl harnesses than
all the stores in Grenoble combined. German climbers even crossed the
Rhine to purchase Petzl harnesses in Strasbourg and Colmar.

The harness was also wildly popular because it was so comfortable,

with a padded waistbelt and padded leg loops. Integrating foam into
Harness webbing. the webbing made the manufacturing process more complex, pushing
Petzl to automated production. At the end of the 1980s, the company
invested heavily in programmable machines, and Jacques Lancelon quickly
became a true specialist. Just one of these machines replaced four small
manual sewing machines, and the time it took to sew a harness dropped
from twelve to two minutes. Once again, in spite of the 1,500-square-me-
ter facility available to them in Seyssins, the Lancelons quickly found
themselves out of room. As a result, Paul decided to invest in a new
facility in Eybens, just south of Grenoble, where 28seamstresses mostly
women set up shop in 1992.

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Jump. Choucas.

Mutant. Adrnaline.

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From Grenoble to the Verdon Gorge. The 1980s, another era

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Philippe Plantier.

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Petzl catalogs from 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992. Right: 1993 catalog with Native American petroglyph.

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This prosperous period in sport climbing sparked a profound change

in the companys image and communications strategy. There seemed to
be a newfound touch of exuberance in the serious craftsmen who now
found themselves official suppliers to fashionable climbers everywhere.
At the SIG, the international trade show in Grenoble where moun-
tain professionals gathered each year, the Petzl booth was completely
transformed: traditional logger shirts, velour pants, and knickers were
replaced by fluorescent clothing that matched the new harnesses. During
a subsequent show, everyone wore a black suit and tie and mysteriously
guarded a tall pyramid of drawers that contained the years yet-to-be-
unveiled products. The following year, an unusual airborne machine
flew over the booth, created by an artist using salvaged goods. The
relaxing atmosphere of the Verdon seemed to have won over the team,
who would organize unforgettable parties every evening of the show.
The Petzl catalog cover pages followed suit. Through 1985, it had
offered clients rather stark Technical Guides. And although user tips
continued to be a cornerstone of Petzl communications materials,
it started distributing its first magazine format catalog, full of superb
photos, the following year. Caving, mountaineering, and climbing were
still presented as the companys three core activities, but climbing
clearly held center stage. A full page was dedicated to the Verdon and
Calanques routes put up by Michel Suhubiette. Beginning in 1988,
other cliffs made appearances on the cover, and rock became the central
element among increasingly abstract visuals. As of 1992, along the same
somewhat mystical lines, a Native American petroglyph began appearing
regularly in the brochures. Paul had discovered the thousand-year-old
engraving in pictures that photographer Grard Kosicki had taken during
a rafting trip down the Colorado River. In Pauls eyes, the petroglyph
symbolized the idea of rising up, and the vital need for humankind to
invent in order to move forward.
Without hesitation, Petzl adopted the unspoken customs of sport
climbing culture where image played an increasingly important role.
Since the late 1970s, photographers had been traveling from one cliff to
another, arranging photo shoots with the most talented climbers to fill

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the pages of magazines that had begun appearing in newsstands; such as

Montagnes Magazine and Alpi-Rando in 1978, and of course Vertical in 1985.
For the cover of its very first issue, Vertical chose a Grard Kosicki photo
of Patrick Edlinger seemingly defying gravity on a Verdon Gorge route.
The general public had been acquainted with this free-climbing
pioneer in 1982, through two documentaries directed by Jean-Paul
Janssen, La vie au bout des doigts (Life by the fingertips) and Opra Verti-
cal. With photos by Philippe Poulet, Philippe Royer, as well as Grard
Kosicki, these two films did more than popularize a sport. The climbers
in the film revealed a way of life on the fringes of society, mixing res-
pect for Mother Nature and a penchant for risk taking, while throwing
a bit of mysticism into the mix from time to time. Added to this were
breathtaking landscapes.
The magnetic personality of someone like Patrick Edlinger could
hardly go unnoticed by equipment manufacturers. At the time, he was
Patrick Edlinger. the most well-liked celebrity in France, according to a Paris Match poll.
In the collective imagination, Le Blond personified climbing with
ones bare hands and the least possible amount of gear! For climbers,
he represented modern rock climbing pushed to its highest levels. In
spite of the jealousy that sometimes arose, many wanted to be just like
him. Dolomite, Grivel, and Millet were the first companies to offer him
a photo contract. It did not take long for Petzl to join in. Persuaded by
his girlfriend, Anne Gry daughter of Paris Match photographer Grard
Gry who helped him field calls from both the media and manufac-
turers, Patrick Edlinger entered the pages of the Petzl catalog in 1987,
brandishing a trophy he had won a year earlier in Bardonecchia, Italy.
Sport climbing had henceforth become a competitive sport. The idea had
originated with equipment manufacturers. As early as 1981, Trappeur,
the climbing shoe manufacturer, had organized a huge gathering of the
worlds best climbers in Buoux, and asked them to demonstrate their
talents to a flock of journalists. The concept of climbers competing head
to head continued gaining traction. The Au Vieux Campeur store was
the first to organize a competition, in May 1985, while another event
Anne Gry. was in the works for the following July in Bardonecchia, Italy.

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For some, this was too much. Controversy ensued. Was free climbing
compatible with stopwatches and referees? To express their opposition,
a number of well-known members of the climbing community, including
Patrick Brhault and Catherine Destivelle, signed a declaration called the
Manifesto of 19. While their protest carried enough weight to convince
Au Vieux Campeur to cancel its competition, the event planned on the
other side of the Alps in Bardonecchia progressed full steam ahead. And
it was difficult to stay away from the event, which delighted crowds and
thrilled sponsors. Even Catherine Destivelle was coaxed into making
the trip; she ended up placing first in the womens category. Patrick
Edlinger waited until the following year to enter the arena: he won the
mens competition in Bardonecchia, and Catherine finished first for
the second year in a row. The two French climbers, quite reserved in Nanette Raybaud and Didier Raboutou.
nature, were celebrated on television stations across Europe.
Given their overwhelming success, the number of competitions
increased, allowing other climbing personalities to emerge. That same
year, Didier Raboutou won the first indoor climbing competition in
France, in the town of Vaux-en-Velin near Lyon. Other climbers garnering
attention at the time included Jean-Baptiste Tribout, as he raced against
Edlinger to be the first person to climb 8c, as well as Bertrand Meu-
nier. These three young climbers established the first climbing team,
put together by Michel Drapier, the founder of Montagnes Magazine, with
support from Anoralp and Petzl. From the very first events, which he
watched with admiration, Paul understood that he needed to support
these young athletes and provide them with the opportunity to climb
even harder. In 1989, Simon Nadin and Nanette Raybaud, both members
of the sponsored team, won the first Climbing World Cup. That very
same year, both Didier Raboutou and Lynn Hill won the event held in
Bercy, near Paris.
Petzl decided to approach the legendary American female climber,
this time through Peter Popall. After joining the company in 1984, Peter
had quickly become Pauls right-hand man. He had a solid foundation
on which to converse with Lynn Hill, too; in 1974, he completed the
first European ascent of the Nose on El Capitan, one of the mythical

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routes in Yosemite, where the young female climber had started her
climbing career. She was at a major crossroads when Petzl contacted
her. Her main sponsor, Yvon Chouinard, the famous piton and spring-
loaded camming device manufacturer, was in the process of selling his
company to his employees, who would turn around almost immediately
and create Black Diamond.
Lynn Hill decided to accept Petzls offer. In her eyes, the small com-
pany embodied all the different aspects of France she had discovered
during competitions: the way of life, the food, the language, which
she was able to pick up quickly. Everything drew her to France, and in
particular the cliffs in Buoux, where she would end up buying a house
in 1991. Her friend and countrywoman Robyn Erbesfield, also spon-
sored by Petzl, followed in her footsteps. The 1995 world champion
lead climber married Frenchman Didier Raboutou.
If these American women felt so comfortable in France, it was also
Lynn Hill. because they had discovered another style of climbing. Trad or clean
climbing was the dominant style back in their home country, and it
consisted of leaving no trace of ones ascent. Stoppers, Hexentrics and
other Friends, gear to a large extent created by none other than Yvon
Chouinard, are placed by the leader for protection, and systematically
removed by the second climber. Protecting routes with fixed placements,
which became the norm in France in the 1980s, was forbidden in major
American national parks like Yosemite. But climbing ethics came with
a price: using removable protection requires experience and weighs a
ton! By traveling, climbers from both continents learned to adapt to
the rock, going beyond local dogma: bulletproof granite cracks favored
removable protection like nuts and cams, whereas bolts were better
suited for protecting the smooth faces and bulges on limestone.
Lynn Hill experimented with this phenomenon herself when,
in 1993, she decided to stop competing in order to devote herself to
more natural projects. Her goal was to free climb the last few pitches
of the Nose, rated 8c and beyond the realm of anything but aid climbing
at the time. To train, she climbed kilometers and kilometers of bolted
Robyn Erbesfield. routes in the south of France, sometimes accompanied by Peter Popall.

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Visual with
Lynn Hill on the
Nose, El Capitan
(Yosemite).

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Thanks to the training, not only did she successfully complete her
project in US style, of course but one year later, also succeeded
in free climbing the Nose in a single day. One of the companys most
important ambassadors, her incredible gaze would grace more than one
Petzl advertisement.

By getting closer to American climbers, Petzl opened the door to

the entire US market. Paul dreamed of discovering the land of cowboys
and Indians he had pictured during his childhood. At the time, he did
not speak a word of English, but imagined a country where anything
was possible. As usual, this did not keep him from moving forward with
caution. The first forays in the American market took place in the early
1980s. Distribution of a few products on the other side of the Atlantic
was handled by a caving rope manufacturer, Steve Hudson. His com-
pany, PMI, was located in the southeast, in Georgia. At the beginning
of the 1990s, Paul decided to create his first manufacturing subsidiary,
TMI, in partnership with Rock Thompson, a craftsman who specia-
lized in making clamps and pulleys. This was a golden opportunity to
start producing a piece of gear that was missing from the Petzl catalog:
Visual of the Spirit carabiner. the carabiner. The competition was already fierce, and working with a
local expert seemed like a wise choice. But this did not mean selling
just any product.
A recent innovation heralded a significant leap forward in carabiner
technology. The new system, referred to as Keylock, eliminated the
problem of the carabiner gate catching on the rope or harness gear
loop when opened or closed. Paul contacted the inventor, Chamonix
high-mountain guide Jean-Paul Frchin, and offered to purchase his
patent. Alas, it already belonged to Kong, an Italian manufacturer, who
refused to enter into any discussion. But by doing a little research, Peter
Popall was able to find a flaw in the patent: an article in the specialized
press describing the Keylock function appeared before the patent
was registered. The patent therefore no longer had any value, and this
discovery gave Paul the leverage to negotiate a licensing agreement with
Kong. The experience would push the young CEO to pay close atten-

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tion to protecting his engineers inventions, in the same way that the
harness import secret from the Troll distributor led him to establish
a mindset of confidentiality in his company.
In 1991, the Spirit, the first-ever Petzl carabiner, left the TMI fac-
tory and conquered the world market. And as always, Paul insisted on
maintaining tight control over quality assurance. Just prior to market
launch, each and every unit was returned to headquarters, where the
tireless Fernand had developed a plier-like device to strength-test each
carabiner one by one.

Gear for caving, mountaineering, and climbing, headlamps that sold

like hot cakes At the start of the 1990s, the thirty-seven employees
at the Crolles factory were becoming overwhelmed by the brands suc-
cess. The time had come for Paul to make several critical decisions. For
years, he had felt like he was fighting an uphill battle to keep the 8007,
Petzls ski touring binding, afloat. After the initial design issues, sales had
considerably improved, representing up to 40% of company revenues.
But every year, the company had to reassess their fluctuating position,
which was too dependent on market whims that changed according to
snow conditions and improvements in equipment technology. First,
leather touring boots had been replaced with plastic boots. Now the
entire binding needed to be modified, given the invention of inserts
a binding system developed under the name Low Tech which
considerably reduced ski weight per foot, and made the boot-binding
interface much simpler. Petzl was contacted by the inventor to develop
the product. Should it continue to invest in the ski market? Paul feared
that throwing himself into the new adventure would be a big mistake.
Without regret, he decided to abandon ski touring bindings altogether.
From then on, his companys mission was crystal clear: facilitate pro-
gression in the vertical world. Climbing, which in less than ten years
had become the companys specialty, was driving growth, just as caving
had at the beginning.
In 1991, the binding disappeared from the catalog, replaced with
an invention that would become one of Petzls signature products, and The 8007 ski touring binding.

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The Grigri belay device, from prototype to finished product.

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The art of belaying and taking a whipper in climbing.

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which once again brings our story back to the rock walls of the Verdon
Gorge. In order to reduce the risk of accidents, particularly on cliffs
where people were learning to climb, instructors were looking for very
specific belay tools that would allow them to simultaneously oversee
multiple beginners, who were not always comfortable using the legendary
figure eight descender. In Crolles, boxes were filling up with prototypes.
The Petzl team was trying to figure out how to provide climbers with
a belay device as trustworthy as a seatbelt. Paul, Fernand, Peter and
Michel Suhubiette were working on a solution, with the help of the first
engineer ever hired by the company. Alain Maurice was barely 25 years
old, but his new employer believed in his ability to innovate: the young
engineer had been making his own snowboards since he was 19. These
home-made boards were obviously well-designed since he had just
made the first snowboard descent of the Barre des crins (the glaciated
4,102-meter high point of the crins Range).
Bringing together all of their great ideas would finally bear fruit.
Paul, by playing around with the Stop, a self-braking descender made by
his father ten years earlier, discovered that the device locked onto the
rope during simulated falls. Fernand, on his end, remembered the Solo,
a device invented a few years earlier by Jean-Louis Rocourt to self-belay
while climbing alone. They needed to use the strengths from each of
these designs. Little by little, the device took shape. Plastic was chosen
for the handle, presenting a technical challenge but guaranteeing more
comfortable handling by users. The team also needed to ensure that the
rope would be properly threaded through the device: pictograms were
engraved on the device explaining how to do so, and a pivoting plate
covered it once in place. They even worked with a designer to make
sure the object was finger-friendly.
Now all they needed to do was to find a name for this new
belay device with assisted braking, ready to be shipped by the end
of 1991. During a meeting, Michel Suhubiette showed up and asked,
So, have you gotten anywhere with your grigri? Mentioning
the African good-luck charm made choosing a name easy for Paul.
The Grigri was born.

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Visual for the 1987 catalog. From left to right: Paul Petzl, Jean-Louis Rocourt, Peter Popall and Michel Suhubiette.

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 C h a p t e r IV

W or k i n g h i g h a b o v e grou n d
Line operators in action.
 Working high above the ground

Peter Popall hung up the phone with a satisfied look on his face.
Although brief, the call he just received had provided a glimpse, in the
late 1980s, into the next exciting venture for Petzl.
Hello, Mr. Popall? This is the EDF Director in Toulouse
(EDF is the French national electric utility.)
Hello! How did the tests go?
I think we have a winner; the guys have been wearing their
harnesses all day long, even during lunch!
This development wasnt just an amusing anecdote. Not too long
before, the EDF field workers who maintained high-voltage power lines,
known as linemen, had climbed towers without adequate fall protec-
tion. Their gear was not well suited to the task: stiff and heavy harnesses,
uncomfortable helmets It was almost impossible to convince them to
wear their safety gear and use a safety belay, in spite of the risks involved
working so high above the ground. The result: at least one fatality every
year, on average, and many serious accidents.
A manager for EDF in Paris had discovered, during a mountaineering
outing in 1988, that it was possible to move around at heights wea-
ring comfortable safety equipment. As a result, the electric company
assigned a rather ambitious project to one of its Toulouse-based teams:
to find, within a year, the right equipment to improve safety for roughly
500EDF linemen, and persuade them to fundamentally change the way
they approached safety.
Project stakeholders started making the rounds of local moun-
taineering shops to see what was already available off the shelf. Peter Popall.

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Each aisle held all sorts of climbing and mountaineering harnesses,

but nothing that really fit the demands of technicians working at height.
At the Le Refuge store in Toulouse, a salesperson recommended that they
continue their search by speaking with local cavers. A meeting was set up
with the president of the Haute-Garonne Caving Search and Rescue Group,
an engineer by the name of Marc Galy. Bingo! they had found their
man! The caver had a longtime passion for mountaineering equipment
and in more ways than one. A superb mountaineer, he had comple-
ted the first winter ascent of the entire Peuterey Ridge in 1972 with
Yannick Seigneur and Louis Audoubert, and had also taken part in the
1979 French K2 expedition. In addition, his father was a lineman!
He certainly didnt need anyone to draw him a picture of the dangers
technicians faced in the field.
Marc Galy suddenly found himself in charge of the project.
In June 1988, he presented EDF with a selection of gear he considered
Marc Galy on Directe de lAmiti, on the both safe and well suited for work on high-voltage power line towers:
North Face of the Grandes Jorasses. static ropes from Bal, carabiners from Simond, and ascenders and
descenders from Petzl. This represented a small victory for the com-
pany in Crolles, which was already looking a step or two beyond EDF.
The entire work-at-height profession needed to modernize its safety
gear as quickly as possible.
At the time, high-mountain guides or cavers were often found on
mountain road construction sites, roofing projects, and multistory buil-
ding maintenance and construction sites, supplementing their monthly
paychecks by working as masons, painters, carpenters, or roofers. These
were projects on which these experienced mountain professionals often
worked without any sort of safety equipment, setting aside their habitual
reflex to protect themselves. Occupational safety inspectors started taking
a closer look at what was going on, alarmed to see workers at height,
not on scaffolding, but moving above the void using climbing gear that
was nearly impossible to inspect. In order to avoid losing business to
large public works agencies, workers at height and their employers
needed to demonstrate that they took the professions inherent risks
a bit more seriously.

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 Working high above the ground

The situation prompted Petzl to develop its first harness for pro-
fessionals, and in particular for linemen. Peter Popall designed it
based on a seat harness for rock climbing. He added metal buckles to
attach the positioning belt, which connects the user to a tower or any
other vertical support structure. With a padded waistbelt and leg loops,
the harness was designed to allow the user to hang for hours on end.
The harness hit the market in 1990 under the name Navaho, to pay
homage to Native Americans and to the Mohawk tribe who helped
build the first skyscrapers in New York City. Legend has it that they
were impervious to vertigo

Paul had also decided to create a specialized department within the

company to deal with the industrial market, convinced that it would
no longer be possible to simply modify mountaineering equipment for
workers, who needed dedicated equipment for their specific needs.
The new company branch, Petzl Safety, was set up in Challes-les-Eaux,
a town near the city of Chambry, before later being reintegrated into The Navaho harness.
the headquarters in Crolles. In addition to the Navaho, Petzl Safety
marketed another harness with an integrated vest, which helped to
avoid twists and non-alignment when putting it on a plus for those not
accustomed to wearing this type of gear. The company looked into the
specific needs of search and rescue professionals, introducing lanyards
and pulleys as well as a harness for avalanche dogs. An evacuation triangle
was also included in the catalog, designed by Paul following the failed
1976 inauguration of Grenobles new Bastille aerial cable car bubble
cabins. After a cable derailed, the inauguration guests all had to be
evacuated from the cabins by helicopter. In order to handle this type of
rescue, rescue workers asked Petzl to design a harness that was as easy
to place on victims as a diaper.
In addition, in the late 1980s, the first European-wide PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) standards were passed. Harnesses, helmets, and
descenders were included in the same category as welding goggles or
protective firefighter clothing. A 1989 directive required that they be The Light harness
tested in a laboratory and comply with very stringent specifications. with integrated vest.

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Work at height at La Dfense.
ChapterIV

Enforcement of the regulations was pushed back to 1995, and for good
reason since there were no existing standards! In order to develop the
new standards, equipment manufacturers would end up having to work
together for over six years under the guidance of an independent agency.

Paul Petzl did not consider the standards development process

to be an obstacle. On the contrary, product reliability and customer
safety had always been one of his main concerns, almost to the point of
obsession. He was deeply affected by an accident that occurred in 1984,
in which his company saw the inside of a courtroom for the first time.
The accident victim had been using a Shunt, the clamp designed during
the 1970s for rappelling. The experienced climber had decided to use
the device to self-belay in order to solo top rope an overhanging route.
Unfortunately, he fell, and the Shunt did not function as he had hoped.
During the trial, Petzl did its best to explain that the device was not
made or intended to be used in this manner, but the company was found
liable and forced to pay considerable damages to the injured victim.
Paul was upset with himself for not having anticipated the incorrect
use of this device, and for having failed to imagine the different poten-
Product demonstration by Pierre Petzl, right. tial alternative uses beyond those for which it was originally designed.
He shuddered thinking about all the product demonstrations he and
his brother Pierre had performed during trade shows to attract poten-
tial customers. Roped up, they would jump from the top of a ladder,
their fall halted by a Shunt.
Improving product information for customers and better risk mana-
gement became a top priority. In 1985, Paul and Peter decided to build
a test tower to determine product performance in various situations.
Peter Popall had just joined the team of twenty Petzl employees. Born
in Germany, the skilled mountaineer and high-mountain guide married
a French woman and moved to Saint-Pancrasse, a small village in the
mountains just above Crolles. In the beginning, he had pitched the idea
of distributing Petzl headlamps in his home country. Instead, the strong
working relationship that quickly developed between the two men set
him up for an entirely different role. Peter had been one of the head

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Paul Petzl: testing equipment. Pierre Petzl: building the future test tower.

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Simulate, test, improve

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 Working high above the ground

instructors at the German school of mountaineering, the equivalent to

ENSA (National School of Skiing and Mountaineering) in Chamonix;
he was also in close contact with the top people at the D.A.V., the German
Alpine Club, well-known for its stringent safety standards. His expertise
in this field was an important asset for the company in Pauls eyes, as
was his outspoken nature. Peter considered himself to be something of
a royal jester who would always tell the truth when others could not.
Construction of the 9-meter tower was completed in 1986. First
to be moved in was a machine that would raise, then release, a man-
nequin on command to simulate a fall. This was the first laboratory
of its kind ever built by a mountain sports equipment manufacturer.
Through it, Petzl gained even more credibility, as well as considerable
efficiency. Up until that point, most product testing was performed
outdoors. Some of the tests were rather extravagant endeavors, such as
the lanyard tests conducted by Jean-Louis Rocourt and Fernand Petzl
in the Bourne Gorge, deep in the Vercors Mountains. A heavy weight
would be attached to the end of a rope, tied to a car, pulled to the top
of a cliff, then released with a box cutter.
Peter also proposed including a technical instruction manual with
each product, starting in 1986. Without knowing it, he was a step ahead
of what European standards would end up requiring ten years later.
Describing how a device worked was nothing new to Petzl, which already
had ads for bindings that also served as highly detailed user guides
Standardizing the process, however, allowed Paul to resolve a personal
frustration he had felt around his father, who had never really answered
Pauls questions, nor made much effort to explain his inventions. Partly
because of this, Paul had developed a strong desire to understand and
to communicate clearly.
Drawings became the obvious choice to illustrate these new manuals.
In the late 1980s, photography, already an integral part of Petzl cata-
logs, could have become the medium used by the manufacturer to
relay technical information. However, since his first meeting with Yves
Marchand, the man who designed the Petzl logo, Paul had had a great
deal of faith in sketches. They allowed readers to focus on the key

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Technical illustrations.

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 Working high above the ground

characteristics of the object, and allowed the manufacturer to clearly

describe the movements that users needed to perform. A photo, on the
other hand, might confuse the reader by showing too many extraneous
details. When selecting drawing styles, Yves Marchand worked hard
to strike a balance between an industrial drawing and a comic strip.
His clear line sketches made instructions easy to understand.
At the time, creating and duplicating all of these drawings required a
lot of patience. Yves Marchand worked with a fountain pen. He received
very detailed instructions and was constantly making adjustments to
his drawings, as he was not an avid climber or mountaineer. Over time,
he sought to make the lines in his drawings more active, in order to
convey a carabiner gate vibrating, for example. In the beginning, many
long nights were spent preparing the catalogs and technical manuals
for photoengraving; computer-aided design would not be available
until much later.
In spite of these constraints, the drawings would soon become
one of Petzls trademarks. By clearly explaining how to use the gear,
the manufacturer was also able to explain key techniques for a given Yves Marchand.
activity. The catalog provided much more than a simple inventory of
products for sale; it became both a users manual and a skill improvement
guide. Other manufacturers would soon copy the idea, but for Petzl,
the concept went far beyond simple marketing. Numerous books and
manuals dedicated to mountain sport techniques would end up using
a vast array of Yves Marchands sketches.

The technical manual played a critical role during the Grigris first
years on the market. The company was convinced of the new tools
usefulness, and that it would significantly change the way climbers
approached belaying. But Petzl needed to be there along the way to
help guide climbers as they adapted to new techniques.When using the
Grigri, the belayer feeds rope out as the leader climbs upwards, always
making sure to keep the brake hand on the rope. By locking up, the
device is supposed to assist the belayer in stopping a fall. Compared to
the traditional figure eight descender used as a belay device, the Grigri

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made belaying more comfortable and much more reassuring to climbers.

They could work the route without worry, as long as the belayer properly
followed instructions. As soon as the Grigri appeared in stores in 1991,
the catalog and technical manual explicitly spelled out the proper way
to pay out slack and lower the climber on belay.
In spite of the precautions, some guides and mountaineers in
particular feared that users would no longer pay close attention
while belaying, or that the belayers themselves would shirk their res-
ponsibilities. And a few accidents did occur. Each time, Petzl had to
take the time to explain things in greater detail and refine its message.
This was also a priority for the American subsidiary, which wanted to be
well-prepared because of the greater risk of being taken to court in the
U.S. The Grigri was not a device designed for beginners, but rather for
climbers with a certain amount of experience; it was a tool designed to
be used on indoor climbing walls or sport climbing crags, etc., not for
mountaineering. Five years after the product was launched, Petzl offered
buyers who were not comfortable with the device the opportunity to
return it for a full refund.
Despite all of this, the Grigri was an immediate and undeniable
success, especially in the sport climbing community. In a three-page
article devoted to the device in the December 1991 issue of Montagnes
The first technical notice for the Grigri. Magazine, Jean-Marc Porte wrote, Sometimes there is a logical evolu-
tion that seems more like a revolution. This is the case with Petzls
Grigri. Hundreds of thousands of units would be sold around the world.

Ever concerned with product safety, Petzl made attempts to offer

other guarantees. In 1988, fifteen different metal products started
undergoing individual testing. Every unit manufactured was subjected
to a mechanical stress test, to verify strength without damaging the
device. It then received a tag marked individually tested. In 1992,
a tracking system was established. All products received a serial number
which provided reference identification information and a manufac-
turing date. This approach allowed the company to obtain ISO 9001
certification the very next year and become one the first mountain

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 Working high above the ground

sports equipment manufacturers to comply with these standards to

confirm the reliability of the process from production to sales. It also
represented a huge accomplishment for Marc Galy, the quality assurance
director Paul had just hired. During the EDF project, the mountaineer
and caver wrote a number of test reports for different pieces of gear.
When he wrote to Paul to explain that he had identified sixteen different
ways to improperly thread the rope through the Stop descender, the
Petzl CEO, instead of getting angry, asked Marc to join the company.
I need someone who nitpicks, Paul explained. Marc agreed to leave
his native Pyrenees, where his family awaited his return each weekend.
Won over by Pauls enthusiasm and commitment, he actually moved
into the Crolles factory! He could have almost been considered the
concierge, and subsequently developed a strong relationship with Fernand,
who was the first to arrive at the building every morning, and was always
available to talk about his latest finds.

While Marc Galy oversaw quality within the company, Peter Popall
focused his efforts on ensuring that Petzl became a key player on safety
in the mountaineering community. He handled negotiations with other
manufacturers to develop European-wide standards. At the time,
Jean-Franck Charlet, professor and engineer at ENSA, presided over
the Committee for standardization. The Chamonix guide saw that Peter
was very quickly becoming the driving force behind the discussions.
In its efforts to streamline production, Petzl was clearly ahead of the
competition. The company representative did not hesitate to play on
his German roots to reinforce the serious image of the brand! Some
people even started to think that the Isre-based manufacturer, whose
name did not sound very French, was a German company.
The confusion would not last long. On more than one occasion,
the French committee members led by Peter, disagreed with the Germans
and particularly on harnesses. In the early 1990s, Germanic countries
almost exclusively used full-body harnesses with suspenders since
they prevented users from falling head-first. Developing standards for
seat harnesses was out of the question for them, despite their popu- Individual product testing.

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larity in France. To convince them, Petzl conducted a study using its

test tower, with help from Lyons legendary INSA engineering school.
Stiff mannequins, each outfitted with either type of harness, were
dropped from the tower and filmed using a high-end camera capable of
taking 400frames per second. The studys conclusions were startling:
the fall taken by the climber using a simple seat harness proved less
traumatic than the fall by the one with a full-body harness. To verify
the results, Jean-Franck Charlet proposed an experiment with an arti-
culated crash test dummy, which more closely resembled a real human
body. The testing took place at the Toulouse Airport, where the Armys
sky-diving test laboratory was located. Overall, the second round of
testing confirmed the Petzl study results.
German manufacturers also argued that if anyone with a big backpack
were to fall into a crevasse, those wearing only a seat harness would be
Jean-Franck Charlet in the ENSA laboratory. in for an unpleasant ride. But a new study proved that if the fall victim
lost consciousness, their chances of survival were five times higher when
upside down, since the position prevented blood from leaving the brain.
Over the course of heated discussions, the committee recognized the
importance of developing standards for seat harnesses. The French
members breathed a sigh of relief. Without this stamp of approval,
manufacturers would have had to completely revise their catalogs and
climbers would have had to readapt to stiffer harnesses.
By 1995, standardization had became an ongoing process that required
manufacturers to constantly pay attention to the latest innovations and
marshal considerable resources and energy. For Paul, after obtaining
the various certifications, the labels he could now place on his products
represented much more than a selling point. The CEO had in no way
forgotten that each and every product bore his name.

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 Working high above the ground

Crevasse fall.

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 C h a p t e r V

Behind t h e s ce n e s
Paul Petzl.
 Behind the scenes

July 31, 1996. It was time to distribute the goods. As part of his
yearly ritual, Fernand Petzl was going around the factory with ice cream
bars in hand. He offered a Miko bar to every employee and spoke a
bit with each before continuing on his way. A small gesture to mark the
start of the August break, just before production stopped for the month.
New hires were always somewhat surprised to see the 80-year-old man
roaming the halls in a blue work smock, still able to work on the tiniest
of parts without any need for glasses, or even breaking into a sprint to go
repair a machine that had stopped working. After a few days on the job,
it became crystal clear to them that Fernand was a permanent fixture
and an integral part of the company. Nevertheless, as time went by, he
was not always aware of everything that was going on
The building had changed a great deal since the initial move
to Crolles twenty years before. Paul had wanted to expand, and as
usual, did so full speed ahead. Instead of an add-on here or there,
in 1993 he decided to triple the building size, expanding the Petzl facility
to 4,500 square meters. In order to maintain tight control over both
construction and cost of the extensive project, he contacted construction
economist Jean-Pierre Flix. The close Petzl family friend and skilled
mountaineer understood his clients needs well; he had already assisted
with construction of the Eybens factory in 1992. The major underta-
king had involved retrofitting the ceilings to reduce the din from the
sewing machines. Immediately after consulting with Paul, Jean-Pierre
went to work expanding the Crolles facility. Once again, Paul wanted to
improve acoustics, ventilation, lighting, and employee amenities such Fernand Petzl.

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Petzl headquarters in Crolles, June 1996.

116
Behind the scenes

117
ChapterV

as restrooms. Paul cited the spacious restrooms in American airports

as an example. Why deprive hard-working staff of these very modest
creature comforts? The headquarters expansion was completed in
1995, and allowed Petzl to win the Archange Challenge, organized by
the governments regional health insurance office to encourage company
heads to improve employee work conditions.
Since the expansion, Fernand had a lot more ground to cover on
his mission to hand out ice cream. This time around, he started with
research and development, a department that was becoming an increa-
singly formal operation. Alain Maurice, the companys first engineer,
had been joined by Jean-Marc Hd, who specialized in harnesses, then
by other technicians from an increasingly wide array of fields. Although
everyone had a specific role assigned to them, R&D was still at its core
a laboratory of ideas. On this particular day, Paul Petzl walked down the
long hallway scratching his head, obviously worried. I cant believe Wild
Country came up with the idea before we did We need to respond,
and fast! The British manufacturer had just launched the Ropeman,
a small, very clever ascender. It was the first time Petzl had ever really
had a competitor for this type of rope clamp, and it needed to react
immediately. Two years later, the Petzl Tibloc would hit the market,
a small gem weighing in at barely 39 grams; a minimalist design without
any moving parts. It was designed to grip the rope using tiny angled teeth,
and proved an ideal tool for emergency situations like crevasse rescue.
In the mid-1990s, decisions on new product development were
made quickly. Petzl had yet to experience the unavoidable complexity
and inertia of large companies with rigid hierarchical structures. At the
coffee machine, discussions ranged from strategic company objectives
to weekend climbing plans. Everyone was on a first-name basis. Yet in
spite of the rather informal work atmosphere, getting hired at Petzl had
become a challenge. The company had a great reputation, and as many
as a hundred candidates responded whenever a warehouse clerk posi-
tion opened. Until that point, being an experienced caver or inventive
climber had been a major strength on an applicants resume, but now,
candidates needed a university degree to even be considered! Interviews

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 Behind the scenes

Crevasse rescue hoist using a Tibloc.

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ChapterV

were increasingly formal affairs, giving some candidates the impression

that they were applying for a job at the Banque de France. However, this
didnt stop Paul from picking up the phone to congratulate new hires.
For successful applicants, orientation started with a multi-day training
course on the assembly line. The goal was to ensure that white collars
understood this was first and foremost a factory.
To reach the factory, Fernand had to cross the Greenhouse, which
connected the old building with the new wing. In this wide, open area
with bay windows, a climbing wall had recently been built! Paul had seen
the exact same structure in a large sporting goods store in the United
Petzls climbing wall. States. Now, his employees would be able to climb during breaks. Next,
Fernand reached the production equipment, which he still monitored
with his son, Pierre. Some of the machines there had been in service
since the days of the Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes workshop. The two men
knew the machines like the back of their hand, and tended each one
as long as possible before replacing it. Around them, a team of factory
workers under Bernard Combazs supervision were always busy inspec-
ting and packaging clamps, descenders, helmets, headlamps, and such.
The ice cream mans tour continued on to Logistics. In 1992,
the company had computerized its entire order system. The change,
led by Jean-Franois Heck, had primarily been driven by the need
From left to right: Pierre Petzl, Jean-Claude Heinrich, to eliminate inventory shortages and ensure that customer deliveries
Jean-Franois Heck, Bernard Combaz, Armle Bohec. arrived on time. Those had not necessarily been Petzls strong suits until
then With order slips in hand, warehouse workers placed products
on a moving rail equipped with a switch to send them in one direction
or the other, depending on whether the final shipping address was in
France or abroad. This miniature train had provided countless happy
memories for Paul and Catherines youngest son, Olivier, born in 1982.
Like his brother Sbastien, four years his senior, he spent long hours
in the warehouse as a child after school. His parents decided to hire a
nanny after discovering Olivier in the factory one day, playing with the
electric wires of an enormous hydraulic press
Logistics was also in charge of managing orders for the harnesses and
other textile products made in the Eybens factory. For the longest time,

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 Behind the scenes

Pierre Petzl and Jean-Louis Simond.

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The first machine tools.

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Behind the scenes

123
ChapterV

Fernand made the round-trip twice a week in his van. Once, in 1992,
he even took Dominique Carrasco a warehouse worker who prepared
purchase orders and who would later manage the Crolles facility to
Eybens on the winding back roads of the Chartreuse Mountains to avoid
roadblocks set up by striking truck drivers. Another key component in
the factorys day-to-day operations was the delivery truck, which arrived
every day at 10:30 am. Whenever it snowed, everyone in the company,
regardless of job title, would pick up a shovel and clear the road for the
truck. Paul and Catherine participated in most group tasks, and were
often mistaken for ordinary employees. The two were frequently the
last to leave in the evenings, along with the cleaning crew, taking care to
turn off all the lights as they left the building. Both were products of the
familys traditional artisan work ethics, where waste was always abhorred.

With his ice cream bars still cold, Fernand reached the offices. Many
were curiously empty, but Paul had vowed that they would soon be occu-
pied. And the future would prove him right: the company would grow
from 77 employees in 1995 to 180 in 2000. In these offices worked
those who prepared the catalogs, already translated into more than five
languages. But no language barrier could stop Fernand from reviewing
them minutely; you could always count on him to find even the smallest
typo. For a while, Peter and Paul handled all promotional and commu-
Peter Popall. nication matters, but as the company grew, they understood that the
brand, in order to assert its identity in an increasingly competitive market
environment, needed to be managed by a communications professional.
In 1990, the company hired its first communications manager, a young
24-year-old director by the name of Christophe Raylat, whom Catherine
Petzl would nickname Wild Dog for his overabundant enthusiasm.
The decade was replete with imagination and creativity. The Petzl
brand started distributing posters; to avoid wasted paper scraps, the
company asked its printer to cut standard sheets of paper into three
lengthwise sections. The thrifty paper-saving trick was how the dis-
tinctive Petzl poster format originated! It was also a time when video
Preparing orders. started to takeoff, an area in which the brand invested immediately:

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 Behind the scenes

One of the first Petzl posters.

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Sport catalogs from 1996 to 1999.

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 Behind the scenes

Professional catalogs from 1992, 1993, 1997, and 1998.

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ChapterV

photo-filled color catalogs for stores, instructional climbing films for

schools, humorous video clips of the hundred different ways to pro-
nounce Petzl, etc. After a period of minimalist, even mystical ads, brand
communications became much more daring. In 1991, the String came
out; it was a triangular piece of plastic that kept the carabiner in place
on a sling and also protected the sling from wear and tear. The original
slogan for the new product was to be, If I dont wear my string [French
for thong], will you still go climbing with me? Ultimately, a slightly
less racy slogan ended up being chosen In 1993, Nathalie Martinez
took over Christophe Raylats role and brought more professionalism
to press relations. Anne Gry, Patrick Edlingers ex-girlfriend, who had
a great deal of experience working with both athletes and journalists,
helped Nathalie in the new role.
Chantal Manificat. The administrative and financial departments were just as busy as
everyone else. During the 1990s, the company needed to more clearly
organize and define the role of each employee. Until then, many were
involved in multiple aspects of the business, and convincing those who
did a little bit of everything to take off one of their many hats was not
always easy. The task fell to Chantal Manificat, hired in 1992 as Petzls
first-ever Human Resources Director. Paul himself had a hard time
delegating, and as of the year 2000, still did not have a personal assistant.
He managed all his own appointments with a pencil and paper until
Catherine Devidal, from the administrative department, was assigned to
work for him full-time. On her end, Catherine Petzl, assisted for years
by Bernard Millaud, held the companys purse strings accounting and
paychecks with an iron fist. Catherines colleagues knew that if they
wanted to earn her trust, there was no room for error.
Interestingly, the more formalized structure forged stronger cowor-
Alain Maurice. ker relations and an almost family-like atmosphere. Employees who
had already been through difficult times or been laid off elsewhere felt
secure working for the self-financed independent company. No bankers,
no notaries, no associates, was the Petzl familys motto, and they were
always tight-lipped about company profits, which, on average, grew
steadily from year to year.

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 Behind the scenes

As Fernand took a quick detour by the test tower, loud cracking

noises filled the air. They sounded alarmingly like a car accident but
fortunately, there was nothing to fear. Alain Maurice was busy dropping
heavy weights onto bike helmets as part of the design phase for the
Meteor. Before each drop, he added or removed a bit of polystyrene
foam from the helmet. At Alains side, a second person was scribbling
notes on a pad of paper. Christophe Chedal-Anglay had worked for
Petzl as a freelance designer since the early 1990s. For this new helmet,
destined to be the lightest on the market, he wanted to include a series
of triangular openings, reminiscent of those on the Ecrin Roc, the most
recent helmet model. Christophe always enjoyed creating common
elements among different Petzl products, in addition to adding a bit of
artistic flavor to each shape. But for him, comfort, effectiveness, and
quality always trumped aesthetic considerations.

Fernand finally reached the reception area. Although people could

no longer waltz into Petzl as they pleased, the company remained
open to the outside world. The International Department had just
been created to manage all foreign distribution, which now included
twenty-four countries, including South Korea, Venezuela, Austra-
lia and New Zealand. French sales agents would regularly stop by
Crolles to replenish their inventory and provide feedback on mar-
ket trends. For these sales assignments, Paul recruited a number of Visual for the Meteor helmet.
high- mountain guides, who understandably had a lot of credibility
with retailers. No need to wear a suit and tie!he would tell them
before each sales trip. Nor did he ask them to unload merchandise,
like other sales agents. The guides, including Patrick Magnier in the
early 1980s, and Daniel Mot or Didier Lavigne later on, would simply
talk about their experience in the field, in the mountains. They
even shared their experience by inviting shop salespeople to participate
in their clinics. Petzl started to organize Tech Training programs with
other brands, like Salomon, Rivory & Joanny, Charlet, and Millet.
Shop owners and employees from Quimper to Poitiers tackled the
vertical walls of the Verdon, spent a night high above Chamonix in the

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Couvercle mountain hut, climbed in the Calanques using a sailboat as

base camp, and generally took part in outings that strengthened their
relationship with the brand.
Athletes were also constantly showing up at the Crolles factory.
Paul enjoyed welcoming them, sharing his latest ideas, and asking them
about their recent adventures. He was particularly close to mountaineers
Pierre Bghin and Jean-Christophe Lafaille, whose deaths, in 1992 and
2006 respectively, greatly affected him. Each time his friend Jean Troillet
stopped by, Paul would ask, When are you going to stop taking so many
stupid risks?,which didnt stop the Swiss athlete from climbing ten
of the Himalayas fourteen 8,000-meter peaks. On the rock climbing
Paul Petzl and Jean-Christophe Lafaille. side, the team continued adding new members, with climbers like
Franois Legrand, who was busy winning one world title after another,
and Isabelle Patissier, two-time climbing world champion.
In 1991, Isabelle was slated to take part in an extraordinary adven-
ture, the brainchild of rope manufacturer Michel Bal. The idea was to
break the world rappelling record by descending from a hot-air balloon
hovering 2,000 meters above the Algerian Sahara desert. While Bal
was busy making the never-ending rope needed to break the record,
Fernand Petzl worked on a special descender. The device needed to
be able to withstand ever-increasing speed during the descent without
burning Isabelles hands. The test tower in Crolles was way too small
for such a task, so, in a wide, open field right next to the factory, a small
team took part in a bizarre experiment: Fernand got behind the wheel
of his van; inside, Pierre uncoiled a 500-meter-long rope; and behind
the vehicle, Peter walked slowly and braked using the specially designed
descender to which Paul held a thermometer. Everything performed
as planned and the amazing feat seemed within reach But civil war
broke out in Algeria and put the crazy idea to rest.

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 Behind the scenes

Pierre, Catherine, Fernand and Paul Petzl.

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 C h a p t e r VI

N or t h face s
Stphane Husson in the Dolomites.
 North fa c e s

The preceding competitor had done pretty well, almost reaching

the top of the artificial ice structure, which was as intimidating as a
giant spider out of a science fiction movie. When the climber hung
suspended in mid-air from only one ice axe, one leg draped over his
arm, the crowd shuddered. It was the same reaction every time someone
decided to perform a figure 4, the contortionist move invented by
the legendary American climber from Joshua Tree, Tony Yaniro. Next
up, Aljaz Anderle. The young Slovenian had trained hard for this second
edition of the Ice World Cup circuit for ice climbing, which in January
2001 made a stop in the Italian alpine valley of Val Daone.
Just as Aljaz was about to start, crampons fixed on his feet, helmet
cinched tightly to his head, his coach, Denis Pivot, placed a hand on
his arm. Here, use these instead, Denis said, handing the athlete a
new pair of ice axes he had grabbed from his bag just seconds before.
Aljaz did not panic. He was accustomed to these clever games manu-
facturers played in order to hide the latest prototypes from journalists
who were just a little too curious. The young climber took another second
to refocus, and then concentrated all of his energy on the first swing
into the column of overhanging ice. He would not have time to make
another move The ice axe shattered in half. When he turned around,
Denis Pivot could only stare back with an apologetic look on his face.
The Petzl team manager spent a lot of his time tuning gear, to provide
each climber their very own customized ice tools. This time around,
his tinkering clearly had not worked, but his approach did produce
excellent results for the team; at the end of a season spent traveling from Aljaz Anderle.

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ChapterVI

the Alps to Russia by way of Quebec, Daniel Dulac, Stphane Husson

and Tony Lamiche were the top three in the overall mens standings,
and Liv Sansoz had placed second overall in the womens standings.

Later date, same story: it appeared as if ice climbing was going to play
the same game as rock climbing had just a few years earlier. Obviously,
mountaineers had been climbing ice from the beginning, but the discipline
had never stopped evolving and advanced hand in hand with the various
improvements in equipment. In the 1970s, technical ice axes, whose use
had gradually spread from Scotland to the United States, were finally
introduced in France by Walter Cecchinel. On steep terrain, climbers
Liv Sansoz. no longer needed to chop steps or use aiders; they could now face the
ice directly when climbing, ice axes in hand and front-pointing with
rigid crampons. The door to new routes, some physically impossible
before, was opened wide. Nowhere was this more aptly demonstrated
than on the high glaciated faces of the French Alps, as with Cecchinel
and Claude Jagers legendary first ascent of the North Couloir of the
Drus in December 1973, or Gabarrou-Albinonis route on Mont Blanc
one year later. But these amazing ascents were not the only leap forward.
Climbing routes up frozen water had started becoming a sport in
its own right, most notably in the United States. In 1974, Jeff Lowe and
Mike Weiss made history in Colorado with their visionary ascent of the
frozen, 300-meter-high Bridal Veil Falls. This type of climbing started
to appeal to elite climbers in France as well. In 1975, Pyrenees guides
Dominique Julien and Rainer Munsch started exploring the untapped
potential of the Cirque de Gavarnie in the Pyrenees, including the
Mur de la Cascade (Wall of Ice). In the meantime, Chamonix-based
equipment manufacturer Simond was coming out with the Chacal, the
first technical ice axe with a reverse-curve pick, which significantly
improved holding power and the ability to penetrate the ice. To further
improve performance, some climbers even started to bend the shafts
of their axes to keep from smashing their fingers on the ice with each
swing. Not too long after these initial amateur modifications, the first
curved shafts started appearing on shelves, foreshadowing the Pulsars

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 North fa c e s

grand entrance, a now historically significant technical ice axe designed

by Charlet Moser in 1986. In the 1980s, the number of first ascents
increased exponentially in every mountain range in France. In spite of
the still somewhat rudimentary equipment, climbers enthusiastically
took on the most spectacular icicles and free-standing pillars that for-
med during long periods of sub-zero temperatures. During the winter
of 1986-87, dynamic duo Franois Damilano and Godefroy Perroux
completed an impressive series of ascents in the Oisans Range, clim-
bing LIntgrale des Moulins, putting up the ephemeral Visa pour
lAmrique with Philippe Pibarot which has yet to see a second The Pulsar, one great ice axe!
ascent and completing the route Etoffe.
As more routes were being attempted, the level of difficulty started
rising rapidly, and ice climbers had no qualms about using then-widely
used sport climbing techniques. In this relatively new sport on vertical
ice, the difficulty rating system had yet to be invented, or standar-
dized among countries. In 1989, Perroux and Damilano, who wrote
a regular column together for Vertical magazine, proposed a two-part
rating system. A Roman numeral (from I to VII) would define how
serious a route was (commitment, length, remoteness, etc.), followed
by an Arabic numeral rating its most difficult move (from 1 to 7).
This quickly became the standard rating system.
The media slowly but surely began covering the sport. One year
before the making of La vie au bout des doigts, in 1981, director Jean-
Paul Janssen dedicated one film of his documentary trilogy Overdon,
Overice, and Oversand - to ice climbing. The film Overice follows Patrick
Brhault, Patrick Edlinger, the Troussier brothers, and Jacques Perrier
during their winter exploration of the Fournel Valley in the crins Range.
The traditional headbands they donned while scaling the warm and
sunny rock walls of the Verdon Gorge were replaced with Peruvian
beanies In 1989, Franois Damilano, Bernard Amy and Grard
Kosicki shared their passion through words and photos by publishing
an awe-inspiring book called Chemin de gel (Frozen Path).The first inter-
national ice climbing rallies and festivals began, organized by passionate Franois Damilano on Dessous Choc, in Chtelard,
ice climbers such as Grard Pailheret, who created the now well-known Switzerland.

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Ice Climbing crins in Argentire La Besse, a mountain village

located in the Southern French Alps. In spite of its initial growth spurt,
ice climbing remained a marginal activity. Sports federations and other
mountain sports authorities in France took a bit of time to officially reco-
gnize it. During the mid-1990s, when Franois Damilano recommended
that ENSA incorporate an ice climbing module into guide training,
the proposal was considered premature. By the end of the decade, the
discipline was finally integrated into the official high-mountain guide
training curriculum, under the impetus of instructors like Christophe
Moulin and Jean-Marc Troussier, who had been ice climbing converts
for some time.

It was during this period that Petzl decided to invest in the ice tool
market. If the Isre-based manufacturer wanted to remain an expert
in the vertical arts, it needed to offer a wider range of high-mountain
oriented products, more specifically tools such as crampons, ice axes,
and ice screws, which allowed enthusiasts to move over ice. Just as
the R&D team starting working on these very products, the company
learned that Charlet Moser was being put up for sale.
The sales partnership between Petzl and Charlet that had gone awry
in the 1970s was now water under the bridge. The Chamonix-based
manufacturer had moved to the town of La Rochette, in the Savoy
Denis LozacHmeur and Paul Petzl. region, after having been purchased in 1983 by descendants of the
Leborgne family. The long line of blacksmiths who had started off in
the metalworking industry had gradually become garden tool specialists.
In 1999, the heirs to the company, Franois and Denis LozacHmeur,
made a strategic decision to refocus efforts on their core business.
They needed to find someone to buy Charlet Moser.
Petzl did not take long to express interest in making the acquisition,
as did another major sports equipment brand. For Paul, this was a great
opportunity to round out his product line, but also a key strategic move
with regard to the outdoor sports industry, which was increasingly
interested in the mountaineering market, as evidenced by Decathlons
At Charlet Moser. purchase of Simond in 2008.

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 North fa c e s

Integrating another company into theirs proved quite a challenge,

although this was not exactly a first for Petzl. Just a few months ear-
lier, in 1998, manufacturer TSA had started looking for a buyer when
its founder, Jo Marbach, announced his retirement. Since the 1970s,
the two caving specialists had maintained a friendly rapport. After
Au Vieux Campeur, TSA was Petzls second largest client in France,
selling products by mail order via its Exp subsidiary. It was only natural
that Paul hire the seventeen TSA employees. He decided to keep the
Auberives-en-Royans factory, located in the Vercors Mountains, moving
harness production for the professional market there. Management of
the new production unit, renamed Quatuor, was assigned to Marlne
Garnier, an enthusiastic young woman from TSA.
With Charlet, the situation was a bit more complicated.
In La Rochette, the production site needed a major overhaul. While
the steel used in production was of excellent quality and represented
a major asset, the manufacturing process was still too traditional and
small-scale; everything was still made by hand. Paul decided to rebuild
the factory one kilometer down the road, in the neighboring town of
Rotherens. Bit by bit, metalwork operations were mechanized, allowing
for refined and lighter crampons and ice axes. Engineers Denis Pivot,
Laurent Perrod, and Olivier Math soon moved to Crolles in order to The Charlet factory in Rotherens.
join the R&D team. The change represented quite a culture shock for
them, coming from a small, tight-knit team of barely thirty. Accustomed
to working in a noisy and dust-filled foundry, Petzls offices seemed
massive, almost luxurious, at first.

The Charlet Moser brand still had its place in the wider corporate
family after the acquisition. Petzl continued engraving the name on
products through 2010, first in its entirety, then under the name Petzl
Charlet. Even though the ice axe manufacturer had never created
communications tools as powerful as those of its buyer, it continued
to retain a strong brand image in the mountain community. The image
was maintained by world-renowned technical consultants like Franois
Damilano, Himalayan specialist Jean-Christophe Lafaille, and American

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Petzls ice climbing team, with Denis Pivot and Laurent de la Fouchardire (top), Daniel Dulac, Stphane Husson, Liv Sansoz and Tony Lamiche (bottom).

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climber Jeff Lowe. In France in the 1990s, Charlet also supported the
development of the first ice climbing competitions, many in Courchevel.
Petzl was very interested in this facet of Charlets strategy, and subse-
quently asked Denis Pivot to put together a brand team for the second
edition of the Ice World Cup, during the winter of 2000-2001. To assist
him in the effort, the company hired a person by the name of Laurent
de la Fouchardire, nicknamed Lafouche. During the 1980s, he had
been a well-known figure on the competitive climbing circuit. Before
joining Petzl, he had worked a number of years in the skateboarding and
BMX spheres, where marketing was light years ahead of the mountain
sports industry.
Petzl thus put together an ice team. This first team had six
members, who for the most part came from sport climbing: Daniel Dulac,
Stphane Husson, Aljaz Anderle, Tony Lamiche, Franois Lombard,
as well as the young Liv Sansoz, who received a crash course in ice clim-
bing right before her first competition! The entire team used Quarks,
the last technical ice tool launched by Charlet prior to the acquisition,
a wedding gift of sorts. It took Olivier Math more than two years to
design and develop the pick for this high-performance tool, which was
heralded as the best on the market at the time.
In reality, the team had a somewhat modified axe in hand. Unlike Quark and Quark Ergo ice axes.
the version sold in stores, this competitive version was not equipped
with the customary leashes that prevented climbers from dropping their
axes. The World Cup had just recently established a rule forbidding
their use because some competitors were hanging from them in order
to rest during their ascent. Ironically, ice climbing specialists, including
Christophe Moulin, had recently touted that leashless climbing was a
much purer form of the sport. The prevailing argument was that without
leashes, the climber could be more creative, and that the moves were
much more natural and fluid.
Team Petzl had other ideas on how to improve performance. With
Denis Pivots help, the climbers began modifying the grips on their ice
tools. They wanted to increase power, to be able to change hands quickly, Laurent Perrod and Daniel Dulac in the research
and to have multiple grip points on the shaft. After testing a number of and development department.

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Franois Damilano and Daniel Dulac on the route Lipton, Rjukan Valley, Norway.
ChapterVI

wood and composite prototypes and experiencing a few disappoint-

ments during competition Daniel Dulac, Stphane Husson, and friends
perfected a very sophisticated, angled grip. The design delighted Petzls
R&D team, which proposed taking the product to market. In 2002,
the Quark Ergo appeared in stores, targeting high-level ice climbers as
well as pioneers of a new discipline called dry tooling, which entailed
climbing dry rock using ice climbing gear.

Not only did the team take part in improving gear design and per-
formance, but they also provided a new image for the brand. In spite of
the unfavorable weather, competitions were fun and lively events. And
Team Petzl climbers did not go unnoticed, whether on the podium or
offstage, with their multi-colored seventies-style wigs. Equipped with a
video camera, Lafouche followed them everywhere, to constantly provide
the media with short clips of the team. The following year, during the
winter of 2002, he made a 26-minute film that covered not only their
competition performance, but also a team trip to the Weeping Wall and
Polar Circus, two of Canadas legendary ice climbs. This first self-made
and self-produced documentary by Petzl, Pitch Sorbet, was shown at the
Grenoble film festival, one of the most popular mountain film festivals in
Europe. This marked the beginning of a long-term commitment by the
company to produce films in-house. More than ever, Petzl wanted to
exert as much control over brand image as possible. A new department
was formed during the same period, later named The Studio, to take
over catalog, website content, poster, and film production.
The hard work devoted to ice climbing fulfilled the hoped-for goal
of warming the companys overall image. As Paul had intended, Petzl
succeeded in establishing itself as the benchmark brand for technical
performance and safety. It had almost become a standards organization
in and of itself! However, the company ran the risk of looking like a
know-it-all while certain competitors unhesitatingly played the more
alluring cool and trendy card. By the end of the 1990s, this was a
major concern for the communications department, led by Antoine
Haincourt at the time.

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Visual for ice climbing equipment.
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Jean-Christophe Lafaille on Beyond Good and Evil, the North Face of Aiguille des Plerins, Mont Blanc Range.

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The team offered to increase the number of opportunities to meet

end-users, in order to reinforce their connection with the brand. In the
town of Issy-les-Moulineaux, near Paris, they were bold enough to set
up an artificial ice climbing tower in the middle of the street. Passers-by
returning home from work were invited to strap crampons to their feet
and try their hand at ice climbing, all the while cheered on by Lafouches
talented beat-mixing; yes, he enjoyed being a DJ in his spare time. Petzl
also partnered with adventure travel agency Allibert to organize a series
of events in the climbing gyms of the French capital. In 2003, in the
mountains closer to home, Petzl participated in the construction of an
artificial ice tower in Champagny-la-Vanoise, a small mountain village
in the Savoy region. The enormous tower, the only one of its kind in
Europe, towered 24 meters over the pine trees of the narrow alpine
valley. Sprayed with water each winter, in 2004 the tower began hosting
La Gorzderette, an annual ice climbing competition and festival created
by Stphane Husson.

The goal was not only to invest in pre-arranged competitions

and festivals, however. After the boom in ice climbing competitions,
the company realized that the natural environment continued to retain
its mystical aura. In 2003, breathtaking photos of Jean-Christophe The artificial ice tower in Champagny-en-Vanoise.
Lafaille climbing Beyond good and evil were shot for Petzl. The thin
line of ice up the north face of Aiguille des Plerins spire, high above
Chamonix, does not form every winter. First climbed in 1992 by the
Brit Andy Parkin and American Mark Twight, the route marked an
important leap forward in difficult high-mountain climbs. It took
three years before the line saw a second ascent by Franois Marsigny
and Franois Damilano. By the beginning of the 2000s, Damilano had
other ideas on how to introduce his favorite activity to the camera. He
presented a new type of film project to Petzl. With Bertrand Delapierre
behind the camera, the well-known ice climber set off to complete a
series of unbelievable ice climbs across Norway, Switzerland, Italy, and
France (the Arveyron Gorge, Sixt, and Argentire). The project was as
much an athletic feat as an aesthetic adventure, during which he brought

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The LAppartement ice climb in Quebec.

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Sam Beaugey in Quebec.

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ChapterVI

along six other climbers, including Daniel Dulac and Stphane Husson.
Ice Up came out in 2003. Two years later, Petzl took part in another film
project starring Erwan Le Lann. The young high-mountain guide had
an impressive climbing competition rsum, and had even become an
event organizer in the process, before deciding to refocus on difficult
routes in the high mountains. Qubec Givr (the latter being the French
term for both crazy and frosty), co-produced and directed with
Chamonix-based guide Sam Beaugey focused on humor and the sheer
pleasure of ice climbing, steering clear of notions of performance and
suffering, too often the main focus in traditional mountain stories. And
yet this was no ordinary scenario: the goal was to make a first ascent
of an ice climb in Canada and to Base jump from the top. Mission
The Nomic ice axe. accomplished. Following the movie, Erwan Le Lann would become
Team Petzl manager.

In the meanwhile, design and production of new ice climbing tools

continued. The company monitored the rising number of dry tooling
enthusiasts, who were putting up increasingly difficult climbs at an
astounding rate. The Dart mono-point crampon, introduced in 2003,
was developed just for them. Petzl still needed to remain focused on
the more traditional ice climbing enthusiasts, who had little interest
in the radical acrobatic maneuvers that dry tooling often required. The
long-established line of Charlet products was progressively updated.
In 2006, the Nomic hit stores: a versatile ice axe that bridged the gap
between ice gully climbing, waterfall ice climbing, and dry tooling. It fit
perfectly with the modern style of mixed climbing in the mountains,
which had found a new following. Conditions permitting, climbers were
now making single-day ascents of formerly multi-day endeavors. This
trend has been pushed to the extreme by Swiss climber Ueli Steck, who
recently made a flurry of solo speed ascents up the north faces of the
Eiger, the Grandes Jorasses and the Matterhorn. In January 2012, he was
also lauded for making a one-day winter ascent of the Petit Drus north
face, accompanied by his friend Jon Griffith. This rarely-climbed route
saw its first heroic ascent by the Lesueur brothers sixty years ago!

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Winter 2012. Erwan Le Lann had been pacing back and forth in
front of his office window for days. There was an exceptional cold front
over France, and a never-before-seen phenomenon was occurring right
above Crolles: Oule Falls, one of the spectacular waterfalls that spills
off the Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet plateau, looked just frozen enough to
climb. On February 14, Erwan decided to partner up with his friend and
high-mountain guide Arnaud Guillaume. They took on the 280 meters
of waterfall ice, with powerful whitewater still rumbling underneath.
The last 80 meters consisted of a spectacular but somewhat fragile
free-standing pillar. Once on top, excited and soaking wet, they could
see the Petzl factory on the valley floor; it seemed so tiny from their
perch. It was almost as if the two climbers were saluting the brand with
this first ascent. A fitting way to acknowledge Pauls long-held conviction
that there will always be new adventures to embark upon. Erwan Le Lann high on Oule Falls, February 2012.

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 C h a p t e r VII

E m erge n c i e s a n d re s cue s
PGHM mountain rescue conducting training exercises in the Mont Blanc Range.
 E m e r g e n ci e s and rescues

New York City, January 23, 2005. The city was in mourning.
The same story played over and over on local television stations. That
Sunday, two firefighters had been killed, and four others critically injured.
New Yorkers have always admired and supported the men and women
who fight fires, but since September 11, 2001, each new death has been
even harder to bear. And in this particular case, Black Sunday could
have been avoided.
Responding to a fire in an old four-story building in the Bronx,
multiple firefighters had found themselves trapped on the top floor in
the back of the building. Under normal circumstances, they would have
been able to retreat using the fire escape, typical in buildings this size.
Unfortunately, there were walls in their way, the result of recent apart-
ment remodeling. Outside the building, the back alley was too narrow
for the ladder truck. Cornered by rising flames and unbearable heat,
and after multiple calls for help, their only choice was to jump from
a window. The fifteen-meter fall left two dead, and the four survivors
suffered injuries so severe that they never again returned to active duty.
The top brass at the FDNY (New York City Fire Department) were
appalled. Liability primarily fell on the building owner, who had allowed
additional walls to be built in violation of the citys fire codes. Neverthe-
less, the accident raised serious questions over how the city equipped
its 11,000 firefighters. They did not have adequate gear to confront
this type of extreme situation where the only chance of survival
meant jumping through an opening fifteen meters off the ground.
Fire companies in some neighborhoods had tried to develop their own

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evacuation systems, but many of these solutions proved more dangerous

than useful. The accident struck a nerve because it affected firefighters
safety as well as their reputation, and unions threatened to go on strike
if nothing was done to solve the problem.
In the days that followed, the FDNY created a special commission
to develop a PSS (Personal Safety System) for every New York City
firefighter as quickly as possible. Among the most active leaders of
this working group was firefighter George Grammas. For fifteen years,
George had been part of Ladder Company 102 in Brooklyn, and had
specialized in training other firefighters. He was convinced a descender
New York City: the Black Sunday building. would play a key role in this future safety kit. But being equipped with
a high-performance tool to descend a rope would not be sufficient;
firefighters would also need to deal with the fear of hanging in mid-air,
since training had always focused first and foremost on using stairs or
a ladder. Firefighters in a major city like New York were not required
to be experienced climbers

Prior to joining the FDNY, George Grammas had worked as a

machinist and a toolmaker. He had no problems diving into the technical
manuals for descenders that mountain or work-at-height equipment
manufacturers had to offer. On the Internet, he came across multiple
articles discussing Petzls Grigri. After picking one up at Eastern Moun-
tain Sports, one of the largest outdoor sports stores in the city, George
conducted a series of tests at home to confirm what he had initially
suspected: this device could very well allow a firefighter to safely hang
outside a building in flames, regain composure, then safely descend
to the ground or at the least to a lower floor. The only problem was
that his colleagues used 7.5 mm-diameter ropes, and the Grigri was
not designed for diameters smaller than 9.8 mm. So George contacted
Petzls US subsidiary. He spoke with Michel Goulet, who was in charge
of the professional market:
Do you think we could use your Grigri on a thinner rope?
No way. The rope would run the risk of not blocking in the event
of an impact; it would just be too dangerous.

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 E m e r g e n ci e s and rescues

I understand, George replied calmly, but this device fits our

needs perfectly. Do you think that you could somehow adapt it to our
ropes?
Its just that Michel Goulet let out a nervous chuckle, At Petzl,
were extremely careful when it comes to safety. We dont like taking
risks. In your case, we would need months to develop a specific device
Look, I have less than one year to find the right equipment. Were
ready to purchase at least 10,000 units Could you take a little time
to think about it?
Ill see if theres any way to get this on the fast track.
Michel Goulet told Roody Rasmussen, Director of Petzl America,
about the call. In 1999, after working for years with PMI as its distributor, The American subsidiary in Clearfield, near Salt Lake City.
Petzl had decided to create a wholly-owned independent subsidiary in
Salt Lake City. At the time, the Utah capital, located at 1,300 meters
elevation, at the foot of the Wasatch Range, and future host city of the
2002 Winter Olympics, was already a major hub for the mountain sports
industry. Black Diamond, the company created by Yvon Chouinards
former employees, had its headquarters there, and the most important
outdoor industry trade show in North America, Outdoor Retailer, had
been held there biannually for years. After settling into its new home
in the American West, Petzl America initially decided to focus on the
outdoor sports market. Later, as in France, demand for their search and
rescue and work-at-height products steadily increased. Roody Rasmussen
knew that working with the most famous fire department in the world Michel Goulet and Roody Rasmussen.
represented a great opportunity; it could only help to improve brand
awareness for Petzl in the professional market, in the US and beyond.
Roody contacted Paul, who immediately expressed a keen inte-
rest in the project. He was probably thinking about the call he had
received thirty years before from the American who wanted to place
an order for 500,000 headlamps. This time around, Paul felt ready to
take on the challenge, even though the lead time was extremely short.
The task was not a simple one, and initial results from the test tower
were cause for concern. Peter Popall was sent a batch of ropes that
FDNY firefighters were using.

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Training American firefighters to use the Exo personal escape system.

158
E m e r g e n ci e s and rescues

159
ChapterVII

There were quite a few limitations that needed to be addressed.

First, the future device would need to be integrated into a full rescue kit
that would include a rope as well as a hook that a firefighter would be
able to use in order to hang from an improvised anchor (be it a water
pipe, heating vent or even a window sill). Next, the small diameter
rope was not compatible with the Grigri in its current form. Just a
few months earlier, however, a customized version of the belay device
had been made for mountaineer Jean-Christophe Lafaille for one of
his solo projects in the Himalayas requiring a small diameter rope.
It was therefore possible to make further modifications so the Grigri
George Grammas showing the Exo system. could handle rescue kit ropes that were both smaller and made from
fire-resistant but high-friction aramid fiber. Finally, the Grigris plastic
handle risked melting in a fire and therefore needed to be changed.
In the end, design and development went quickly. Each new prototype
was sent to New York and inspected by an American engineering firm.
In just a few weeks, Petzl was able to deliver the emergency evacuation
tool that George Grammas had been looking for: it was called the Exo.
The story did not end there, though, and development had the pro-
ject team biting their fingernails on more than one occasion. Once the
system was approved, the FDNY started training its 11,000 firefighters.
A herculean task for instructors, who saw 120 trainees pass through
the training tower every day; some felt comfortable with the idea of
exiting buildings through a window, others were terrified. During
exercises, which took place eight meters off the ground, some trainees
would execute the maneuver a bit too forcefully, and their rope would
get stuck in the Exos mechanism. A quick tug was usually all that was
needed to free the rope. One morning, George Grammas saw one of
his men, a 150-kilo giant, launch out the window with his equipment.
The rope got stuck, and unlike his colleagues, this rather massive fire-
fighter was unable to free it. In the end, the trainer rescued him, then
immediately took the device apart to try to understand what had hap-
pened. Unbelievable! The rope had started to tear apart inside the
Exo. This time, the problem was much too serious, and training was
immediately put on hold.

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 E m e r g e n ci e s and rescues

Two days later, an emergency meeting was held in New York City,
with the entire departments upper ranks in uniform. Peter Popall
met Roody Rasmussen there in order to deal with the highly sensitive
situation. There were a lot of serious faces around the table. Petzl had
already made 4,000 Exo units, and tens of firefighters had completed
training. Starting all over again would have been considered a colossal
failure by everyone involved. Not to mention what the press would have
to say since it had started to take an interest in the story.
Well, began Peter. Here is what we propose.
He presented the group with a version of the Exo that included an
additional u-bolt. This small piece of metal served to guide the rope and
keep it from locking up in the device. Pierre Petzl had quickly developed
the system in Crolles. The firefighters whispered among themselves.
Okay then, we need five units for immediate testing, said one
of the officers.
All right, Peter answered as he plunged a hand into his pack,
pulling out five modified units.
This ability to respond quickly reassured the firefighters, who were
satisfied with the next round of testing. Petzl added the u-bolts to the
Exos that had already been delivered, and then quietly continued pro-
duction. In 2006, Time magazine ranked the new firefighter Personal
Safety System one of the most important innovations of the year. During
the months that followed, the American press would also report on how
well the device performed in numerous fires. The first involved the
Deutsche Bank building, located close to Ground Zero and seriously
damaged during the September 11 attacks. In August 2007, it was still
being dismantled when a violent fire broke out and forced firefighters
to evacuate the building via scaffolding on the 14th floor. Unfortuna-
tely, two suffocated before they could exit the building to deploy the
Exo, but the majority managed to escape with the help of the device.
At the very end of 2007, on New Years Eve, one of Georges Grammass
colleagues found himself trapped in a building in the Bronx and was
the first to use the evacuation system by hooking it onto the thin edge
of an aluminum window frame! The Exo personal evacuation system.

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Training for the hazardous environment search and rescue group (GRIMP) in Belgium.

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 E m e r g e n ci e s and rescues

Afterwards, Petzl decided to design and manufacture all the com-

ponents of the PSS kit, including a hook or a carabiner, depending on
user needs. The French army was also interested and placed orders
to equip certain units. And it had a few very specific requirements:
the device had to be all black and usable with one hand the second
hand needed to be free to hold a weapon if necessary. The Exo joined
the ranks of the equipment that Petzl provided to military and special
operations forces, such as the GIGN (Frances counter-terrorist and
hostage rescue group). Among the products supplied to the military
were catalog products that came in colors easy to camouflage, or devices
specifically adapted to their needs, such as infrared headlamps. A series
of customized crampons was even made for the Russian army.
In a wider sense, the Exo reinforced Petzls credibility and longstanding
reputation in rescue equipment. Evacuating an individual in distress,
whether in an industrial setting, from a ski lift, or in a difficult-to-access
place, requires specific tools that continued to be improved upon through
the beginning of the 21st century: lanyards, helmets, lighter pulleys.
The product range grew again in 2009 with the addition of the Falcon
series, a range of lightweight seat harnesses, including a specific model
for mountain rescue. Equipping high-altitude rescue workers remains Special Forces training in the United States.
a privilege for which manufacturers aggressively compete; the relatively
small market has a major impact on both brand image and technical
design improvements. And Petzls employees have always been proud
and heartened when they learn that one of their products has helped
to save lives. In July 2010, Chief Warrant Officer Francis Claudon,
a member of Chamonixs elite PGHM mountain search and rescue group,
helped save a pair of climbers stuck on the north face of the Grandes
Jorasses during a snowstorm, without helicopter assistance. The search
and rescue professional asserted that his extremely powerful headlamp
made the nighttime rescue much easier.

Petzl has also continued to explore professional vertical fields beyond

search and rescue, firefighting, and the military. In spite of numerous
Petzl products, available for years to serve workers at height, it took

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some time for the company to make it known that it didnt just cater
to outdoor sports enthusiasts, for whom safety is an entirely personal
responsibility. At the beginning of the 2000s, Petzl took an important
step forward by designing a descender specifically for rope work; it was
called the ID, for industrial descender or even idea. The device
looks like a large Grigri, but offers an anti-panic feature that brakes
and stops descent automatically if the user pulls too forcefully on the
handle. When it came out, the new descender aroused considerable
curiosity, since it was the first Petzl product ever sold with a completely
enclosed mechanism. But it did not take long for the device to become
accepted. Four years later, the company introduced a clamp to protect
against falls, named ASAP. The device is placed on a second rope used
for self-belay, and moves up or down the rope on its own, depending
on where the user moves. In the event of a fall or uncontrolled slide,
The Asap fall-arrest device. the device blocks as soon as possible.
In 2003, the company began working with another atypical group:
arborists. Tools used by other work-at-height professionals did not always
fit the needs of arborists, who have to weave their way through a thicket
of crisscrossing branches. This was an entirely different vertical vocation.
In order to better understand their needs, Petzl sent one of its product
managers, Alexandre Bronnaz, to observe arborists in action. He tra-
veled to the United States, where tree climbing had been a competitive
activity for quite some time, to attend the International Tree Climbing
Championships. In the years that followed, Alexandres total immersion
Dual handle Ascentree allowed for the development of equipment specifically tailored to tree
for tree care. care. Petzl designed the Sequoia seat harness, to which a chainsaw can
be clipped, or even an ascender equipped with two handles, more prac-
tical to use when climbing up the double ropes typically used. To make
tree-climbing even less cumbersome, arborists could also use the Pantin,
a foot ascender originally developed for cavers. In the late 1990s, many
underground explorers had started replacing the homemade systems
they were using with Petzls foot ascender. Another piece of equipment
to remind everyone, once again, of the technical contributions caving
has made to rope ascent techniques and equipment

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An arborist in action.

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In spite of these occasional best practice exchanges between diffe-

rent activities and professions, by the early 2000s it became quite clear
that the needs of professionals and those of the sporting world had less
and less in common. Companies were now calling upon professional
carpenters, painters, and boilermakers; work-at-height techniques were
the focus of additional, secondary training. Their jobs range from work
on wind turbines and nuclear power plants to offshore oil platforms,
requiring manufacturers to adapt their equipment to increasingly deman-
ding environments.
Petzl started to separate and define its product ranges much more
clearly. A specific marketing and sales strategy for work-at-height pro-
fessionals was implemented, using different distribution networks for
the tooling, industrial hardware, and construction fields, among others.
The Pantin foot ascender. The pro products adopted the black and yellow color codes of the
professional market. Far from the atmosphere at outdoor sports trade
shows, Petzl had successfully carved out its niche among exhibitors at
such trade shows as Batimat, Expo Protection, or festivals where
hazardous environment and search and rescue professionals demonstrate
their rope skills in friendly competition.
Sales in the professional market now represent almost one-third
of total revenues, a success that has also brought new responsibilities.
Twenty years after building the test tower and creating its first technical
manuals, Petzl decided to take another important step in its educational
role by building a training center in Crolles. Certain foreign distributors
already had dedicated training structures for sales representatives and
retailers, in particular in the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland,
and Australia. Paul decided to draw on these examples.
Bruno Lambert, architect by training and the recently appointed
head of the French professional market, was tasked with designing the
first mock-ups for the future training center. The specifications were
as follows: a building at least 10 to 15 meters tall, the height at which
one starts feeling truly uneasy; with room to house all variety of training
equipment under one roof, including concrete, wood, or metal; and
an exterior that allowed staff to recreate the real-life outdoor condi-

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Wind turbine maintenance in Spain.

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Professional catalogs from 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2010.

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tions the equipment was destined for. On July 15, 2008, the futuristic,
angular building opened in the heart of the industrial park in Crolles.
With V.axess, Petzl did not go unnoticed! On the outside sat a
30-meter-high tower, a chimney, and a variety of tilted walls. Inside were
staircases, suspended platforms, and angled I-beams, in addition to a
climbing wall.
Peter Popall headed V.axess for a few months before handing
the training center over to Chris Blakeley, a British caver, in 2010.
With help from Marc Galy, appointed head of training, his team
started developing training programs for the worldwide Petzl network.
The center has become a place where both employees and customers gather.
On any given day, distributors from all over the world can be found
walking blindfolded on a 120-kilo girder they have just lifted into the
air using a complex combination of clamps, carabiners, and ascenders.
In another area, CRS mountain rescue teams can be seen practicing rope
ascent techniques, hoisting a mannequin dressed like a mountaineer.
On the opposite side, trainers are busy putting together an obstacle
course with a series of highly technical tasks to challenge competitors in
the first-ever Petzl Ropetrip, an international competition providing
Bruno Lambert with the V.axess model. a variety of rope teams with the chance to demonstrate their skill at
moving up and down ropes.
Sometimes, in this vast gymnasium, muffled laughter can be heard.
A few young recruits from the accounting department or the assembly
line are in the midst of the verticality initiation course offered to all new
hires. High heels, skirts, and slacks have been left behind in the locker
room to make way for more well-adapted garments. Their helmets a
bit crooked, with skeptical looks on their faces, the small group listens
attentively to the instructors directions. In a few minutes, and for
many, for the first time in their lives, they will put on a harness and
The V.axess training center. hang in mid-air.

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During the 2012 Petzl Ropetrip in the V.axess building.

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 C h a p t e r VIII

S leeple s s nights
Nighttime trail running workout with the Belledonne Mountains, French Alps, in the background.
 Sleepless nights

It was almost midnight. 4,500 people were warming up in and

around the halls of Saint-Etiennes exhibition center. Some jogged in
place, others stretched or rubbed their thighs, and a few took advantage
of the last few minutes of respite to reassure their somewhat-worried
families. The weather forecasts were not calling for snow this year.
Although it rarely snows here in early December, everyone remembered
that ten years ago participants had been stopped in their tracks by 80
centimeters of fresh powder.
In just a few minutes, the 2003 edition of the SaintLyon was set
to begin. The race had first been held in 1951 by cyclists who wanted
to stay in shape during the winter by running on the GR7 hiking trail
between Saint-Etienne and Lyon, via the Monts du Lyonnais ridge line,
a 70 kilometer hike. Since 1977, competitors have been allowed to run,
and instead of taking two days, the competition has been squeezed into
one very long night. Participants can register individually, or as relay
teams of two, three, or four. The fastest runners finish before dawn,
after four hours of intense effort.
Paul could barely sit still. Not only was Petzl an event partner, but
he, like many other employees, was going to be at the starting line.
Participating in the race was, of course, a personal challenge; and he
was far from indifferent to the general mood; the pressure was buil-
ding as runners prepared to dash off into the black of night. For the
business leader, this particular event also provided a unique opportunity
to observe what they were wearing on their heads to light their way.
During a night race of this magnitude, lighting plays an essential role: At the start of the 2010 SaintLyon.

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During the night of the 2010 SaintLyon.

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knowing where to step to avoid falling, being able to see other runners,
and keeping up ones spirits when totally alone and kilometers from the
nearest aid station. Paul was taking mental notes. As he looked for a way
to improve Petzls own lighting products, and he watched carefully to
see exactly how people used their headlamps. However, once the clock
struck midnight and the starting gun went off, he managed to forget
about work and focus his energy on the race.

In the early 2000s, the number of long-distance races increased

exponentially, providing Petzl with new opportunities to showcase its
headlamps, which have woven their own narrative within the history of
the company. The devices distinguished Petzl from its main competitors
at a time when they were all absent from the market, with the excep-
tion of American manufacturer Black Diamond, which had recently
become involved. During the 1990s, lamp design and development at
Petzl still primarily focused on caving and mountaineering. In 1994, the
equipment manufacturer delved for the first time into the concept of a
waterproof headlamp with two light sources one incandescent bulb,
and one halogen bulb the Duo. Its shape and color made it look
similar to a scuba-diving mask. Three years later, the Saxo came out;
it was a hybrid lamp that could be held in ones hand like a flashlight,
or worn on a helmet.
But the legendary Zoom, created in 1981, remained the flagship
product of the Petzl catalog. As Fernand joked time and again, it was
the companys retirement account. In 1987, the Zooms younger
sibling appeared. Called the Micro, it was Petzls first relatively com-
pact headlamp with a single compartment containing the light source,
batteries and a spare light bulb. Nevertheless, as the Zoom came of
age, the time had come to give it an overhaul. R&D started working on
prototypes to shrink and modernize the classic lamp.
In the early 2000s, during a trade show in Salt Lake City, Paul
discovered another brand had switched to using tiny light bulbs that
allowed small headlamps with the same light output as conside- Headlamps from top to bottom:
rably larger ones. He was beside himself for the entire return trip. Duo, Zoom, and Micro.

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Our competitors are miles ahead of us! What can we do to compete this
time? Barely back in Crolles, he made a beeline for R&D. The engineer
in charge of headlamp design, Boris Bouffay, was a bit worried to see
his boss so agitated. We made a mistake, Boris, the Zoom is finished,
Paul proclaimed. The two men discussed the situation for a long time.
One option was for Petzl to launch its own tiny light-bulb headlamps,
but playing catch-up seemed too difficult.
Boris then handed Paul an object he had never heard of, a tiny diode
called a LED Light Emitting Diode. Prior to working for Petzl, the
engineer had worked for, among others, an automobile manufacturer,
designing both interior ceiling lights and dashboard lighting. It was in
this field that he first heard about white LEDs. No headlamp manu-
facturer had dared use LEDs due to their low output and high cost,
but Boris knew that their performance had improved significantly of
late. And even if LEDs did not yet have the same light output as tradi-
tional bulbs, they had the considerable advantage of requiring far less
battery power. This had not gone unnoticed in the caving community.
Some cavers had already started tinkering with the tiny diodes to make
lighter headlamps with longer-lasting burn times. And the technology
was bound to continue evolving.
Lighting the underground world. Paul was soon convinced. This was the best course of action for their
new headlamp, even if the approach was riskier. In line with the oft-used
saying among Petzl employees, Better a good prototype than a long
speech, Boris Bouffay quickly pulled together the necessary parts and
handed them over to designer Christophe Chedal-Anglay. There were
few main components - three LEDs and three batteries. The headlamp
would not rely on light output to attract customers; it would use its
minimal size and shape to stand out from the crowd.
There was nothing like this headlamp anywhere on the market,
so it was impossible to look elsewhere for guidance or comparison.
And Christophe Chedal-Anglays first versions were not exactly what Petzl
was looking for. The housing was just too big. So just before Christmas
1998, Boris decided to eliminate one of the specification requirements
and try using plastic instead of the aluminum initially selected. The

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Ski-mountaineering in the Mont Blanc Range.

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designer spent Christmas Eve reworking the mock-ups, and when he

returned from winter break, he presented a prototype the size of a golf
ball, which easily fit into ones pocket. Petzl had a winner on its hands!
All the lamp needed now was an elastic headband, and a name. Tikka
seemed like the natural choice: its the red dot that some Hindus place
on their forehead, Shivas third eye.
Due to the time it took to design the molds needed for the lamps
small parts, the Tikka was not officially launched until 2001. The line
of headlamps also included an even more minimalist version called the
Zipka, equipped with a retractable elastic cord instead of a headband.
Everyone at Petzl hoped the two models would be popular with a wider
audience beyond mountaineering enthusiasts, in particular with women,
who would find the small, colorful item less cumbersome and, well,
goofy than the traditional bulky headlamps. Who knew? It might even
find a place in their purses. The sales goal was rather ambitious, in the
tens of thousands
It proved to be a serious underestimate. Demand turned out to be
ten times higher than initially expected. In the first year, Petzl had to
Boris Bouffay. double the number of manufacturing machines. At night, Boris would
have nightmares about standing on the platform at the Grenoble train
station, watching freight cars bringing back thousands of defective
headlamps. In the shipping department, everyone worked overtime to
make sure all the orders were filled. Only the sales force had time to
savor the companys success; there was no need for a long sales pitch
to convince retailers to buy the product, so impressed were they with
the tiny headlamp. And by announcing that the lamp had the capacity
for five straight days of burn time, Petzl reps were able to get them to
stock shelves even more quickly. The Tikka became the brands most
widely sold product.
The success was so sudden and overwhelming that the company
mulled the idea of broadening its headlamp distribution network. Why
not try selling it to big box retailers? The rather tempting idea came
up several times in the following years. And it was rejected each time.
Having Petzl products displayed among a sea of completely unrelated

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goods had always seemed absurd to Paul. Absurd... and dangerous, since
it could very easily put the company in harms way by exposing it to
new competitors in a market Petzl knew nothing about.
Success also had its downside. Tikka counterfeits quickly started
appearing on the market, up to thirty different copies at one point.
Petzls president fought hard against counterfeiting, in particular by
being active on the trademark protection committee of the French
Federation of Sporting Goods Industries (FIFAS). Nor did he hesitate
to bring lawyers with him to walk through trade shows and threaten
copycats with patent infringement lawsuits. In court, he was able to
bring about verdicts ordering the destruction of production machinery
in certain factories in China. From then on, protecting patents and
product design became a strategic component of company operations,
and a significant source of expenditures.
In 2003, the company made the decision to stop selling the Zoom,
after over twenty years of faithful service. The end of production was
followed by a small ceremony. In front of all his employees, Paul sym-
bolically turned off a Zoom headlamp to pay homage to the pioneering
device. From that moment on, Petzl threw itself wholeheartedly into the The multi-purpose Tikka headlamp.
brave new world of electronics. The first Tikka was still a mechanically
designed headlamp, a relatively simple system. Using microprocessors
and other microchips, however, provided the opportunity to greatly
increase the lighting options LEDs could offer. Headlamps would now
be able to provide different lighting levels at the push of a button,
or allow users to alternate between white and red LEDs, depending on
their needs. Battery charge levels would be clearly visible. R&D began
filling up with engineers specializing in electronics. LEDs evolved quickly,
forcing the entire company to adapt to a new rhythm of product updates.
To remain at the cutting edge of performance, the Tikka product line
would be updated every two to three years. This marked the beginning
Visual for the Tikka Plus.
of a major change for the company.
In addition to mass production of the Tikka headlamp, Petzl had
specific individual requests for customized devices. Towards the end of
2005, South African-born adventurer Mike Horn came knocking on

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The Tikka and Zipka headlamps: from LEDs to prototypes.

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A few Tikka and Zipka models from 2000 to 2012.

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Bouldering at night. Photo by Thomas Vialletet, winner of the Tikka 2 photo contest in 2008.

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the factory door. After descending the Amazon River from its source
all the way to the ocean using a hydrospeed, or riverboard, and circum-
navigating the globe along the equator and the Arctic Circle without
using a single form of motorized transport, the fortysomething was
busy preparing a new challenge. He and Norwegian explorer Borge
Ousland planned to walk from Russias Cape Artichesky to the North
Pole without assistance or resupply. Mike had planned the expedition
for the Arctic winter, and this is what had brought him to Petzl. Even at
high noon, the Arctic would be pitch black, and temperatures could
drop to minus 60 degrees Celsius. The extremely hostile environment
would be full of polar bears, razor-sharp chunks of ice, and frigid rivers
to swim across The two men each needed a powerful lamp 24/7,
and would not be able to switch batteries often, for fear of frostbitten
fingers.
This truly unusual project was entrusted to Loc Souillet, who had
become R&Ds go-to guy for all supposedly impossible projects, such as
designing firefighter headlamps that could hold up to extreme heat
But when Mike Horn gave him the deadline, the engineer broke out
in a cold sweat: the expedition was starting in less than two months!
In order to save time, Loc decided to use a waterproof headlamp,
the Duo. The battery pack first needed to be moved to protect it from
the cold. Instead of being located on the back of the head, it was moved
to the top, where it would stay warm underneath multiple layers of
hoods and beanies. Grinding down the primary light socket provi-
ded just enough space to replace the incandescent bulb with a Power
LED, an extremely powerful diode recently developed for automobile
headlights. The second light socket was made up of 14 LEDs, and eve-
rything was soaked in a silicone bath to provide increased durability.
The last modification to be made was replacing the various regular,
smaller buttons with push buttons to make the headlamp easier to
use when wearing thick gloves. Mike Horn and his associate would
take six of these custom-made headlamps with them. In March 2006,
after a sixty-day trek, they reached their objective without encountering
the slightest lighting problem. Loc Souillet.

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Even though the polar headlamps continued accompanying Mike

Horn on other adventures, they were never sold in stores. However, after
their first collaboration with Mike, Petzl decided to continue sponsoring
the adventurer, who in 2008 started an ambitious education program.
Over the course of four years, he would bring groups of young adults
to the most spectacular places on earth on his sailboat, the Pangaea.
The goal of these trips was building awareness about how fragile the
environment is, and how vital it is to protect it. Petzl provided the team
with equipment, and high-mountain guide Erwan Le Lann, Petzl team
manager, was assigned to handle the safety elements for each expedition.
By 2005, the race for the most lumens became a major contest
among manufacturers, all vying for competitive advantage. Whoever
offered the most powerful lamp had the edge. In 2008, Petzl came out
with the Ultra, which at 360 lumens has a 120-meter range. Originally
developed for runners and other athletes who need a powerful light
source at night, the Ultra has also become wildly popular with profes-
sionals, particularly in mountain rescue. These were the professionals
for whom Petzl designed, for the first time in 2010, a headlamp called
the Pixa, which quickly became the headlamp of choice at construction
sites everywhere.
Other opportunities quickly emerged, such as designing an intel-
ligent lighting system. This was an idea once again inspired by the
automobile industry, which developed the first generation of headlamps
that automatically turn on when entering a tunnel or as night falls.
Cavers were also enthusiastic about the concept. A headlamp capable of
instantly adapting to available light would reduce the need to constantly
fiddle with brightness settings, and would considerably prolong battery
life Paul was immediately taken with the idea, which he conside-
red a true technological breakthrough. The task of developing the
new technology was not an easy one for Boris Bouffay and his team.
They needed to integrate a light sensor in the bulb sockets to measure
and analyze incoming light reflected in the environment. In addition,
they developed a software application that tailored headlamp perfor-
mance for each specific activity trail running, mountaineering, etc.

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Mike Horn in the polar night.

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Professional lighting.

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In January 2012, the NAO was revealed to the public at ISPO, the
international winter sports trade show that takes place every year in
Munich, Germany. Paul spent the entire show at the Petzl booth, where
trade visitors were invited to walk through a tunnel wearing the new
headlamp. Each time someone exited the tunnel, Paul watched their
reaction closely. He looked perfectly relaxed the whole time, masking his
hope that the new device would take them by surprise and leave them
with a lasting impression. At the end of the event, the NAO won one
of the prizes for best innovations of the year. Onstage, the beaming
company president was giddy as a schoolboy, lighting the audience with
his headlamp.
Seven months later, on August 31, 2012, terrible weather hit the
Mont-Blanc Range. After a week-long heat wave, snow and rain were
forecast for the 10th edition of the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB).
At the last minute, organizers were forced to use an alternate course
for the main event. There was no way they could send thousands
of runners over multiple mountain passes in such poor conditions
So runners would compete for a spot on the podium over a single night.
In the last decade, the 160-kilometer ultra-marathon that circumna-
vigates the highest summit in Europe has become the flagship event for
a sport that has rapidly grown in recent years. Each year, ten thousand
people attempt to register for slightly more than 2,000 available slots.
The top runners take just under 24 hours to finish the course and its
brutal 10,000-meter vertical gain/drop, but most spend two nights in the
great outdoors before reaching the finish line in Chamonix. As part of
this new craze, other ultra-marathons have popped up in the mountain
ranges all over France, following in the footsteps of historic ultras that
have been taking place for years in places like the Island of Reunion
or in the Pyrenees. This new widespread passion has created exciting
new market opportunities in footwear, apparel, backpacks, hydration
packs and, of course, headlamps. Sponsored trail runners have begun
appearing on the covers of sports magazines, and the first of these was
Catalan-born Kilian Jornet, who excels as much in organized races as
in his own personal high-mountain challenges. Ultra (top) and Nao (bottom) headlamps.

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Just down the street from the church in Chamonix, standing on

a balcony, Paul scanned the crowd of runners standing at the UTMB
starting line. He had not planned to compete in the race, but rather to
spend time with retailers, who were fascinated as he was by the unique
buzz of the event. A few hours earlier, he had congratulated Dawa Sherpa,
a member of Team Petzl, who had won the Trace des Ducs de Savoie,
another of the races planned during the trail running festival that the
UTMB has gradually evolved into. Dawa ran the 112-kilometer race
in 14:37 From the balcony, Paul recognized one of the competitors
Petzl booth for headlamp assistance. in the crowd below, Loc Blondeau, a young engineer at Petzl who was
busy adjusting the NAO on his head and focusing on the impending
task, like the rest of the runners around him, most of whom had already
donned their headlamps.
A few dozen kilometers away, in Contamines Montjoie, Marie Guiguet
and Tiphanie Cordier had just finished setting up the Petzl aid station.
Due to the bad weather, the course would not be illuminated by the full
moon as initially expected. The headlamp was therefore a true piece of
safety - even survival - equipment. Between changing batteries, lending
headlamps, and helping with minor fixes, the night would prove long
Dawa Sherpa finishes first in the 2012 TDS. for them as well...

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Kilian Jornet.

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R oc k s i n s t oc k , par t 2
Chris Sharma in Kalymnos.
 Rocks i n s t o c k , pa rt 2

The view from the Guizhou province governors office was breath-
taking. The entire city of Guiyang, with its two million inhabitants,
presented itself in a sweeping panorama from the building where the
local dignitary occupied the entire top floor. Erwan Le Lann had no clue
as to the identity of the numerous people who were in the conference
room, some probably very important. The Team Petzl manager was
there to obtain formal authorization to organize the upcoming Roctrip
that was supposed to start in just ten days, on October 26, 2011! This
was not for lack of planning; Erwan was now on his eighth trip to the
south of China to prepare for the world-renowned climbers gathering.
The authorities had already given him the green light; his local govern-
ment liaison had not shown any sign of worry; the Chinese outdoor
equipment manufacturers were all involved But when Erwan had
arrived in China a just a few days earlier to welcome the 500 people
from 35 countries who would be participating in the event, he learned
that nothing was going as planned. Not only were preparations far from
finished, but certain local stakeholders were not cooperating.
Erwan pressed for a meeting with the governor to discuss the
event. Despite the presence of an interpreter, he ended up understanding
little of what was being discussed across the large round table. The
meeting went on for what seemed like an eternity. He finally decided
to speak his mind, I am certain that you all want the Roctrip to take
place To make this happen and to ensure success, we need to start
working together right now, since some climbers planning to attend
the event have already arrived. If problems arise, we can work them Erwan Le Lann.

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 1

2 3
Roctrip China. 1: Dani Andrada and Chris Sharma on Corazon de Ensueo. 2: Dave Graham. 3: Mlissa Le Neve.
 4 5

6 7
4: Sean Villanueva. 5: Enzo Oddo. 6: Chinese poem at the base of Fish Crag. 7: Mike Fuselier and Nina Caprez.
Chapter IX

out as we go, right? It took the interpreter an eternity to translate,

and Erwan sat, wondering how his words would be construed Quite
well, apparently! The governor stood up and spoke to each participant
one by one, in a way that made it clear that he was in charge and that
they each had their assignments. He then stamped the pile of papers.
Erwan left the building with all of the proper authorizations in hand.
Next stop, the rice-growing valley of Getu and its Karst peaks, a five-
hour drive from Guiyang. Among the many cliffs that tower above the
forest, rises a colossal natural arch referred to locally as Chuanschang;
an arch pierced in the fall by the dawns early sunlight. Only a handful
of Chinese climbers had paid a visit to these strange rock walls over
the years. The climbing possibilities in this enchanted vertical world
were endless. A few months earlier, certain members of Team Petzl
had spent time in the Getu Valley putting up new routes and preparing
for the event, bolting a total of 250 pitches over nine new areas. Now,
for five days, amateur and professional climbers would be able to enjoy
this brand new climbing area. The event was also opened to spectators,
who sat beneath the arch, taking cover from the frequent storms,
in order to admire the physical prowess of the current climbing elite.
Spaniard Dani Andrada, also known as La Machina, sent the
eight overhanging pitches of Corazon de Ensueno, a route that he
Leaving for the cliffs of Getu. spent eleven days bolting, with pitches rated 7a to 8c Lynn Hill, who
celebrated her fiftieth birthday, was also there, always excited to join
Team Petzl. She met up with fellow American Chris Sharma, lauded
by the media as the best climber in the world. Nice-based climber
Enzo Oddo, already flirting with grade 9 climbs at the age of 15, was
present, as was Swiss champion Nina Caprez, a specialist in difficult
multi-pitch routes. Other elite French climbers such as Daniel Dulac,
Tony Lamiche, and well-known climbing couple Stphanie Bodet and
Arnaud Petit, also showed up.
This was the ninth year that Petzl had organized the climbing fes-
tival. In 2002, at the same time that Team Ice was busy garnering a
healthy dose of media attention, the equipment manufacturer decided
to provide the rock climbing community with a fun event to bring

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climbers together. The festival would be open to everyone, and take

place at an exceptional natural site. Laurent de la Fouchardire chose
the Boffi cliffs, near Millau in southern France, to host the very first
Roctrip in August 2002, organized in partnership with the French
Alpine Club and one of its directors, Michal Pradeyrol. To add a
little spice to the event, participants were asked to test their skills on
an extremely difficult route called La Voie Ultime (The Ultimate
Route). Chris Sharma caught everyones eye. One year earlier, at just
20 years of age, the California native had been the first person to
send the route Biographie in Cese, near Gap, France. Rated 9a+,
it remains one of the most difficult climbs in the world. The main
goal of the event at its inception, and even today, was not to compete, Tony Lamiche on The Mandala, in Bishop, California.
but to highlight an exceptional climbing spot, and put up new routes
in order to showcase the areas potential to climbers across the world.
The notion of sharing an incredible experience has been the common
theme for every Roctrip since.
In November 2002, Petzl organized a second climbing festival in the
United States, working hand-in-hand with its subsidiary in Salt Lake
City. This event focused on bouldering, and took place just outside
the small town of Bishop, in the California desert. Guillaume Broust,
a young in-house director, filmed the climbers, and for the first time
ever, posted video clips online during the event; traffic to Petzls website
skyrocketed. Over the years, these videos have become more polished.
In 2006, among the boulders in Navalosa, Spain, the team dressed in
funky, seventies-style clothing, sunglasses, and platform shoes to play
in Navalameca, a bouldering documentary filmed as a goofy musical.
Petzl continued to plan the Roctrip year after year. Even though
the company was able to increase brand awareness through the event,
the primary goal from the start was to inspire and invigorate the rock
climbing community. In 2004, Petzl, along with other manufacturers,
participated in a gathering of more than one thousand climbers among
the boulders of Targassonic, Spain, to pay homage to the free-climbing
ethic no rules, no rankings, and no cash prizes; the atmosphere was
reminiscent of Woodstock Two years later, the Roctrip took place Poster for Navalameca in 2006.

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Sport catalogs from 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012.

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in Kalymnos, and placed the spotlight on the small Greek island in the
Aegean Sea, near Turkey, which has now become an extremely popular
climbing destination.

On the equipment side, Petzl continued to invest heavily in the harness

market. In 1999 and again in 2001, more than ten new models were
added to the catalog. The production site in Eybens was once again on
the verge of being overrun with too many orders. In order to relieve
Jacques Lancelons team, Paul had originally planned to expand the
Quatuor building, the small factory located in the Vercors Mountains
that produced harnesses for the professional market. However, the
profitability of their harness products was dropping due to an increasing
number of international competitors. In addition, the French government
had just passed a law mandating a maximum 35-hour work week, which
required a major internal reorganization and created a rather difficult
situation for the company.
Paul ultimately decided to expand production abroad. Choosing to
Working on harnesses in the Eybens factory. work with a subcontractor hundreds of kilometers from Crolles was not
an easy decision. After a thorough search, he and Jacques Lancelon met
Frdric Bertholon, a Frenchman living in Romania whose company
specialized in making shoulder bags and belts. They established a solid
and trusting working relationship. Petzl sent machines to produce certain
parts of the harness that would then be sent back to France to undergo
a finishing stage, inspection and then packaging.
Production started in 2002. Over the next two years, forty people
were hired in Romania. Back in France, Paul had no choice but to close
the Quatuor factory fortunately, most of the seventeen employees
were able to find work at Petzl headquarters or in other companies.
After months of uncertainty regarding the future of harness production,
First harness shipment from PMM in Malaysia. this part of the companys business was no longer threatened. A second
expansion of production took place in 2010, with a new factory in
Malaysia that would employ over one hundred people.
At the same time, Petzl continued its efforts to make life simpler and
safer for climbers; as a group, they are constantly in search of versatile

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Sama. Adjama.

Selena. Luna.

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tools allowing them to practice their passion on all types of rock. In 2001,
the dual-purpose Reverso hit the shelves, a two-in-one belay device.
It replaced the two devices climbers had been using for multi-pitch
climbs: a figure-eight or tube-style device to belay the leader, and an
auto-locking plate device to belay one or two seconds. This innovation
would also quickly be adopted by the competition, which came out
with devices providing the same features Over the next decade, Petzl
would design three versions of the Reverso, each one lighter than its
predecessor and able to handle thinner and thinner ropes.
After celebrating its twentieth birthday, it was finally time for the
The Reverso belay device. Grigri to receive a makeover. Petzls beloved device needed to catch up
with the times, especially with the widespread use of smaller diameter
ropes. In the process, the Grigri 2 ended up twenty percent lighter and
with a much more compact design than its older sibling.

For all of these updates, Petzl strove to remain in close contact with
climbers to better understand and anticipate their needs. This task was
not as easy as in the 1980s. By 2004, the company counted more than
two hundred employees in France. The number of contact points within
the company increased, and unplanned meetings with the outside world
grew less frequent. Yet a simple visit to R&D would soon generate new
momentum for the company.
In 2005, mountaineer and high-mountain guide Arnaud Petit was
preparing an expedition to the Trango Towers in Pakistan. The 1996
The Grigri 2 belay device. Climbing World Cup winner, along with his significant other, Stpha-
nie Bodet, were traveling to the most spectacular big walls across the
globe in search of new routes to establish. This time around, the couple
wanted to free climb Eternal Flame, a spectacular spire topping out
at 6,240meters, along with Christophe Dumarest and Franois Petit,
Arnauds brother. In order to send the 800-meter climb, with most
pitches at 7a or harder, they would need extremely lightweight gear.
Arnaud had been sponsored by Petzl for more than ten years. Howe-
ver, for this particular task, he had simply been unable to find exactly
what he was looking for in the Crolles-based manufacturers range of

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Dayla Ojeda and Chris Sharma demonstrating a dynamic belay.

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Arnaud Petit and Stphanie Bodet on the Grand Capucins Petit route.

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carabiners. Passionate about equipment design, he paid a visit to the

factory with competitors products in hand. Their carabiners allowed
him to reduce the weight in his backpack by one kilo, a considerable
amount It was precisely the jolt Petzl needed to design a new piece of
equipment. Although the company had made significant improvements
to the locking mechanism of their carabiners over the years, develo-
ping different sleeves that slide or screw tight, it had yet to tackle the
challenge of reducing weight.
Back from his expedition, Arnaud Petit played an active role in the
project. Even though he dreamed of an ultra-lightweight carabiner,
he warned Petzls engineers about premature wear that occurred with
the existing lightweight carabiners from other manufacturers. The elite
climber insisted on maintaining a minimum width, essential in the event
of a fall. In order to reduce grams, engineer Pierre Plaze designed a very
thin gate, which he named monofil (single wire), while keeping the The Ange quickdraw.
tried and true Keylock system to guarantee both strength and safety
when opening and closing the carabiner.
The Ange hit the market in 2011. Giving an early glimpse into the
potential of the new carabiner, Arnaud Petit and Stphanie Bodet set
out to repeat a route that Arnaud had established thirteen years before,
up Grand Capucins east face, but which he had not succeeded in clim-
bing completely free. This time around, the couple sent the thirteen
pitches of the Petit route, including a pitch of 8b, in a day.

Removed from such elite-level climbing, Petzl continued to invest in

more general public pursuits. Along with climbing, both via ferrata The Pirana descender.
and canyoning also experienced a great deal of growth in the 1990s.
Thanks to the longtime expertise of its caving clients, who regularly have
to deal with wet conditions and water, Petzl launched a specific canyoning
harness as early as 1991. The first Petzl via ferrata lanyard was included
in the catalog five years later. In 2001, both sports filled the opening
pages of the catalog, with a descender specifically designed for waterfalls
and rushing water, called the Pirana. In order to provide an opportunity
for these activities to grow, Petzl, along with other stakeholders, had to

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fight a long legal battle beginning in the 2000s. The issue at hand was
the legality of renting or lending safety equipment, such as harnesses,
designed to protect users in the event of a fall. Transposing European
standards to French law in 1992 had caused a serious legal quandary:
if interpreted literally, European regulations made it impossible to rent
or lend a descender, carabiner or harness if the equipment had been
used even once. This represented a potentially massive headache for
climbing instructors and guides who wanted to take their clients canyo-
ning or up a via ferrata, as well as a loss of revenue for manufacturers.
In 1996, Paul decided to support, along with other business leaders,
the efforts made by the French Federation of Sports and Leisure Indus-
tries (FIFAS) to effect a change in the rule. These companies felt that
prohibiting the rental of personal protective equipment, or PPE, actually
generated a greater risk for the occasional participant (via ferrata or
canyoning) by creating a situation where they would likely be motivated
by cost to use inadequate equipment. This strong push from the industry
helped to finalize French regulations regarding compulsory inspections
for rented or lent PPE. A ruling in 2004 officially authorized their use.

However, like all vertical pursuits, both canyoning and via ferratas
carry inherent risks, in spite of being pleasurable and relatively easy
activities to participate in. At Petzl, the notion of risk has never been an
abstract concept and has touched the men and women working at the
company on more than one occasion. Colleagues have been killed in the
mountains, either during leisure time or while working as high-mountain
guides... a difficult pill to swallow for people who have always worked hard,
day in and day out, to improve safety for mountain sports enthusiasts.
The Roc du Vent via ferrata in the Beaufortain Mountains The Team Petzl members and mountaineers who have collaborated
and canyoning in Val Bodengo, Italy. closely with the company have not been spared from tragedy either.
Pierre Bghin, Jean-Marc Boivin, Jean-Christophe Lafaille, ice climber
Hari Berger, snowboarder Karine Ruby were all familiar faces who one
day were simply no longer with us.
Even more difficult to accept are accidents that involve customers.
These are rare, and often caused by misuse of a given piece of gear.

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For the millions of units that Petzl manufactures every year, the goal has
always been zero defects. Although every precaution is taken to reach
this objective, being able to declare victory with absolute certitude is
nearly impossible. This concern became a reality in a dramatic way on
May 5, 2011, just a few kilometers down the road from the Crolles
factory. On that day, a young man was climbing the Bastille via ferrata,
just above the city of Grenoble. During the ascent he slipped, but instead
of being caught by his equipment, he fell twenty meters to the ground.
The 24-year-old engineer woke up from a coma six weeks later with
multiple broken bones and an optical nerve so severely damaged that
he ended up almost completely blind.
An investigation very quickly revealed the cause of the accident.
The climbers lanyard had broken due to a missing safety seam. It was a
The Scorpio via
Petzl-made lanyard. The Scorpio had been around for eight years already,
ferrata lanyard.
without any incident or accident to speak of. The lanyard had even
been considered a significant innovation in via ferrata safety equipment
after its launch in 2003, since it was equipped with tear stitching,
energy-absorbing webbing with stitches that break in the event of a fall
to better absorb forces created by the fall. In this particular case, it was
clear that something had malfunctioned.
The news created a black cloud over the company. Employees were
in a state of shock, especially those working in the Eybens factory where
the defective lanyard had been made. Paul immediately spoke with
the injured mans family and promised to accept responsibility for the
accident. He committed to paying for all medical bills not covered by
the victims insurance, as well as damages. The company then needed
to consider all the other Scorpio users. Production and sales of the
lanyard were halted immediately, and Petzl recalled all Scorpio versions,
over 100,000 products. Bernard Bressoux, Petzls technical director,
managed what was a very complex task, since certain models had been
in circulation since 2002 and their owners were spread out across the
planet. The company also insisted that work-at-height professionals
carefully inspect all gear equipped with energy absorbers, providing
them with a very specific inspection procedure to follow. One-and-

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a-half years later, in October 2012, Petzl had recovered 40% of the
recalled products. These initial measures were not enough to reassure
Paul. He considered this accident to be a personal failure. It was, and
is, of course, impossible for him to inspect every step of production or
to stand behind each employee while they worked. He himself was not
infallible. Nevertheless, the company president was convinced that he
had missed the warning signs, and that he had failed to detect a weakness
somewhere in the process. After an internal investigation, it turned out
that the defective lanyard, made in 2002, had undergone not one but
two inspections that proved incapable of detecting the missing seam.
This dual visual inspection had been considered at the time to be one
of the most reliable methods of guaranteeing product quality.

For Paul, the accident needed to drive change within the company,
to set in motion an extremely thorough reassessment of how things were
done. This introspection would serve to guarantee both client safety and
the long-term viability of the company. It required that every industrial
process be examined in order to analyze, for each operation and each
machine, what could cause a defect, how to detect it and how to fix it.
The entire affair also strengthened the resolve of upper management
to see new work methods applied to each one of the companys pro-
duction units. Inspiration came in part from the Lean manufacturing
model, a method that many Japanese manufacturers had developed
and implemented to manage production, and to more directly involve
employees in the quality process, encouraging them to speak out when
there is a problem. Little by little, these principles were applied to every
one of Petzls production lines.
On March 1, 2012, Paul went before the Grenoble District Court.
After the Bastille accident, his company was on trial for negligence.
Once again he expressed his utmost remorse and the sentiment that
he was personally responsible for the accident. He also explained that
he was doing everything within his power to ensure it would never
happen again. The prosecutor considered the company to be liable for
the accident, pushing for a 50,000-euro fine and for the final verdict

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to be published in numerous magazines. The company was found not

guilty, but the prosecution appealed the decision, which at the end of
2012 was still pending. Whatever the final ruling, at Petzl there is now,
and will forever be, a time before and a time after May 5, 2011.

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Base ca m p
Crolles base camp.
 Base camp

Paul had just returned to his office, and he clearly wasnt going to
have time to clean up his workspace. Again. But was that really such a
bad thing? The room, full of life, was scattered with prototypes from
every era, dating back to old devices that Fernand had built. Memories
of past trips decorated the walls and desk. Stacks of books and piles of
brochures lay everywhere. There was a photo of his granddaughter
That evening, once he arrived home, he had left the workday behind
him. In his head, he had closed the company door until the following
morning. His wife Catherine had always been jealous of Pauls ability to
compartmentalize, and had a hard time setting aside everyday concerns.
There was her own role in the companys sales department, of course,
organizing and prioritizing order deliveries for both small and large dis-
tributors and retailers around the world. But she also felt responsible for
the general health and well-being of the company, even though she and
Paul rarely ever discussed it at home. She always had the impression she
was carrying this weight on her shoulders alone, like a heavy backpack.
Thankfully, the pressure had begun to ease a little. It was already the end
of 2011. After forty years at the helm of Petzl, the couple was thinking
more and more about the next chapter in their lives.
Paul took advantage of a few minutes of downtime to scribble some
notes. The next day, he planned to meet with an architect to create a
new reception area for the companys headquarters in Crolles, one
that would be more than just a simple front desk to welcome visitors.
Pauls vision was to create a space blending history and modernity. Catherine Petzl.

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The underground area would highlight the legacy Fernand left behind;
he had passed away in 2003, at the age of 90. The upper level would
hold a gallery to showcase products, and a reception area for clients
and other contacts. Paul had a round building in mind, reminiscent of
an underground cave, or a heart, or the atom Something extremely
symbolic, to break from the past generation of buildings constructed
in Crolles. Another 2,700 square meters of office space had just been
added to the factory to bring together over a hundred people from the
design and R&D teams under one roof. Construction had also started
on a vast new logistics platform that, by 2013, would make supply and
order management far more efficient.

As night fell, Paul took a quick look out his office window. Over the
last few years, he hadnt simply added more office space to grow his
company. He had made a concerted attempt to improve organization,
not always an easy task. During the mid-2000s, Paul felt the need to
free himself from his operational responsibilities in order to spend
more time focusing on the future. The companys first general manager,
Pascal Bonino, was hired in 2005, so that Paul could fully assume the
role of president. Unfortunately, the two men had a hard time defining
their respective roles and finding their place. The experiment proved
short-lived and ended after three years.
At the beginning of 2009, Paul chose to place his trust in a new
GM, Romain Lcot. The engineer, who started his career at French
aluminum conglomerate Pchiney, had already run a 400-person pac-
kaging company, one of Petzls regular suppliers. He had also managed
an organic bakery in Annecy for a year, a humbling experience that
made him realize the essential role distribution plays in a projects
success or failure.
When he joined Petzl, Romain Lcot found the company in the
midst of a corporate confidence crisis over its heightening growing
pains. Petzl had almost 500 employees in France and abroad. Past
management methods relied far too much on each individuals instinct
Romain Lcot. and passion, and were no longer effective. An executive committee

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was formed to address the situation, but some employees still felt that
the company had no sense of direction, that their efforts were in vain,
and that innovation had, to a certain extent, fallen by the wayside. The
situation seemed all the more worrisome given that competition had
intensified and a severe economic downturn was being felt the world
over. Petzl is like a Formula 1 race car, Paul had explained when he
hired Romain Lcot: it was a high-performance machine, as long as you
avoided skidding off the track. In 2009, the company went through a
series of internal reorganizations in an effort to put said race car back
on track. Fine-tuning the engine and improving efficiency became the
top priority for the new executive team.
One year later, Paul celebrated his sixtieth birthday. Consulting with
his immediate family, he started thinking about the best way to hand
over the Petzl reins, not only in inheritance terms, but also with the
idea of preserving the founding values of the independent family-run
company. In the future, his descendants would obviously have a role to
play. Pauls youngest son, Olivier, who joined the company right after
graduating college, had recently become head of textile production in
Eybens. Jacques and Dany Lancelon had retired four years earlier, after
a three-decade-long professional adventure that they stayed passionate
about until the very end. Sbastien, Pauls eldest son, also had plans
to come aboard, and in 2012 joined the IT department as a project
manager, after having worked several years as an accountant.
Pierre, Pauls brother, who spent his entire life making sure that the
tools of production worked properly, was also able to pass on his passion
to one of his three children. Christophe, an illustrator and computer
graphics designer, joined the Studio in 2003. Working in the technical
information department, he currently helps the team put together the
legendary technical manuals, now translated into more than fifteen
languages and available on the Internet as user guides.

From his office, Paul could hear people leaving the building at the
end of their training sessions. After delegating the position of general
manager, he had moved his office into the V.axess building, which also Olivier, Sbastien and Christophe Petzl.

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Petzl headquarters in Crolles, 2012.

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houses the Petzl Foundation. Created at the end of 2005, the Foundation
has taken up a great deal of his time. The idea had been simmering for
years since 1999, in fact, when the Petzl America subsidiary had taken
the initiative to protect and defend access to one of southern Utahs
legendary climbing areas. At the time, a real estate project to build luxury
homes threatened access to Castleton Tower, a unique and impressive
120-meter-high monolith that attracts climbers from around the world.
A local organization, Castle Rock Collaboration, was formed to fight the
project and preserve the natural wonder of the site, to ensure it would
never be surrounded by this or by future development. John Evans
and Roody Rasmussen, both working for Petzl in the United States,
recommended that the company devote financial resources to the cause,
alongside other equipment manufacturers. Hundreds of thousands of
dollars were collected, allowing the organization to purchase part of the
site and maintain free access to the Tower.
Little by little, Paul grew interested in supporting projects that served
the very communities that had allowed his company to grow. One of
his friends helped him to turn the idea into reality. Franois Lemar-
chand, the founder of the Nature et Dcouvertes chain of stores,
had knocked on Pauls door fifteen years earlier. He was selling Petzl
headlamps in his stores and wanted to get to know his supplier a little
better... A strong bond quickly formed between the two men. Franois
Lemarchand told Paul about the foundation he had created in 1990 to
support environmental protection projects in France and across Africa,
and he was able to guide Paul in the process.

The Petzl Foundation was officially launched during a backpacking

trip in the Vercors Mountains. Paul was accompanied by the Founda-
tions twelve board members, including eight who were not part of
the company. Among them were Bernard Amy, one of the founders of
Mountain Wilderness, a conservation organization; Simone Allibert,
president of the adventure travel agency that bears her familys name;
glaciologist Luc Moreau; former prefect Marcel Peres, an expert in
mountain safety; and Claude Rey, the president of the International Fede-

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Franois Damilano drilling for an ice core sample in Argentire for the Cristal de Glace project.

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ration of Mountain Guide Associations (IFMGA). Jean-Jacques Eleouet,

a specialist in heritage sites, environmental conservation, and non-profits,
became the Foundations first secretary-general, and determined the top
three priorities of the vertical world that the organization would strive
to address: safety awareness, environmental protection, and research.
Within its first few months, the Foundation was working closely with
numerous important stakeholders involved in mountain activities. One
of the first scientific projects the Foundation funded involved primary
research on waterfall ice, conducted by the Glaciology & Environmental
Geophysics Laboratory in Grenoble. Never before had the formation
and destruction of runoff ice been studied so closely. With an ever-in-
creasing number of mountain sports enthusiasts scaling these ephemeral
and fragile ice structures, the research results provided climbers with
critical safety information. As of 2012, the program was still validating,
at different elevations and in different climates, the first conclusions
from research conducted on the well-known Argentire ice falls of the
Mont Blanc range.
In the safety sphere, the Foundation became a natural extension
of the work that Petzl had been doing for years. The company had
started off funding the non-profit La Chamoniarde organization, which
continues to provide free mountaineering training in the Mont Blanc
range to this day. One year after its creation, the Foundation published
a manual explaining how to safely travel through glaciated terrain.
In 2007, the Foundation began working with the Nepal Mountaineering
Association to provide professional training to trekking guides.
The project was led by guide Patrick Magnier, who oversaw field testing
for Petzl after having spent years as a brand ambassador. He was also
directly involved in creating programs for the Kakani International
Training Center, located just north of Kathmandu. Eric Lescarcelle,
head of the customer support department, would later take his place.
The Foundation also contributed to training programs in several countries
benefiting work-at-height and hazardous environment professionals,
including firefighters in Peru. In 2012, the Foundation coordinated
a large-scale project to edit and publish a complete mountaineering Patrick Magnier training Nepalese trekking guides.

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handbook for all the alpine clubs affiliated with the International Moun-
taineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA). As for its environmental role,
in 2007, the Foundation took part in yet another fundraising campaign
launched by climbers in the United States. To provide a powerful voice
to their cause, Petzl organized its annual Roctrip in the Red River Gorge
in Kentucky, helping to collect 30,000 dollars over a single weekend
towards the purchase of property in the Gorge, where an oil company
had originally planned to drill. Two years later, the Foundation became
the primary donor to Access PanAm, a non-profit organization whose
mission is to maintain access to, and ensure the environmental protection
of, cliffs throughout of Latin America. Financial support continues to
be provided to other environmental conservation projects to this day,
many working to protect various bird species: Bonellis Eagle, Bearded
Vultures, tropical birds of the Indian Ocean, not to mention bats

During its first five years, the Foundation was deeply involved in
over forty projects. And from the outset, Paul also wanted to take
on controversial projects within the mountain community. For him,
the non-profit organizations role was not just to hand out checks;
it was also to contribute to the debate. Why not make waves from time
to time in order to raise awareness?
In 2006, Paul heard about a project to rebuild the Aigle hut.
The French Alpine Club planned to demolish and replace the nearly
hundred-year-old shelter, located on a rocky outcrop at an elevation
of 3,441 meters, just beneath La Meije in the crins range, with a
larger modern building. The project had stirred up a huge hornets
nest. Built in 1910 and one of the ranges last surviving wooden huts,
the one-room Aigle hut, with its bunks located right next to the kitchen,
provided spartan conditions that both its manager and high-mountain
guides complained about. The building no longer complied with fire
codes, leading the mayor of the small mountain town of La Grave, legally
responsible for the hut, to seriously consider passing a town ordinance
closing it. But in the eyes of many, the Aigle hut occupied an important
The Aigle Hut renovation project. place in mountaineering history, and was one of the last bastions of a

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certain rustic atmosphere that no longer exists in the more modern,

recently built mountain huts. Aigle means eagle in French, and the
shelter, nestled on its rocky perch next to a stunning natural spire, had
been placed on a preservation registry by the Haute-Alpes department.
Paul was sympathetic to the arguments made by those defending the
old hut, who had come together in an umbrella organization called the
Amis de lAigle (Friends of the Aigle hut). Convinced that there was a
need to both preserve the historic building and address the needs of
mountaineers, Paul asked the Foundation to provide the Amis de lAigle
with a voice and support its appeals against the project. In June 2009,
the demolition permit filed by the French Alpine Club was canceled,
the first step in a long series of legal battles. Through the steering com-
mittee created by public officials, the Foundation offered to finance a
new architectural assessment to help clear the impasse. The assessment
took renovations of the hut into consideration and endeavored to pre-
serve its historic character. The proposed design kept the huts original
structure, as well as part of the sleeping area, expanding it by a few bunks
to accommodate the growing number of summertime clients, and to
make life just a bit more comfortable for the hut manager. In the end,
all of the key stakeholders decided to take part in the new restoration
project, with the exception of an Amis de lAigle faction, which as of
late 2012 had not yet returned to the negotiating table.
Offering solutions to seemingly unsolvable problems it was with this
aim in mind that in 2010 the Foundation began mulling the thorny topic
of the Goter hut approach route. The hut is the primary waypoint of
the regular Mont Blanc route, climbed by approximately 20,000 people
each summer. In 2013, a new eco-friendly hut will replace the current,
outdated 1960-era shelter, also managed by the French Alpine Club. But
this significant improvement brought to the forefront the well-known
problem with the huts approach route, which requires climbers to pass
through the Goter Couloir, nicknamed the Couloir of Death due to
frequent and random rock fall. A sort of macabre lottery, so to speak,
that Paul himself had to play when he scaled Mont Blanc in 2010. Faced
with this risk, he reacted the same way he had at any other point in his Paul Petzl.

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career, whenever new tools were needed to improve his customers safety.
He simply refused to accept the inevitability of multiple people dying
every year as they crossed the couloir, to say nothing of the tarnished
image such tragedies gave Europes highest peak.
The Foundation asked Didier Lemarchal, a geotechnical engineer,
to lead an investigation to better understand the couloirs dangers and
come up with different options to reduce the risk. In early 2011, his
results showed that certain options were simply unviable, such as the
Foundations initial idea of building a walkway. But another option was
put forward by several guides from Saint-Gervais-les-Bains: digging a
Tracks traversing the Goter Couloir. short pedestrian tunnel under the couloir. Predictably, opinions varied
wildly. For some, this was an effective way to bypass the danger; for
others, building such a structure for climbers in the mountains was
unacceptable. Those who were opposed feared that securing this par-
ticular section, with its dangerous reputation, would lead to greater
numbers of inexperienced people attempting the route. Safety, ethics,
equipping the mountains, the influx of climbers, tourism, the role of
public institutions there were more than enough ingredients to make
this a highly volatile issue for the mountaineering community.
Nevertheless, Paul and his collaborators felt that the community
did not yet have all the facts it needed to make an informed decision.
Two new studies were commissioned during the summer of 2011. One
took place in the field to quantify the risk of rock fall in the couloir. Its
findings revealed that late morning is the most dangerous time of the
day, with rock fall every 17 minutes on average. Approximately one
thousand people face this risk over the course of an entire summer,
be they experienced mountaineers or climbers accompanied by a guide.
The second study reviewed accident reports from the Chamonix and
Annecy PGHM (Mountain Rescue) archives. Conducted with the help
of mountain rescue officials, the study was led by Philippe Descamps,
the Foundations new secretary-general, a journalist and former editor-
in-chief of Montagnes Magazine. It yielded the following information:
since 1990, 74 people have died and 180 have been injured along the
Goter route, almost half of them in the infamous 100-meter couloir.

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Descending Mont Blanc via the Goter Couloir.

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The summit of Mont Blanc.

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These issues led most mountaineering federations and associations

to rapidly take steps to better inform those wishing to attempt the
ascent. With help from the Foundation, they published a leaflet pro-
viding recommendations and the most prudent advice for climbing
Mont Blanc. Entitled Reaching the top of Mont Blanc - a concern for
climbers, it was distributed in seven languages starting in the summer
of 2012. It was one more tool provided by the Foundation to public
officials and the community at large to continue helping them in their
deliberations and decisions.

Paul closed the door to his office thinking about all the projects he
would like to support. For forty years, his company has demonstrated
its ability to provide technical innovation to those who are passionate
about the mountains. His hope is that his Foundation will be able make
the same claim for general issues that affect society at large.

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E p i logue
Team Petzl at the Gouffre Berger cave in 2011.
 E pi l o g u e

Paul sits down in the Summum, one of Grenobles main concert halls.
Every year, it hosts Frances largest mountain film festival, a marquee
event organized by the city. More than three thousand people are taking
their seats to watch the evenings screenings. Petzl is one of the events
main partners and has supported numerous film productions over the
last decade. For the companys president, this evening in November
2011 is particularly special.
The lights dim and the crowd quiets. The first film is entitled Immer-
sion. Both color and black-and-white images light up the screen, and
quickly transport the audience into the bowels of the earth. The summer
before, a group of Team Petzl athletes had taken part in a trip to explore
the Gouffre Berger cave, guided by the voice of Jean Lavigne, one of the
cavers who had broken the world depth record with Fernand Petzl in
1956. The film artfully switches back and forth between sequences from
George Marrys 1962 film and modern footage. The past and present
seem to perfectly mimic each other. It looks as though we are seeing
the same faces, smiling yet focused; the same gestures when donning a
helmet, turning on ones lamp, and handling the rope; the same fasci-
nating places, bottomless shafts, narrow passageways, and huge caves
covered with strangely sculptured features.

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Nevertheless, the audience can tell that the modern cavers explo-
ration is different from that of their elders. The beauty of the cave
surprises them, as does its difficulty. Franois Lombard, who helped
organize the expedition, is astounded by the overwhelming silence that
reigns in these caverns, barely disturbed here and there by the sound
of dripping water. In order to fully experience the calm in the cave,
he turns off his headlamp. The audience is thrust into the pitch black
along with Franois, and the immense hall becomes so silent one could
hear a pin drop. At this point, small points of light appear in a corner.
They approach the stage and cross it in a single file without making a
sound. One can barely make out the shapes of men and women wearing
Fernand and Paul Petzl. headlamps and red jumpsuits. It is as though they had left the screen to
invite audience members to follow them on the exploration.
The film continues. More than once, Paul gets shivers up his spine
when he sees his father in archive footage. What would he have thought
of the tribute being paid to him tonight? Perhaps he would have appre-
ciated it, despite his modesty and reserved nature. Towards the end of his
life, Fernand began showing a bit more emotion. After having collected
a large number of carbide lamps and sewing machines, at the age of
85, he became passionate about robots. One day, after having gone to
an exhibition, he decided to make a replica of a doll he saw, one that
was capable of dipping a pen in an ink bottle and writing a few words.
He even asked to see how the mechanism worked. Fernand then went
to work for three or four months to make his own robot, using the
motor from a record player.
The entire family of course admired his creation. The doll drew each
letter with remarkable precision, writing I love you all. Fernand had
once again demonstrated his talent as an inventor and an artisan. It was
only a few days before his death that Paul understood why his father
had been so adamant about making the toy. Feeling his strength waning,
Fernand was finally able to say out loud the phrase that the robot had
written out. It was as if he needed to use the machine in order to be
able to express his feelings to his loved ones.

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On the screen, the films protagonists, at a depth of 1,122 meters,

drink a toast to their success. They then begin the long climb back to
the light of day. Paul recognizes the voiceover of Serge Caillault, a caving
friend, who closes the final film sequence with words that resonate
like an echo of Pauls own thoughts. According to geologists, we have
discovered less than 10% of the subterranean world. The exploration
is not even close to being finished and I dont think it ever will be.

Crolles, France, October 30, 2012

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PO RT F O LIO C A PTIO NS |

P.236 Anchor production in Rotherens. Drop test and helmet test at the testing tower.
On the Grigri production line. In the sales department. arnaud childeric
P.237 Preparing orders. V.axess training. Textile production. arnaud childeric
P.238 Work-at-height training. Product testing. Helmet research and development.
Lighting research and development. arnaud childeric
P.239 In the graphic design studio. Harness manufacturing. Headlamp testing. Crampon manufacturing.
Textile research and development. arnaud childeric
P.240 Philippe Batoux underneath the Mer de Glace, Mont Blanc Range, France. pascal tournaire
P.241 Christophe Dumarest and Yann Borgnet during their Bonatti trilogy linkup on the Pilier Rouge du
Brouillard, Mont Blanc Range, Italy. pascal tournaire
Descent in Santito, Sierra Negra, Mexico. gustavo vela, explos.fr
P.242 Michel Fauquet aka Tchouky on the Aiguille du Midis south face, Mont Blanc Range, France.
jean-franois hagenmuller

Descending Pisca de Galu Canyon, Corsica, France. jocelyn chavy

Tassili nAjjer, Sahara, Algeria. jocelyn chavy
P.243 Arnaud Petit and Stphanie Bodet on Rainbow Jambaia, Salto Angel, Venezuela. evrard wendenbaum
P.244 Delphine Chenevier and Sandrine De Choudens on the route Les Marches du Temps, Escals,
Verdon Gorge, France. jocelyn chavy
Aiguilles dEntrves, Mont Blanc Range, France, Italy. guillaume vallot
P.245 Arnaud Petit and Stphanie Bodet on El Capitan, Yosemite, USA. arnaud petit
 Franois Damilano on Poker dAs, Mont Blanc du Tacul, Mont Blanc Range, France. monica dalmasso
On Mont Maudits Kffner Ridge, Mont Blanc Range, Italy-France. mario colonel
P.246 Vases Cirque, Jonte Gorge, France. jocelyn chavy
P.247 Gordon McArthur dans Bull River Canyon, Colombie-Britannique, Canada. lukasz warzecha
Ridge climbing, Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey, Mont Blanc Range, France. pascal tournaire
Maud Gobert and Seb Chaigneau, trail running training, Mont Blanc Range, France.
pascal tournaire

P.248 Mount Rushmore, South Dakota, USA. The Krcher company. david franck
P.249 Crdit Lyonnais tower, Lyon, France. arnaud childeric
Penrith Mountain Rescue Team, Haweswater Reservoir, Lake District, United Kingdom. dave willis
Stage lighting at the Bassin de Neptune, chteau de Versailles, France. The Magnum company.
stephan denys

P.250 Bourne Gorge, France. The CAN company. arnaud childeric, guillaume drouault
Hazardous environment search and rescue group, GRIMP Belgium. stephan denys
P.251 Seattles Space Needle, Washington State, USA. Skala / Ropeworks. frank huster /aurora photos
P. 252 Tree care, USA. john evans
Rockfall mitigation, Romanche Valley, France. The CAN company. arnaud childeric
P.253 Maintenance work. knut foppe
Wind turbine maintenance, Spain. stephan denys
A ppe n d i x
TIM E L INE |

1880 Birth of mile Rombauer in Budapest.

1883 mile is sent to join his fathers family in Resita, Romania.
1902 mile arrives in France without a passport. He joins the French Foreign Legion and adopts
his mothers maiden name, Petzl.
1907 After obtaining French citizenship, mile Petzl moves to Paris.
1908 mile and Louise Diot marry.
1911 Birth of their first child, Edmond Petzl.
1913 Birth of Fernand Petzl.
1914 At the beginning of World War I, mile leads a light-infantry battalion of former prisoners,
in Tataouine, Tunisia.
1916 Birth of his third son, Charles Petzl.
1926 The Petzl family moves to Lancey, near Grenoble (France), in the Grsivaudan Valley.
1930 mile Petzl is hired by Merlin Gerin, an electric equipment manufacturer in Grenoble.
The family builds a house in Saint-Ismier. Fernand, now a craftsman-modeler, discovers caving.
1936 Fernand Petzl meets caver Pierre Chevalier; the two start exploring the Dent de Crolles
together in the Chartreuse Mountains. They make their own gear in Fernands workshop
in Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes.
1940 Birth of Jacques, the first child of Fernand Petzl and Lucienne Ginet, a teacher in Saint-Ismier.
Fernand designs a 25-meter-long portable climbing mast to climb back up steep caves.
1941 In the Dent de Crolles, the Fernand Petzl and Pierre Chevalier team succeed in passing through
the junction between the Trou du Glaz and the Guiers Mort caves. The very same day, Fernand
is injured in a severe fall that permanently robs him of his sense of smell.
1943 Pierre Chevalier has a nylon rope made and tests it in the Dent de Crolles. Rot-proof,
it will become the rope of choice in the post-war period for cavers and mountaineers.
1945 Birth of Pierre Petzl, Fernands second son.
1947 Fernand Petzl and Pierre Chevalier finish their exploration of the Dent de Crolles
(four identified traverses, 17km of caves).

259
 1950 Death of mile Petzl. Paul Petzl, Fernands third son, is born.
1953 Discovery of Gouffre Berger cave on the Sornin plateau in the Vercors Mountains. Exploration of
this vast cave network begins and leads to the Cuves de Sassenage. Fernand Petzl leads the expedition.
1956 After spending two weeks underground, Fernand Petzls team breaks the world depth record by
reaching a depth of 1,122 meters below the surface.
1964 Pierre Petzl starts working with his father at the Saint-Nazaire-les-Eymes workshop.
1965 Fernand runs most caving rescues in the Grenoble region. He designs and produces
an articulated rescue litter to evacuate the injured.
1967 He starts to make tools invented by Bruno Dressler (clamps, descenders, pulleys) that slowly
replace the ladders used in caving.
1970 Paul Petzl meets Catherine Raymond, his future wife, during a trip to Germany with the youth
volunteer charity construction organization Compagnons Btisseurs. He starts college in Grenoble
to study engineering. Fernand creates Socit Splo Secours Isre (Isre Caving Search and Rescue).
1971 Fernand makes bivouac platforms for the French expedition to climb Makalus West Pillar,
in the Himalayas.
1972 Paul completes his military service with the Chasseurs Alpins (mountain infantry). Petzl hires
its first employee, Jacqueline Barbero. The SHUNT, a rappel-backup clamp, is invented. Fernand
becomes the first technical advisor for the Grenoble area caving search and rescue commission.
1973 Catherine, Pauls fiance, joins the workshop to handle accounting. The distributor network
abroad starts to grow. The first Petzl headlamp for mountaineering and an alpine touring binding
are launched. Georges Marbach and Jean-Claude Dobrilla publish Alpine Caving Techniques.
1974 Paul and Catherine marry (and eventually have two sons, Sbastien in 1978 and Olivier in 1982).
Development of the ZEDEL ascender and then the ASCENSION. Caver Jo Marbach sets up
his caving equipment company, TSA, in Montbonnot.
1975 Petzl moves to a new office in Crolles. A limited liability company is created; it has 5 employees.
Bernard Combaz becomes the first workshop manager. Product launch of the CROLL rope clamp.
1976 Work starts with Jacques and Dany Lancelon to make the first harnesses for mountaineering
and caving. Pierre Petzl (father of Murielle, Christophe and Arnaud) marries.
1977 Petzl partners with ice axe manufacturer, Charlet Moser, to sell their products together.
1978 Mountaineer Yannick Seigneur participates in the design and production of a mountaineering helmet.
1979 Product launch for the STOP descender. Mike Meredith publishes Vertical Caving,
and also helps to sell Petzl products abroad.

260
1980 Petzl official logo created. The company has 17 employees.
1981 Introduction of the ZOOM headlamp. Georges Marbach and Jean-Claude Dobrilla publish
a new edition of Alpine Caving Techniques.
1982 Jean-Paul Janssens films La vie au bout des doigts (Life by the fingertips) and Opra Vertical
are released, which introduce climber Patrick Edlinger to the general public. The AVANTI
caving harness hits the shelves.
1983 Launch of the VERCORS and CHOUCAS climbing harnesses as well the DEVOLUY helmet.
1984 Launch of the ADRENALINE climbing harness. Peter Popall joins Petzl.
1985 More than 1,000 retailers sell Petzl products in France. The first climbing competition
takes place in Bardonecchia, Italy. The first issue of the climbing and mountaineering magazine,
Vertical, is published.
1986 The test tower in Crolles is built; the first technical manuals are published. Petzl starts selling
COEUR bolt hangers. Climber Didier Raboutou wins the first indoor climbing competition
in France in Vaulx-en-Velin. He is part of the first climbing team created by Montagnes Magazine,
Petzl, and Anoralp.
1987 First Petzl advertisement with climber Patrick Edlinger. The JUMP harness, the HUIT
ANTIBRULURE figure-eight descender with anti-burn grip and the MICRO compact
headlamp hit the shelves. The French Mountaineering Federation (FFM) becomes the French
Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (FFME).
1988 The company has 30 employees. Individual testing starts for certain metal products.
Production of the first specific work-at-height and mountain rescue specific equipment.
1989 Petzl starts sponsoring American climber Lynn Hill. Nanette Raybaud and Simon Nadin
from Team Petzl win the first Climbing World Cup in Snowbird (USA).
1990 The Petzl Safety department is created (selling products for work at height and rescue),
and the NAVAHO harness for professionals is released. The communications department
is formed. Lynn Hill becomes climbing world champion.
1991 The TMI subsidiary in the United States is formed (with Rock Thompson) to produce the SPIRIT
carabiner. Petzl starts selling the GRIGRI belay device and the first canyoning-specific harness.
Production of the 8007 ski touring binding ends.
1992 The company has 45 employees in France. Inauguration of the textile production unit in Eybens,
managed by Jacques Lancelon. Implementation of a product tracking system. The company starts
to use computerized systems more widely.
1993 First catalog specifically for professionals. Petzl becomes ISO 9001 certified for quality

261
 management of production processes. Launch of the ECRIN ROC mountaineering helmet.
Lynn Hill becomes the first person to free climb the Nose (El Capitan, Yosemite).
1994 Launch of the dual-light-source, waterproof DUO headlamp.
1995 Expansion of the office space in Crolles. The company has 77 employees in France.
European standards for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) take effect.
1996 Petzl has three departments: Sports, Safety, International.
The ZYPER via ferrata lanyard hits shelves. New test tower.
1997 The ultra-light METEOR helmet and the BONNIE and CLYDE harnesses are released.
1998 Petzl acquires TSA from Georges Marbach and creates the Quatuor production unit in
Auberives-en-Royans, located in the Vercors Mountains, to manufacture harnesses for professionals.
1999 The Petzl America subsidiary is formed in Salt Lake City (Utah), and managed by Roody Rasmussen.
Henry de Rocca-Serra heads the sales division. Petzls website, www.petzl.com, goes online.
The TIBLOC compact ascender and PANTIN foot ascender are released.
2000 The company has 180 employees in France. Petzl acquires crampon and ice axe manufacturer
Charlet Moser. Petzls ice climbing team is formed. The QUARK ice axe, MINI TRAXION pulley,
and the work-at-height ID descender hit the shelves.
2001 Petzls ice climbing team participates in its first Ice World Cup. Launch of the TIKKA and ZIPKA
LED headlamps, the REVERSO belay-rappel device, and the PIRANA canyoning descender.
2002 The Charlet Moser production unit moves to Rotherens in the Savoy region. Partnership
formed with a factory in Romania to make certain Petzl harness components. The first Petzl
Roctrip takes place at the Boffi cliffs near Millau (France). Release of the QUARK ERGO ice axe
and the DART crampons. Petzl makes its first documentary film, Pitch Sorbet. The first edition
of the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc.
2003 Fernand Petzl passes away. New ISO 9001 certification. The SCORPIO via ferrata lanyard
and NEWTON fall arrest harness hit the shelves. The ZOOM headlamp is discontinued.
2004 The Quatuor factory is closed. Launch of the ASAP mobile fall-arrest device for workers at
height and the SARKEN crampons.
2005 Pascal Bonino becomes Petzls General Manager; Paul Petzl becomes president.
Creation of the EXO personal escape system, at the request of the Fire Department of New York.
Release of the VERTEX helmet for professionals.
2006 The Petzl Foundation is created. Jacques and Dany Lancelon retire. Design of the NOMIC ice axe.
Mike Horn has a special headlamp made in order to cross the North Pole on foot and at night.
2007 In Crolles, Aristide-Bergs Street is renamed Fernand Petzl Street.
The company has 280 employees in France.

262
2008 Implementation of the LEAN manufacturing process starts. Inauguration of the V.axess training
and testing center in Crolles. The ULTRA headlamp hits the shelves.
2009 Arrival of new General Manager Romain Lcot. Petzl opens a factory in Malaysia
(Petzl Manufacturing Malaysia), managed by Gilles Waeldin, to make harnesses.
The SEQUOIA harness and dual handled ASCENTREE rope clamp are developed for arborists.
2010 The company has 354 employees in France. Revenues reach 90million euros,
80% which is earned outside of France (distribution in 51 countries). Launch of the first
headlamp specifically designed for professionals, the PIXA, and the RIG descender.
2011 A Petzl lanyard user has an accident on the Bastille via ferrata in Grenoble;
recall of the 100,000 SCORPIO lanyards sold worldwide. Inauguration of a new office building
in Crolles for research and development. The new ANGE ultra-light carabiner hits shelves.
2012 A new logistics platform is built in Crolles. The first Petzl RopeTrip in Crolles specifically for
professionals takes place in Crolles. Release of the NAO headlamp.

263
 I LLU STR ATI ONS AN D P H OT O S |

FOREWORD
10: Pierre Witt.

PrEface
14: Bob Carmichael.

PROLOGUE
18: Serge Caillault 20: Coll. FFME 21: Fernand Petzl.

CHAPTERI
Destination 1,000

The drawings and sketches in this chapter were obtained from the book Escalades souterraines
(Subterranean climbers), by Pierre Chevalier, and published in 1982 by Laffitte Reprints Marseille,
a reprint of the Paris 1948 edition.

24: Joseph Berger 25: Al Mendrea (DR*) 26, 30b: Coll. Anne-Marie Faidy 27, 29, 30h: Coll.
Pierre Petzl 28h: Coll. Mairie de Seyssinet-Pariset 28b: Pierre Pique (DR*) 31h: A. Jousse/Jura
Splo 31b: Coll. Petzl 32, 35, 38: Pierre Chevalier (DR*) 34: Coll. GHM (DR*) 36, 39:
Coll. Petzl/Pierre Chevalier 37: Coll. Pierre Petzl 41, 44, 47: Coll. Pierre Petzl 42, 43, 45b:
Coll. Pierre Petzl/Joseph Berger 43-5: Coll. Petzl (DR*) 45h: Coll. Petzl (DR*).

CHAPTER II
Vertical craftsmen

50, 51, 52h, 53h: Coll. Pierre Petzl 52b: Coll. Petzl 53b: Coll. France Rocourt 54h: Jean-Claude
Dobrilla/Coll. Georges Marbach 55h, 59: Coll. Pierre Petzl 55b: Coll. Bruno Dressler 57b: Coll.
Jean Afanasieff 58, 60: Coll. Petzl.

264
CHAPTERIII
Rocks in stock

66, 80, 81: Philippe Royer 67, 68, 69, 70b, 71: Coll. Petzl 70h: Coll. FFME 73: Coll. Jean-Louis
Rocourt 74: Coll. Jacques Lancelon 75b: Coll. Bruno Lambert 77, 78, 82, 85, 93: Coll. Petzl
80, 81: Philippe Royer 84h: Coll. Maurice Reibex (DR*) 84b: Coll. Anne Gry 86h: Coll. Petzl/
Debbie Binks 86b: Philippe Poulet 91: Arnaud Childeric.

CHAPTER IV
Working high above ground

96: Philippe Poulet 97, 100, 102, 103, 104, 109: Coll. Petzl 98: Coll. Marc Galy 106: Yves
Marchand/Coll. Petzl 107: Coll. Yves Marchand 110: Coll. Jean-Franck Charlet 111: Boris
Dufour/Coll. Petzl.

CHAPTERV
Behind the scenes

114, 115, 116, 120h, 125, 128: Coll. Petzl 119: Alexandre Buisse 120b: Gilbert Bohec 21, 124:
Arnaud Childeric 122, 123: Laurent de la Fouchardire/Coll. Petzl 130, 131: Coll. Paul Petzl.

CHAPTERVI
North faces

134: Monica Dalmasso 135, 138h: Coll. Petzl 136, 138b, 139, 140, 141: Arnaud Childeric
137: Claude Gardien 142: Pascal Tournaire 146: Jean-Franois Hagenmuller 147: Marie Guiguet
148: Guillaume Vallot 149: Tony Lamiche 151: Nico Fabri.

CHAPTERVII
Emergencies and rescues

154: David Rastouil 156h: (DR*) 156b, 160: Coll. George Grammas 157: Coll. Petzl
158, 159, 163: Coll. Petzl /John Evans 162, 167: Stephan Denys 165, 170b: Arnaud Childeric
166: Guillaume Drouault 170h: Coll. Petzl/Laurent de la Fouchardire 171: Rmy Graudet.

265
 CHAPTERVIII
Sleepless nights

174: Arnaud Childeric 175, 176, 185: Coll. Petzl/Laurent de la Fouchardire 178: Christophe
Levilain 179: Pascal Tournaire 180: Coll. Petzl 181h: Arnaud Childeric 184: Thomas Vialletet
187: Coll. Mike Horn 188: Franck Huster/Rope Works 190h: Coll. Petzl /Erwan Le Lann
190b: Coll. Petzl/Herv Bodeau 191: Monica Dalmasso.

CHAPTERIX
Rocks in stock, part 2

194, 196, 198: Sam Bi 195: Tony Lamiche 196-6: Laurent de la Fouchardire/Coll. Petzl
199h: Stephan Denys 202h: Arnaud Childeric 202b: Coll. Petzl 205: Bernardo Gimenez
206: Thomas Vialletet 208: Jocelyn Chavy.

CHAPTERX
Base camp

214, 215, 217h, 218: Arnaud Childeric 216: Coll. Petzl 217c/b, 223: Coll. Petzl/Valrie Lalliot
220: Monica Dalmasso 221, 224: Coll. Petzl Foundation/Stphane Lozachmeur 222: Coll. Petzl
Foundation 225: Coll. Petzl Foundation/Philippe Descamps 226: Jean-Franois Hagenmuler.

Epilogue
230: Serge Caillault 232: Pierre Witt.

*
All rights reserved. In accordance with intellectual property laws, we conducted all research for copyright holders.
For all those who may not have been contacted, please accept our most sincere apologies and contact the publisher
immediately. All unaccredited photos belong to the public domain.

266
biblio g r a phy |

CHEVALIER (Pierre), Escalades souterraines, douze ans dans le gouffre le plus profond du monde
(Subterranean climbers, twelve years in the deepest cave in the world). Laffite Reprints,
1982 (reprint of the 1948 edition).
CADOUX (Jean), LAVIGNE (Jean), MATHIEU (Go) and POTIE (LOUIS), Opration -1000.
Arthaud, 1955.
MARRY (Georges), Gouffre Berger, premier -1000, published by the author, 1977.
CORDIER (Patrick), Les 100 plus belles courses et randonnes, Les Pralpes du Sud (The hundred finest routes
of the Southern Prealps). Denol, 1981.
DAMILANO (Franois), AMY (Bernard) and KOSICKI (Grard), Chemin de gel (Frozen Path). Glnat, 1989.
HILL (Lynn), Ma vie la verticale (My life in the Vertical World). Gurin, 2002.
FRISON-ROCHE (Roger) and JOUTY (Sylvain), Histoire de lalpinisme (The history of mountaineering).
Arthaud, 2003.
VAUCHER (Bernard), Les Fous du Verdon (The Crazy Climbers of the Verdon Gorge). Gurin, 2008.
DE FELIX (Franois), LANDRY (Franois), LARRIBE (Thierry) and ROCOURT (France),
Splo Secours Isre, 1970-2010: 40 ans de secours souterrain (Caving Rescue in the Isre area,
1970-2010: 40 years of underground rescues). Comit dpartemental de splologie de lIsre, 2010.
PEYSSON (Yves), Innovations scientifiques et volution des pratiques de montagne (Scientific innovations and
changes in mountaineering techniques). Club Alpin Franais, 2010.
BLANC-GRAS (Jrme) and IBARRA (Manu), Glaces: arts, expriences et techniques (Ice: art, experience
and techniques). Blue Ice, 2011.
SCHUT (Pierre-Olaf), Progresser en milieu difficile, lentreprise Petzl Crolles (Moving through hazardous
environments, the Petzl company in Crolles). Universit Paris-Est, Marne-la-Valle, 2011.
WALCH (Jean-Paul), Guide technique et historique de lalpinisme (The technical and historical guide for
mountaineering). Gurin, 2012.

267
 sp ecia l tha n k s |

I would like to pay homage:

To my father, who instilled in me the values and desire to be an entrepreneur,
To my mother, who showered us with love and gave us the desire to serve,
To Catherine, without whom Petzl would not be the company it is today, and who ensured our childrens
education,
To our children, Sebastien and Olivier, who inspire me most.
To Pierre, who had faith in me,
To my entire family, who always supported and protected me,
To all of our collaborators and suppliers who are behind the scenes, designing, working, and participating,
To all of our customers who provide us with the opportunity to continue this adventure.
I would like to especially thank Sophie Cuenot and Herv Bodeau who were able to put together this story
from the key dates and events of our history, as well as Editions Gurin with whom we shared this project.

Paul Petzl

The authors would like to thank:

For their testimonials, the documents that they made available, and for taking the time to fact check:
Blaise Agresti, Anne-Marie Alle, Bernard Amy, Aljaz Anderle, Chantal Astolfi, Florence Aurori, Franck
Benet, Odette Berger, Chris Blakeley, Philippe Bonheme, Boris Bouffay, Bernard Bressoux, Alexandre
Bronnaz, Serge Caillault, Nina Caprez, Dominique Carrasco, Franois Carrel, Stphanie Chancelade, Jean-
Franck Charlet, Christophe Chedal-Anglay, Franois Damilano, Philippe Descamps, Catherine Devidal,
Bruno Dressler, Yves Exbrayat, Anne-Marie Faidy, Jean-Pierre Felix, Marc Galy, Georges Garby, Marlne
Garnier, Benot Gazagnes, Anne Gry, Michel Goulet, George Grammas, Antoine Haincourt, Jean-Franois
Heck, Jean-Marc Hd, Pascale Henninot, Lynn Hill, Grard Kosicki, Laurent de la Fouchardire, Valrie

268
Lalliot, Bruno Lambert, Jacques and Dany Lancelon, Didier Lavigne, Jean Lavigne, Romain Lcot, Erwan
Le Lann, Franois Lemarchand, Stphane LozacHmeur, Jeannine Lunnetta, Patrick Magnier, Chantal
Manificat, Georges Marbach, Dominique Marchal, Yves Marchand, Olivier Math, Alain Maurice, Bernard
Millot, Toni Nubiola, Jorg et Fritzi Obendorf, Robert Paragot, Jean-Paul Paris, Arnaud Petit, Catherine Petzl,
Olivier Petzl, Christophe Petzl, Pierre Petzl, Damien Piat, Philippe Plantier, Peter Popall, Didier Raboutou,
Roody Rasmussen, Christophe Raylat, Jacques-Yves de Rorthays, Matthieu Richard, Jean-Louis Rocourt, Loc
Souillet, Ueli Steck, Michel Suhubiette, Catherine Tratchenberg, Jean Troillet, Patrick Werl and of course
Paul Petzl for the countless days he was willing to spend with them.

For their memory and their invaluable help in making this project a reality:
The Petzl Studio team: Guillaume Broust, Pascale Henninot, Valrie Lalliot, Thomas Marchand, Christelle
Salabert, Boris Stephan. A special thanks to Alain Pernelet for his work and assistance in classifying and finding
all of the photos. Not to mention the company newsletter, Le Maillon, a vast source of information.
Madeleine Baumgardt and Benjamin de Vulpillires for transcribing the interviews; Darin Reisman, Benjamin
de Vulpillires, Sylvia Ozbalt, Eric Wynn, Pascale Henninot for the translation; Genevive Cadot for
proofreading, Catherine Devidal for her availability and her efficiency.

For their advice and meticulous proofreading while the book was being written:
Boris Bouffay, Serge Caillault, Catherine Cuenot, Franois Damilano, Laurent de la Fouchardire, Philippe
Descamps, Simon Hotte Esq., Romain Lcot, Erwan Le Lann, Sylvie Marcacci, Alain Maurice, Peter Popall,
Jean-Louis Rocourt, Michel Suhubiette.

All of the photographers that allowed us to use their photos, an integral part of Petzls history.

269
ta bl e o f c o ntents |

Foreword 9
Preface 13
Prologue 17
chapter I Destination 1,000 23
chapter II Vertical craftsmen 49
chapter III Rocks in stock 65
chapter IV Working high above ground 95
chapter V Behind the scenes 113
chapter VI North faces 133
chapter VII Emergencies and rescues 153
chapter VIII Sleepless nights 173
chapter IX Rocks in stock, part 2 193
chapter X Base camp 213
Epilogue 229
Portfolio 235
Appendix 257
Timeline 259
Picture research: Herv Bodeau and Thomas Marchand.
Page layout: Stphanie Thizy and Thomas Marchand.

Printed in January 2013

by Ermes Graphics printing in Turin, Italy.

Legal deposit: January 2013

ISBN: 978-2-35221-070-2
 Sophie Cuenot - Herv Bodeau

The history of mountains is filled with the names and feats of champions who
have excelled in the vertical world. However, the tools that help pave the way for
their triumphs are rarely, if ever, mentioned. Yet their design and improvement
over the course of this history has contributed to the success of increasingly bold
adventures, and to the development of a wide variety of mountain activities.

from the deep: the petzl adventure

For over forty years, Petzl and its founders have served this movement. Through
its caving heritage, in which Fernand Petzl played a major role, the manufacturer
has and continues to explore all facets of the mountains rock, snow, ice,
nighttime in addition to the complex world of mountain rescue and work
at height. From headlamps to the Grigri belay device, by way of alpine touring
bindings, harnesses, and ice axes, Petzls history is filled with inventions that
improve access, day and night, to countless types of terrain. Written like a novel,
this history also chronicles the saga of a family that started from nothing to build
a world-renowned brand.

Sophie Cuenot is a journalist who writes about the mountains; she and Robert Paragot co-authored
Paris Camp de Base, published by Gurin ditions. Herv Bodeau has worked in communications for
Petzl since 2002. From the deep: the Petzl adventure

35
ISBN: 978-2-35221-070-2

ditions
9 782352 210702 Gurin ditions Gurin