N-Series User Guide

N-Series
Automatic Circuit Recloser
Technical Manual
Version 28
Notices
Scope of this Manual

This document describes the features and Recloser (ACR), including the installation and
operation of the N-Series Automatic Circuit maintenance procedures.
Limitations
This document is copyright and is provided solely party, nor to be used as the basis of a tender or
for the use of the purchaser. It is not to be copied specification without the express written
in any way, nor its contents divulged to any third permission of the manufacturer.
Disclaimer
The advisory procedures and information Consequently, this Technical Manual is offered as
contained within this Technical Manual have been a guide only. It should be used in conjunction with
compiled as a guide to the safe and effective the customers own safety procedures,
operation of products supplied by Nu-Lec maintenance program, engineering judgement
Industries Pty Ltd. and training qualifications.
It has been prepared in conjunction with No responsibility, either direct or consequential, for
references from sub-assembly suppliers and the injury or equipment failure can be accepted by Nu-
collective experience of the manufacturer. Lec Industries Pty Ltd resulting from the use of this
Technical Manual.
In-service conditions for use of the products may
vary between customers and end-users.
Copyright
2005 by Nu-Lec Industries Pty Ltd. any form or by any means without the written
permission of the manufacturer.
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of these
documents may be reproduced or transmitted in
Revision Record
Manual No. Level Date
NSR01-1029 R0.00
R1.00
iii
N-Series
iv
Technical Manual
CONTENTS
1 Introduction ................................................... 1 Current Injection Point .......................................... 23
Version 28 Features ................................................1 Computer Port....................................................... 23
2 Scope of this Technical Manual .................. 3 6 Control Electronics Operation .................. 25
General ....................................................................3 Control & Protection.............................................. 25
Equipment Versions Covered by this Manual..........3 Operator Panel Subsystem (OPS)........................ 25
Controller Version Covered by this Manual .............3 Control Cable Entry Module (CCEM).................... 25
Software Identification System ................................3 CAPM Operation................................................... 25
Software Version Covered by this Manual...............4 General Overview .........................................................25
Related Documents .................................................4 Normal Operations........................................................26
Safety Advice Concerning Isolation .........................4 7 Operator Control Panel .............................. 29
3 Technical Data............................................... 5 Description ............................................................ 29
Circuit Breaker .........................................................5 Organisation of Liquid Crystal Display .................. 30
Basic Timings..................................................................5 Turning on the Control Panel ................................ 30
Fast Trip Input Module Timings (CAPM 5 Only) .............5 Selecting Displays................................................. 30
Ratings ............................................................................5 Using the MENU, SELECT and ARROW Keys .... 31
Breaking Duty..................................................................7 Display Groups ..................................................... 31
Bushing Boots .................................................................7 System Status...............................................................31
HV Cables .......................................................................7 Event Log......................................................................31
Current Transformers......................................................8 Measurement ................................................................31
Environmental .................................................................8 Protection......................................................................31
Control Cubicle ........................................................8 Configurable Quick Keys (Version 28).................. 31
General Specifications ....................................................8 Quick Key Selection.............................................. 32
Protection and Auto Reclose functions....................9 Operation of the Quick Key...........................................32
Inverse Time Protection ..................................................9 Password Protection ............................................. 32
Definite Time Protection................................................10 Languages ............................................................ 32
Instantaneous Protection ..............................................10 Main Display Groups............................................. 33
Sensitive Earth Fault Protection (SEF) .........................10
Measurement Group ............................................. 33
Cold Load Pickup ..........................................................11
Protection Group................................................... 34
Inrush Restraint.............................................................11
Loss of Phase Protection ..............................................11 System Status Group............................................ 34
Under and Over Frequency Protection (CAPM 5 only) .11 8 Work Tags and Controller Mode ............... 35
Under and Over Voltage Protection ..............................12 Definition of Local or Remote User ....................... 35
Live Load Blocking ........................................................12 Local/Remote/Hit and Run Mode.......................... 35
High Current Lockout ....................................................12 Local Mode ...................................................................35
Automatic Protection Group selection...........................12 Remote Mode ...............................................................35
Auto - Reclose...............................................................12 Hit and Run ........................................................... 35
Directional Blocking.......................................................13 Work Tagging........................................................ 36
Loss of Supply Detection ..............................................13 Work Tag Mode Protection Settings ..................... 37
Other Protection Features.............................................14 9 Protection.................................................... 39
Power System measurements...............................14 Overview ............................................................... 39
Demand History .....................................................15 Trip Flags .............................................................. 39
SF6 Gas Pressure Measurement ..........................15 Trip Flag Display Page..................................................39
Equipment and Crating Dimensions ......................15 Resetting theTrip Flags.................................................40
4 Construction and Operation ...................... 17 Operator Settings.................................................. 40
Circuit Breaker Overview .......................................17 Protection OFF and Pickup Flags ......................... 40
Safety.....................................................................17 Sensitive Earth Fault Control ................................ 41
SF6 Pressure Sensing...........................................17 Negative Phase Sequence Protection .................. 41
Circuit Breaker Memory .........................................17 NPS Protection Operation..................................... 42
Contact Life............................................................18 Earth Fault Control................................................ 42
5 Control Cubicle ........................................... 21 Protection Settings and Protection Groups........... 42
Connection between Cubicle and Circuit Breaker .21 Changing Protection Settings ............................... 42
Tropical, Moderate and Temperate Versions ........21 Group Copy...................................................................43
Equipment Panel ...................................................21 Inverse Time Protection ........................................ 44
Sealing & Condensation ........................................21 Protection Curves .........................................................46
Mounting & Earthing ..............................................22 User Defined Curves.....................................................46
Radio Mounting Tray Space ..................................22 Interactions between curve parameters........................47
Auxiliary Power Source..........................................22 Definite Time Protection........................................ 49
Auxiliary Supply Control Cubicle Options ..............22 Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) .................................. 49
Cable Entry ............................................................22 Loss Of Phase Protection ..................................... 49
v
N-Series
Under and Over Freq Protection (CAPM 5 only) ...49 Determination of Supply Outage ........................... 75
Frequency Measurement .............................................. 49 Configuration and Display ..................................... 75
Under/Over Frequency Tripping ................................... 50 Resetting the Counters and Timers ...................... 76
Normal Frequency Close .............................................. 50 Event Record ........................................................ 76
Configuration ................................................................ 51 13 Loop Automation ...................................... 79
Under and Over Voltage Protection .......................52
14 Generator Control ..................................... 81
Measurement ................................................................ 52
Protection...................................................................... 52 Operation .............................................................. 81
Tripping ......................................................................... 53 Configuration and Display ..................................... 81
Normal Voltage ............................................................. 54 15 Communications Interfaces ..................... 83
Settings Change ........................................................... 54 V23 Interface......................................................... 83
Excess Voltage Protection Sequences ......................... 54 RS232 Interface .................................................... 84
Voltage Protection Recovery Timeout .......................... 54 P9 Configurable Baud Rate .................................. 84
Single Sided CVT Switchgear....................................... 55 Operation ...................................................................... 84
Configuration ................................................................ 55 Radio/Modem Power ............................................ 85
Live Load Blocking.................................................58 Connections Into Electronics Compartment.......... 85
Auto-Reclose .........................................................58 16 Input Output Expander Card .................... 87
Sequence Reset ....................................................59 Field Excitation...................................................... 87
Lockout Conditions ................................................59 IOEX as Local/Remote User ................................. 87
High Current Lockout .................................................... 59
IOEX Status Page................................................. 87
Low Gas Lockout .......................................................... 59
Inputs - Standard Mapping.................................... 88
Dead Lockout................................................................ 59
Single Shot Mode ..................................................60 Outputs - Standard Mapping ................................. 89
Single Shot Timer ......................................................... 60 System Healthy Indicator ...................................... 89
Inrush Restraint .....................................................60 Power Consumption.............................................. 89
Cold Load Pickup (CLP) ........................................61 Configurable IOEX ................................................ 89
Cold Load Pickup Example........................................... 62 Scope............................................................................ 90
Cold Load Pickup Status Display.................................. 62 Overview....................................................................... 90
Operator Control of Cold Load Pickup .......................... 62 17 Accessories ............................................... 91
Sequence Control ..................................................63 Test and Training Set (TTS) ................................. 91
Automatic Protection Group Selection ...................63 Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) 91
Enabling Automatic Selection ....................................... 63 Electronics Compartment Computer Port (P9) ............. 91
Disabling Automatic Selection ...................................... 63 Telemetry Port (P8) ...................................................... 91
Selection Rules ............................................................. 63 Outline of Operation...................................................... 92
Fail to Operate Under Protection ...........................64 Manual Operation Set ........................................... 92
Directional Protection.............................................64 Remote Control Panel........................................... 92
Determining Direction ................................................... 64 Secondary Voltage Injection Interface Set............ 92
Protection Groups......................................................... 64 Fast Trip Input Module .......................................... 92
Directional Blocking ...............................................65 18 Installation ................................................. 93
Characteristic Angle...................................................... 65 Unpacking & Checking.......................................... 93
Phase Directional Blocking ........................................... 66 Contents of Crate.......................................................... 93
Earth/SEF Directional Blocking..................................... 66 Unpacking Procedure ................................................... 93
SEF Zero SequenceVoltage Alarm............................... 67 Control Cable Connection............................................. 93
Event Record ................................................................ 67 Testing & Configuring ................................................... 94
Configuration pages...................................................... 68 Transport to Site ........................................................... 94
Parameters to be Configured........................................ 68 Site Installation...................................................... 95
Turning Directional Blocking On/Off ............................. 68 Tools Required ............................................................. 95
10 Event Log .................................................. 69 Parts Required (Not supplied by the manufacturer) ..... 95
Display Updating....................................................69 Site Procedure .............................................................. 95
Protection Generated Events.................................69 Cable Tail Connections................................................. 96
Loss of Supply Events ...........................................69 Surge Arrester Mounting and Terminating.................... 96
Typical Event Log Displays....................................70 Protection of Radio Equipment ..................................... 97
11 Power System Measurements................. 71 IOEX Cabling ................................................................ 97
Recloser Earthing ......................................................... 98
Power System Frequency......................................71
LV Auxiliary Power from Mains..................................... 98
Switchgear Terminal Designation ..........................71 LV Auxiliary Power from Dedicated Utility Transformer 98
Power Flow Direction .............................................71 Auxiliary Power from Integrated Transformer ............... 99
Real Time Displays ................................................72 Transformer Switching .......................................... 99
Maximum Demand Data Displays .........................72 19 Maintenance ............................................ 105
Monthly Maximum......................................................... 72
Circuit Breaker Maintenance............................... 105
Weekly Maximum ......................................................... 73
Circuit Breaker SF6 Recharging ................................. 105
Average Demand Data Displays - Default .............73 Control Cubicle Maintenance .............................. 105
Average Demand - Default ........................................... 73
Control Cubicle Cleaning ............................................ 105
Average Demand - Configurable .................................. 73
Battery Replacement .................................................. 106
12 Supply Outage Measurement .................. 75 Protection and Operation Check................................. 106
vi
Technical Manual
CONTENTS
Door Seal ....................................................................106 NPS Single Shot Protection Trip......................... 133
Battery Care.........................................................106 NPS Work Tag Protection Trip............................ 134
Fault Finding .......................................................106 Appendix F Measurement Pages ................ 135
Control Cable Check ...................................................107 Instantaneous Demand....................................... 135
Circuit Breaker Check .................................................107 System Measurements ....................................... 135
Control Cubicle Check ................................................107
Source Side Voltages ......................................... 135
Replacement of Electronic Modules ....................108
Load Side Voltages............................................. 135
Replacement of Cables .......................................108
Supply Outages .................................................. 136
Fitting or Replacing Heater .................................108
Monthly Maximum Demand ................................ 136
Abnormal Operating Conditions...........................108
Weekly Maximum Demand ................................. 136
Low Power Mode ........................................................108
Average Demand ................................................ 136
Excess Close Operations............................................108
Appendix A IEC255 Inv Time Prot Tables... 109 Appendix G List of Events........................... 137
Appendix B IEEE Inv Time Prot Tables....... 111 Appendix H Replaceable Parts & Tools ..... 143
Appendix C Non-Std Inv Time Prot Curves 113 Appendix I Control Cubicle Schematics .... 145
Appendix D System Status Pages............... 123 Appendix J Dimensions............................... 155
Circuit Breaker .................................................... 155
Fault Flags ...........................................................123
N15/N27 Pole Mounting Bracket......................... 155
Trip Flags.............................................................123
N38 Pole Mounting Bracket ................................ 156
Pickup Flags ........................................................123
Adjustable Substation Mounting Bracket ............ 156
Operator Settings 1..............................................124
Radio Tray Mounting Space ............................... 157
Operator settings 2 ..............................................124
PTCC .................................................................. 157
Switchgear Status................................................124
Live/Dead Indication ............................................125 Appendix K Silicone Grease Hazard Data.. 159
Phase Voltage and Power Flow...........................125
Switchgear Terminal Designation ........................125
Radio and Time Set .............................................125
Switchgear Type and Ratings..............................125
Switchgear Wear/General Details........................126
Capability .............................................................126
Options 1 .............................................................126
Options 2 .............................................................126
Options 3 .............................................................126
Quick Key selection .............................................127
WSOS Port P8 Comms .......................................127
WSOS Port P9 Comms .......................................127
IOEX Status .........................................................127
Hit and Run..........................................................127
Appendix E Protection Pages...................... 129
Protection Setting 1 (A-J).....................................129
Directional Blocking 1 ..........................................130
Under/Over Frequency Protection 1 ....................131
Under/Over Frequency Protection 2 ....................131
Under/Over Voltage Protection 1A ......................131
Phase Protection Trip ..........................................132
Phase Single Shot Protection Trip.......................132
Phase Work Tag Protection Trip..........................132
Earth Protection Trip............................................132
Earth Single Shot Protection Trip ........................133
Earth Work Tag Protection Trip ...........................133
NPS Protection Trip .............................................133
vii
N-Series
viii
Introduction
1 Introduction
The N-Series Automatic Circuit Recloser (ACR) is Control electronics are housed in a stainless steel
a state-of-the-art electronically controlled outdoor, control cubicle designed for harsh environmental
pole mounted, three phase recloser. conditions. An all-weather user-friendly control
panel is provided for a local operator.
The pole top circuit breaker is one of the
manufacturers family of outdoor circuit breakers Remote monitoring and control can also be
optimised for remote control and automation provided without the addition of a Remote
schemes. Terminal Unit (RTU).
Vacuum interrupters, insulated by SF6 gas In this manual, controller events are identified in
enclosed in a sealed-for-life stainless steel tank, the text by using single quotes.
provide for a long low-maintenance service life. A Contents of the Operator Control Panel display
fully insulated cabling system, integral surge pages are shown as:
arrester mounting brackets and a versatile pole Display Group - Page Title:Text
hanging arrangement all contribute to quick, low
cost installation. Operation is by solenoids that do The control panel is illustrated in Figure 4
not rely on the presence of High Voltage Supply. (page 29).
Version 28 Version 28 software provides the following new See Section 9 (page 39)
Features features for the N-Series ACR:
Alarm and trip options for Loss of Phase
Operator configurable Quick Keys. See Protection. See Section 9 (page 39)
Section 7 (page 29)
600 baud option for communications port P8.
Hit and Run - provides a time delay between a
local operator control Trip or Close, and when User - configurable DNP mapping.
the recloser operates. See Section 8 (page 35) External Trip Flags - indicates external trips
Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Protection caused by the activation of the Fast Trip Input
which allows: Module (FTIM) or an IOEX input. See Section
Reliable detection of low level phase to phase 9 (page 39)
faults in the presence of load current. Port P9 Configurable Baud Rate - provides the
Detection of downed conductors in areas of ability to manually configure the baud rate of
high ground resistivity. the CAPM serial port designated as P9. See
Detection of open circuit conductors. Section 15 (page 85)
1
N-Series
2
Scope of this Technical Manual
2 Scope of this Technical Manual

General This Technical Manual details the specification of Inevitably, not all details of equipment are provided
the N-Series Circuit Breaker (Recloser), its nor are instructions for every variation or
operation, installation and maintenance. contingency during installation, operation or
maintenance. For additional information on
Whilst every care has been taken in preparation of specific problems or requirements, please contact
this manual, no responsibility is taken for loss or the manufacturer or your distributor.
damage incurred by the purchaser or user due to
any error or omission in the document.
Equipment This manual applies to the following equipment:

Versions
Covered by
this Manual Pole Top Circuit Breaker - Models: N15-12 N15-15 N27-125
N27-150 N38-27 N38-12.5
N38-170 N38-16
Pole Top Control Cubicle - Models: PTCC-TEM PTCC-MOD PTCC-TRO
If the recloser is supplied with a 1 Amp SEF If your equipment does not correspond to these
option, the suffix S will be added to the model numbers then this manual is not applicable.
code, e.g. N15-12S. Please contact the manufacturer or your local
distributor.
The model numbers are shown on the equipment
rating plates.
Controller The Control and Protection Module (CAPM) is (page 7-29). If it does not show either CAPM 4 or
Version explained in Section 6 (page 6-25) CAPM 5 then this manual does not apply and
Covered by you should contact the manufacturer or your local
this Manual This manual applies to both the CAPM 4 and distributor for advice on obtaining the correct
CAPM 5 based controllers. manual required.
When the Operator Control Panel is turned on the

display will show the controller type. See Section 7
Software The software loaded into the controller has two it is impossible for our customer service
Identification important identifiers: department to identify the software and provide
System The Software Version which has the form correct support.
XXX-XX.XX. This identifies the exact The software version and the configuration
software loaded into the program memory on number are both shown on the Operator Control
the controller. Panel page:
The Configuration Number which has the form
SYSTEM STATUS-SWITCHGEAR WEAR/GENERAL
2XXXX. This identifies the configuration DETAILS
loaded into the database which then controls

what the software will do. For example, See Section 7 (page 7-29) to find out how to use
whether the operator text displays are to be in the Operator Control Panel.
English or another language.1
A typical example of software version and
In order to obtain effective technical support from configuration would be:
the manufacturer or your distributor it is vital to
record the software version and the configuration Software S28-01.00
number of your equipment and to quote these
when making your inquiry. Without this information Configuration 21186
1. In order to change functionality of the equipment it is sometimes necessary to change the software, sometimes the
configuration and sometimes both.
3
N-Series
Software The electronic controller incorporates a Having found this page press SELECT and use
Version microprocessor. The microprocessor software can the arrow keys to view the capability list.
Covered by be configured for different capabilities such as
Loop Automation, a variety of protocols, etc. This This manual applies if the capability declarations in
this Manual the screen below are shown.
is called its Software Capability.
The software version and configuration determine - - - - - - - CAPABILITY - - - - - - S
the functionality of the controller. See Section 3 N Recloser(Intl) ManualNSR01-10**
WSOS P9 Local ManualN00-218R05+
(page 3-5). WSOS P8 Remote ManualN00-218R05+
To find out if this manual applies to the software/
configuration loaded in the controller it is
If the screen does not appear as the above contact
necessary to display the Software Capability list on
the manufacturer or your distributor.
the Operator Control Panel found on:
SYSTEM STATUS-CAPABILITY
The manual revision is usually stated e.g. R02+
which means revision number 2 or later of the
See Section 7 (page 7-29) for instructions on manual. Check Manual part number on the back
using the Operator Control Panel. cover of the publication.
Related Technical Manuals for the following products are Workshop & Field Test Procedures A set of
Documents also available: instructions on how to test the circuit breaker,
Windows Switchgear Operating System Manual Nos N00-509 and N00-548.
(WSOS) Used to configure the switchgear Service Procedures A set of instructions on
from a Personal Computer. how to remove and replace the controller
Test and Training Set (TTS) Used to test electronics.
control cubicles.
Specific Telemetry Protocol Implementations - For further information on these products and
For communications to remote control manuals refer to the manufacturer or your local
systems. distributor.
Safety Advice The N-Series product is a reclosing circuit-breaker, Consequently a user must use conventional
Concerning not an isolator. Because it uses vacuum means to prove the load side of the product is
Isolation interrupters the product does not have isolating dead before coming within the safe operating
properties when in the open position. distance from the product.
4
Technical Data
3 Technical Data
This section is the specification of the Recloser. Note that where timing, current, voltage or other
For a complete understanding it is essential to also measurement accuracy is given it is as a
read the other sections of the manual describing percentage of value unless otherwise stated.
the equipment operation.
Circuit Breaker
Basic Timings
time Recloser
Contact Close from energisation of close coila < 100ms
Opening Timea. < 50ms
Interrupting Timea. < 60ms
Fault Clearing Time on Instantaneous protection for fault > 4 x Setting Currenta. < 80ms
Time to contact part from receipt of trip command by operator, telemetry <150ms
protocol or IOEX
Time to contact touch from receipt of close command by operator, telemetry <150ms
protocol or IOEX
a. The precise definition of these times is given in ANSI C37.60.
Fast Trip Input

Module Timings
(CAPM 5 Only) Time until energisation of trip coil from receiving stable signal on input 16ms
On state voltage 18-150V AC/DC
On state current 10mA
Off state voltage <3V AC/DC
Ratings
Rated Voltage
N15 15.5kV
N27 27kV
N38 38kV
Rated Continuous Currenta 800 Amp
Emergency Load Current - carrying capability (8 Hours)
N15 850 Amp
N27 850 Amp
N38 - 630 Amp 850 Amp
N38 - 800 amp 850 Amp
Rated Frequency 50/60 Hz
Rated Load Breaking Currenta. 630 Amp
Rated Cable Charging Breaking Current (N15 and N27) 25 Amp
Rated Cable Charging Breaking Current (N38) 40 Amp
Rated Single Capacitor Bank Breaking Current 250 Amp
Rated No-Load Transformer Breaking Current 22 Amp
5
N-Series
Rated Symmetrical Interrupting Current 12.5 kA
Rated Asymmetrical Short-circuit Making Current (peak) 31.5kA
Rated Symmetrical Making Current (rms) 12.5kA
Rated Short-time Withstand Current (rms) 12.5kA
Rated Duration of Short-circuit 3 sec
Rated Peak Withstand Current (peak) 31.5kA
Short Time Current Recovery Time 180 sec
Impulse Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter
N15 110kV
N27 - 125kV option 125kV
Impulse Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter when SF6 70kV

replaced by dry air
Power Freq Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter
N15 50kV
N27 60kV
N38 70kV
Closing Mechanism Solenoid
Opening Mechanismb Spring
D.C. Resistance Bushing/Bushing N15/N27 <100 micro Ohm
D.C. Resistance Bushing/Bushing N38 <140 micro Ohm
Tank Construction Welded Stainless Steel
Insulating Medium SF6 Gas
SF6 Operating Gas Pressure at 20C at sea level 10 to 35kPa Gauge
Maintenance Intervalc 5 Years
Earthingd 12mm stud provided
Applicable Standards
N15 and N27 IEC 62271-100

ANSI C37.60
N38 IEC 60694

ANSI C37.60
a. An 800 Amp, 16kA for 3 secs, 40kA peak rated device is also available.
b. The opening mechanism is operated either by solenoid or manual lever.
c. In heavily polluted environments regular checking/cleaning of insulators should be carried out as required.
d. Earthing details in "Recloser Earthing" (page 100) must be strictly adhered to.
6
Technical Data
Breaking Duty The duty limits of the circuit breaker are shown in The remaining contact life is shown on the
the table below. operator control panel. See "Contact Life"
Circuit Breaker is rated for ANSI C37.60 duty (page 18) for more detail.
cycle.Contact wear is automatically calculated for
each interrupter by the control cubicle on the basis
of fault current and mechanical operations.
Circuit Mechanical Contact Wear

Breaker Model Operationsa
Rated Loada. 6 kA Fault 12.5 kA Fault 16 kA Fault
N15 10,000 10,000 1,000 100 N/A
N27 10,000 10,000 1,000 50 N/A
N38 10,000 10,000 1,000 520 500
a. Equipment manufactured before 01 November 1999 is rated for 3 000 operations.
Duty Cycle Maximum allowable duty cycle at full short current Open-2s-Close.
rating: Open-2s-Close.
Open-0.5s-Close. Open followed by 300 second recovery time.
Bushing Boots The circuit breaker is normally supplied with comprise an unscreened insulated system.The
outdoor elastomeric bushing boots. The boots suit characteristics of the boot alone (disregarding the
insulated cable sized 16-32 mm diameter and cable insulation) are detailed in the following table.
N15/N27-Boot Part No: INS020F - Silicone
Taut string phase to earth clearance 400mm
Creepage 777mm
N38-Boot Part No: R01-318 - Silicone
Taut string phase to earth clearance 465mm
Creepage 1100mm
HV Cables Cable is usually provided by the manufacturer pre- only if suitably insulated and watertight cable and
cut and terminated to fit the circuit breaker terminations are used. Contact the manufacturer
bushings and rated to suit the requirements of the or your local or distributor to check cable type for
utility. suitability.
Alternatively cable can be supplied by the utility if
appropriate (e.g. to terminate HV Aerial Bundled Standard cable supplied by the manufacturer is
Cable). The manufacturer warrants the equipment detailed in the following table.
Lug Size - mm2 Stranding Material Rating (Amps)
300 61/2.52 Copper 800
240 19/4.01 Aluminium 630
185 19/3.5 Aluminium 400
80 7/3.75 Aluminium 250
7
N-Series
Current There is no access to current transformer

Transformers connections on the equipment. This data is
supplied for information only.
Ratio 2000:1
Accuracy 10 Amp - 800 Amp 0.5%
Accuracy 800 Amp - 12500 Amp 2.5%
Environmental
Operating Temperaturea -30C to +50C
Operating Humidity 0 to 100%
Operating Solar Radiation 1.1kW/m max
Operating Altitudeb 3000m max
a. Temperature range depends on control cubicle versions.

b. Altitudes above 1000 meters must be de-rated per ANSI C37.60.
Control Cubicle
General
Specifications
Standard control cable lengtha 7m
Maximum vertical separation from circuit breaker with standard control cable. 5m
Maintenance intervalb 5 years
Auxiliary supply voltage (LV AC mains supply) As Ordered +10 -20%
Required auxiliary supply rating 50 VA
Battery 2 x 12V 7.2Ah
Battery hold up time from fully chargedc 5 days
Battery recharge time (new battery to 80% nominal capacity) 10 hours
Battery replacement intervalb. 5 years
Battery Low Voltaged 23V
Battery High Voltaged. 32V
Earthinge 10mm earth stud
Heater power (where fitted) 120W
Radio/Modem
A radio or modem may be fitted by the manufacturer or by the utility, for remote communications. Space,
power and data interfaces are provided within the control cubicle.
Radio/Modem Power Supply Voltage (set by user) 5 - 15V DC
Radio/Modem Power Supply Continuous Current 3A
Radio/Modem Power Supply Max Current 5A for 30 sec with 20%

duty cycle
Radio/Modem Space on Radio Panel See Figure 52

(page 159)
Radio/Modem Interfacef V23 or RS232
8
Technical Data
Radio/Modem Power Shutdown Time 1 - 1440 mins
Timing Accuracy 10 secs
Control Electronics Thermal Restraints
Continuous Primary current 800A
Short time primary current 16kA for 3secs
Short time current recovery time 60 sec
Recloser Operationsg 20 in 1 minute, 1 per

minute thereafter
Local Operator Controls

Local Operator Control is through the Operator Control Panel, refer to later sections.
a. Other control cable lengths available-4and 11meters.

b. Battery replacement interval is influenced by location.
c. Assumes no radio/modem power drain or IOEX card connected. At the end of the holdup period, power is available for
a minimum of 10 recloser operations. When exhausted the battery is disconnected.
d. Temperature compensated at 48mV/C.
e. Earthing details in "Recloser Earthing" (page 100) must be strictly adhered to.
f. See Section 15 (page 85)
g. See "Abnormal Operating Conditions" (page 110)
Protection and Auto Reclose functions

The control electronics have in-built protection and parameters may be set separately for each trip in a
auto-reclose relay functions as below. sequence.
Separate setting currents are available for phase,
NPS, earth fault and sensitive earth fault (SEF). Multiple sets of protection settings are available.
The setting currents apply to all trips in a See Section 9 (page 39) for a full description of
sequence. However curves, multipliers and other protection functions.
Inverse Time
Protection
Inverse Time Curves available Refer Appendix A. B and
C.
Phase Setting Current Range 10 to 1260 Amps
Earth Setting Current Range 10 to 1260 Amps
Setting Current Resolution 1 Amp
Setting Current Accuracya 5%
Maximum Current for which curve applies 12.5 kA
Maximum Setting Current Multiple for which curve applies x30
Time Multiplier 0.05 - 2
Time Multiplier Resolution 0.01
Maximum Time to Tripb 2 - 180 secs
Maximum Time to Trip Setting Resolution 0.1 sec
Minimum Time to Tripb. 0 - 2 sec
Minimum Time to Trip Setting Resolution 0.01 secs
Additional Time to Tripc 0 - 2 secs
Additional Time to Trip Setting Resolution 0.01 secs
Phase Threshold Multiplierdb. 1 - 10
Resolution of Multiplier Setting 0.1
Earth Threshold Multiplierb.d. 1 - 10
9
N-Series
Timing Accuracye 5%,20 ms
NPS Trip Current Setting Range 10 - 1260 Amps
NPS Trip Current Setting Resolution 1 Amp
NPS Trip Current Setting Accuracy 10%
NPS Trips in sequence to Lockout 1-4
a. Current accuracy applies to protection relay function only and excludes accuracy of current transformers.
b. Applies to inverse time and instantaneous protection only.
c. Applies to inverse time protection only.
d. A trip is inhibited when the line current < setting current x threshold multiplier
e. Timing refers to time to initiate operation of circuit breaker (opening and closing times are in addition). See "Inverse
Time Protection" (page 9)
Definite Time Available as an alternative to inverse time on

Protection phase, NPS and earth. Setting Current
parameters are as for inverse time protection.
Definite Time range 0.05 - 100 sec
Definite Time resolution 0.01 sec
Timing Accuracya 50 ms
a. Timing refers to time to initiate operation of circuit breaker (opening and closing times are in addition). See "Inverse
Instantaneous Available as an additional element on inverse time protection can be applied to phase, NPS and earth
Protection or definite time protection or as an alternative protection.
without inverse time or definite time. Instantaneous
Multiplier of Trip Current Setting (applies to both phase and earth) 1 - 30
Maximum Effective Setting 12.5 kA
Trip Current Setting Accuracya 10%
Transient Overreach for X/R < 10 <5%
Transient Overreach for X/R > 10 <10%
a. Current accuracy applies to protection relay function only and excludes accuracy of current transformers.
Sensitive Earth Available as an additional protection element. trips which can occur in a reclose sequence before
Fault Protection Operates as definite time. The number of SEF lockout occurs is user set.
(SEF)
SEF Trip Current Setting Range 4 - 20 Ampa
SEF Trip Current Setting Resolution 1A
SEF Trip Current Setting Accuracyb 5%, 0.5A
SEF Operating Time 0.1 - 100 secs
SEF Operating Time Resolution 0.1 secs
SEF Operating Time Accuracyc 50ms
SEF Filter Attenuation at 150Hz >28dB
SEF Trips in sequence to lockout 1-4
a. 1A SEF option available.
10
Technical Data
b. Current accuracy applies to protection relay function only and excludes accuracy of current transformers
c. Timing refers to time to initiate operation of circuit breaker (opening and closing times are in addition). See "Inverse
Cold Load This is an additional protection feature, which

Pickup operates with inverse time and instantaneous
protection.
Cold Load Multiplier Range 1-5
Cold Load Multiplier Resolution 0.1
Cold Load Time Constant Range 1 - 480 mins
Cold Load Time Constant Resolution 1 min
Timing Accuracy 1 min
Inrush Restraint This is an additional protection feature, which

operates with inverse time and instantaneous
protection.
Inrush Restraint Multiplier Range 1 - 30
Inrush Restraint Multiplier Resolution 0.1
Inrush Restraint Time Range 0.05 - 30 sec
Inrush Restraint Time Resolution 0.05
Timing Accuracy 20ms
Loss of Phase This is an additional protection feature, which

Protection operates independently of the protection
elements.
Loss of Phase Threshold Voltage range 2 - 15 kV
Loss of Phase Threshold Voltage setting resolution 1V
Loss of Phase Threshold Voltage accuracya 5%,250V
Loss of Phase Time range 0.1 - 100 sec
Loss of Phase Time resolution 0.1 sec
Loss of Phase Time accuracy 50ms
a. Includes accuracy of voltage transformers in circuit breaker.
Under and Over This is an additional protection feature and is only

Frequency available if the CAPM 5 module is used.
Protection
(CAPM 5 only) Frequency setting rangea 45 - 65 Hz
Frequency setting resolution 0.1 Hz
Accuracy (for sinusoidal input) 0.05 Hz
Frequency Dead Band (hysteresis) 0.2 Hz
Number of under or over frequency cycles before tripping 2 to 1000
Frequency calculation Once per cycle averaged

over 2 cycles
Low Voltage Inhibit range 4 to 23 kV
Low Voltage Inhibit setting resolution 1V
11
N-Series
Normal Frequency Close Time 1 to 1000 secs
a. Under/Over tripping frequencies and normal frequencies are interlocked by software so that only viable settings are
possible.
Under and Over This an additional protection feature which is

Voltage independant of all other protection feattures.
Protection
Voltage accuracy 2.5% 25v
Dead Band (hysteresis) 2.0% of nominal system

voltage
Voltage value updated 0.03125 Sec
Measured voltage evaluation once/0.125 Sec
Measured voltage averaged over 0.25 Sec
Trip delay - time setting resolution 0.1 Sec
Trip delay range 0.0 to 60.0 Sec
Trip voltage setting resolution 1.0%
Nominal voltage range 2.0 kV to 25.0 kV
Normal voltage close time 1 to 1000 Sec
Sequence recovery time out 0 to 1000 Sec
Excessive sequence accumulation time 0 to 2880 Min
Live Load This is an additional protection feature, which

Blocking operates independently of the protection
elements.
Live Load Threshold Voltage 2000V - 15000V
High Current This is an additional protection feature, which

Lockout operates in conjunction with the protection
elements.
Maximum Effective Setting 12.5kA
Minimum Effective Setting 10 A
Current Setting Resolution 1A
Accuracy 15%
Automatic This is an additional protection feature.

Protection
Group selection Auto Change Time 10 - 180 sec
Auto Change Time Resolution 1 sec
Auto - Reclose
Trips in Sequence to Lockout 1-4
Reclose Time After First Trip in Sequence 0.5 - 180 sec
Reclose Time After Second and Third Trips in Sequence 2 - 180 sec
12
Technical Data
Reclose Time, Timing Resolution 0.1 sec
Reclose Time, Timing Accuracya 0.1 sec
Single Shot Reset Time 0 - 180 sec
Single Shot Reset, Timing Resolution 1 sec
Single Shot Reset, Timing Accuracy 1 sec
Sequence Reset Time 3 - 180 sec
Sequence Reset, Timing Resolution 1 sec
Sequence Reset, Timing Accuracy 1 sec
a. Timing refers to time to initiate operation of circuit breaker (opening and closing times are in addition). See "Basic
Timings" (page 5)
Directional
Blocking
System Phase/Earth Nominal Voltage for correct operation 2 - 25kV
Phase Protection Blocking:
Characteristic Angle setting range 180 deg
Characteristic Angle setting resolution 1 deg
Characteristic Angle accuracy 10 deg
Time to Determine fault direction 30 ms
Earth/SEF Protection Blocking:
Characteristic Angle setting range 180 deg
Characteristic Angle setting resolution 1 deg
Characteristic Angle accuracy from 2 5A earth current 30 deg
Characteristic Angle accuracy from 5 20A earth current 20 deg
Characteristic Angle accuracy above 20A earth current 20 deg
Earth Protection Blocking Time to determine fault direction 30 ms
SEF Protection Blocking Time to determine fault direction 500 ms
Minimum Line/Earth Polarising Voltage for Phase Blocking to Operate 500 V
Minimum Residual Earth Polarising Voltage for Earth blocking to Operate 20 - 100%
Minimum Residual Earth Polarising Voltage for SEF blocking to Operate 5 - 100%
Residual Earth Voltage dynamic balance limit 20%
Residual Earth Voltage dynamic balance rate 0.6% per sec
Minimum SEF Definite time when Directional Blocking is ON 0.5 secs
Loss of Supply
Detection
Live Terminal Threshold Voltage See "Power System
measurements"
(page 14)
Loss/Restoration of Supply Timeout 0.1 - 100 sec
Loss/Restoration of Supply Timing Accuracy -0ms, +150ms/
13
N-Series
Other
Protection
Features Fault Reset Timea 50 - 800ms
Fault Reset Time Accuracy 20 ms
Sequence Control Available
a. Applies to all protection elements.
Power System measurements

HV line measurements on all three phases are
made as follows
Voltage Range (RMS Phase/Earth) N15/N27 2 - 15kV
Voltage Range (RMS Phase/Earth) N38 2 - 25kV
Voltage Resolution 1V
Voltage Accuracya 2.5% 25V
Live Terminal Threshold Voltage rangeb 2 - 15kV
Live Terminal Threshold Voltage setting resolutionb. 1V
Live Terminal Threshold Voltage accuracya.b. 5% 250V
Live Terminal Threshold Hysteresis -20%
Phase Current Range (True RMS)c 2.5 - 800 Amp
Earth Current Range (True RMS)c. 1 - 800 Amp
Current Resolution 1 Amp
Phase Current Accuracya. 2.5% 2 Amp over range

10 - 800 Amp
Earth Current Accuracya. 2.5% 2 Amp over range

1 - 800 Amp
Apparent Power Range 0 - 54 MVA
Apparent Power Resolution 1 kVA
Apparent Power Accuracya. 5% over range 20 - 800

Amp
Real Power Ranged e -54 - 54 MW
Real Power Accuracya.d.e. 5% of apparent power
Real Power Resolution 1 kW
Reactive Power Ranged. 0 - 54 MVAR
Reactive Power Resolution 1 kVAR
Reactive Power Accuracya. 5% of apparent power
Unsigned Power Factor 0.5 - 1.0
Power Factor Resolution 0.01
Power Factor Accuracy 0.05
Measurement Filter Time Constant (Step Response) 2 sec
Measurement Update Rate 0.5 sec
a. Includes accuracy of switchgear current and voltage transformers.

b. Used for Live/Dead display, Live Load Blocking and Loss Of Supply detection.
c. Measurements are zeroed for currents less than lower value in range.
14
Technical Data
d. In database for transmission by a protocol.
e. Used to accumulate kWh reading for weekly maximum demand data.
Demand
History
Average Demand Sample Timesa 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes
Storage times for the average/weekly demand default data set
Sample period (minutes) 5 15 30 60
CAPM 4 - Minimum storage time (days) 26 78 156 312
CAPM 5 - Minimum storage time (days) 78 234 468 936
Event History
Minimum number of typical events stored in the event history 3,000 events
a. Configurable history can be accessed via WSOS, thus allowing the operator to select sample period and items stored.
This will affect the specified storage times.
SF6 Gas
Pressure
Measurement Nominal Pressure at 20deg C 35 kPa Gauge
Gas Pressure Display Resolution 1 kPa
Gas Pressure Display Accuracy 5 kPa
Gas Low Alarm Setting 15 kPa Gauge @ 20 C
Gas Low Alarm Accuracy 5 kPa
Equipment
and Crating
Dimensions Equipment Weights
Part Weight (kg)
Control cable 6
Control cubicle 35
HV cables (3m long, 180mm2 Al cables, qty 6) complete with bushing boots. 26
Internal Voltage Transformer 21
Pole Mounted Circuit Breaker 225
Pole mounting bracket 24
Sundry Mounting items 8
Gross weight of crate 404
Dimensions
Control Cubicle See Figure 53

(page 159)
Pole Mounted Circuit Breaker See Figure 48

(page 157)
Crate Dimensions (mm)
Width 1160mm
Depth 730mm
Height 1640mm
15
N-Series
16
Construction and Operation
4 Construction and Operation

This section describes the construction and understanding it should be read in conjunction with
operation of the circuit breaker. For a full the specification in Section 3 (page 5).
Circuit The circuit breaker uses ganged vacuum which will accommodate most common surge
Breaker interrupters inside a fully welded stainless steel arrester types. These brackets also provide lift
Overview tank filled with SF6 gas. See Figure 1 (page 19) for points.
identification of major features.
Connection to the control cubicle is by a control
The circuit breaker is closed by an internal cable which plugs into the Switch Cable Entry
solenoid which is energised by a capacitor in the Module (SCEM) located in a compartment on the
control cubicle. The close operation closes the underside of the circuit breaker.
vacuum interrupters, charges the opening spring
and latches the mechanism in the closed position. The standard mounting bracket can be fitted to
This is indicated by the pointer on the side of the most types of power poles. See Figure 36
circuit breaker. (page 104). Mounting brackets with increased or
reduced pole clearance are also available. The
The circuit breaker is opened by pulling down on manufacturer can supply clamping rings that
the trip lever or by energising the internal trip secure the bracket to a circular pole without using
solenoid. This unlatches the mechanism which is bolts through the pole.
then opened by the opening spring. The open
position is indicated by the pointer on the side. The In the case of internal arc fault, a panel on the rear
trip solenoid is also energised by a capacitor in the (pole) side of the circuit breaker ruptures to vent
control cubicle. the over-pressure. This reduces the risk of
explosion or detachment from the power pole.
The position of the circuit breaker is measured by Since the circuit breaker is not oil filled a major fire
two internal travel limit switches (one indicating hazard is eliminated.
close, the other open). These are monitored by the
control electronics. Current transformers and voltage screens
embedded in the bushings, send signals to the
High voltage connections are made with insulated control electronics which monitors phase current,
cable terminated on epoxy bushings. Cable and earth current and phase/earth voltage. If the
bushings are covered by silicone grease filled control cable is disconnected (at either end) the
elastomeric boots. Surge arrester brackets are CTs are automatically shorted by circuitry in the
provided on the front and rear of the circuit breaker SCEM card.
Safety Always follow proper safety procedures. This Any conductors that should be de-energised by
Recloser is not suitable for use as a point of the opening of the recloser should be tested and
isolation. If work on the electrical system is to be proved dead prior to opening non rated
carried out, de-energise the recloser and confirm switchgear, or applying earths to the system.
electrical and mechanical indications.
SF6 Pressure The circuit breaker incorporates a pressure sensor Topping up of the SF6, if required, is carried out
Sensing which measures the SF6 gas pressure. Pressure through the gas fill valve on the lower back of the
is monitored by the control electronics and circuit breaker.
displayed on the operator control panel.
Circuit The circuit breaker incorporates an electronic Continuous Current Rating.

Breaker memory that is used to record information
Number of Mechanical Operations
Memory pertinent to the unit. The following is available on
(incremented on close).
the operator display:
Rated Voltage.
Serial Number.
Breaking Rating. Contact Life Remaining (by phase).
17
N-Series
Contact Life The vacuum interrupters in the circuit breaker The remaining contact life is held in the circuit
have the duty rating given in Section 3 (page 5). breaker memory and can be displayed on the
Operator Control Panel.
The control electronics measures the interrupted
If remaining life reaches zero on any phase the
current every time the contacts open. This circuit breaker should be returned to the
measured current is used to calculate the amount manufacturer for refurbishment.1
of contact wear that each interrupter has suffered
and the contact life remaining is reduced
accordingly.
1. Since the actual breaking current is measured and since most faults are considerably lower than the maximum line fault
current, a much longer service life is to be expected from this method of monitoring wear compared to a simple operations count
method.
18
Construction and Operation
Figure 1: Circuit breaker features
19
N-Series
20
Control Cubicle
5 Control Cubicle
The control cubicle is purposely designed for maintenance staff. Both the door and the hatch
outdoor pole mounted operation. can be padlocked for security.
It features a hinged hatch for all weather access Figure 53 (page 159) shows the cubicles
by operations staff and a door for access by dimensions.
Connection The circuit breaker is connected to the control compatible ports at both the cubicle and the
between cubicle by the control cable. The cable plugs into underside of the circuit breaker.
Cubicle and
Circuit
Breaker
Tropical, Tropical, moderate and temperate climate temperature rarely goes above 40C and
Moderate and versions of the control cubicle are available: occasionally goes below -5C with a lower limit
Temperate The tropical version is well ventilated and is of -15C.
Versions suitable for climates where the ambient
The temperate version has reduced ventilation
temperature can reach 50C and only
occasionally goes below 0C, with a lower limit and a heater fitted to the equipment panel. It is
of -10C. suitable for climates where the ambient
The moderate version has reduced ventilation temperature rarely goes above 40C but can
and is used in environments where the fall as low as -30C.
Equipment Inside the cubicle is an equipment panel with the The Control Cable Entry Module provides
Panel following key features. See Figure 2 (page 24) and termination and filtering for the control cable,
Figure 36 (page 104). this is housed behind a removable panel. The
incoming control cable connects to P1 of the
The Mains Compartment houses LV mains CCEM, the internal wiring loom N03-505
transformers (where fitted) and miniature connects to P2 of the CCEM.
circuit breakers for batteries and auxiliary
A Heater for the control cubicle can be fitted.
supply.
Running up the centre of the equipment panel is a
The Electronics Compartment houses the cable duct used to carry the internal wiring. The
Control and Protection Module (CAPM) and equipment panel can be removed by
the Operator Panel Sub-System (OPS). This disconnecting external connections and unbolting.
compartment is sealed to protect the
electronics from airborne pollution. The equipment panel is arranged so the most heat
sensitive components, the batteries, are located
The Battery Compartment houses two 12Volt low down close to the point of air entry. In tropical
batteries. situations this ensures the batteries stay within a
The Radio Mounting Tray is used to mount few degrees of ambient at all times thus
the communications radio, modem or IOEX maximising their life.
(where fitted), see Section 16 (page 89). This Additionally the part which generates the most
hinges down to expose the radio/modem and heat, the mains power supply (where fitted), is
can be detached to allow workshop fitting of located at the top of the cubicle where its heating
the radio/modem. effect on other parts is minimised.
Sealing & All vents are screened against vermin entry and Condensation can be expected to form under
Condensation the door is sealed with replaceable foam tape. some atmospheric conditions such as tropical
Complete sealing against water entry under all storms. However, due to the insulated and well-
conditions is not expected e.g. during operation in vented design, any condensation will be on metal
the rain with the hatch open. Instead, the design is surfaces where it is of no consequence. The water
such that if any water does enter, it will run out of runs out in the same way as any other water
the bottom without affecting the electrical or entering the cubicle. Condensation will run out of
electronic parts. The well-vented and self-heating the bottom and be dried by ventilation and self
nature of the cubicle ensures moisture will dry out heating.
rapidly. The extensive use of stainless steel and The Electronics Compartment, which houses the
other corrosion proof materials ensures the main electronic modules, is well sealed and is only
presence of moisture has no detrimental effects. opened for electronic module replacement.
21
N-Series
WARNING
Mounting & The control cubicle is mounted on the pole using The control cubicle must be earthed to the circuit breaker to
complete the recloser earthing scheme as detailed in
Earthing either bolts through the pole or strapping around
Section 18 (page 95).
the pole. It is connected to the circuit breaker by
the detachable control cable.
Radio The space available on the radio tray to install

Mounting Tray customer equipment is shown in Figure 52
Space (page 159).
Auxiliary The auxiliary supply is used to maintain charge on nameplate indicates the required auxiliary
Power Source the sealed lead-acid batteries that provide standby supply voltage.
power when auxiliary power is lost. The controller
monitors the status of both the auxiliary and HV line supply to a Voltage Transformer (VT)1
battery supplies. fitted inside the circuit breaker tank. This is
called an Integrated HV Supply. In this case
A low power mode is activated when the batteries the circuit breaker rating plates indicate the
are nearly exhausted due to loss of the auxiliary transformer voltage rating.
supply. This mode minimises power consumption
while still maintaining basic functionality. See HV line supply to a Voltage Transformer (VT)
Section 19 (page 107) for more information. fitted outside the circuit breaker tank. This
external VT is connected into the circuit
Auxiliary power comes from one of three sources: breaker and is called an Integrated HV Supply.
In this case the rating plate on the transformer
LV supplies provided by the utility. This indicates its voltage rating.
connects into the control cubicle and is called
an LV Supply. In this case the control cubicle is "Site Procedure" (page 97) gives details of
fitted with a suitable transformer and its auxiliary supply connection and earthing.
Auxiliary The control cubicle can be manufactured in a AUX SUPPLY INTEGRATED for integrated HV
Supply number of different auxiliary supply configurations supply, with external VT supplied by the
Control such as: manufacturer.
Cubicle Supply from an external 110V or 240V AC
The Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB) at the top of
Options source.
the control cubicle in the mains compartment
Supply from an external voltage transformer protect the battery (centre MCB) and the auxiliary
supplied by the manufacturer. supplies.
Dual 110/240V AC supply from an external
source. When equipped for Integrated HV Supply the Aux
Dual supply from an external 110/240V AC MCB should always be closed during operation or
source and external voltage transformer testing even if the auxiliary supply transformer is
supplied by the manufacturer. not energised. This ensures correct operation of
the memory in the circuit breaker.
Appendix I (page 147) includes the wiring
diagrams detailing the connection of auxiliary For a single LV supply an AUX OUT socket can be
power supplies. The configuration is indicated on factory fitted as an option to provide a power outlet
the control cubicle name plate as: in the control cubicle. This is shown in Figure 2
AUX SUPPLY 240VAC (or other voltage) for (page 24). For dual supplies two AUX supply
LV supply, or MCBs are fitted, one for each supply.
Cable Entry All cables enter the control cubicle from the One or two LV mains supplies (where fitted)
underside as shown in Figure 2 (page 24). Cable which run behind the equipment panel. The
entries are provided for: two 20mm holes provided for cable entry can
also be used for external I/O entry if required.
The control cable from the recloser that plugs
into connector P1 at the bottom of the battery Communication Cable/Radio Antenna (where
compartment. fitted), a 16mm hole is provided for cable entry.
1. The VT is designed only for the manufacturers control cubicle and cannot provide power for any other purpose.
22
Control Cubicle
Current A six way connector called the Current Injection perform secondary injection while the circuit
Injection Point Point is located on the mains compartment. This breaker is connected. This allows injection of
is used with the Test and Training Set (TTS) to equipment in service without disconnection.
Computer Port A 25 way female D-type connector is located on upgrade electronic controller operating software,
the electronics compartment cover above the including installation of new telemetry protocols.
Operator Control Panel. It connects to an RS232
port on the electronic controller for use with WSOS
on a portable computer. This port is also used to
23
N-Series
Figure 2: Equipment panel
24
Control Electronics Operation
6 Control Electronics Operation

The control system block diagram is shown in
Figure 3 (page 27). The main features are
explained below.
Control & The main module of control electronics is the Charging of the close and trip capacitors.
Protection Control and Protection Module (CAPM). Discharging the close and trip capacitors into
The circuit breaker accompanying this manual solenoids to operate the circuit breaker, either
uses either module version 4 (CAPM 4) or module automatically or by local or remote operator
version 5 (CAPM 5). It is centred around a command.
microprocessor and carries out the following Charging of the battery from the auxiliary
functions: supply, changeover to battery on loss of
High speed sampling of the line Current auxiliary supply and disconnection when the
Transformers (CTs), calculation of RMS phase battery is exhausted.
current and earth spill current. Driving the Operator Panel Sub-system (OPS).
High speed sampling of the line Capacitive Driving the external communications interface
Voltage Transformers (CVTs), calculation of to allow monitoring and control from a remote
RMS phase/earth voltages. computer or operator over a communications
Calculation of apparent, real and reactive link.
power flows from the above. Driving the WSOS over an RS232 link. The
Protection relay functions. connector for this link is located on the
Auto-reclose relay functions. electronics compartment above the operator
Monitoring of circuit breaker auxiliary switches. control panel.
Monitoring of circuit breaker gas pressure. The CAPM is a replaceable unit.
Operator This comprises the electronics compartment The Operator Panel Subsystem is a replaceable
Panel cover, an operator control panel with LCD display, unit.
Subsystem a membrane keyboard and its controlling
(OPS) microcomputer.
Control Cable This is located at the bottom of the battery The CCEM is a replaceable unit.
Entry Module compartment and provides termination and
(CCEM) filtering for the signals from the circuit breaker.
CAPM Operation
General The CAPM utilises a Motorola 68332 data in the circuit breaker includes error check
Overview microprocessor, with non-volatile Flash codes enabling the CAPM to validate the data.
EEPROM and 1Mbyte of volatile read/write static The status of the data is displayed on the operator
memory. panel.
Non-volatile memory is used to hold programs, When a local operator presses buttons on the
configuration parameters and historical data. control panel a character is sent from the Operator
CAPM 4 has 2 Mbytes of memory. Panel Subsystem to the CAPM, which then carries
CAPM 5 has 4 Mbytes of memory. out the required command.
Volatile memory is used as run time The Recloser operates when the CAPM
workspace. discharges its trip or close capacitors into the
circuit breaker solenoids. The CAPM continually
There are no user-adjustable hardware features
monitors the capacitors and will only discharge
on the CAPM, no links, no DIL switches and no
them into the circuit breaker solenoids if the
variable resistors. Re-programming of the
charge is sufficient for correct recloser operation.
microprocessor can be carried out using a built-in
In addition, the CAPM will only close the circuit
loader from a portable computer.
breaker if there is sufficient charge in the trip
On power-up, or when the circuit breaker is capacitor to trip the circuit breaker. This ensures
connected, the CAPM reads the data from the the circuit breaker will always be ready to trip if
memory inside the circuit breaker. The memory closed onto a fault.
25
N-Series
If a trip or close request occurs when there is The SF6 gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is
insufficient charge in the capacitors it is monitored by the CAPM using the built-in pressure
discarded (this never happens in normal transducer that detects a gas low alarm condition if
operation). present. The gas low alarm and the actual
The CAPM will not attempt to operate the pressure is displayed on the operator control panel
Recloser and any control requests will be page.
discarded if any of the following conditions exist. SYSTEM STATUS-SWITCHGEAR STATUS: SF6 Pressure
Also see Section 7 (page 29). Normal 35kPag
The isolate switches on the operator panel are Current transformers and voltage screens in the
in the isolate position. circuit breaker are monitored to provide the
The circuit breaker is disconnected. protection and measurement functions.
The circuit breaker memory data cannot be
read or is invalid.
Normal The circuit breaker, control electronics and power be used for remotely monitoring the health of the
Operations supplies are monitored for correct operation. This circuit breaker.
data is used to generate a system healthy signal
which is available either for transmission by a
telemetry protocol or as an output on the optional
IOEX (Input/Output Expander) module. This can
26
Control Electronics Operation
Figure 3: Control System Block Diagram
27
N-Series
28
Operator Control Panel
7 Operator Control Panel

Description The Operator Control Panel (OCP) is mounted and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), which are used
inside the control cubicle on the equipment to select and monitor the functionality of the
panel.The OCP consists of a four-line Liquid recloser.
Crystal Display (LCD) and keypad with switches
Figure 4: Operator Control Panel
Number Item Description
1 Display Back-lit LCD, 4 line with 40 characters per line.
2 Close key Generates a Close request to the CAPM when the panel is active.
A green LED is embedded in the key. The LED is lit when the
recloser is closed.
3 Isolate/Enable Isolates the Close key. When the switch is in the Isolate position
Close switch the close coils in the magnetic actuator are disconnected from the
control electronics. Thus the switch provides a physical isolation
point for the control circuitry. The recloser cannot be closed and
an audible alarm in the panel will sound. The Close key operates
normally when the switch is in the Enable position.
4 Isolate/Enable Trip Isolates the Trip key. When the switch is in the Isolate position the
switch trip coils in the magnetic actuator are disconnected from the
control electronics. Thus the switch provides a physical isolation
point for the control circuitry. The recloser cannot be opened and
an audible alarm in the panel will sound. The Trip key operates
normally when the switch is in the Enable position.
5 Trip key Generates a Trip request to the CAPM when the panel is active.
A red LED is embedded in the key. The LED is lit when the
recloser is open.
6 Panel ON/OFF key The PANEL ON/OFF key turns the panel on and off.
Operator Control Panel description
29
N-Series
Number Item Description
7 Microprocessor The green MICROPROCESSOR RUNNING LED flashes at 2

Running LED second intervals to indicate the control electronics are running
normally. If the flashing stops or becomes intermittent it indicates
a fault condition (e.g. loss of power).
The LED flashes at all times, even when the panel is turned off.
8 Quick keya AUTO ON/OFF
9 Enter key Activates selected Quick key setting, and restores original
display.
10 Quick key PROTECTION GROUP
11 Quick key EARTH PROTECTION
12 Quick key LOCAL/REMOTE
13 RIGHT scroll key - select pages within a group.
14 SELECT key Press to SELECT Menu item.
15 LEFT scroll key - select pages within a group.
16 MENU scroll key Selects the group required.
Operator Control Panel description

a. Default Quick Keys shown.
Organisation The four-line LCD display is structured as shown The data fields are used differently on each display
of Liquid below. page. Display pages with this format are shown in
Crystal Figure 6 (page 7-33).
Display - - - - - - PAGE TITLE - - - - - -
Some special display pages are different, these
Data Field 1 Data Field 2
Data Field 3 Data Field 4
are shown in the relevant sections in this manual.
Data Field 5 Data Field 6 See Appendix D (page D-125) and Appendix E
(page E-131).
Turning on the The PANEL ON/OFF key turns the panel on and If the time and date has not been set since the last
Control Panel off. When off, the display is blank and none of the restart then the operator must set it, by using the
keys work. The panel will turn itself off if no keys SELECT, and pressing the MENU key twice
are pressed for ten minutes. before other displays can be selected.
When activated the control panel shows a start-up
message for 5 seconds then shows the display
page.
SYSTEM STATUS - TRIP FLAGS
Selecting The MENU key selects the display group. The Changes can be made to existing program
Displays keys select pages within the group, this is settings using either of two operator controlled
shown in Figure 6 (page 7-33). methods at the control panel.
Therefore to select a particular display page: The MENU, SELECT, LEFT ARROW and
1. Press the MENU key to get the desired RIGHT ARROW keys facilitate manual
group on display. navigation within the operator panel display pages.
2. Press to get the page or sub-group The QUICK KEYS are interface keys that facilitate
required. the rapid changing of operator settings.
3. Press SELECT to get to the sub-page
required, where necessary
30
Using the All settings can be changed by the following 2. Press SELECT until the required setting
MENU, procedure: starts to flash.
SELECT and 1. Find the page on which the setting is shown 3. Press keys to change the setting to the
ARROW Keys as described in Selecting Displays - page 30 new value required. Press MENU or ENTER to
put the new setting into service.
Display Groups
Many different displays are available and are
divided into four main groups described below.
See Figure 6 (page 7-33)
System Status Contains all status information about the recloser All System Status displays have the capital letter
and control electronics e.g. battery low, operations S in the top right corner. See Figure 9 (page 7-
count, SEF enabled/disabled. 34)
Information on this display group is given in
Appendix D (page D-125).
Event Log Shows the event record for the recloser. See Figure 6 (page 7-33).
More information is given in Section 10 (page 10-
71) and in Appendix G (page G-139).
Measurement Contains all information about the HV line See Section 11 (page 11-73) and Appendix C
measurements made e.g. line current, line (page C-115). All Measurement displays have the
voltages, maximum demand data. capital letter M in the top right corner. See
Figure 7 (page 7-33)
Protection Contains all the protection settings currently in use All Protection displays have the capital letter P in
e.g. Trip Current Settings, curves, reclose times. the top right corner. See Figure 8 (page 7-34)
More information is given in Section 9 (page 9-39)
and Appendix E (page E-131).
Configurable Quick Keys provide the capability for the operator A set of stickers is available from the manufacturer
Quick Keys to quickly access commonly used settings from that includes the wording for each of the available
(Version 28) any screen. functions.
Quick Keys are configurable and can be selected The operator can apply the sticker as required to
by the operator using the OCPM or WSOS match the selected functionality of the Quick Key.
Listed in the following table are the operator See Appendix H (page H-145) for the sticker part
functions that can be programmed to individual numbers .
Quick Keys.
ACO On/Off
Auto Reclose On / Auto Reclose Off

Protection Off
Cold Load On/Off
Earth/Ground Protection
Live Load Blocking
Local/Remote/Hit and Run Selection
Loop Automation On/Off
Negative Phase Sequence Protection

On/Off/Alarm
Figure 5: Available Quick Key functions
31
N-Series
Protection Group Selection
Reset Flags
Work Tag On/Off
Figure 5: Available Quick Key functions
Quick Key The Quick Keys can be configured at Pressing the ARROW keys will scroll the operator
Selection SYSTEM STATUS - Quick Key Selection
through the available functions. See Figure 5
(page 7-31)
The following screen is displayed: Press MENU or ENTER when the required
function is displayed.
- - - - QUICK KEY SELECTION- - - - S To configure another Quick Key press SELECT
and repeat the above procedure.
Local/Remote Earth Prot
Auto ON/OFF Enter Prot Group Only one function can be assigned to each Quick
Key.
If the operator selects a function that has been
To configure a Quick Key press SELECT or
assigned to another Quick Key the selection will
ENTER and the following screen is displayed with
revert to a blank setting.
the first field flashing.
When a Quick key is changed an event is
- - CHANGE QUICK KEY SELECTION - - S generated in the Event Log.
Local/Remote Earth Prot

Auto ON/OFF Enter Prot Group
Operation of the A Quick Key may be pressed at any time and will Pressing the ENTER key activates the newly
Quick Key display the relevant page, with the selected field selected setting and immediately restores the
flashing: original display.1
Pressing the Quick Key will continue to cycle Whenever a quick key is in use the and
the flashing field through the options available. SELECT keys are disabled and pressing the
HELP key displays a special message which
details Quick Key operation.
Password Some settings require passwords to be entered Once this is done the password does not need to
Protection before they can be changed. If a password be entered again while the operator panel is on.
protected field is selected for change the user is However, when the operator panel turns OFF the
prompted for the password. A password (which password will need to be re-entered for further
can be up to five characters in length) is entered in setting changes.
the following way: The default factory password is <CAPM> but it
1. The keys are pressed until the first can be changed by the user with WSOS. The
character of the password is displayed. factory password does not have to be
2. SELECT key is then pressed. remembered - the controller prompts the operator
3. This sequence is repeated until the required for it automatically.
number of characters has been entered.
Languages The OCP language can be changed by selecting2 English (International and USA).
Spanish.
SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1: Language
Portuguese.
The following languages are available:
1. A particular option may not be available to the operator if it has been disabled on the SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS page
2. The changing of the language does not generate an event in the Event Log.
32
Main Display
Groups
Figure 6: Four main display groups
Measurement
Group
Figure 7: Measurement Group pages
33
N-Series
Protection
Group
Figure 8: Protection Group pages
System Status
Group
Figure 9: System Status Group pages
34
Work Tags and Controller Mode
8 Work Tags and Controller Mode

An important feature of the controller is that it is The mode and the tag specify the circumstances
always in one of two modes, either Local or under which the circuit breaker can be closed to
Remote, and can have a Work Tag applied by ensure operational safety.
Local or Remote operators.
Definition of There are three kinds of local user: to interface to a SCADA system remote
Local or The Operator Control Panel.
terminal unit. See Section 16 (page 89).
Remote User A remote control protocol. These are almost
An IOEX card designated as Local. This
always designated as remote users. Full
might apply, for example, to an IOEX card
information is given in the relevant protocol
used in a substation to provide control from a
manual.
panel inside a building.
Remote Panel - this panel provides the
A Windows SOS (WSOS) computer plugged
into the computer port on the front of the user capability to access a maximum of five
control panel. See Section 17 (page 93). reclosers from one location.
There are three kinds of remote user: An IOEX is designated Local or Remote from the
Operator Control Panel page.
An IOEX card designated as Remote. This
might apply, for example to an IOEX card used SYSTEM STATUS - IOEX Status
Local/Remote/ The Local/Remote/Hit and Run selection is carried Local/Remote/Hit and Run switch on the front
Hit and Run out on panel.
Mode SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1
Local/Remote/Hit and Run does not affect
There is a quick key on the panel to make this fast automatic closing.
and easy. Setting this mode ensures closing and
tagging can only be carried out by the designated Most importantly the Local/Remote mode can only
local or remote users. It is the equivalent of a be set from the Operator Control Panel.
Local Mode In this mode only a local user can manually close This means a user can go to the control cubicle,
the circuit breaker (it can still close automatically set local control mode and know that remote
with the auto-reclose function). closing is disabled.
Only a local operator can apply/remove the Work

Tag when the controller is in Local Mode.
Remote Mode In this mode only a remote user can manually If the local operator is denied a close operation or
close the circuit breaker (the circuit breaker can a Work Tag due to being in Remote Mode then the
still close automatically with the Auto-Reclose operator panel will flash the message.
function).
Not Allowed Change to Local Control and/or remove Work
Tag
Only a remote operator can apply/remove the
Work Tag when the controller is in Remote Mode.
Hit and Run The Hit and Run feature provides a time delay Hit and Run is made available via WSOS only.
between a local operator control TRIP or CLOSE When Hit and Run is Available it is configured at
request and when the ACR operates.
SYSTEM STATUS - Hit and Run
This feature is particularly useful in a Substation
because it allows the operator to avoid potential When Hit and Run has been configured it can be
hazards when the recloser operates. turned on at the LOCAL/Remote field at
There is no change to the operation of the ACR SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Hit and Run
when Hit and Run is turned OFF. ON
35
N-Series
The following tables show the Hit and Run screen
and the field descriptions.
Hit and Run S
Hit/Run Close OFF P Hit/Run Trip OFF P

Hit/Run Close 120s Hit/Run Trip 120s
Hit and Run screen
Field Description
Hit/Run Close OFF Hit and Run Close Time

Hit/Run Close 10s This field is used to delay a local operator panel close request.
Range: OFF, 10 to 120 sec (increments of 5 secs).
Factory default is OFF
Hit/Run Trip OFF Hit and Run Trip Time

Hit/Run Trip 10s This field is used to delay a local operator panel trip request.
Range: OFF, 10 to 120 sec (increments of 5 secs).
Factory default is OFF
Hit and Run field descriptions
When Hit and Run is turned ON the operator has When the operator presses TRIP or CLOSE the
30 seconds to press either TRIP or CLOSE, following screen will be displayed and the
otherwise the setting will revert to the setting prior countdown will begin:
to turning Hit and Run ON.
- - - - - Hit and Run Countdown - - S
This will also occur when: TRIP will occur in 120 sec
The panel is turned OFF.
Press the SELECT key to abort
The countdown period is complete.
The Hit and Run request is aborted by using
the SELECT key. The panel will beep every two seconds Hit and
Run is on. The beeping will become more rapid
When Hit and Run is turned ON the following
during the final ten seconds to action.
screen is displayed :
An event will be recorded in the Event Log at the

- - - - - Hit and Run Countdown - - S start of the Hit and Run period and the end of a Hit
Press TRIP or CLOSE within 30 sec and Run countdown or timeout.
Press the SELECT key to abort
Work Tagging Applying the Work Tag ensures that closing If a trip occurs whilst the Work Tag is applied then
cannot take place at all, either by a local operator, an event is logged to identify the Work Tag mode.
a remote operator or automatically. Once applied, See Appendix G (page 139)
neither a local user, remote user or the Auto- Work Tags are applied and removed from
Reclose function can close the recloser.
SYSTEM STATUS - SWITCHGEAR STATUS: Work Tag
Work Tag mode is activated when Work Tag is OFF
applied irrespective of Auto Reclose mode status,
When applied the operator panel flashes the
and is deactivated when the Work Tag is removed.
message
It is not possible for the operator to close the circuit Warning Work Tag Applied
breaker whilst in Work Tag mode.
Only a local user can apply/remove the tag when
If the Work Tag is deactivated whilst Auto Reclose the controller is in Local Mode and only a remote
is ON then the Auto Reclose mode will be entered user can apply/remove the tag when the controller
immediately. is in Remote Mode. This means that a local user
can remove the Work Tag applied by a remote
The Single Shot timer does not apply to Work Tag user but they must first put the controller into Local
mode. Mode. If the local operator is denied a close
36
Work Tags and Controller Mode
operation due to the Work Tag being applied the
operator panel will flash the message
Not Allowed Change to Local Control and/or remove Work
Tag
Work Tag Work Tag Protection settings are used to provide - PHASE WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP A-P -
Inv IEC255 Time Multiplier 1.00
Mode an appropriate protection curve when the Work
No Instantaneous
Protection Tag has been applied. Minimum 0.00s Additional 0.00s
Settings There are separate protection pages for Phase
Work Tag Protection, Earth Work Tag Protection
- EARTH WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP A-P -
and NPS Work Tag Protection. Each page is
similar to the normal protection trip pages.
No Instantaneous SEF Definite 5.0s
Minimum 0.00s Additional 0.00s
- NPS WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP A-P -

No Instantaneous
Appendix E- Protection Pages (page 131) details
Minimum 0.00s Additional 0.00s
all the fields for the Work Tag Phase, NPS and
Earth protection settings.
37
N-Series
38
Protection
9 Protection
Overview The controller has many different protection This trip/close sequence can be repeated a
features described in this section. In summary it number of times with protection elements
operates as follows: programmed to change between each trip in the
When there is a line fault the circuit breaker is sequence.
tripped. The Protection Elements that may activate If the fault cannot be cleared the controller goes to
are: lockout and waits for an operator to initiate the
Earth Fault (E/F) next close. There are a variety of ways the
controller can be made to go to lockout without
Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF)
completing the whole reclose sequence.
Overcurrent Protection
The controller can store up to ten groups of
Loss of Phase (LOP) Protection operator selected protection settings. These are
Under and Over Frequency Protection Protection Groups A to J. Once programmed the
Negative Phase Sequence Protection (NPS) protection settings rarely change.
Each individual element can be programmed to In addition to the protection settings there are
cause the trip depending on the relevant setting. Operator Settings. This group of settings is
After a protection trip there will be a delay and then independent of the protection settings and it
a reclose. changes the main functionality of the recloser.
Trip Flags
Trip Flag This is the first System Status page to appear The counter beside the Earth Fault (E/F) element
Display Page when the panel is turned on. shows that at some time previously there has
The display identifies each protection element that been a single occurrence of an E/F trip. In this
may cause a trip and next to it a box. case any instantaneous indication for E/F would
have reset when the circuit breaker tripped on O/C
If that particular element caused the most recent protection.
protection trip then it will be filled in like this .
The counter next to the status indicator shows the
The following display is a typical example of this number of times each protection element has
page which indicates the most recent trip was caused a trip. Each counter has a range of 01 to
99 (cannot count past 99).
- - - - - - - TRIP FLAGS - - - - - - - -s
O/C 03 AB I LOP 00 Ext 00 Some elements display the letters A, B, C to
E/F 01 FRQ 00
SEF 00 NPS 00 OPS 0001 identify the phase.
Some elements also display the letter I to
identify instantaneous trips.
caused by an Instantaneous Overcurrent (O/C)
The possible field values are shown below. 1
fault between phases A and B. There has been a
total of three such events.
TRIP FLAGS S
O/C 00-99 ABC I LOP 00-99 ABC Ext 00-99
E/F 00-99 I FRQ 00-99a
SEF 00-99 NPS 00-99 I OPS 0000
Trip Flags screen

a. This is a CAPM 5 feature only.
Field Description
O/C Phase Overcurrent The letters to the right of the O/C field identifies the phase or phases
faulted The letter I will also be displayed for instantaneous trip.
E/F Earth Fault The letter I will also be displayed for instantaneous trip.
Trip Flags - field descriptions
1. An Operator Trip does not alter the flags.
39
N-Series
Field Description
SEF Sensitive Earth Fault This field is still displayed when SEF is unavailable.
LOP Loss of Phase The phase or phases lost are indicated by the letter/s to the right of the
field.
FRQ Frequency Faulta Indicates both under and over frequency conditions.
NPS Negative Phase The letter I will also be displayed for instantaneous trip.
Sequence Overcurrent
Ext External Trip External trip sources. A trip caused by the activation of a FTIM or an
IOEX protection trip input.
OPS Operations Counter The OPS field indicates the total number of close operations
performed by the switchgear.
Trip Flags - field descriptions

The setting of displays Pickup Flags instead of Trip Flags and

more than one element may be set at a time.
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1: Protection
OFF
Resetting the The Trip Flags will be reset by: Pressing the SELECT key twice consecutively
Trip Flags Any operator close, including remote control within a ten second period whilst the Trip Flags
commands. screen is displayed.
Start of a new sequence. On the first press of the SELECT key the following
The Trip Flags and counters will be reset by: display advises the operator what to do next.
Pressing a Quick Key configured as Reset - - - - - - - -RESET TRIP FLAGS - - - - - - -S
Flags twice within a ten second period. Press the key again to reset the flags.
Press the menu key to cancel.
Turning Protection OFF, however the flags and
counters will not appear until Protection is
turned ON.
Operator Operator Settings are different from Protection These are:

Settings Settings.
NPS Protection On/Off/Alarm
They are used by an operator or linesperson on an
everyday basis to set the controller into the Local/Remote/Hit and Run selection.
required mode. For example a linesperson may
want to disable Auto-Reclose and Sensitive Earth Earth Fault and Sensitive Earth Fault ON/OFF
Fault prior to commencing live line work. selection.1
The Operator Settings are all found at
Auto-Reclose ON/OFF, Protection OFF.
SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1
Operational Cold Load Time and Multiplier.
and See "Cold Load Pickup (CLP)" (page 61).
SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 2 Selection of the Active Protection Group.2
Protection This command turns all the Protection Features A Protection OFF event is generated and logged
OFF and OFF and the circuit breaker will only trip or close in whenever the protection is turned off.
Pickup Flags response to a manual operation.3 When configured as:
Protection OFF must be Allowed at
SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Protection
OFF
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 1: Prot OFF Allowed/Not
Allowed
The controller still logs all pickups and
before Protection can be turned OFF. maximum currents and sets the Pickup Flags4.
1. The Earth Fault, Sensitive Earth Fault and Protection OFF settings may be unavailable to the operator if they have been
made unavailable at {SYSTEM STATUS -Options 1}.
2. Operator settings are not affected by changing the Active Protection Group. For example: if Auto Reclose is in force before
the Active Group is changed from A to B then Auto Reclose will also be in force after the change.
3. The Protection OFF command resides in the same field as the Auto Reclose ON or Auto Reclose OFF.
4. External Trips are not shown on the Pickup Flag display.
40
Protection
The circuit breaker will not automatically trip on
protection and trip events are not logged. - - - - - - - PICKUP FLAGS - - - - - - - s
O/C 03 AB I LOP 00
If a Loss of Phase (LOP) event occurs, the E/F 01 FRQ 01
circuit breaker will not trip but the LOP, A, B or SEF 00 NPS 00 OPS 0001
C Pickup Flags are set.
If either an Under/Over Frequency condition is
detected, the circuit breaker will not trip but the - - - - - - RESET PICKUP FLAGS - - - - - - -S
Press the key again to reset the flags.
Frequency Pickup Flag is set. Press the menu key to cancel.
If a NPS event occurs, the circuit breaker will
not trip but the Pickup Flag will register.
The Pickup Flags and counters will be reset by: It is possible to configure the controller so the
Protection Off state cannot be reached. This is
Pressing a Quick Key configured as Reset
set using the
Flags twice within a ten second period.
SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1:Prot OFF Not Allowed
Turning Protection OFF.
Pressing the SELECT key twice within a ten setting. In this case the operator cannot select the
second period whilst the Pickup screen is Protection OFF state, only the active protection
displayed. groups. Selecting
The following display is an example of the Pickup SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1:Prot OFF Not Allowed
Flag screen indicating an Under Frequency
also has the effect of turning the protection ON if it
condition with Protection OFF.
is not already ON. Protection is normally switched
On the first press of the SELECT key the following from OFF to ON by selecting either Auto Reclose
display advises the operator what to do next. ON or Auto Reclose OFF.
Sensitive Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) protection can be setting. When not available SEF is turned off and
Earth Fault made either available or not available with the there are no facilities for the operator to turn it on.
Control SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1:SEF Available/Not
Available
Negative Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Protection is a transmitted to a SCADA system via a
Phase protection feature that allows the detection of: communications protocol.
Sequence Low-level phase-phase faults in the presence
Protection of load current. NPS Protection operates as an overcurrent
element in addition to the phase, earth and SEF
Downed conductors in areas of high ground
overcurrent protection elements.
resistivity.
Open-circuited conductors. NPS Protection shares some common settings
NPS Protection can be configured to trip the with phase, earth and SEF overcurrent protection
recloser, or operate a local alarm via IOEX or elements.
41
N-Series
NPS NPS current is a derived current calculated For example, if the Switchgear Terminal
Protection mathematically from the three line currents. NPS Designation is A-B-C with clockwise phase
Operation currents are zero when line currents are balanced. rotation, it should be changed to A-C-B. This can
When line currents are not balanced (because of be done using the OCP or the Phase
load imbalances, or an open-circuit conductor, or a Configuration selector on the WSOS Status page.
phase-phase fault) NPS current is non-zero.
NPS OFF can be set to either Allowed or Not
In practice there is usually some amount of NPS Allowed and is a password protected feature at
current on a healthy network because of imperfect
load balance. NPS Protection distinguishes SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1:NPS OFF Allowed/Not
Allowed
between normal NPS current and NPS currents
due to faults by considering NPS current
NPS protection can be turned ON or OFF at
magnitude and duration. Consequently NPS
Protection has pickup and time settings in the SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:NPS OFF/
same fashion as those provided for phase and ON/NPS Prot Alarm
earth overcurrent protection.
NPS Protection can be configured from the
The NPS current is calculated in real time using Operator Panel at
the formula:
PROTECTION SETTING 2 A-J
i2 =(ia + ib phase shifted 240 + ic phase shifted
by 120 ) / 3
or using WSOS.
The calculated NPS current is fed to the protection
algorithms in the same manner as the phase, When NPS protection trips the ACR, the trip and
earth and SEF currents. the maximum NPS currents are recorded in the
Event Log.
The NPS algorithms assume anticlockwise phase
rotation.If the network has clockwise phase When NPS Prot Alarm is set the recloser will not
rotation it is necessary to change the Switchgear trip when NPS current is exceeded, a local alarm
Terminal Designation to match the network phase is activated. This may be seen via the Event log,
rotation. WSOS, or via a suitably configured IOEX output.
Earth Fault It is also possible to disable control over Earth setting. When Earth Fault OFF is set to Not
Control Fault protection with the Allowed, operator control of Earth Fault protection
is disabled (and Earth Fault protection is
SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1:EF OFF Allowed/Not
Allowed
permanently ON). This can be used in conjunction
with the SEF Available setting to restrict operator
control to SEF only.
Protection Protection settings are usually set once by the The number of protection sets (A-J) available to
Settings and protection engineer and are not altered unless the operator may also be configured using WSOS.
Protection system conditions change. Whenever a new Protection Group is activated or
Groups A Protection Group is a group of protection a protection trip occurs, an event is written to the
settings that defines the protection functionality of Event Log indicating which Protection Group is
the circuit breaker. now in operation. The event logged is for example
The CAPM 4 and CAPM 5 controllers support up Prot Group A Active; Prot Group F Active; etc.
to ten completely independent Protection Groups. All the protection parameters are programmed and
These groups are referred to as Protection Groups stored independently for each of the groups. For
A to J. example, if the Sequence Reset Time is required
At the Operator Control Panel, the operator to be 20 seconds in both A and B groups, then it
selects either Group A, B, C, or J to be Active must be explicitly set to 20 seconds in both groups
from of protection settings.
SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Prot A...J

Active
Changing All protection parameters and operator settings carried out either through the operator panel or via
Protection are held in non-volatile memory on the CAPM. WSOS.
Settings This ensures they are retained through power The ten groups of protection settings are
interruptions. However, if a different CAPM is programmed on the protection pages. Passwords
installed in a control cubicle, or if the control are required to make changes.
cubicle is replaced, then the protection parameters
need to be re-programmed into the CAPM. This is
42
Protection
Protection Groups should not be changed whilst a immediately. Instead the changes are saved into
protection sequence is in progress. the internal database in the controller and go into
When programming protection settings, the service when:
technician first selects which protection group of The operator moves off the protection group of
parameters to display on pages.
PROTECTION SETTING 1 (A.....J): Group A....J The operator turns off the control panel.
Displayed
The control panel turns itself off after the
This group can then be changed. Selecting a timeout period.
protection group to be displayed does not make it
The controller is powered off and on again.
active, that is done by the operator in
This allows the operator to edit the active group
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1;Prot A...J
Active and then put the new settings into service as a
whole. The operator is informed when the
Because one protection group can be active and changes are going into service.
another protection group can be displayed (in the
protection pages), care must be taken or When the active group is being edited, the page
confusion will result. However, the title line of the title flashes to indicate the settings being worked
display always shows which protection group is on are different to the ones in service.
currently being displayed by showing an A, B Changes can also be made by remote operators
or J suffix, such as using WSOS. If a WSOS operator changes
PROTECTION SETTING 3 E
settings, the local operator will see the page title
flash to indicate changes are pending. When any
The operator can change either the active group user puts their changes into service all pending
or the inactive group. When changes are made to changes, including those made by other users, go
the active group they do not go into service into service.
Group Copy Group Copy is available to facilitate the setting of Fault (SEF) protection. A low pass filter on the spill
several protection groups which all have the same current reduces sensitivity to harmonics above 60
or similar settings. It is possible to copy from the Hz, reducing SEF sensitivity to transformer in-rush
displayed protection group to any of the groups and other harmonic interference.
available on the CAPM including the active
If any of these signals (Phase, Earth, NPS or SEF)
group1.
exceed the relevant Setting Current (Phase,
This feature is accessed through the protection Earth, NPS or SEF) then the relay Picks Up.
group at Definite Time, Inverse Time and Instantaneous
Protection are used to trip the circuit breaker after
PROTECTION SETTING 1 (Copy OFF)
pickup:
Selecting the field allows the operator to scroll Definite Time is a protection function that can
through the available copy options as shown at be set by the user and it causes a trip at a fixed
Appendix E (page 131). time after pickup. In the case of Definite Time
the timing sequence starts immediately after
Note: The # symbol indicates which of the
pickup.
Protection Groups (A to J) is currently being
displayed by CAPM. Inverse time is a protection function in which
the curve has an inverse time characteristic.
Changes to protection groups are put into service See "Inverse Time Protection" (page 44)
as for any other changes to the active protection
Instantaneous Protection is an additional trip
group.Overcurrent Protection
element that will trip the recloser if the line
The CAPM continually samples the current flowing current exceeds the Instantaneous Multiplier
in the secondaries of the current transformers. multiplied by the setting current.
These samples are digitally processed by the
In the case of Inverse Time and Instantaneous
CAPM to monitor line current for the purposes of
Protection the timing sequence initiates when the
overcurrent protection. The phase currents are
signal exceeds the Threshold Current. The
summed digitally to give the earth current for the
Threshold Current is calculated from the setting
purpose of earth fault protection, and NPS current
current and Threshold Multiplier. See "Interactions
for NPS protection. Digital filtering algorithms are
between curve parameters" (page 47). If the
applied to line currents to minimise transient over-
current falls below the threshold current, the time
reach.
to trip freezes and will recommence if the current
The three current transformer currents are also rises back above the threshold current. If the
summed as analogue signals to give the earth (or current falls to below 90% of the setting current for
spill) current. These are sampled and digitally longer than the Fault Reset Time, the protection
processed for the purposes of Sensitive Earth will reset..
1. It is not possible to replicate an existing group to itself i.e.; Protection Group B cannot be copied and saved as Protection
Group B".
43
N-Series
The setting currents are set once for all trips in a To do this, three separate protection setting pages
sequence but other protection parameters (e.g. for each trip in a sequence are provided. Phase,
inverse curve type, multipliers and Reclose times) Earth and NPS Protection each have a dedicated
are set separately for each trip in a reclose page. These pages are shown in Appendix E
sequence. This allows, for example, (page 131). The operation of the different
Instantaneous Protection on the first trip in a protection types is detailed below.
sequence and inverse time protection on
subsequent trips in the sequence.
Inverse Time A variety of inverse time curves are available The parameters that control inverse time
Protection which cause the circuit breaker to trip faster as the protection are:
current rises higher. They are available on phase,
Inverse Curve Type.
NPS and earth with separate setting currents.
Setting Current.
Inverse time curves are implemented in software
in the following way: Time Multiplier.
The current is always monitored. Additional Time.
When it rises above the Threshold Current, the Instantaneous Trip Element.
Time To Trip is calculated and the timing starts. Minimum Time.
This calculation is repeated every few
Maximum Time.
milliseconds in response to changing line
currents. Threshold Multiplier.
When the remaining Time To Trip reaches The Inverse Curve type is set independently for
zero, the trip request is issued. If the current each trip, Work Tag and Single Shot. See
falls below the Threshold Current, Time To Trip "Protection Curves" (page 46).
freezes, and will continue if the current rises
The Setting Current is set for phase, NPS, earth or
back above the Threshold Current. If the
SEF. See "Changes to protection groups are put
current falls below 90%, the fault reset timer
into service as for any other changes to the active
starts and if it expires, the protection timer is
protection group.Overcurrent Protection"
reset. This means the relay will never trip at
(page 43).
currents below the Threshold Current under
inverse time protection. .
Time Multiplier: Set independently for each trip.

Multiplies the time to trip.
Figure 10: Time multiplier, effects on the inverse

curve
44
Protection
Time Multiplier: Set independently for each trip,

sets an Additional Time To Trip which is added to
the inverse curve tripping time.
Figure 11: Additional time, effects on the inverse

curve
An Instantaneous Trip element can be applied

which will trip the circuit breaker if the current
rises above a user set multiple of setting current.
If the Instantaneous Multiplier is set below the
Threshold Current Multiplier then an
Instantaneous Trip will only occur after the line
current exceeds the Threshold Current. See
figure opposite
Figure 12: Instantaneous, effects on the Inverse

curve.
Minimum Time: Set independently for each trip,

sets the Minimum Time To Trip.
Figure 13: Minimum time, effects on the inverse

curve.
45
N-Series
Maximum Time: Sets the Maximum Time To Trip

if the time exceeds the preset limit.
Figure 14: Maximum time, effects on the inverse

curve.
Threshold Multiplier: The Threshold Multiplier is

used to prevent tripping if the current is below the
Threshold Current.
The Threshold Current is the setting current
multiplied by the Threshold Multiplier. See figure
opposite
Figure 15: Threshold element, effects on the

inverse curve.
Protection In total there are 48 inverse protection curves 3 Standard IEEE Std C37.112 curves are
Curves stored in the controllers non-volatile memory. defined in Appendix B (page 113).
42 non-standard Curves are defined in
The available curves are defined in the following Appendix C (page 115).
Appendices:
Any one of the 48 curves can be selected for the
3 Standard IEC255 curves are defined in phase, NPS and earth protection trips 1 to 4,
Appendix A (page 111). Single Shot and Work Tag trips.
User Defined Up to five User Defined Curves may also be If no User Defined Curves have been defined,
Curves selected in the same way as a Protection Curve. or previously defined curves have been
User Defined Curves are configured using deleted, then the text display will show
WSOS. PHASE PROTECTION TRIP NUMBER 1 A:User Curves
Not Set
This is simply to indicate to the user that the User

Defined Curves are available but have not been
defined or down loaded 1.
1. Only one instance of this text will be displayed even though there are potentially five curves available.
46
Protection
Interactions This section describes some of the interactions Time Multiplier.

between curve that can occur between the user selectable Additional Time.
parameters inverse curve parameters. In order to understand Instantaneous Element.
the interactions between the curve settings it is
Maximum Time.
important to know the way the curves are
constructed. The curve settings are applied in the Threshold Current.
following order: Minimum Time
Curve Selected. .
The figure opposite is an example of a protection

curve modified by the instantaneous element and
maximum, minimum times.a
Figure 16: Protection curve modified by minimum,

maximum times and instantaneous element.
The figure opposite is an example of using

Maximum Time, Instantaneous and Threshold
Current multipliers. The Maximum Time is set to
2s, the Instantaneous Multiplier is set to x10, and
the Threshold Current Multiplier is set to x2. In
this example, pickup will occur at the setting
current, the timing sequence will begin at 2 times
the setting current, and the instantaneous trip will
occur at 10 times the setting current.
Figure 17: Interaction between Instantaneous

threshold current and maximum time.
47
N-Series
The figure opposite shows an example of where

the Threshold Current may be used.
Here the coordination is lost at currents to the left
of where the two curves (fuse and IEC_255 inv)
cross. The Threshold Current changes the curve
so that at currents less than, for example, 3 times
the pickup level, the device does not trip.
This allows coordination with the fuse to be
maintained.
Figure 18: Co-ordination between fuse and IEC

255 inverse curve using the threshold current
multiplier.
The figure opposite is an example of the effects

on a composite curve due to an increase in the
setting of the Threshold Current Multiplier.
Part A shows a composite curve which has an
inverse time characteristic modified by Maximum
Time and Instantaneous protection. Also shown
in part A is an example of 3 different levels of
Threshold Current Multiplier, settings: 1, 2 and 3.
Parts B, C and D are the curves resulting from
the Threshold Current Multiplier settings 1, 2, and
3.
Threshold Current has a significant effect on the
protection characteristics and at any one time is
determined by the:
PROTECTION SETTINGS 1 (A....J):Phase/
Earth Threshold page
Cold Load Pickup. See "Single Shot Mode"
(page 60)
Inrush Restraint. See "Lockout Conditions"
(page 59)
Figure 19: Composite curve changes due to

different settings of threshold current multiplier.
a. When instantaneous only protection parameters are selected, Minimum Time To Trip and the Threshold multipliers apply
but the Additional and Maximum times to trip do not.
48
Protection
Definite Time This is available on phase and earth protection as NPS, inrush and cold load), as well as the
Protection an alternative to inverse time Protection. Definite Minimum, Additional and Maximum times do not
Time trips the circuit breaker at a fixed time after apply.
pickup. The Threshold Multipliers (phase, earth,
Sensitive Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) can be set up to be E/F ON, SEF OFF - Earth Fault on and SEF
Earth Fault either available or not available and is a password off.
(SEF) protected feature located in:
E/F ON, SEF ON - Earth Fault on and SEF on.
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 1:SEF Available
E/F OFF will not be available if E/F OFF is set to
This allows the engineer to ensure that SEF Not Allowed. SEF operates as an additional
cannot be turned on at inappropriate locations. definite time element. The Threshold Current
If SEF is available then the operator can turn it on Multipliers, and Minimum, Additional, Maximum
and off from Times do not apply. See "Earth Fault Control"
(page 42)
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1
SEF will cause the circuit breaker to trip when the
without a password, by cycling between the
earth current rises above the SEF trip current
following three settings:
setting for longer than the SEF definite time
E/F OFF, SEF OFF - Earth Fault off and SEF setting. The SEF definite time setting can be set
off. differently for each trip in a reclose sequence.
Loss Of Phase Loss Of Phase (LOP) protection will immediately alarm is registered in the Event Log, via a
Protection trip the circuit breaker and set lockout if phase/ SCADA protocol or via an IOEX output.
earth voltage on one or two phases falls below a Loss Of Phase protection can be configured:
user defined Loss Of Phase voltage threshold for
longer than a user defined Loss Of Phase time. PROTECTION SETTING 4 (A...J):Loss Phase Prot ON/
OFF/Alm
LOP Protection can be set as follows:
In addition, LOP protection will cause a circuit
LOP Off - No action will occur on LOP. breaker on a de-energised feeder to trip and
lockout after the Loss of Phase time should only
LOP On - LOP Protection is active and the one or two phases be re-energised.
ACR will trip if LOP is detected.
When LOP protection trips the recloser the phase
LOP Alarm - LOP Protection is active, but the or phases which caused the trip will be logged in
ACR will not trip if LOP is detected. Instead an the event record.
Under and
Over
Frequency
Protection
(CAPM 5 only)
Frequency Frequency is measured using successive zero The frequency value is updated every 0.5 seconds
Measurement crossings of the U1 Terminal Phase to Earth and averaged over 2.0 seconds. The displayed
voltage. The voltage signal is first passed through value is the measured frequency and is valid
a Low Pass Filter to remove harmonics. whenever the voltage on the U1 Terminal is above
or equal to the Low Voltage Inhibit Threshold
The measured frequency is displayed on the (LVIT).
Measurement Pages. See Appendix F (page 137). When the voltage of the U1 Terminal is below the
LVIT the display will show Freq Unavailable like
A typical measurement display looks like this:
this
- - - - - - SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS - - - - M - - - - - - SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS - - - - M

Frequency 50.6 Hz Power 2479kW Freq Unavailable Power 2479kW
VARs 200kVAR VARs 200kVAR
Power Factor 0.93 Power Factor 0.93
49
N-Series
Under/Over When the measured frequency equals or exceeds around the threshold from causing excessive
Frequency the under or over frequency trip threshold an pickup/reset events.
Tripping Under or Over Frequency Pickup event is If the frequency remains equal to or greater than
generated and a Trip Delay Counter (TDC) is the Under or Over Frequency Threshold for the
started. specified number of cycles, the TDC counts out
and an Under or Over Frequency Trip event is
The Trip Delay Counter is reset and an Under or generated and a Trip Request is issued.
Over Frequency Reset event is generated each Figure 20 (page 50) shows the method of Tripping
time the measured frequency equals or goes and Normal Frequency Closing for Over
below the threshold plus the dead band for any Frequency. The same method applies to Under
period of time. The Frequency dead band is used Frequency only mirrored about the Nominal
to prevent a frequency value that is fluctuating frequency axis.
Figure 20: Over Frequency Detection
If the Normal Frequency Close function is Auto-Reclose does NOT occur after an Under or
switched OFF a Lockout event is generated after Over Frequency Trip.
the trip and the Operator Settings Display shows a
Lockout Status.
Normal The Normal Frequency Close function closes the A Lockout event is not generated when a Normal
Frequency ACR automatically after an Under or Over Frequency Close is ON and the ACR trips on
Close Frequency trip when the frequency has returned to Under or Over Frequency Protection.
normal. For this function to work, the source side
must be connected to the U1 Terminal. The Operator Settings display does not show
Lockout. It remains blank.
The automatic close occurs when:
The ACR tripped due to Under or Over Whilst waiting for the frequency to return to
Frequency Protection. normal, a special title will be flashing on the top
Normal Frequency Close was ON before the line of the operator display
trip occurred and is still ON.
The frequency has returned to be less than or ACR will auto-reclose when frequency normal
equal to the Frequency Normal threshold and
remained less than this threshold plus the
dead band AND the voltage on all three source
side bushings has remained above the LVIT,
for the Normal Frequency Close Time.
The Normal Frequency Close Timing is aborted When the frequency returns to normal status the
every time that the frequency exceeds the Normal flashing title becomes:
Frequency threshold plus the dead band or the
voltage on any of the three source side bushings The XXXX denotes the period of time remaining
has fallen equal to or below the LVIT. before closing occurs. In the final 10 seconds
50
Protection
A Lockout event will be generated if any of the
Freq Normal-ACR will close in xxxx secs following occur whilst the controller is waiting for
the frequency to become normal:
Normal Frequency Close is turned OFF.
Under Frequency Normal setting is changed.
before actually closing the panel will beep to Over Frequency Normal setting is changed.
warn the operator. Normal Frequency Close setting is changed.
The Normal Frequency Close ON/OFF setting Low Voltage Inhibit Threshold setting is
may be controlled either via telemetry protocol or changed.
the configuration page. The Operator Settings page will display Lockout
and the special titles will be removed if any of the
above occur.
Configuration This section details the Under / Over Frequency Configuration Page One
configuration pages on the Operator Control panel The default settings at this page are displayed at
display. They are displayed on the right:
PROTECTION-UNDER/OVER FREQUENCY
PROTECTION - - - - UNDER/OVERFREQUENCYPROTECTION 1 -P
U/F Trip OFF O/F Trip OFF
within the Protection display group. U/F Trip at 49.0Hz after 4cycles
O/F Trip at 52.0Hz after 50cycles
Two configuration pages are available within the
group.
The following table explains each of the above
settings.
UNDER / OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION 1
Field Explanation
U / F Trip ON/OFF This field allows the Under Frequency protection to be enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).
Under Frequency tripping will not occur whilst set to OFF.
U / F Trip at 49.0Hz The frequency value at and below which an Under Frequency Pickup will
occur.
After 4 cycles The number of continuous cycles at and below the Under Frequency
Threshold required before an Under Frequency Trip will occur.
Maximum 1000 Minimum 2
O / F Trip ON/OFF This field allows the Over Frequency protection to be enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).
Over Frequency tripping will not occur whilst set to OFF.
O / F Trip at 52.0Hz The frequency value at and above which an Over Frequency Pickup will
occur.
After 50 cycles The number of continuous cycles at and above the Over Frequency
Threshold required before an Over Frequency Trip will occur.
Maximum 1000 Minimum 2
Under/Over Frequency Protection 1 field descriptions
51
N-Series
Configuration Page Two
- - - - UNDER/OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION 2 P
The default settings at this page are displayed as U/F Normal 49.5Hz O/F Normal 50.5Hz
shown at right:.The following table explains each Low V Inhibit 5000V
Normal Freq Close OFF
of the settings
:
UNDER / OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION 2
Field Explanation
U / F Normal 49.5Hz The frequency at or above which the Frequency is deemed to be Normal.
Maximum 65Hz Minimum 45Hz
O / F Normal 50.5Hz The frequency at or below which the Frequency is deemed to be Normal.
Maximum 65Hz Minimum 45Hz
Low V Inhibit The voltage at or below which the Under / Over Frequency protection will be
disabled.
Maximum 15kV Minimum 2 kV
Normal Freq Close ON/OFF This field controls the use of the Normal Frequency Close feature.
After 60 secs The time that the source voltage must have returned to normal before auto
closing takes place.
Maximum 1000 Minimum 1 seconds
Under/Over Frequency Protection 2 field descriptions
Under and Under/over voltage protection takes periodic 'normal voltage' state and generate under/over
Over Voltage voltage measurements, compares them to voltage pickups, events and trip requests.
Protection thresholds derived from the nominal system
Voltage protection can also be configured to:
voltage and in conjunction with certain voltage
protection configurations, determines if the Automatically close the ACR once the normal
measured voltage(s) maintain a 'normal voltage' voltage state has been restored.
state.
Force 'voltage protection off in the case of
A flexible protection configuration using 'AND','OR' excessive voltage protection sequences.
or 'AVERAGE' logic evaluation is used to sense Force 'normal voltage close off in the case of a
when the measured voltage(s) deviate from the voltage protection recovery timeout.
Measurement NOTE: Before UOV Protection can be put into fall below the 'Live/Dead' threshold then any UOV
service the 'Nominal System (RMS Phase/Earth) protection sequence is 'Reset'.
Voltage' (the system voltage) MUST be known. A
'factory' default value of 6.3kV is set in the Each phase (RMS Phase/Earth) voltage is
controller; this SHOULD be set to the distribution evaluated once every 0.125 Seconds (the
system nominal voltage. measured voltage, a 0.250 Sec sample average).
The measured voltages are assessed individually
UOV Protection is not active unless a phase on against thresholds (Refer 2.4.2.1 Phase Logic).
the designated source side of the switchgear is The Voltage Dead Band (hysteresis) is used to
'LIVE' with respect to the 'Live/Dead' indication prevent a measured voltage value that is
(refer to switchgear technical manual). Should the fluctuating around a threshold from causing
switchgear's designated source side voltages ALL excessive events and timer resets.
Protection UOV Protection monitors switchgear voltages and When the evaluated voltage result deviates
uses the operator configuration (Reference 2.4.9 beyond the under/over Voltage Threshold, UOV
Configuration) to determine what (if any) voltage Protection pickup and events are generated.
protection pickups, events and trip requests are Voltage protection then accumulates the faulted
generated. voltage state against Trip Delay timers and with
other operator settings, determines if a voltage
protection trip request is generated.
52
Protection
Phase Logic When the Over Voltage Pickup event is generated,
Phase Logic controls the method in which the Over Voltage Trip Delay Timer (Refer 2.4.3.2)
measured voltages are evaluated against the is started. If the evaluated voltage falls below the
under/over Voltage Threshold: 'Over Voltage Pickup' threshold minus threshold
dead-band an 'Over Voltage Reset' event is
generated and the 'Over Voltage Trip Delay' timer
AND When all measured phase voltages is reset; ditto for 'Under Voltage'. Note that:
deviate beyond the 'Over Voltage
Threshold' an 'Over Voltage Pickup' The Under and Over Voltage Phase Logic
event is generated, an 'Over Voltage settings can be different.
Pickup' state persists; ditto for 'Under Phase Logic setting has no effect on 'single
Voltage'.
phase' switchgear.
OR If any measured phase voltages deviate Voltage Threshold
beyond the 'Over Voltage Threshold' an
'Over Voltage Pickup' event is generated, The Over Voltage Threshold is expressed as a
an 'Over Voltage Pickup' state persists; percentage of the nominal system voltage.
ditto for 'Under Voltage'.
If the measured voltage(s) and Phase Logic
AVERAGE If the numerical average of all three evaluation results in an Over Voltage Pickup and
measured phase voltages' deviates the pickup state persists continuously for a period
beyond the 'Over Voltage Threshold' an greater than the Over Voltage Trip Delay Timer,
'Over Voltage Pickup' event is generated, and Over Voltage Trip ON/OFF is ON then an
an 'Over Voltage Pickup' state persists; Over Voltage trip request is issued and logged.
ditto for 'Under Voltage'. The same is true for Under Voltage.
Figure 21: Tripping and Normal Voltage Closing for Over Voltage
Tripping Trip ON/OFF Trip Delay Timer

Either under or over voltage protection tripping can The time delay between an Over Voltage Pickup
be independently turned ON or OFF. and when an Over Voltage Trip request takes
place should the Over Voltage Pickup persist for
The voltage thresholds are used by over under/
the whole of the Over Voltage Trip Delay time and
voltage protection to determine normal voltage
Over Voltage Trip is ON; ditto for Under Voltage.
range even when Under Voltage Trip or Over
Voltage Trip is set to OFF.
53
N-Series
Normal Voltage UOV Protection can be configured so that When Normal Voltage Close is ON and a UOV
subsequent to an UOV Protection trip the Protection trip occurs, no lockout event is
controller waits for voltages to return to a 'Normal generated and the OCPM display does not show
Voltage' state and after remaining in that state Lockout, it shows a blank. If Normal Voltage Close
continuously for a configured time period UOV is OFF subsequent to a UOV Protection trip and
Protection will automatically close the switchgear. the switchgear has not yet Normal Voltage closed,
then a lockout event will be generated, the OCPM
While waiting for Normal Voltages, and if Normal
OPERATOR SETTINGS page will display Lockout
Voltage Close is ON, a special Alert title will be
and the Alert title lines will be removed.
flashed on the top line of the operator display
(OCPM): Normal Voltage Threshold
ACR will auto-close when Voltage Normal The under and over normal voltage threshold's are
expressed as percentages of the system voltage
If the voltages have returned to normal the Alert and denote the Normal Voltage range upper and
title becomes, lower bounds (dead-bands withstanding). When
Volt Normal - ACR will close in xxxx secs the evaluated voltages and phase logic result is
within these bounds (plus dead-bands) UOV
The 'xxxx' is the remaining time before closing. In Protection is in the 'Normal Voltage' state.
the last 10 seconds before the automatic close the
panel will sound a one second periodic beep as a All measured voltages must be within the normal
warning to the operator. voltage threshold 'range' for UOV protection to
gain the 'Normal Voltage' state, after which the
Normal Voltage Close ON/OFF normal voltage threshold dead-bands become
Normal Voltage Close ON enables the controller's effective in determining if the measured voltages
normal voltage close functionality, the ACR have deviated from 'Normal Voltage' state.
automatically closes after a trip when: Normal Voltage Close Delay
The most recent trip is an UOV Protection trip The Normal Voltage Close Delay timer starts
Normal Voltage Close was ON before the UOV timing subsequent to a UOV Protection trip when
trip and is still ON the measured voltages have returned to a Normal
Voltage state and Normal Voltage Close ON/OFF
The switchgear source side voltages have is ON. The timer is reset whenever the evaluated
returned to a Normal Voltage state voltages deviate from the 'Normal Voltage' state. A
AND the Normal Voltage state has persisted UOV Protection close request is generated when
for the duration of the Normal Voltage Close the timer equals the configured normal voltage
Delay time period. close delay time.
Settings If any of the following settings change during an Excess Sequence Time
Change UOV Protection sequence, the sequence will be Excess Sequence Threshold
aborted and if the switchgear was voltage
protection tripped, the switchgear state will also go Recovery Time
to Lockout: Load/source designation
Normal Voltage Close Protection OFF
Normal Voltage Close time delay Active Protection Group
Voltage thresholds (normal or pickup)
NOTE: If the switchgear is open and then Normal
Phase Logic Voltage Close is set ON, an automatic Close will
Under/Over Voltage Trip ON/OFF NOT occur, even if the most recent trip was a UOV
Under/Over Voltage Trip Delay Protection trip.
Excess Voltage If the number of Voltage Protection sequences An Excess Voltage Protection Sequence event
Protection equals the excess sequence count threshold occurs after a Normal Voltage Close. The
Sequences within the voltage sequence count accumulation switchgear will be in the CLOSED position and the
period, then Voltage Protection will be effectively Under Voltage Trip, Over Voltage Trip and Normal
disabled by forcing the Under Voltage Trip, Over Voltage Close settings will be OFF.
Voltage Trip and Normal Voltage Close settings to
OFF.
Voltage If Normal Voltage Close ON/OFF is ON and the equal to the Normal Recovery period then Normal
Protection switchgear does NOT Normal Voltage close Voltage Close will be forced to OFF and the
Recovery subsequent to a UOV Protection trip in less than or switchgear goes to Lockout.
Timeout
54
Protection
Single Sided If UOV Protection is Available on the controller and side has the CVTs fitted then UOV Protection
CVT Switchgear the attached switchgear is only fitted with CVTs to Normal Voltage Close will be forced to OFF and if
one side and if the controllers Source/Load the switchgear is in a UOV Protection tripped
designation is set such that the Load designated state, then the switchgear will go to Lockout.
Configuration Configuration of voltage protection can be UOV protection is made available with Status
achieved via WSOS and OCPM interfaces. menu OCPM page OPTIONS 3.
UOV Available/Not Available ---------------- OPTIONS 3 ----------S
APGS Allowed APGS Change 60s
ACO Not Available RDI Not Available
Aux Supply Evts ON UOV Not Available
OPTIONS 3 S
APGS Allowed P APGS Change 60s P

APGS Not Allowed
ACO Available P RDI Available P

ACO Not Available RDI Not Available
Aux Supply Evts ON P UOV Available P

Aux Supply Evts OFF UOV Not Available
Default Settings PROTECTION panel pages with the Protection

OCPM Voltage Protection settings are displayed with the following fields:
and configured with the UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
SETTING: DEFAULT:
U/V Trip on/off OFF
U/V Pickup threshold 80%
U/V Trip Delay time 20.0 Sec
U/V Normal threshold 80%
O/V Trip on/off OFF
O/V Pickup threshold 120%
O/V Trip Delay time 10.0 Sec
O/V Normal threshold 110%
Voltage Normal - Close on/off OFF
Voltage Normal - Close delay 10 Sec
Sequence count excess threshold.(DISABLED) 0
Within last (Sequence count accumulation period. DISABLED) 0 Min
Recovery TO (DISABLED) 0 Sec
UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION 1

The first display page of the Under/Over Voltage
with the default settings:.
-----UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION 1 -----P

U/V Trip OFF O/V Trip OFF
U/V Trip at 80% after 20.0Sec
O/V Trip at 120% after 10.0Se
55
N-Series
Under/Over Voltage Protection 1 P
O/V Trip OFF P O/V Trip OFF P

O/V Trip ON O/V Trip ON
U/V Trip at 80% P After 20.0 Sec P
O/V Trip at 120% P After 10.0 Sec P
The settings given above are explained in the

following table:
Field Description
U/V Trip This field allows Under Voltage protection trips to be enabled (ON) or disabled
(OFF). When this is set to OFF no Under Voltage Tripping will occur.
Range: ON/OFF
Factory Default: OFF
O/V Trip This field allows Over Voltage protection trips to be enabled (ON) or disabled
(OFF). When this is set to OFF no Over Voltage Tripping will occur
Range: ON/OFF
U/V Pickup threshold The percentage of the elected Nominal System voltage at which the measured
voltage will initiate an 'Under Voltage' pickup.
Range: 50-100%
Factory Default: 80%
(U/V Trip delay) After - Sec The definite time required for the measured voltage to remain at or below the
Under Voltage Pickup threshold (dead-band withstanding) before an Under
Voltage Trip request is generated.
Range: 0-60Sec
Factory Default: 200Sec
O/V Pickup threshold The percentage of the elected Nominal System voltage at which the measured
voltage will initiate an 'Over Voltage' pickup.
Range: 100-150%
(O/V Trip delay) After - Sec The definite time required for the measured voltage to remain at or above the
Over Voltage Pickup threshold (dead-band withstanding) before an Over
Voltage Trip request is generated.
Range: 0-60Sec
Factory Default: 10

The second display page of the Under/Over
Voltage settings looks like this with default
settings:.
-----UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION 2 -----P

U/V Normal 90% O/V Normal 110%
Norm Volt Close OFF after 60Sec
Nom P-E 6.3kV
U/V Normal 90% P O/V Normal 110% P
Norm Volt Closet OFF P After 60.0 Sec P

Norm Volt Closet ON
Nom P-E 6.3 kV P
56
Protection
following table:
Field Description
U/V Normal Designates the lower bound of the 'Normal Voltage' range
Range:50-100%
O/V Normal Designates the upper bound of the 'Normal Voltage' range
Range:100-150%
Norm Volt Close Enables/disables voltage protections Normal Voltage Close feature.
Range: ON/OFF
(Normal Voltage close delay) The delay time between a continuous 'Normal Voltage' state and a Normal
After - Sec Voltage close request being generated.
Range:1-1000Sec
Nom P-E Nominal (Phase to Earth) system voltage.

Range:2.0kV-25.0kV
Factory Default: 6.3Kv
NOTE: The four UOV threshold field settings (U/V U/V Normal threshold and O/V Normal threshold
Pickup threshold, O/V Pickup threshold, U/V always differ by an amount greater than or equal
Normal, O/V Normal) are interdependent in the to the 'Dead-band' (2.0%) amount.
following manner:
Under Voltage thresholds are restricted to a
setting value of 50 to 100 percent. The third display page of the Under/Over Voltage
settings looks like this with default settings.
U/V Pickup threshold is always less than U/V
Normal threshold by at least the 'Dead-band' ----- UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION 3 ----P
(2.0%) amount. U/V Phase AVERAGE O/V Phase AVERAGE
Sequence excess 0 within last 0Min
Over Voltage thresholds are limited to a setting Recovery TO 0Sec
value of 100 to 150 percent.
O/V Pickup threshold is always greater than O/
V Normal threshold by at least the 'Dead-band'
(2.0%) amount.
U/V Phase Logic AND P O/V Phase Logic AND P

U/V Phase Logic OR O/V Phase Logic OR
U/V Phase AVERAGE O/V Phase AVERAGE
sequence excess 0 P Within last 0 Min P
Recovery to 0 Sec P

following table:
Field Description
U/V Phase (Logic) Selects method used to evaluate measured voltage against voltage thresholds
to assess the 'Normal Voltage' state.
Range: AND, OR,, AVERAGE.
Factory Default: AVERAGE.
O/V Phase (Logic) Selects method used to evaluate measured voltage against voltage thresholds
to assess the 'Normal Voltage' state.
Range: AND, OR AVERAGE.
Factory Default: AVERAGE.
57
N-Series
Field Description
Sequence Excess Excess voltage protection sequence count threshold

Range:0-20
Factory Default: 0
Within last The accumulation period for excess 'Voltage Protection' sequences.
- A zero value disables accumulation and clears any accumulated Sequence
time stamps.
Range:0-2880Min
Factory Default: 0Min
Recover To A time period in seconds for a UOV Protection sequence to be completed.

- A zero value inhibits recovery timeouts.
- A minimum setting zero (0) or a value greater than 'Normal Close' delay time
applies.
Range:0-1000Sec
Live Load When Live Load Blocking is selected from:

Blocking PROTECTION SETTING 3 (A...J):Live Load Block ON PROTECTION SETTING 3 (A...J):Live Load Block OFF/
ON
is selected, all close requests will be disregarded if
any load side terminal is live. Live Load Blocking uses the Live Terminal
Threshold set on:
SYSTEM STATUS-PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER
FLOW:LIVE if 2000V
Auto-Reclose When The number of NPS trips to lockout (if NPS is

on).
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Auto-
Reclose ON All protection trips in a sequence (including SEF)
increment a Protection Trip Counter (PTC) which
is selected, the controller will automatically
causes the protection to go to lockout once the
reclose following a protection trip.
total protection trips to lockout value is reached.
The user set delay between trip and reclose is SEF trips anywhere in a sequence increment a
called the reclose time and can be set differently different counter which causes the protection to go
for each trip in a sequence. If the fault persists the to lockout once the number of SEF trips to
circuit breaker will trip again under protection. This lockout value is reached.
will happen a number of times, until the fault is
cleared or the protection relay reaches the end of For example, protection can be set for 4 total
the defined reclose sequence. At this point the protection trips to lockout and 2 SEF trips to
circuit breaker remains open and will not reclose lockout. This would mean that if any two trips in a
automatically. This is known as lockout and the sequence were SEF trips then the protection will
circuit breaker can only be closed by local or go to lockout. If number of SEF Trips to lockout is
remote operator command, which clears the set to 1 then an SEF trip anywhere in the
lockout condition. sequence will cause lockout.
If Similarly NPS protection trips, anywhere in a
sequence, also increment a different counter
Reclose OFF
which causes the protection to go to Lockout once
the number of NPS trips to Lockout value is
When Auto-Reclose is off then no reclose takes exceeded.
place and the controller goes directly to lockout
Lockout occurs when any one of the counters
after a protection trip. See "Single Shot Mode"
expires.
(page 60)
To control the number of trips in a reclose Be aware that it is the PTC that determines which
sequence, three parameters must be set: set of protection settings is in force, not the SEF or
NPS trip counters. If, for example, the third trip in
The total protection trips to lockout. the sequence is the second SEF trip, the circuit
The number of SEF trips to lockout (if SEF is breaker will have operated on the settings of earth
available). protection trip number 3.
58
Protection
The bottom left field on the In other words, this display shows the status of the
protection trip counter.
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1
page shows what is happening during a reclose When the circuit breaker is open and the
sequence. protection is in lockout it shows lockout". When
The display is normally blank when the circuit the circuit breaker is closed by an operator the
breaker is closed but when a reclose sequence is display blanks to show that lockout is cleared. This
in progress it shows Reclose 1after the first display is very useful when performing current
reclose, Reclose 2after the second reclose etc. injection testing.
Sequence A Sequence Reset Timer is used to reset the timer at zero. The timer restarts when the fault has
Reset reclose sequence counters to zero so the next been cleared. The sequence reset timer expires
fault starts again at Trip 1. It starts timing when the when it reaches the user set sequence reset time.
circuit breaker is closed automatically. This means A Sequence Reset event is then logged.
the sequence reset time usually starts at the end
The Sequence Reset Time (also known as
of the reclose time after an Auto-Reclose.
Reclaim Time) is set on:
However, if the fault is still present the protection
will pick-up again and hold the sequence reset PROTECTION SETTING 2 (A...J):Seq Reset Time 30s
Lockout Lockout is set by any kind of manual trip, either by When the SEF trip number reaches the preset
Conditions using the TRIP button on the operator control number of SEF trips in Auto-Reclose Mode.
panel, the mechanical trip lever on the side of the When the NPS trip number reaches the preset
circuit breaker or by remote operator trip.
number of NPS trips in Auto-Reclose Mode.
Lockout will also occur after the following events: When High Current Lockout has occurred.
NPS protection trips to Lockout. See "High Current Lockout" (page 59).
After a trip, when the controller is in Single Loss of Phase protection trip.
Shot mode. See "Single Shot Mode" Under/Over Frequency1 protection trip. See
(page 60). "Normal Frequency Close" (page 50).
After a trip, when the Work Tag is applied. After a trip when controller is in low power
When the protection trip counter reaches the mode.
preset number of trips in Auto-Reclose Mode. Mechanism failed in an open position.
High Current If a trip occurs and the measured maximum fault and only applies during the preset
Lockout current exceeds the High Current Lockout setting,
PROTECTION SETTING 4 (A...J):Activation Trip 1
the controller goes directly to lockout and will not
reclose. A High Current Lockout will occur when a or one of the subsequent trips in a sequence.
trip occurs caused by current above the High
Current Lockout setting. High Current Lockout can occur when Single Shot
Mode is active or when closing onto a fault by an
High Current Lockout is enabled on: operator. In both of these situations the controller
PROTECTION SETTING 4 (A...J):High Current Lockout
would have gone to lockout anyway without high
OFF/ON current lockout being triggered. The difference is
that if High Current Lockout was triggered an
event will be recorded in the event log as extra
information for fault analysis.
Low Gas This protection function is selectable via: When switched ON, this feature disables the
Lockout switch mechanism if the gas pressure in the switch
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 1:Gas Low Lockout ON/OFF
tank becomes lower than the pre-set limit by
blocking any Trip or Close signals from the
controller.
Dead Lockout This protection function may be selected via: When Dead Lockout is ON the circuit breaker will
not re-close unless one or more of the source side
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 2:Dead Lockout ON/OFF
1. This is a CAPM 5 feature only
59
N-Series
or load side terminals are live. If all the terminals
are dead then the controller goes to lockout.
Single Shot Single Shot Mode is used to provide an When Single Shot Mode is active, it is displayed in
Mode appropriate protection curve when non-reclosing SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Single Shot
operation is required, for example, when closing Active
onto a fault.
The Earth, NPS and Phase Single Shot
In Single Shot Mode the controller goes directly to
Protection trip settings can be selected individually
lockout after one trip and will not Auto-Reclose.
via separate protection pages. Each page is
Single Shot Mode is activated when: similar to the normal protection trip page.
Auto-Reclose is turned off, and Work Tag is not When Single Shot Mode is active the values set
applied. on the relevant Earth/Phase/NPS protection page
The circuit breaker is closed by operator are used.
command irrespective of the state of Auto- When Single Shot Mode de-activates, protection
Reclose. reverts to the fully programmed sequence.1
Single Shot Mode is de-activated when: A trip in Single Shot Mode generates a single
shot event, preceded by the Active Protection
Auto-Reclose is turned back on, Group and the type of Protection trip. The Single
Work Tag is not active, and the Single Shot Shot reset time is set at:
Timer expires without a protection pickup
occurring (see below). PROTECTION SETTING 2 (A...J)
Single Shot This timer starts when the circuit breaker closes If a protection pickup occurs whilst timing, the
Timer and runs for the preset number of seconds:. timer is reset to zero and held there while pickup is
active. A protection reset will restart the timer
PROTECTION SETTING 2 (A...J):SS Reset Time 1s provided it has not already timed out.
When set to zero, auto-reclosing will always be
This may be disabled by setting the Single Shot
enabled while the operator command:
reset time to zero.
Single Shot remains active while the timer is Reclose ON
counting i.e.; a protection trip will result in a lockout is set. This means that Single Shot Mode does not
without reclosing. The time to trip setting may be activate after an operator or automation close
longer than the Single Shot Reset Time. command.
Inrush When closing onto a typical load there is always a When the load current at a later time becomes
Restraint short lived inrush current caused by, for example, non-zero (either through the circuit breaker being
transformer magnetisation currents, low resistance closed or some upstream or downstream device
lamp filaments and motors starting. The purpose being closed) the Inrush Restraint is activated
of Inrush Restraint is to prevent the circuit breaker and the Inrush Multiplier is used in place of the
from tripping when inrush current occurs. Threshold Current Multiplier for the required time.
Inrush restraint works by raising the phase and
When cold load pickup is turned on the multiplier
earth Threshold Currents for a short period of time
used for inrush will always be the higher of the
to allow the inrush to flow. The inrush time and Inrush Multiplier and the Cold Load Multiplier.
multiplier settings are specified on:
Inrush Restraint affects Phase, earth and NPS
PROTECTION SETTING 5 (A...J)
protection, but does not apply to Definite Time or
Typical values would be 200ms with a multiplier of SEF.
5.
If normal currents are expected to drop below 2.5A
Inrush Restraint is armed for operation whenever then Inrush Restraint cannot be used. In this case
the load current goes to zero (zero current is Inrush Restraint should be turned off.
defined as all three phase currents less than 2.5
Amp). For example, when the load is dropped Inrush Restraint parameters are set on:
either by the circuit breaker itself, or by an
upstream or downstream circuit breaker. PROTECTION SETTING 5 (A...J)
1. The circuit breaker can be closed or Auto-Reclose can be turned on/off by a number of sources (from the Control Panel, by a
telemetry command, by WSOS command or by IOEX command). Single Shot is activated/de-activated irrespective of the source
of the control.
60
Protection
For Inrush Restraint to be effective, the Inrush

Multiplier must be larger than the Threshold
Current Multiplier.The figure opposite shows an
example of the inrush settings applied to an
inverse curve. In this example, the Threshold
Current Multiplier is set to x1.1, the
Instantaneous Multiplier is set to x10, the Inrush
Multiplier is set to x5 and the Inrush Time is set to
0.5 second. After a close, for the first 0.5 second,
the Threshold Current increases to 5 times
setting current. It then drops back to the original
setting of 1.1 times the setting current once the
Inrush Time is complete.
Under these circumstances the instantaneous
trip current value does not change. If, on the
other hand, the Instantaneous Multiplier was set
to x4 then during the Inrush Time an
instantaneous trip would not have occurred until
the line current exceeded 5 times the setting
current.
Figure 22: Effect of inrush current settings on a

protection curve
Cold Load When a typical load has been without supply for a hold the load without tripping. It works by timing
Pickup (CLP) period of time (hours) it loses its diversity. the loss of supply to the load and then raising the
When power is restored the load is higher than threshold current accordingly.
usual because all the heater, refrigerator or air The user specifies a multiplier and a time. The
conditioner thermostats have turned on. The controller detects when load current is zero (see
longer the period without supply the greater the Inrush Restraint) and starts a timer called the
loss of diversity and the higher the load current Operational Cold Load Time. Using this timer, an
when supply is restored. Operational Cold Load Multiplier is calculated
The purpose of the Cold Load Pickup feature is to using the following formula:
allow for this loss of diversity automatically and
Operational Cold Load Time

Operational Cold Load Mult' = 1 + x (User Set Cold Load Mult' - 1)
User Set Cold Load Time
The Operational Cold Load Multiplier is used to currents also reduce back to their values. Note
modify the phase and earth Threshold Current that the rate of increase and decrease of threshold
Multipliers. currents is the same.
Therefore the phase and earth protection In this way, lost load diversity is automatically
thresholds will increase at a rate specified by the compensated for. It doesn't matter where the
customer when the load is turned off but only up current was turned off (e.g. at the substation or at
to the User Set Cold Load Multiplier. The controller the recloser) the compensation will still work.
calculates the new thresholds every minute.
For example, if the User Set Cold Load Time is 2 The User Set Cold Load Time and the User
hours, the User Set Cold Load Multiplier is x2 and Set Cold Load Multiplier are set on:
the current has been off for 1 hour, then the PROTECTION SETTING 5 (A...J)
Operational Cold Load Time is 1 hour.
Consequently the phase and earth thresholds are The Operational Cold Load Multiplier will not
increased to equal the Operational Cold Load go above the user set Cold Load Multiplier or
Multiplier of 1.5. below the user set thresholds on:
Once load current is restored the Operational Cold PROTECTION SETTING 1 (A...J)
Load Timer starts to count down. This means that
the Operational Cold Load Multiplier reduces back On power up the load is assumed to be
to 1 and hence the phase and earth threshold diverse, i.e. the Operational Cold Load Time is
61
N-Series
zeroed and Cold Load IDLE will be High Current Lockout and Definite Time
displayed. settings are not affected.
Cold Load affects phase and earth protection Cold Load Pickup cannot be used if normal
thresholds including instantaneous but not currents are expected to drop below 2.5A and
SEF. should be turned off.
Cold Load
Pickup Example
The figure opposite is an example of the Cold
Load settings applied to an inverse curve. In this
example, the Threshold Current Multiplier is set
to x1.1, the Instantaneous Multiplier is set to
x1.75, the Cold Load Multiplier is set to x2 and
the Cold Load time is set to 2 hours.
Part A indicates how the Current Multiplier will
vary according to the length of time the line
current is turned off and then restored.
Part B indicates the original protection curve.
Part C indicates the protection curve that is
constructed for use when the line current is first
restored and the Current Multiplier corresponds
to 2 times the setting current. Note that in this
case an Instantaneous Trip will not occur until the
line current exceeds 2 times the setting current.
Part D indicates the protection curve that is
constructed for use when the line current has
been restored for 1 hour. This corresponds to a
Current Multiplier of 1.5 times the setting
current. Note that an Instantaneous Trip will
now occur at the set value of 1.75 times the
setting current. After the power has been
restored for 1.8 hours the Cold Load
Multiplier will revert back to the original
Threshold Multiplier settings and the protection
curve will be as in Part B.
Figure 23: Cold Load multiplier (CLM) settings

applied to protection curves
Cold Load The operational status of the cold load pickup is because the load current is on and the
Pickup Status shown in: Operational Cold Load Time is zero. This is the
Display normal condition.
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 2:Cold Load
Cold Load NO CHANGE.
This can show the following states:
Cold Load MAX.
Cold Load OFF: Cold load pickup has been
configured OFF in the currently active CLP 60min X1.5mult (for example). The
protection group, no operator control of Cold display shows the Operational Cold Load Time
Load Pickup is possible. and Multiplier. This affects the protection
Cold Load IDLE: Cold Load Pickup is thresholds. In this example the Operational
configured ON but Cold Load Pickup is not Cold Load Time is 60mins and the Multiplier is
affecting the thresholds. This is probably 1.5.
62
Protection
Operator When Cold Load Pickup is configured ON at the Set the Operational Cold Load Time and
Control of Cold currently active protection group it can be further Multiplier to a desired value. Note that the
Load Pickup controlled by using SELECT, and the keys. Operational Cold Load Time will then increase
SELECT, and the keys enable the following: or decrease depending on whether the load
current is OFF or ON.
Zero the Operational Cold Load Time. Note
that if the load current is off the Operational
Cold Load Time will start to increase.
Sequence Sequence control causes the circuit breaker to settings and will now trip. This situation would
Control step to the next count in the reclose sequence on result in unnecessary loss of supply to the load
reset of all protection elements whether or not the connected to the first recloser.
circuit breaker tripped. The sequence will only
This problem is overcome by setting Sequence
advance if Auto Reclose is on and the Single Shot
control on in the circuit breaker nearest to the
Timer has timed out.
primary substation. When Sequence control is on,
Consider a situation where there are two circuit the circuit breaker steps onto the next stage in the
breakers in a feeder. Both are programmed for fast protection trip sequence after it has seen a fault
tripping on the first trip and slow tripping on the whether it tripped or not. In this way an upstream
second trip in order to co-ordinate with fuses on circuit breaker will keep its sequence coordinated
the spur lines. Suppose there is a fault with a downstream circuit breaker. If the fault is
downstream of the second circuit breaker which is cleared the trip count will reset back to zero after
big enough to be picked up by the first circuit the sequence reset time in the normal way.
breaker as well. The circuit breaker closest to the
The SEF counter is also coordinated with the
fault trips, steps onto the second set of protection
downstream circuit breaker and will increment if its
settings which is a slow trip and then recloses. If
element has picked up.
the fault has not been cleared the circuit breaker
nearest to the substation is still on its fast trip
Automatic Sometimes a circuit breaker is used at a location of protection settings to compensate for a change
Protection in a supply network where the power flow can be in power flow when changing the network
Group in either direction depending on the configuration configuration. Emergency switching configurations
Selection of the rest of the network. may require more than one pair of Protection
One example of this is a network tie point where Groups.
the operator may have to select a different group
Enabling Automatic Protection Group Selection (APGS) APGS is then enabled by selecting:
Automatic allows the appropriate Protection Group to be SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Protection
Selection selected automatically without the need for Auto
operator intervention. It works by automatically
The operator display will indicate the currently
changing between Protection Groups depending
active set by displaying::
on the direction of power flow.
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Auto A to
APGS is made available by setting: J Active
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 3:APGS Allowed On power down, the controller saves the current
status of Protection Auto and uses that status to
Either the Primary or Alternate Group required determine the active Protection Group on power
is selected. up.
Disabling APGS is turned OFF (disabled) either by: Setting:

Automatic A change of power flow configuration. SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 3:APGS Not Allowed
Selection Selecting a Protection Group other than
SYSTEM STATUS-OPERATOR SETTINGS 1:Protection
Auto
Selection Rules When the APGS feature is enabled, the active There may be a maximum of five pairs of
Protection Group is automatically selected in APGS Protection Groups: A&B, C&D, E&F,
accordance with the following rules: G&H and I&J. Each pair comprises a Primary
63
N-Series
Protection Group and Alternate Protection For APGS to generate a change, from Primary
Group respectively. to Alternate Protection Group, the power flow
The number of APGS pairs depends on how must be greater than 50kW in the negative
many protection sets are selected to be direction (load to source) for longer than the
available. Where an odd number of Protection period set on
Groups have been selected the last group SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 3:Auto Change Time 60s
does not participate in APGS. Protection Auto
can not be selected if this last group is active. To revert to the Primary Protection Group the
power flow must be greater than 50 kW in the
When the power flow is in the positive
positive direction (source to load) for longer
direction (source to load) Primary Protection
than the period set on
Group A, C, E, G or I is used.
When the power flow is in the negative SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 3:APGS Not Allowed
direction (load to source) Alternate Protection
Group B, D, F, H or J is used.
Fail to Operate If the circuit breaker fails to trip under protection, a pickup/protection trip sequence occurs the circuit
Under mechanism fail will be logged in the event record breaker will then attempt another trip.
Protection and no further trip attempts will occur until all the If the recloser fails to Auto Reclose then the relay
protection elements have reset. When the next goes to lockout.
Directional When Directional Protection is enabled, each one operates for faults in the forward direction and
Protection overcurrent element has two groups of settings, one operates for faults in the reverse direction.
Determining The ADVC monitors the phase angle between This time penalty is approximately 25ms for all
Direction voltage and current per phase in order to elements (Phase, Earth SEF and NPS) and will be
determine the direction of power flow through the present for all types of over current protection. This
recloser. timing takes place concurrently with protection
timing.
This means that when a fault is detected, the Nu-Lec N series reclosers utilize the bushing
protection can determine on which side of the designations U1,U2,V1,V2, W1 & W2. (The 2 side
recloser the fault occurred. is the side to which the pole mounting bracket is
fitted.) Either side can be designated load or
Different protection settings can be applied to source at: PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER FLOW:
determine the pickup current and time to trip Source, Load on the control panel or via the
depending on which side of the recloser the fault measurement page on WSOS5. Fault current
has occurred. flowing from source to load is considered a
forward fault and fault current flowing from load to
Because the direction of a fault needs to be source as a reverse fault. It is essential to take
determined before the correct settings can be account of the physical orientation of the breaker
applied there is a minimum time that can be before determining configuration of source and
applied. load.
Protection When Directional Protection is ON, there are two The pair of protection groups that become active
Groups protection groups active. A/B, C/D, E/F, G/H or I/J. when Directional Protection is turned on depends
on which group was active at the time.
The first of these groups is known as the Forward If Directional Protection is turned on when
protection group and the other is the Reverse protection group A is active, then groups A and B
protection group e.g. if C/D are active, C is become active.
Forward and D is Reverse.
The two active protection groups (Forward and
The ADVC monitors the pickup settings for both Reverse) can be configured differently. This
protection groups. Initially, when a pickup is means that the pickup current and time to trip for a
given fault can be different.
detected, the direction of the fault is not known and
a delay of 25ms occurs before the fault direction is Also the ADVC can coordinate with different
determined. Once the direction of the fault is upstream devices depending on which direction
known, and the pickup is active for that direction, a the fault current is flowing.
pickup, either forward or reverse, is reported.
64
Protection
Directional Directional blocking is an optional protection protection facilities. Both would be set to trip for
Blocking feature that restricts tripping on faults to a faults in the reverse direction with power flow from
designated side of the ACR. Only one time-current load to source but to block if the power flow is in
curve is used. At the time of the trip, the direction the forward direction from source to load. A fault
of the fault is tested and tripping or blocking occurs
between S1 and L1 would mean that S1 would
as per the operator setup. If this option is not
available on your controller, contact your see fault current, S2 would see fault current L2
distributor. would see fault current from source to load and
would block. L1 would also see fault current,
Directional blocking has traditionally been used on
simple interconnected primary network schemes flowing from load to source, due to the in feed from
as per Figure 24 (page 65) to secure supplies to S2. L1 would be set to trip faster than S2. In this
important loads. In this simplistic case, ACRs L1 instance L1and S1 would both trip to Isolate the
and L2 would be fitted with directional blocking fault. Supply would be maintained to the load.
Figure 24: Sample Fault Situation
Radial systems use Directional Blocking to fault current, due to a line fault, is solely generated
prevent nuisance tripping if particular network due to the line capacitance. There will also be an
conditions are causing false earth faults. In this in-feed from adjacent circuits supplied from the
case directional blocking can prevent nuisance
same substation bus bar. The direction of current
tripping by blocking faults in the source direction
and only responding to faults in the load direction. flow as seen by the ACRs connected to the bus
This is particularly relevant on systems where the bar will be different on the un faulted circuits to the
neutral is not earthed. In this instance the earth faulted circuit.
Characteristic CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE Phase

Angle Earth and SEF
Negative Phase Sequence
Figure 26: Earth/SEF directional protection
Setting a positive phase characteristic angle of 45

degrees means that it has been calculated using
the network parameters that a phase fault will
Figure 25: Characteristic Angle cause a fault current that leads the phase voltage
by 45 degrees.
In order to correctly resolve fault direction it is During an actual fault, the angle of the fault current
necessary for the network characteristic angles to may vary from this calculated angle due to arc
be known. Angles must be set for: resistance or other external current paths.
65
N-Series
Any fault current angle that falls within +/- 90 as the nature of the short-circuit - solid or arcing,
degrees of the calculated value will be recognised fault impedance and earth resistance).
as a forward fault. In this case any angle between - The expected characteristic Angle will be
45 and 135 degrees. approximately:
Any fault currents outside this range will be in the Minus 90 for systems with unearthed neutrals.
reverse fault region indicating a reverse fault.
For typical solidly or impedance earthed medium
Consider the phasor diagrams in at left for an voltage distribution networks the residual current
earthed neutral system with a single resistive lags the residual voltage by more than 180. This
phase to earth fault on the A-phase. is of course equivalent to leading the voltage by
less than 180.
The voltage on the A-phase is reduced and the
residual voltage phasor is as shown. The current The expected characteristic Angle will be
in the A-phase is increased and the residual approximately:
phasor (earth current) is as shown. Plus 135 deg for systems with solidly or
The characteristic angle of this hypothetical fault is impedance earthed transformer neutrals.
180 degrees, that is the current is 180 degrees out The user sets the characteristic angle to define the
of phase with voltage. Therefore if this situation forward and reverse fault regions for the network
applied for single phase earthed faults in the and then determines in which region the protection
network the earth characteristic angle would be is going to trip or block. The characteristic angle is
set for -180 degrees using the Directional set using the PROTECTION SETTINGS:
Blocking 2: Earth Characteristic Angle -180 Deg Directional Blocking 2: Phase Characteristic
parameter. Angle 45 Deg parameter.
The characteristic angle of the earth fault is Tripping/Blocking directions are set separately for
determined by the network characteristics (line Phase, Earth and SEF Protection. See
resistance and reactance, neutral earthing "Parameters to be Configured" (page 68) for
arrangement) and the fault characteristics (such details of setting up directional blocking.
Phase When phase overcurrent protection picks up, the tripping, reverse tripping or both forward and
Directional controller determines the phase relationship of the reverse tripping (i.e. non-directional).
Blocking voltage and current phasors for the faulted phases The ADVC needs a polarising voltage to
taking account of the characteristic angle to determine the direction of the fault. If there is a
determine the direction of the power flow. bolted phase fault on the terminals of the ACR
there may not be sufficient voltage to determine
If directional blocking is selected for the faulted
direction. In this case whether the trip is blocked or
direction, then the trip is blocked and no trip takes
armed is determined by PROTECTION
place. The device will pick up and the trip timer will
SETTINGS: Directional Blocking 1: Low V Block
be decremented for a fault in the blocked region
ON
however the trip will be inhibited.
Setting Low V Block ON will block trips for low
The direction is selected on PROTECTION voltages. Setting Low V Block OFF will trip for
SETTINGS: Directional Blocking 1: Phase Trip faults in either direction irrespective of the
Fwd. This parameter can be set for forward direction if the voltage is low.
Earth/SEF Earth and SEF protection operate in a similar then the trip is either blocked or armed depending
Directional manner to phase directional protection, except that on the corresponding setting of
Blocking the fault direction is determined using earth current PROTECTION SETTINGS: Directional Blocking 1:
and the zero phase sequence voltage. Low Vzps Block ON.
The Earth and SEF elements can be It is important to determine the actual
independently set to trip for faults in the forward or earth fault characteristic angle for the
reverse direction or in both directions on network and set this parameter
PROTECTION SETTINGS: Directional Blocking 1. accordingly.
For SEF protection the fault is likely to be of a high Setting Low VZPS Block ON will block trips for low
impedance and the zero sequence voltage may be voltages. Setting Low Vzps Block OFF will trip
much lower, particularly in earthed neutral for faults in either direction irrespective of the
networks. The ADVC uses a polarising voltage to direction if the voltage is low. The residual
determine the direction of the fault. voltage Vzps is not likely to be zero even in un-
For both Earth and SEF protection, if the residual faulted networks. See "SEF Zero Sequence
earth voltage is too low to determine fault direction Voltage Alarm" (page 67)
66
Protection
SEF Zero The directional blocking facility includes detection The alarm status is displayed on the operator
Sequence of high zero sequence voltage (VZPS) above the control panel page PROTECTION SETTINGS
Voltage Alarm PROTECTION SETTINGS: Directional Directional Blocking 3:High Vzps Alarm ON/OFF
Blocking 3:Min SEF Vzps 5% setting whether SEF and is available for transmission by telemetry
protection has picked up or not. This is called the protocols.
Zero Sequence Voltage alarm. This indication can be useful in unearthed neutral
networks for earth fault detection. The Zero
The alarm is set when Vo is sustained above the Sequence Voltage Alarm is affected by the voltage
Min SEF Vzps 5% threshold for longer than balancing described in VZPS Balancing -
PROTECTION SETTINGS: Directional page 9-62 and it is expected that Zero Sequence
Blocking 3:High Vzps alarm 5 sec time and is Voltage Balancing is disabled if the Zero
cleared when Vzps falls below the threshold again. Sequence Voltage Alarm is used.
Event Record When the controller first resolves the fault direction are recorded in the normal way when the
an armed or blocked event is logged in the event protection resets.
record. The controller then continues to resolve
In the case of an earth or SEF pickup an event is
the direction for the duration of the fault. Each time
logged to record the value of VZPS at the time of
the direction changes another event is written. For
the maximum earth current.
all protection elements that pickup a separate
event is written. The fault current maximum events The Directional Blocking events are listed in the
table below. These events only occur when
Directional Blocking is ON.
Event Text Explanation
Earth Dir Arm An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip
takes place as normal.
Earth Dir Block An earth protection pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The
recloser does not trip.
Earth Low Vzps An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the zero sequence
Arm
voltage (Vzps) is less than the user-specified level and Low Vzps blocking is OFF. The trip
Earth Low Vzps An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the zero sequence
Block
voltage (Vzps) is less than the user-specified level and Low Vzps blocking is ON. The ACR
does not trip.
Phase Dir Arm A phase overcurrent pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip
Phase Dir Block A phase overcurrent pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The ACR
does not trip.
Phase Low V Arm A phase protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the voltage on all three
phases (V) is less than 500 V and Low V blocking is OFF. The trip takes place as normal.
Phase Low V Block A phase protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the voltage on all three
phases (V) is less than 500 V and Low V blocking is ON. The ACR does not trip.
SEF Dir Arm A SEF pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip takes place as
normal.
SEF Dir Block A SEF pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The ACR does not trip.
SEF Low Vzps Arm A SEF protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the zero sequence voltage
(Vzps) is less than the user-specified level and Low Vzps blocking is OFF. The trip takes
place as normal.
SEF Low Vzps A SEF protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the zero sequence voltage
Block (Vzps) is less than the user-specified level and Low Vzps blocking is ON. The ACR does not
trip.
Vzps 99999V This event is generated to record the value of the zero sequence voltage Vzps) at the time of
the maximum earth or SEF current.
Fault Direction Event Record
67
N-Series
Configuration SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS

pages 2:DIRB Available must be set or the - - - - - - - -DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 2A - - - - - - - P
Directional Blocking pages will not be NPS: Trip Fwd & Rev Low VNPS Block OFF
available.
This section shows each of the three Directional
Blocking configuration pages on the Operator
Control Panel display. These pages are in the :
Protection Settings Display Group following
- - - - - - - - DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 3A - - - - - - - P
Protection Setting 5 (A-J).
Phase Characteristic Angle -45 Deg
Earth Characteristic Angle 135 Deg
NPS Characteristic Angle1 180 DEG
- - - - - - - DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 1A- - - - - - - P
Phase: Trip Fwd&Rev Low V Block OFF :
Earth: Trip Fwd&Rev Low V Block OFF - - - - - - - - DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 4A - - - - - - - P
SEF : Trip Fwd&Rev Low V Block OFF Nom P E V 6.3kV Min Earth VZPS 20%
Min SEF VZPS 5%
Min NPS VZPS 0V
Only displayed if Sequence
:
Components are available.
- - - - - - - DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 5A - - - - - - P
High VZPS DISABLED VZPS Block DISABLED
HIGH VZPS Alarm OFF
Parameters to Directional Blocking requires the following systems at Directional Blocking 3:Vo
be Configured parameters to be set correctly: Balance Disabled.
Directional Blocking to be made available at High Vo alarm time, or disabled at
SYSTEM STATUS - Options 2:DIRB Not Directional Blocking 3:High Vo Alarm Disabled.
Available. For Phase and Earth/SEF, the following
The Source/Load direction to be set at parameters must be set at Directional
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and Blocking 1, 2 and 3.
POWER FLOW. The characteristic angle.
The System Voltage to be set at The trip direction.
Directional Blocking 3:Nom P-E Volts 6.3kV. The low voltage blocking to be turned on or off.
This is the nominal phase/earth system The minimum Vo for Earth and SEF protection
voltage. (set independently).
Residual voltage balancing configured if In addition, the normal protection parameters must
required to improve SEF detection in earthed also be set.
Turning Directional blocking can only be turned on and off directional blocking settings will become active or
Directional via WSOS5. inactive and giving you the option to continue or
Blocking On/Off When directional blocking is turned on or off in the cancel the operation.
ADVC, a warning message will be displayed
informing you that the current protection groups
68
Event Log
10 Event Log
When the status of the control electronics or Events are dated, time stamped to a 10ms
switchgear changes, events are generated which resolution and displayed in the order in which they
are recorded in an Event Log for display to the occurred.
operator. Examples of such events are Load
Supply On or Lockout. The key scrolls the display downward to show
older events, the key scrolls the display upward
Events are viewed on the Event Log pages and to show more recent events. Pressing the key
can also be up-loaded and viewed with the removes the title of the display to make more room
Windows Switchgear Operating System. for events. The title will only be restored when the
event log is selected again from the top level
The event log display looks like this:
menu.
- - - - - - - - - EVENT LOG - - - - - - - - -
10/01/01 12:09:02.06Close Coil Connect Appendix G (page 139) lists all the events in
10/01/01 12:09:03.95Panel close req
10/01/01 12:09:37.95Load Supply ON alphabetical order and explains when they are
generated.
Display The event log display will update automatically occur they are entered at the bottom of the screen
Updating with new events provided the most recent event is and the older events are scrolled up.
on the bottom line of the screen. When new events
Protection The circuit breaker generates events to aid the The maximum value of the protection elements
Generated user in analysis of faults or in testing. Events are involved in the trip detected by the protection
Events generated which indicate the following things: relay. Some faults will cause pickup of more
than one element and events are generated
Protection Pickup occurs when any of the for these as well. These events are not
enabled protection elements pick up (this generated until all elements have fallen back to
their normal values. This means they will be
event is particularly useful when current
time stamped after the Protection Trip in the
injection testing). event log.
Circuit Breaker trip under protection. A series Automatic reclose of the circuit breaker.
of events indicate the active protection setting, Expiration of the sequence reset timer. This
type of protection and the number of the trip, indicates the protection relay has reset back to
either single shot or trips 1, 2, 3 or 4. the beginning of the reclose sequence.
Loss of Supply The control electronics monitors voltage screens source side terminals for the time set by the user
Events embedded in the H.V. bushings to determine if the in page.
terminals are live.
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER
Live/Dead indication is shown on real time FLOW: Supply Timeout 5.0s
displays (see later) when the phase/earth voltage
exceeds a user configured threshold, in page If this occurs then a 'Source Supply ON event is
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER generated.
FLOW:LIVEif > 2000V
When supply is lost on all three phases for the
Terminals are designated as Dead when the Supply Timeout, a 'Source Supply OFF' event is
voltage falls 20% below the live threshold. The generated.
live/dead status is used to generate events when
source supply is lost. To determine if supply is ON, The load side is also monitored to generate 'Load
the live status must be sustained on all three Supply ON' and 'Load Supply OFF' events.
If1 individual phases change from LIVE to DEAD

or vice-versa for the Supply Timeout then events
are generated for these phases e.g. 'B1 Live', 'B2
Dead'.
1. The designated Source and Load sides can be swapped in relation to the switchgear terminals, refer to "Power Flow
Direction" - page 73.
71
N-Series
Typical Event A typical sequence of events for a phase/phase However, if the fault was cleared after the first trip
Log Displays fault, which had instantaneous protection on the has occurred, the controller will generate a
first trip and inverse time protection on the second Sequence Reset event once the Sequence Reset
trip, with two trips to lockout might be as shown in Time has expired, as shown in Figure 28
Figure 27 (page 72). (page 72).
.
- - - - - - - EVENT LOG - - - - - - -
07/01/01 07:02:53.90 Pickup Start of fault

07/01/01 07:02:53.92 Prot Group A Active Protection Group A
07/01/01 07:02:53.92 Phase Fault Phase Element caused trip
07/01/01 07:02:53.92 Prot Trip 1 1st trip 20ms after pickup
07/01/01 07:02:53.92 A Max 543 AMP Peak A phase current
07/01/01 07:02:53.92 B Max 527 AMP Peak B phase current
07/01/01 07:02:54.76 Automatic Reclose 1st Reclose
07/01/01 07:02:54.77 Pickup Pickup again
07/01/01 07:02:57.24 Phase Prot Trip Phase Element caused trip
07/01/01 07:02:53.24 Prot Trip 2 2nd trip 2.47 sec later
Figure 27: Event Log example-Phase to Phase fault
- - - - - - - - - EVENT LOG- - - -- - - -
07/01/01 07:02:53.90 Pickup Start of fault

07/01/01 07:02:53.92 Phase Prot Trip Phase Element caused trip
07/01/01 07:02:53.92 Prot Trip 1 1st trip 20ms after Pickup
07/01/01 07:02:54.76 Automatic Reclose 1st Reclose
07/01/01 07:02:64.76 Sequence Reset Reclose Successful
Figure 28: Sequence Reset Example
72
Power System Measurements
11 Power System Measurements

The Control and Protection Module (CAPM) These are used to provide a variety of data for the
digitises the current transformer (CT) signals and operator.
voltage screen (CVT) signals from the recloser.
Power System The controller must be set for the correct power
Frequency system frequency either 50 or 60 Hz. This is set
on page FLOW: System Freq 50/60 Hz
Switchgear The six bushings on the circuit breaker are The first line of the display allows the operator to
Terminal labelled UI,V1, W1 and U2, V2, W2. cycle between the six possible phase
Designation Bushings must have the correct power system combinations (ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA).
phase assigned at time of installation, a process When the operator presses the ENTER key, the
called setting the phasing". Setting the phasing controller then orients the currents and voltages to
affects all the displays, events, etc., concerned match the selection.
with circuit breaker terminals, for example: voltage After the phasing has been set, the operator
measurements, live/dead terminal displays and should record the details on the Operating
maximum current events. Instructions label affixed to the rear of the control
Phasing is set from page. cubicle door to indicate the relationship between
the bushings and phases.
SYSTEM STATUS - SWITCHGEAR TERMINAL
DESIGNATION .
SWITCHGEAR TERMINAL DESIGNATION S
U1/U2 Bushings A Phasea P
V1/V2 Bushings B Phase P
W1/W2 Bushings C Phase P
Switchgear Terminal Designation screen

a.The phase designations can be rotated from this field by pressing the arrow key (ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB,
CBA).
Power Flow The switch is a symmetrical device meaning that When changed, this reverses the power flow
Direction either side can be connected to the power source. direction but not the phasing.See "Switchgear
Consequently, after installation, the controller must Terminal Designation" - page 11-73 .
be configured to designate source side. This is Power flow direction setting is used to determine:
done by configuring the direction of power flow so
that positive power flows from source to load. The Whether the source or load corresponds to (1)
engineer can configure which set of bushings or (2) on the voltage measurement displays.
corresponds to the source and load.
Which direction is positive power flow for use
The power flow direction is configured on pages
on the kWh totals in the Maximum Weekly
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER Demand display and APGS.
FLOW: Source I, Load 2
Which is the source or load for Live Load
Blocking.
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER Which is the source or load for Directional
FLOW: Source 2, Load I Blocking.
73
N-Series
Real Time The CT and CVT signals are digitally processed to

Displays measure data, which is displayed on the Operator - - - - - SOURCE SIDE VOLTAGES - - - M
Control Panel in real time. Data displayed is as A1 phase to earth 12700 Volt
follows: B1 phase to earth 12700 Volt
C1 phase to earth 12700 Volt
NPS current.
Currents in each phase and to earth.
- - - - - LOAD SIDE VOLTAGES - - - - M
Real Power (kW), this is a signed quantity A2 phase to earth 12700 Volt
unless Power Flow Unsigned has been B2 phase to earth 12700 Volt
selected on page: C2 phase to earth 12700 Volt

FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned If phase to phase voltages are selected rather than
phase to earth then the measurement page 2 and
Power Factor (PF), this is an unsigned 3 text will change.
quantity.
An example of the new text is as follows:
Voltage on the source side terminals. The
voltages can be either phase to phase or - - - - SOURCE SIDE VOLTAGES - - - M
phase to earth. This is a selectable item from: A1-B1 phase to phase 22000 Volt
B1-C1 phase to phase 22000 Volt
FLOW: Display Ph-Ph Volt
C1-A1 phase to phase 22000 Volt
Live/Dead indication on all six terminals.
The displayed data looks like this

- - - - -LOAD SIDE VOLTAGES - - - - M
- - - - INSTANTANEOUS DEMAND - - - M A2-B2 phase to phase 22000 Volt
Earth 0 Amp A Phase 123 Amp B2-C2 phase to phase 22000 Volt
NPS 0 Amp B Phase 128 Amp C2-A2 phase to phase 22000 Volt
C Phase 121 Amp
The page
SYSTEM STATUS - LIVE/DEAD INDICATION
- - - - System Measurements- - - - M
Freq Unavailable Power(P) 2479 kW displays the terminal live/dead indication as
Power(Q) 200 kVAR follows:
Power Factor0.93
- - - - LIVE/DEAD INDICATION - - S
A1 Live A2 Live
B1 Live B2 Live
C1 Live C2 Live
Maximum Demand Data Displays
Monthly For each calendar month, the period with the can flow both ways this quantity will show
Maximum greater average Real Power is recorded and either the net energy flow (i.e. zero if equal
displayed on the Operator Control Panel. Data energy had flowed both ways) or the total
displayed is as follows (each value is reset on power flow irrespective of the direction
power up): depending on page.
The month/year for the peak period on display. SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER
FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned
The time at the end of the peak averaging
period.
The displayed data looks like this:
The Real Power (kW) during the peak period.
This is a signed quantity unless Power Flow - - - - - MONTHLY DEMAND - - - - - M
Unsigned has been selected on: Jan/2001 Total 28565kWh
Peak Period 12/01/200117:15:00
FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned Peak Demand 1235kW 0.93PF
The Power Factor (PF) during the peak period.

The total integrated real power flow (kWh) If there is no Monthly Demand data available the
during the month. In a system where power display will look like this:
74
Power System Measurements
- - - - - - MONTHLY DEMAND - - - - - M
NO MONTHLY DATA AVAILABLE
Weekly For each week, the period with the greater had flowed both ways) or the total power flow
Maximum average Real Power is recorded and displayed on irrespective of the direction depending on
the Operator Control Panel. Demand Data page.
displayed is as follows (each value is reset on
power up): FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned
The date of the last day of the week for the

The displayed data looks like this:
peak period on display.
The time of the end of the peak averaging - - - - WEEKLY MAXIMUM DEMAND- - - M
period. weekending 10/01/2001 total7565kWh
peakperiod 07/01/2001 17:15:00
The Real Power (kW) during the peak period.
peakdemand 31141kW 0.93 PF
This is a signed quantity unless Power Flow
Unsigned has been selected on:
SYSTEM STATUS - PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER If there is no Weekly Demand data available the
FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned display will look like this:
The Power Factor (PF) during the peak period. - - - - WEEKLY MAXIMUM DEMAND - - M
The total Integrated Real Power flow (kWh)
during the week. In a system where power can NO WEEKLY DATA AVAILABLE
flow both ways this quantity will show either
the net energy flow (i.e.: zero if equal energy
Average The real time data is averaged over a user set screen to access the
Demand Data period to provide average demand data that is
MEASUREMENT: SAMPLE PERIOD
Displays - then displayed on the control panel.
Default page. Press SELECT again and use the
To set the average demand period press the keys to vary the displayed period. Press MENU to
SELECT key from the return to page.
MEASUREMENT: AVERAGE DEMAND HISTORY MEASUREMENT: AVERAGE DEMAND
Average Data displayed is as follows: The displayed data looks like this:
Demand -
Date and time of the end of the averaging - - - - - AVERAGE DEMAND - - - - - M
Default period. 12/01/2001 13:45:00A Phase 123Amp
2749 kW B Phase 128Amp
Currents in each phase averaged over the
0.93 PF C Phase 121Amp
period.
Real Power (kW) averaged over the period.
This is a signed quantity unless Power Flow When first selected, the average demand display
Unsigned has been selected on: shows the most recent period.
FLOW: Power Flow Signed/Unsigned To view older periods press the SELECT key and
then the keys. To return to the most recent
Power Factor (PF) averaged over the period. period press the MENU key.
Average Average Demand data may be customised using - - - - - AVERAGE DEMAND- - - - - M

Demand - WSOS.
CUSTOMISED DATA LOGGING
Configurable Customised data is not available on the screen if WSOS DISPLAY ONLY
this option is selected. However, the customised
data can be retrieved and viewed through WSOS.
This operator message indicates that the Average
Demand is no longer available at the control panel .
75
N-Series
The following table details the data that may be
configured and displayed through WSOS1.
WSOS Configurable Data

Current Power
Mean I ABC a kW
IA kVa
IB kVAR
IC Power Factor
IE
Voltage Switchgear Data
Phase to Earth Phase to Phase Electronics Compartment Temperature
a. 1
Mean V 1 ABC Mean V 1 ph-ph Battery Voltage
Mean V 2 ABC a. Mean V 2 ph-ph 1 Gas Pressure
V A1 V1A-B Switchgear Temperature

V B1 V1B-C
V C1 V 1C-A Log Period
V A2 V2A-B
V B2 V2B-C Minutes
V C2 V 2C-A
Range: 1-1440 min
VO Auxiliary Supply Estimated Time

(only if Directional Before Oldest
Blocking is enabled) Data is Overwritten
WSOS Configurable Data Display

a. Means values are the 500ms average of the 3 phase values.
1. The Data Storage Time is calculated from the parameters selected from the above table and then displayed at the WSOS
screen. All data is averaged over the logging period.
76
Supply Outage Measurement
12 Supply Outage Measurement
Many Utilities analyse the supply outages to each utility may define an outage in a different
measure the quality of supply to their customers. way.
The average duration and frequency of outages The Supply Outage Measurement1 feature utilises
are key indicators in this process and they are built-in recloser features to record the number and
commonly defined as: duration of outages. These statistics are recorded
in the controller and are available to the Utility to
System Average Interruption Duration Index
help calculate SAIDI and SAIFI. The controller
(SAIDI). This is equal to the average minutes
records the:
lost per customer per year. Each utility has its
own definition of lost customer minutes. For cumulative total number of outages,
example, it may not include outages of cumulative total outage duration, and
one minute or less or outages resulting from the time and duration of each outage event in
transmission grid failures or major storms. the Event Log.
System Average Interruption Frequency Index These records are accessible to the user and can
(SAIFI). This is equal to the average number of be retrieved using the operator control panel,
outages per customer per year. Once again WSOS or a SCADA System.
Determination The controller monitors the circuit breaker terminal start and end time of each outage, the total dura-
of Supply voltages to determine when there is an outage. A tion and the number of outages on each network
Outage loss of supply voltage on one or more phases for a segment. When an outage is detected on either
user-set time is defined as the start of the outage segment it is timed and the data is held in the data-
and when voltage is restored to all three phases base for future analysis.
for the same user-set time it is the end of the out-
age. The reported outage duration is the actual If the circuit breaker is disconnected from the con-
time without voltage. troller or the controller is powered down during an
Since the circuit breaker measures the voltages on outage then the controller cannot determine the
both the source and load terminals, outages on outage duration. In such cases the outage dura-
source side and load side network segments are tion data for that specific outage is discarded. The
monitored separately. The circuit breaker logs the outage counter is maintained.
Configuration Supply Outage Measurement is configured and

and Display displayed on:
MEASUREMENT SUPPLY OUTAGES
SUPPLY OUTAGE M
Measure Outages OFF P Out. Duration 60 s P

Measure Outages ON
Source outages 2 R Duration 4h14m56s R
Load outages 3 R Duration 6h23m24s R
Supply Outages screen
Field Description
Measure Outages ON/OFF Supply Outage Measurement afunction enabled/disabled.

Default is Measure Outages OFF.
Outage Duration User-defined minimum time, in seconds, for terminals without

voltage to be counted as supply outage. Also used as the minimum
time for restored voltage before an outage is considered finished.
Range: 1 to 3600 sec.
Default is 60s.
Supply Outages - field descriptions
1. Supply Outage Measurement is the subject of a patent application.
77
N-Series
Field Description
Source Outages Number of supply outages on the source terminals
Load Outages Number of supply outages on the load terminals
Duration Total duration of supply outages in hours, minutes and seconds for
both source and load-side terminals.
Maximum: 9999 hours, 59 mins, 59 sec.
Supply Outages - field descriptions

a. Different default values may be factory loaded.
The displayed data looks like this.

- - - - - SUPPLY OUTAGES - - - - -M
Measure OutagesON Out.Duration 60s
Source Outages 3 Duration4h14m56s
Load Outages 3 Duration6h23m24s
Resetting the To reset the counters find: Press or keys to reset the counter.
Counters and MEASUREMENT SUPPLY OUTAGES
Press the MENU key to continue.
Timers This resets both counters and both timers.
Press the SELECT key until a counter field
flashes.
Event Record A supply outage event is logged in the event ON or OFF, resets the counters and changes the
record when the supply outage ends. Events are source and load terminals.
also logged when the operator turns this function
The Supply Outage events are listed in the table
below.
Load Out 59 m 59 s The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage up to
59 minutes 59 seconds.
Load Out 99 h 59 m The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage up to
99 hours 59 minutes.
Load Out 9999 h The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage
> 10,000 hours.
Outages ON The operator has turned ON or OFF the supply outage measurement
Outages OFF functions.
Outages reset The operator has reset the four outage counters.
Source Out 59 m 59 s The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage up
to 59 minutes 59 seconds.
Source Out 99 h 59 m The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage up
to 99 hours 59 minutes.
Source Out 9999 h The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage
> 10,000 hours
Supply Outage events
78
Supply Outage Measurement
The following example shows a typical sequence
of events where a circuit breaker has lost supply
due to an upstream fault:
- - - - - - - - EVENT LOG - - - - -
07/01/01 22:47:48.00 Source Supply OFF Loss of supply detected on both Source and
07/01/01 22:47:48.00 Load Supply OFF Load sides.
07/01/01 22:52:17.90 Source Supply ON Restored supply detected on both sides of

07/01/01 22:52:17.90 Load Supply ON the ACR.
07/01/01 22:52:23.90 Source Out 4m 29s Supply outage is logged for source and load
07/01/01 22:52:23.90 Load Out 4m 29s sides.
79
N-Series
80
Loop Automation
13 Loop Automation
Loop Automation is an optional feature that will, in is selected.
the event of an outage, automatically reconfigure Loop Automation is documented in its own
an electrical network to restore power to un-faulted Technical Manual (Part Number: N00-380).
sections. Contact the manufacturer or your distributor for
When available Loop Automation adds additional more information.
display pages to the System Status display group.
Loop Automation becomes available when
SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 2:Loop Auto Available
81
N-Series
82
Generator Control
14 Generator Control
Operation The Generator Control option allows a generator When supply is restored to the system, and after
to be operated by an IOEX output in response to the expiration of a preset time (HV Live Time) the
the loss of supply, which is sensed by the line side generator is turned off and the CAPM will close the
bushings. ACR to restore supply to the load.
After a preset time period (HV Dead Time) the Closing is prevented when supplying the load via
CAPM will trip the ACR to isolate the load. the generator. This is a safety feature to prevent
When the ACR opens, the CAPM, via a set of closing onto unsynchronised supplies.
IOEX contacts will turn the generator on. The
generator will stay on until the supply is restored.
Configuration This option can be turned ON or OFF in The actual contents of the data rows and the
and Display SYSTEM STATUS - OPTIONS 1-Generator Control
field descriptions are shown in the following
tables.
With Generator Control On and the recloser in
the open position it is impossible to close if the
load side bushings are energised.
OPTIONS 2 S
DIRB Not Avail P Loop Auto Not Avail P

DIRB Avail Loop Auto Available
LOP/Loop Auto Unlinked Dead Lockout OFF P

LOP/Loop Auto Linked Dead Lockout ON
Lang English (Intl) P GenCtrl Not Avail P

Idioma Espanol GenCtrl Avail
Lingua Portugesa
Options 2 screen
Field Description
GenCtrl Not Avail Generator Control Availability

GenCtrl Available This field is used to make Generator Control option available or
not available to operators.
Factory default is not available.
Options 2-Field descriptions
To configure the IOEX mapping for Generator Run request outputs should be assigned. See
Control, the Generator Control and Generator Section 16 (page 89).
83
N-Series
The screen shown below will be displayed at the
end of the existing status screen if Generator
Control is available.
Generator Control S
GenCtrl OFF
GenCtrl ON
HV Dead Time 5s HV Live Time 5s
Control State: GenCtrl OFF D

Control State: Switch Closed
Control State: Line Dead Check
Control State: Wait Switch Open
Control State: Wait Generator Live
Control State: Generator Running
Control State: Line Live Check
Control State: Wait Generator Off
Control State: Wait Switch Closed
Generator Control screen
Field Description
GenCtrl ON Generator Control

GenCtrl OFF This field is used to turn on or off the Generator Control option.
Factory default is OFF.
HV Dead Time Amount of time line side bushings are dead before any action
performed by Generator Control. Also used to detect when a
generator is stopped.
Range: 1 to 600 sec
Factory default is 5 sec.
HV Live Time Amount of time line side bushings are live before any action
performed by Generator Control.
Also used to detect when a generator is running.
Range: 1 to 600 sec
Factory default is 5 sec.
Control State Control State
Shows what Generator Control is doing.
Generator Control-field descriptions
84
Communications Interfaces
15 Communications Interfaces
The Control and Protection Module (CAPM) Two physical interfaces are provided on the
provides an external communications interface for CAPM, either interface can be used:
connection into a communications system. V23 FSK modem with radio interface signals.
This interface can be used by a remote computer RS232 interface.
to monitor and control the recloser. Typical
applications would be connection into a SCADA An optional RS232 to RS485 converter is
system for remote operator control or connection available with an isolation of 3.5kV.
into a distribution automation system for automatic In addition, a switch mode power supply is
control by a supervising computer. provided to power the radio/modem.
V23 Interface An in-built FSK modem provides half duplex V23 female 15 way D connector is fitted. The cable
signalling at 1200 bits per second. This interface is is run to the bottom of the radio panel. This cable
primarily designed for use with voice frequency allows a simple personalised cable to connect
radio systems and provides additional signals for from the standard cable to a particular radio type.
this purpose.This interface is available on CAPM The personalised cable can be fitted in the field
plug P10 which is a 16 way ribbon header, or a without the need to open the electronics
factory fitted cable may have been supplied to compartment. Contact the manufacturer for the
connect direct to the radio. supply of personalised cables suitable for
Unless a particular radio cable is ordered, a particular radio types required.
standard cable (part number N03-530) with a Signals provided are:
Cable
P10 Pin Direction Use
(N03-530)
5 5 - 0 Volts (ground/earth)
4 4 To CAPM Receive, 10 kOhm impedance

Sensitivity 0.1 2V pk-pk
15 15 From CAPM Press to talk (PTT)
11 11 From CAPM Transmit, 600 Ohm impedance

Level 2.5V pk-pk
6 6 To CAPM Busy, 10 kOhm impedance
The Press to Talk (PTT) signal is used to key up a

radio transmitter. PTT is implemented using a Caution
Levels in excess of 13V should not be applied.
Field Effect Transistor (FET) with an on resistance The FET is rated for a maximum of +32V and
of less than 1 ohm. When PTT is asserted the negative voltages are not permitted.
transistor is turned on and connects the PTT Transmit and receive are unbalanced signals relative
signal to 0V. (i.e. the equivalent of a relay contact to 0 volts and are not isolated. If a DC level is
to earth). imposed by the radio on the transmit line then this
should be less than 2.5 VDC.
A busy signal can be provided by the radio to
indicate receive channel busy. High level is +4.5 to A 600 ohm line isolator accessory (TERM1) is
+5V, low level 0V to +0.5V. available from the manufacturer.
85
N-Series
RS232 An RS232 interface is available on CAPM plug P8 connect to conventional modems which provide
Interface which is a standard D25 male or a factory fitted the correct signalling for the communications
cable may have been provided to connect directly network used, e.g. optical fibre modem or
to the modem. This interface is provided to telephone dial up modem, as follows :
P8 Not Internal Use

Direction Use when connected
Pin No: connected Do Not Connect
1 0V (ground/earth)
2 From CAPM Tx Data (TxD)
3 To CAPM Rx Data (RxD)
4 From CAPM Request To Send (RTS)
5 To CAPM Clear To Send (CTS)
6 X
7 0V (ground/earth)
8 To CAPM Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
9 X
10 X
11 X
12 X
13 X
14 X
15 X
16 X
17 X
18 X
19 X
20 From CAPM Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
21 X
22 X
23 X
24 X
25 X
P9 The CAPM Port P9 defaults to fixed 19200 baud, online it attempts to communicate at 19.2k baud. If
Configurable Local mode. If made available to the operator via unsuccessful it cycles through 9600, 2400, 1200,
Baud Rate WSOS, the baud rate and mode can be 600 and back to 19.2k baud until successful.
configured in the CAPM. When WSOS goes
Operation WSOS provides the capability for the operator to Set a fixed or configurable baud rate.
designate the mode of operation of the P9 port.
Designate P9 as Local or Remote.1
Port P9 can be configured by the operator when
made available via WSOS. This allows the Port P9 can be configured using WSOS or the
operator to: OCPM.
1. The default setting is Local.
86
Communications Interfaces
The actual contents of the data rows and the
field descriptions are shown in the following
table.
WSOS Port P9 Communications S
Baud 19200 P P9 Mode Local P

Selection in the range 600,1200, 2400, 9600 and P9 Mode Remote
19200.
WSOS Port P9 Communications screen and description
The following screen shows P9 set to a Baud rate

of 19200 and Local mode of operation. - - - -WSOS PORT P9 Communications S
Baud 19200 P9 Mode Local
Changes to the P9 settings will generate an event
in the Event Log.
Radio/Modem A switched mode power supply for a radio/modem The supply is available on plug P3 of the CAPM
Power is built into the CAPM and draws its power from via a disconnect type terminal block. A factory
the auxiliary supply and/or the battery.1 fitted cable to connect directly to the radio/modem
may have been provided. Connections are as
follows:
Standard Cable Type

P3
N03-530, 15 Way D Direction Use
Pin No:
Female
8 AUX + FROM CAPM RADIO/MODEM POWER SUPPLY POSITIVE
1 EARTH FROM CAPM 0V (EARTH)
The radio/modem power supply voltage is set by shutdown, except under special circumstances.
the user from the Operator Control Panel in the See "LV Auxiliary Power from Mains" - page 100 .
The radio/modem power supply is restored when
SYSTEM STATUS -RADIO and TIME SET: Radio Supply
12 Volts
the auxiliary supply returns to normal.
page. This is a password protected parameter. The radio/modem power supply can be turned on
and off by the operator for radio maintenance
If the auxiliary power fails, battery power can be
without passwords in the
conserved by automatically shutting down the
radio/modem power supply. The shutdown takes SYSTEM STATUS -RADIO and TIME SET: Radio Supply
place after the radio holdup time, set on the ON
SYSTEM STATUS -RADIO and TIME SET: Radio Hold 60

min page. If the radio supply has shutdown it will be
indicated on page:
page by the user, has elapsed. If the Radio Hold
time is set to zero then the radio supply will not SYSTEM STATUS -RADIO and TIME SET
Connections Connections to the CAPM (if not factory fitted) power. If these cables were not factory fitted the
Into must be run through the rubber cable ducting in slots will have been sealed with rubber cord.
Electronics the middle of the equipment panel. This ducting
Compartment provides a sealed entry into the electronics To run cables into the electronics compartment,
compartment thus keeping out airborne pollution. remove the cords and use their slots.
It should not normally be necessary to run
additional cables into the electronics All cables running into the electronics
compartment. However, if cables must be run, compartment must be round, sheathed and
slots in the ducting have been left free for the between 9 and 10.5mm in diameter to ensure a
purpose of connecting radio/modem data and good seal.
1. The power supply is not isolated.
87
N-Series
Heatshrink sleeving can be used to increase the removing the electronics compartment cover to
diameter of a cable. See "Replacement of gain access to the CAPM.
Electronic Modules" - page 110 for instructions on
88
Input Output Expander Card
16 Input Output Expander Card

The optional Input Output Expander (IOEX) card outputs and which controls are mapped into the
provides optically isolated input contacts and IOEX inputs.
voltage free output contacts to allow connection of
The bottom line of the IOEX Status display page
an external Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). It is
identifies the mapping loaded:
installed in a die cast, sealed enclosure mounted
on the radio tray and earthed to an equipment The standard mapping for inputs and outputs
panel mounting bolt. See "IOEX Cabling" - are shown in "Inputs - Standard Mapping"
page 99 for external wiring recommendations. (page 90) and "Outputs - Standard Mapping"
A mapping held in the CAPM database controls (page 91).
the function of the IOEX. It specifies what Some equipment may be supplied with
database information is mapped into the IOEX alternative mappings.
Field The field excitation for IOEX inputs/outputs MUST the isolation barriers and introduce serious risk of
Excitation NOT be provided from the control cubicle battery damage or interference to the control electronics.
nor the radio power supply. Doing so will breach
IOEX as Local/ An IOEX can be designated from the IOEX Status 8 (page 35) for further information on Local and
Remote User Page as either Local or Remote User. See Section Remote Users.
IOEX Status The next three lines are the data on display, consisting
Page SYSTEM STATUS-IOEX Status
of one selection from each data cell. To the right of
each data cell in the table is a small column
page displays the status of the IOEX inputs and containing a letter indicating the type of data.
outputs to assist debugging during installation and These letters, which are not shown on the display,
maintenance. indicate:
The top line of the display is the page title and the P - Password Protected (i.e. can only be changed
letter S to the right indicates that this page is if the password is known)
located in the System Status Display Group. The D Display Only (i.e. Cannot be changed).
IOEX Status S
Inputs 1 * 12 D Local P
Remote
Outputs 1**8 D IOEX OK D

Invalid Map
Initialising
Unplugged
Wrong Type
Standard IOEX Mapping. D
IOEX Status screen
The fields are described as follows:
Field Explanation
Inputs This indicates the current state of the inputs. A dash represents the OFF
1 - - - - * - - - - - - - 12 state and an asterisk * the ON state.
Outputs This indicates the current state of the outputs. A dash represents the
1-*-----*8 OFF state and an asterisk * the ON state.
Local Designates the IOEX to be either a local or a remote user. See "Definition
Remote of Local or Remote User" - page 35 .
Shows the status of the IOEX:

IOEX OK IOEX OK means that the mapping is valid and in service.
IOEX Status screen descriptions
89
N-Series
Field Explanation
Invalid Map Invalid Map means there is a problem with the IOEX mapping in the
database. Contact the manufacturer.
Unplugged Unplugged is displayed if the CAPM is not receiving data from the IOEX,
check the cabling.
Wrong Type Wrong Type is displayed if the IOEX hardware is detected as being
different to the mapping, contact the manufacturer.
Initialising Initialising is displayed while the IOEX is being initialised.
IOEX Status screen descriptions
When the IOEX configuration is invalid or has The displayed data looks like this.
some other problems such as wrong hardware
type, the OCPM flashes the message - - - - - - - - - - - - - IOEX STATUS - - - - - - - - - - - S
IOEX Configuration Corrupt or Invalid Inputs1------------12Local

Outputs1*--*----8Unplugged
at the top of the screen.
Inputs - The IOEX has12 independent, optically isolated are accepted. Input Voltage range is 60130 VAC
Standard inputs, each with Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) or 18 150 VDC.
Mapping protection. DC in either polarity or AC input signals
Input Number Terminal Number Inputs ON
Recloser
1 1-2 Trip the switchgear, set lockout and inhibit all close operations
2 3-4 Close the circuit breaker
3 5-6 SEF protection ON
4 7-8 SEF protection OFF
5 9-10 Auto Reclose ON
6 11-12 Auto Reclose OFF
7 13-14 Protection Set A Selected
8 15-16 Protection Set B Selected
Inputs - Standard Mapping
The recloser close input will only function the event log by a Close Blocking ON and
when the controller is set to the designated Close Blocking OFF event whenever the
IOEX mode and the Work Tag is off. For IOEX Trip input changes state.
example, if the IOEX card is designated as The SEF protection ON functionality operates
local then the IOEX close input will only
as discussed in "Sensitive Earth Fault Control"
operate when the controller is in the Local
(page 41). If the earth fault protection or the
mode of operation and the Work Tag is turned
SEF availability for the active protection group
off. See Section 8 (page 35).
are turned off then the SEF protection will NOT
Tripping and controlling all other settings works
turn on.
in Local and Remote modes and is
independent of the Work Tag status. If both SEF protection ON and OFF inputs are
If the IOEX Trip input is held on while either the

on, the default is SEF protection ON.
IOEX close or manual close input is activated, If both Auto Reclose ON and OFF inputs are
the recloser will not close. This is indicated in on, the default is Auto Reclose ON.
90
Input Output Expander Card
Outputs - The IOEX has 8 independent voltage free relay contacts are rated for 150 VAC, 2A or 150 VDC,
Standard contact outputs, each with MOV protection. The 1A non-inductive.
Mapping
Output Terminal Output On Output Off
Numbera Number (relay closed) (relay open)
1 25-26 Tripped Closed
2 27-28 Closed Tripped
3 29-30 Flag A, Overcurrent Protection

Trip indication.
4 31-32 Lockout Not in lockout
5 33-34 SEF protection ON SEF protection OFF
6 35-36 Auto Reclose ON Auto Reclose OFF
7 37-38 Flag B, Overcurrent Protection

Trip indication.
8 39-40 System Healthy See Section Other conditions

(page 91)
Outputs - Standard Mapping

a. The IOEX contacts are not guaranteed to change during fast Auto Reclose sequences but will indicate the final steady
state condition within 150ms.
Trip Sourcea Flag A, Trip indication Flag B, Trip indication
Reset, Set to this state on Off Off

Recloser Close.
Phase Trip On On
Earth Trip Off On
SEF Trip On Off
a. The trip Source outputs do not indicate other causes of a trip such as Loss of Phase.
System The IOEX system healthy indicator is present Gas pressure normal.
Healthy when all of the following are true:
Contact Life greater than 20% on all phases.
Indicator
Aux Supply OK.
IOEX to CAPM communications OK.
Battery Supply OK.
Mechanism OK
SCEM Data Valid.
Failure of any of these will cause the system
CAPM Electronics OK. healthy flag to be extinguished.
Power If an IOEX card is fitted to the control cubicle, the This is due to the current drawn by the IOEX card
Consumption battery holdup time can be affected. and its relay coils. The manufacturers battery
holdup time rating is based on a recloser
installation without the IOEX card fitted.
Configurable WSOS incorporates the Configurable IOEX tool This tool can be launched from within WSOS and
IOEX that allows users to generate custom I/O used to individually define each of the twelve
mappings for an IOEX card. inputs and eight outputs for an IOEX map.
Logic can be applied to each point with up to five
sets of logic or actions for each input and one
trigger action for each output.
91
N-Series
Scope The Configurable IOEX tool can only create The tool can be used to read mappings from
mappings that are compatible with CAPM software previous versions of software but can only create
versions 027-07.xx (CAPM 4) and 527-07.xx files for use with the specified software versions.
(CAPM 5), and all later versions. The manufacturers WSOS Version 4.12 or higher
is also required to use the Configurable IOEX tool.
Overview Custom maps can now be created for an IOEX created it is linked to the switchgear device
and loaded into a CAPM directly from WSOS. The configuration in WSOS and written into the CAPM.
types of actions that can be mapped to each input The IOEX Configuration tool is intended to be
or output is dependent on the software version used Off-Line only. Mappings are created, saved
loaded into the CAPM. and linked to a WSOS switchgear device
configuration while disconnected from the
When the tool is started the user is asked to input
switchgear. Once these tasks have been
the software version.This is then used to retrieve a
completed the user connects to the device and
valid set of points to use when constructing logic
writes the new mapping into the CAPM along with
within the tool.
the switchgear device configuration.
The mappings and I/O logic are created using the When this tool is installed, a technical manual
tool and saved to an IOEX mapping file on the describing its operation and use is available
WSOS computer. Once a valid file has been through its Help menu.
92
Accessories
17 Accessories
Test and For simplified testing in the field or in the workshop also simulate the circuit breaker and allow com-
Training Set a purpose built test set called a Test and Training prehensive testing of the control electronics. The
(TTS) Set (TTS) is available. TTS is highly suited to train staff in maintenance
The TTS is a briefcase sized test set which con- and operations.
nects to the control cubicle and allows a standard The test and training set is purchased as a sepa-
secondary injection test set to be connected to rate item. For further information refer to your dis-
inject currents into the control cubicle. The TTS will tributor.
Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS)

Section 7 (page 29) describes the built-in operator Up-loading of historical data (e.g. event record
control panel. An alternative interface to the opera- or demand measurements) into the computer,
tor panel is the Windows Switchgear Operating which can be taken away and processed
System (WSOS). This is a software package for a elsewhere.
Personal Computer (PC) that allows manage-
Automatic dial-back from the controller to the
ment, control and monitoring of a population of
WSOS PC on change of state.
reclosers. WSOS is purchased as an additional
item. For pricing information refer to your distribu- Embedded in the circuit breaker controller is
tor. server software for the WSOS package. The
WSOS provides facilities for: server provides two interfaces for connection to
WSOS as described below.
Online and Offline management of all
protection settings. Connection can be made from a PC to the WSOS
Tripping and Closing of the switchgear and server at either port but only one port can be used
other operator control functions. at any one time.
Electronics This is the computer port on the front of the elec- The port is normally used to connect a portable
Compartment tronics compartment also known as the P9 port. notebook PC for maintenance purposes such as
Computer Port See Figure 2 (page 24). downloading settings or uploading the event
(P9) record. This port is designated a Local User, as
It is a standard RS232 connection running at 19.2 defined in "Definition of Local or Remote User"
kBaud unless otherwise configured. See Section (page 35), and may be configured as remote. See
15 (page 85). Section 15 (page 85).
Telemetry Port This is a standard RS232 port and provides (page 35). "RS232 Interface" (page 86) gives
(P8) remote access to a PC running WSOS located details of the hardware interface. In some software
elsewhere such as in an office or a workshop. For configurations this port is used by other protocols,
details of the hardware interface. See "RS232 in which case it cannot be used for WSOS con-
Interface" (page 86). nection at the same time.
To gain remote access a modem must be installed The port is configured on
in the control cubicle allowing the PC to control the
recloser from another location. Typically the SYSTEM STATUS - WSOS Port P8 Communications
modem is connected to a telephone line or is itself
a digital cellular telephone modem. and requires:
The modem allows an engineer or operator to dial The baud rate must be set to match the
into the controller and check on the event record modem interface to allow dial-in access to
or make protection setting changes. WSOS (this is not necessarily the same as the
In addition the controller can be configured to dial modem signalling speed, refer to the modem
the PC automatically when events occur such as manual)
trip to lockout. This is called Change of State CAPM 4 possible range is 300, 600 baud to
(COS) reporting and allows a WSOS computer to 9.6 kBaud.
be used as a monitoring system for a population of
circuit breakers. More information is provided in CAPM 5 possible range is 300, 600 baud to
the WSOS Technical Supplement Manual N00- 19.2 kBaud.
402. COS On if Change of State Reporting is
This port is designated as a Remote User, as required. In this case a telephone number is
defined in "Local/Remote/Hit and Run Mode" also required.
93
N-Series
Outline of The WSOS manual supplement document Dialling is displayed as the status. If dialling
Operation number N00-402 gives more details on the opera- does not result in a connection then retries are
tion of P8 as a remote WSOS port. In summary it: made and if they do not succeed then the
Operates as a RS232 interface. modem is powered down and up again before
Supports TXD, RXD and DCD and in turn further attempts to connect are made.
requires these signals to be supported by the
Once connected the controller waits for WSOS
modem or otherwise correctly wired.
to interrogate (poll) it. Provided successful
If communication to a WSOS PC has occurred
polls take place the controller then resets it
in the last 10 seconds or DCD is asserted then
change flags so that it will not call again until
Online is displayed on
there is another change. If at any time there is
SYSTEM STATUS - WSOS Port P8 Communications no poll from the WSOS PC for 60 seconds
If Change of State is ON, the port uses the then the controller will terminate the
Hayes command set to make the dialup connection using the Hayes hang-up
connection and therefore this must be command, or if that fails by powering down the
supported by the modem. Whilst dialling modem.
Manual The manual operation set allows a user to manu- from its own trip/close capacitor using its own bat-
Operation Set ally trip or close the circuit breaker when a control teries. No external power source is needed.
cubicle is either not available or not working. It The Manual Operation Set is purchased as an
operates the actuator inside the circuit breaker additional item, for further information refer to your
distributor.
Remote The remote control panel provides dual control for almost identical functionality to that provided at the
Control Panel the manufacturers Reclosers installed in Sub-Sta- Control Cubicle.
tion applications. The remote control panel dupli- The Remote Control Panel is purchased as an
cates the Operator Control Panel to provide additional item, for further information refer to your
distributor.
Secondary The Secondary Voltage Injection Interface Set Confirm the Pole Top Control Cubicle (PTCC)
Voltage (SVIIS) enables the direct injection of low voltage and control cable connections on all the
Injection for testing of the control cubicle protection or Distri- manufacturers Pole Top Circuit Breakers.
Interface Set bution System Automation functions. The SVIIS is provided with a separate
Technical Manual N05-633. This manual
It may be used to: describes the configurations that the SVIIS
may be used within.
Inject voltage signals when connected to a
Test and Training Set. Test procedures using the SVIIS are described
in detail within the manufacturers Workshop
Simulate loss of voltage on an energised and Field Test Manual. Refer to the
recloser. manufacturer or your local distributor.
Fast Trip Input A Fast Trip Input Module (FTIM) is available as an The FTIM is purchased as an additional item, for
Module accessory. further information refer to your distributor.
This provides an optically isolated input to uncon-
ditionally trip the circuit breaker within 60ms of
activation (including debounce and breaker oper-
ating time).
94
Installation
18 Installation
Unpacking & WARNING: CARE OF EPOXY BUSHINGS the silicon bushing boots are to be fitted.
Checking Do not remove the blue The epoxy bushings should not be left
plastic protective caps, exposed to direct sunlight for extended
which cover the epoxy periods.
bushings during transit, until
Contents of Each crate includes: Control cubicle (which will normally contain two
Crate Pole top circuit breaker.
batteries unless arrangements have been
made to ship batteries separately).
Pole mounting bracket.
Six bushing boots with clamping rings Control cable.
attached. Six cable tails (where supplied by the
Six tubes of electrical silicone grease to fill the manufacturer) pre-terminated with either a
bushing boots. threaded lug to screw into the bushings directly
One clamping ring spanner to fit boots to the
or with a flat lug for bolting to a palm already
bushings. fitted onto the bushings.
A mounting kit containing nuts and bolts for On receipt the contents should be checked for
bolting the mounting bracket to the circuit shipping damage and the manufacturer informed
breaker, pole clamps and bolts if purchased. immediately if any is found.
Unpacking Tools required: from are all secured together. Lift the complete
Procedure mounting bracket out of the crate.
Wrecking bar to remove nails.
Four D shackles, two slings and crane with a Caution

Take great care not to drop the bracket, which
safe working load of 300kg to lift the circuit
weighs nearly 30kg, onto the circuit breaker.
breaker.
Screw Driver or Battery Drill with 8mm socket. Fit D-shackles to the lifting points on the circuit
breaker and lift out of the crate onto the ground
16mm Spanner or Socket. using the crane.
Procedure: Lay the crate down on its side and remove the
HV cables.
Remove top of crate and lift out the control
Remove the two bolts securing the control
cable and bushing boots. Store carefully in a
clean dry place. cubicle and slide the unit from the crate.
Unscrew and remove the four (4) screws

located on the wall of the crate. The mounting WARNING
bracket, mounting kit and the two pieces of The control cubicle weighs approximately 45 kg
wood that the screws have just been removed
Control Cable When installing or testing the circuit breaker it is plug (not visible). Wriggle to allow the clips to
Connection necessary to connect and disconnect the control release and then pull the plug out.
cable.To do this successfully requires the correct
technique that is explained below with reference to Caution
Figure 29 (page 95) and Figure 30 (page 96). Never pull the plug out by the cable.
Power down the control cubicle by switching

off all MCBs. This should be done whenever
connecting or disconnecting the control cable
from the control cubicle
To connect: hold the plug by the long sides,
check orientation, gently locate it on the socket
and push firmly home. Check it has locked by
wriggling the plug. If the plug cannot be
pushed on with moderate force then it has not
been located properly. Heavy force is never
required.
To disconnect: hold the plug by the short sides
Check orientation
Figure 29: Connecting the control cable (1)
and grip hard to release the clips inside the
95
N-Series
Locate and push

home
Figure 30: Connecting the control cable (2)
1. Grip and squeeze to open locking clips.
2. Wriggle to release.
3. Pull.
Figure 31: Disconnecting the control cable
Testing & The tests can be carried out on site or in the 3. Configure the protection settings.
Configuring workshop as preferred. 4. Perform primary current injection as
Unpack the crate as above and put the HV cables, required.
boots and the control cable in a clean safe place 5. Perform secondary current injection as
where they will not be damaged or soiled. Make a required using a Test and Training Set
temporary earth connection between the control (TTS).
cubicle and the circuit breaker, this need only be 6. The radio/modem plate can be unscrewed
1mm copper wire. and a radio or modem fitted, connected and
tested as required.
Unbolt one of the compartment cover plates from
the bottom of the circuit breaker and connect the Caution
control cable to plug P1 on the Switch Cable Entry If a HV insulation test is to be applied then check the
Module (SCEM) located inside the compartment. rating plate to determine if an internal VT is fitted. If
See Figure 29 (page 95) for the correct way to so take extreme care not to apply a voltage greater
than the rating of the VT across its terminals. If such
connect the control cable.
a voltage is applied, damage to the equipment will
If desired the LV auxiliary supply (if applicable) occur. Once the circuit breaker has been connected
can be connected as shown in Figure 33 to a powered-up control cubicle do not disconnect
(page 100). or turn off the control cubicle for at least ten minutes
after the last trip or close.
If the circuit breaker has an integrated power
transformer then a temporary auxiliary supply can Attend to the battery using the care
be made by connecting a fused and isolated instructions given in "Battery Care" (page 108)
twenty-four Volt AC or thirty-six Volt DC (24VAC or .
36VDC) supply between terminals 2 and 3 of the
terminal block in the mains compartment. A fused, Caution
isolated, 36 Volt battery is a good way to do this.1 Connecting the batteries with reverse polarity will
cause damage to the electronic systems.
Turn on the battery and aux supply circuit breakers
at the top of the control cubicle and carry out the An application note detailing workshop and
following tests: field test procedures is available. Contact your
1. Manual trip and close of the circuit breaker. agent or distributor.
2. Insulation test the high voltage connections It may be desirable at this time to fit the cable tails
to earth to check for shipping damage on and surge arresters to the circuit breaker. See
the high voltage side of the circuit breaker. Figure 32 (page 99).
Transport to If the unpacking and testing was carried out in the Disconnect the control cable from both circuit
Site workshop then the circuit breaker and control breaker and control cubicle and put back the
cubicle must be transported safely to site. It is cover plate on the bottom of the circuit breaker.
important the following steps are carried out: Either remove the batteries from the control
Turn off all control cubicle circuit breakers and cubicle and safely transport separately or
disconnect all auxiliary power supplies. secure the batteries in the control cubicle.
1. This supply connects directly to the CAPM and cannot be turned off by the control cubicle miniature circuit breakers.
96
Installation
Transport the circuit breaker, control cubicle
and all parts in a safe and secure manner to
site.
Site
Installation
Tools Required Torque wrench and metric socket set, normal Bushing boot clamping spanner, (supplied by
engineers tools. the manufacturer).
24mm Open ended drive to fit the torque Tools to prepare pole as required.
wrench (commonly known as a Claw Foot). Crane or other lift for circuit breaker and
This is only required with 630A cable tails control cubicle, four D shackles and slings. A
which screw directly into the bushings and are 1m spreader bar is also useful, if the surge
tightened by a 24mm lock-nut. arresters are to be fitted onto the circuit
Standard 300gm cartridge applicator, breaker tank, to keep the slings away from the
(Caulking Gun). surge arresters when lifting.
Parts Required Two 20mm galvanised or stainless steel bolts Earth wire and lugs for the earthing scheme
(Not supplied by with washers and nuts etc. to bolt mounting and parts for LV mains auxiliary power
the bracket to power pole. See Figure 36 connection. See Figure 33 (page 100),
manufacturer) (page 104). If the optional pole clamp has Figure 35 (page 103).
been purchased this is not required. 20mm sealing cable entry glands to suit
Mounting parts for control cubicle. Either auxiliary supply mains cables, 16mm sealing
20mm steel strapping or 10mm galvanised or cable entry glands to suit aerial or
stainless steel bolts, nuts, etc. See Figure 53 communications cable as required.
(page 159). Aerial, aerial feeder cable and surge arrester
Fixing hardware for control cable. This is as required if a radio is fitted (unless supplied
standard 25mm sheathed conduit and can be by the manufacturer).
fixed to the pole with ties, straps, P-clips or Cable ferrites for IOEX cables (If IOEX is
saddles. fitted).
Site Procedure To erect and test the circuit breaker carry out the 9. Run the earth connections as shown in
following steps, mounting details are given in Figure 35 (page 103).
Figure 36 (page 104):
1. Transport to site and carry out testing prior to
erection as required.
WARNING
It is vital that the earthing scheme described is
2. Connect cable tails and surge arresters carried out.
before elevating or raising the circuit
breaker. See "Cable Tail Connections" 10. For LV mains supply run auxiliary wiring as
(page 98) . shown in Figure 35 (page 103). Make
3. Ensure that the pole is of sufficient strength connection inside control cubicle as shown
to support the circuit breaker. A structural in Figure 33 (page 100). Make sure the LV
engineer may be needed to calculate the mains cable is run behind the equipment
stresses involved. panel.
4. Securely mount the circuit breaker mounting Caution
bracket on the power pole. It is vital that the scheme described above is carried
5. Lift the circuit breaker into position and lower out.
it onto the mounting bracket so that it sits on
11. For LV supply from a dedicated transformer
the mounting bracket. See Figure 36
supplied by the utility, connect as shown in
(page 104).
Figure 37 (page 105).
6. Bolt the circuit breaker to the mounting 12. For Integrated supply from an external
bracket with the four 12mm nuts and bolts transformer, connect as shown in Figure 37
provided. Tighten to 50 Nm. (page 105).
7. Complete the high voltage connections as 13. Unbolt the compartment cover plate with the
shown in Figure 34 (page 102) or as blanking plate from the bottom of the
appropriate for the site installation. switchgear. Remove the blanking plate and
8. Lift the control cubicle into position and bolt fit the control cable in its place. Connect the
or strap to the power pole. Note that the control cable to plug P1 on the Switch Cable
control cubicle mounts are provided with key Entry Module (SCEM) located inside the
holes so it can be lifted onto the 10mm bolt compartment, put back the compartment
and simply slid into position. cover. See Figure 29 (page 95) and
97
N-Series
Figure 31 (page 96) for the correct way to
Caution
connect/disconnect the control cable. Connecting the batteries with reverse polarity will
cause damage to the electronic systems.
14. Run the control cable from the circuit
breaker down to the control cubicle. 17. Power up control cubicle and test operation
of circuit breaker.
15. Power down the control cubicle by switching
18. Mount the aerial and run aerial feed to
off all MCBs. Note that this should be done
control cubicle or run external
whenever connecting or disconnecting the communications cable to control cubicle.
control cable from the control cubicle. Use the cable entry shown in Figure 54
Remove the cover of the control cubicle and (page 160) with a sealing 16mm gland.
feed the control cable through the bottom of 19. The circuit breaker is now ready for
the control cubicle and connect to port P1 on energising and commissioning. This should
include setting the frequency, power flow
the Control Cable Entry Module (CCEM), as
direction and the phasing. See Section 11
shown in Figure 2 (page 24). (page 73).
16. Fit batteries to the control cubicle.
Cable Tail HV cables are supplied in one of two forms: boot. Hint - as you fill the boot with grease,
Connections Fitted with a lug to be bolted to a factory fitted keep sliding it down the cable as this pushes
palm on the end of the bushing (250 or 400A). the grease up into the boot.
For cables terminated with a screw thread,
Fitted with a threaded termination that is
screwed into the bushing (630A). ensure the thread, locknut and bushing
surfaces are clean and dry. Screw the tail into
In both cases the procedure is to attach the cable the bushing by turning the whole cable tail.
to the bushing and then cover with the bushing Tighten to 65 Nm using a spanner across the
boot as detailed in the following sections, refer to brass locknut fitted. Take care to apply only
Figure 32 (page 99). twisting forces to the terminal (no shear force).
The bushing is supplied clean and protected For cables terminated with a lug, smear with
with a plastic cap. Ensure this is undisturbed aluminium jointing paste and bolt the lug to the
and the bushing body and tin plated central bushing palm with the bolt provided and
conductor or palm are clean and undamaged. tighten to a maximum of 62-65 Nm.
If the bushing has become soiled then clean
Grease the surface of the bushing, slide the
with methylated spirits. Sand or brush the
bushing boot down over the bushing while
aluminium palm to remove oxide.
rotating the boot to and fro. Fix into place using
Grease the bushing and the conductor with the the clamping ring and spanner provided. The
silicone grease provided (part number bottom of the boot should be firmly seated on
LUB058044). the top of the circuit breaker tank. During the
Unpack the cable tail and bushing boots. clamping process silicone may bleed from the
Check that the cable termination and the boot top of the boot where the cable tail comes out.
are clean and undamaged. If necessary, clean This is quite normal and can be assisted by
with methylated spirits. sliding a small screwdriver into the boot
Push the boot down the cable to a distance
alongside the cable tail. Silicone grease will
approx 1 metre from the termination (place a also come out around the bottom of the
small amount of grease on the closed end of bushing. This is quite normal. Wipe off excess
the boot to assist the boot to slide down the silicone grease with a clean cloth.
cable). Fill the bushing boot with the silicone The insulated cables supplied by the manufacturer
grease provided, starting at the closed end and are rated for use at the following voltages and
finishing approx 60mm for the open end of the ratings:
Up to 15kV 100mm minimum clearance phase to phase or phase to earth
>15kV to 38kV 150mm minimum clearance phase to phase or phase to earth
Smaller clearances may cause degradation of

cable insulation.
Surge Arrester The recloser is type tested for Impulse Withstand the manufacturer recommends the use of suitably
Mounting and Voltages up to 170kV depending on the rated surge arresters connected to each terminal
Terminating model.See "Ratings" (page 5) of the recloser.
When there is a possibility lightning or network The arresters should be mounted on the mounting
switching conditions can produce peak voltages in brackets supplied by the manufacturer and
excess of 70% of the Impulse Withstand Voltage, earthed as described in Figure 35 (page 103). If
98
Installation
Figure 32: Cable Tail Installation
the arresters are not mounted close to the recloser for their particular surge arresters and line
the protection provided by the arresters is voltages. For some types of side clamping surge
reduced. arresters, the phase/earth clearance may be
insufficient at the centre phase on the pole side at
Lightning induced damage to the recloser or
higher voltages. In this case the surge arrester can
PTCC void the warranty if surge arresters are not
be mounted on the side of the power pole or an
fitted.
increased clearance circuit breaker mounting
Mounting brackets are provided for surge arresters bracket fitted.
on the tank of the circuit breaker. This is illustrated
in Figure 34 (page 102) and Figure 36 (page 104). Connections from the surge arresters to the cable
tails can be made by stripping off the cable tail
The surge arresters can be mounted on top of the insulation and using a parallel or T type clamp to
brackets or clamped to the side of the brackets
make the connection to the cable tail. The
using the holes provided. Top holes are 12mm
connection should be made far enough up the tail
diameter, side holes are 16mm diameter. In this
so that phase/phase and phase/earth clearances
way most types of surge arrester can be
are maintained. The cable tail is watertight, so
accommodated.
additional water blocking where the insulation has
The brackets are tilted to maximise phase/phase been removed is not required, however it is good
clearance. The user should check that phase/ practice to tape the joint to maintain the cabling
phase and phase/earth clearance will be sufficient system insulation.
Protection of It is highly advisable to connect a gas discharge A feed-through or bulkhead type arrester fitted to
Radio type of surge arrester in the aerial feed to the the bottom of the control cubicle is ideal. If fitted
Equipment radio. Failure to do so will result in loss of radio internally the surge arrester should be earthed to
and control electronics protection which could lead an equipment panel mounting stud by the shortest
to complete electronic failure due to lightning possible wire. Holes are provided for a
activity. Polyphasor, IS-B50 type bulkhead surge arrester.
See Figure 54 (page 160). A suitable type of
Caution bulkhead mount surge arrester is specified in
A failure of this nature is not covered by the Appendix H (page 145)).
products general warranty arrangements.
If a surge arrester is not fitted then the co-ax earth
screen should be earthed to an equipment panel
mounting stud by the shortest possible wire.
IOEX Cabling Turn off the controller before connecting the IOEX The wiring to the IOEX must be shielded with the
to the CAPM. shield bonded to the control cubicle stud only. The
manufacturer recommends shielded 12 pair data
To ensure electromagnetic compatibility cable with a separate common for inputs and
compliance is maintained, ferrite filters should be outputs. Insulation must withstand a minimum of
fitted to all input/output IOEX cables. A suitable 150 V DC.
type of ferrite is specified in Appendix H (page Separate the CAPM cable from input/output wiring
145). as much as possible.
99
N-Series
Recloser Figure 35 (page 103) shows the earthing common The control cubicle is connected to this main earth
Earthing to all installations. bond by a tee-off. The control cubicle electronics
are internally protected from potential differences
This arrangement earths the circuit breaker frame which may occur between the circuit breaker
and the surge arresters directly to earth through a frame and control cubicle frame whilst surge
main earth bond consisting of a copper conductor currents are flowing down the main earth bond. No
of at least 16 sq. mm. Any surges will flow down other connections to earth from the control cubicle
this path. are allowed since surge currents will also flow in
those paths. Follow this arrangement on both
conducting and insulating power poles.
Caution
Do not earth surge arresters by a different path,
doing this may cause damage to the control
Keep the main earth bond physically separated
electronics or circuit breaker. Also, any aerial should from the control cable, as they run down the power
be bonded to the circuit breaker or the main earth pole, by the maximum spacing available. This
bond. should be at least 200mm for wood and concrete
poles and 150mm for steel poles.
LV Auxiliary Where LV mains are connected to the control when surge currents are flowing.Fit additional LV
Power from cubicle to provide auxiliary power the connection surge arresters to all the other LV phases (if they
Mains must connect the neutral of the LV system to a exist), to balance the supply for other users
tee-off from the main earth bond as shown in connected to the LV system.
Figure 35 (page 103).An LV surge arrester must
also be fitted from the LV phase connection to this If local conditions or wiring rules prohibit bonding
tee-off. the HV and LV systems in this way, providing the
This connection scheme bonds the LV and HV auxiliary supply to the control cubicle from the LV
earths and so protects the primary insulation of the mains system is not possible. Instead, use one of
auxiliary supply transformer in the control cubicle the alternative arrangements detailed below.
Figure 33: LV Auxiliary Supply Connection
LV Auxiliary Figure 37 (page 105) shows wiring and earthing if Figure 37 (page 105) shows that the transformer
Power from a dedicated transformer is supplied by the utility. and any steelwork is earthed to the switchgear
Dedicated Note that this should not be used to supply any tank and that one side of the transformer
Utility other equipment without consulting the secondary is earthed to the earth stud on the
Transformer equipment panel inside the control cubicle.
manufacturer to ensure that no hazard is caused
to the control cubicle electronics.
100
Installation
Auxiliary Power The manufacturer can provide a dedicated voltage breaker. To connect the transformer secondary
from Integrated transformer which connects directly into the remove the SCEM compartment cover plate, pass
Transformer control electronics. This is called an Integrated the cable which is pre-fitted with a cable gland
Auxiliary Supply. through the hole, secure the gland, connect the
The external transformer is mounted on the front auxiliary supply to the screw terminal block on the
of the tank as shown in Figure 37 (page 105) SCEM and replace the compartment cover.
which also shows suggested HV connections. The No additional earthing for Integrated Auxiliary
secondary of the external transformer connects Supply is required in addition to the common
into the SCEM on the underside of the circuit earthing shown in Figure 37 (page 105).
Transformer If the circuit breaker application involves switching Check with the manufacturer representative if
Switching unloaded transformers, ensure that the system further advice is required.
configuration is not prone to repetitive re-strike.
101
N-Series
Figure 34: HV Termination
102
Installation
Figure 35: Common earthing and LV supply
103
N-Series
Figure 36: Circuit breaker mounting and dimensions
104
Installation
Figure 37: Utility aux transformer and integrated external transformer
105
N-Series
106
Maintenance
19 Maintenance
Maintenance is carried out using standard
electricians and mechanics tools.
Circuit No user maintenance of the circuit breaker Every five years the bushings should be checked,
Breaker mechanism is required. cleaned if necessary and the pointer checked to
Maintenance The circuit breaker should be returned to the ensure it is free from mechanical obstructions. In
manufacturer for refurbishment if the mechanical areas of high atmospheric pollution more frequent
duty or breaking duty is exceeded. This is checked cleaning may be appropriate.
by examining the remaining contact life on the At suitable intervals check the gas low alarm is not
Operator Control Panel. When the remaining showing on the operator control panel. If gas low is
contact life in any phase approaches zero, the showing, recharge the circuit breaker SF6 using a
circuit breaker is worn out. gas fill adaptor (see below).
Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker SF6 recharging is carried out using fill adaptor for safety purposes, it will not
SF6 Recharging a Gas Fill Adaptor (GFA) and a standard size-D protect the circuit breaker from overpressure. If
SF6 cylinder. See Appendix H (page 145) for these excess gas is put into the circuit breaker it can
part numbers. be released by disconnecting the gas fill
adaptor from the gas cylinder.
The circuit breaker is refilled to a pressure of
35kPa on the gauge corrected by +0.46kPa for The gauge reads high while gas is flowing, so
every degree Celsius above 20 Celsius and - you will have to monitor the pressure during
0.46kPa for every degree below 20 Celsius. For the filling process. Do this by turning off the
altitudes above 1000m the gauge pressure should valve on the gauge assembly at regular
be corrected for altitude. intervals to get the correct pressure reading.
At correct pressure, turn off gauge assembly
The recharging procedure is as follows:
valve and then the cylinder valve.
Calculate the required pressure to suit the Unplug the gas fill hose valve by pushing in the
ambient conditions (see above). knurled ring on the gas fill valve.
Remove the cap from gas fill valve on the Remove the old 'O' ring from the gas fill valve
lower back of circuit breaker. and discard. Clean the 'O' ring seat on the gas
Connect the gas fill adaptor to the SF6 cylinder fill valve and cap with a clean lint-free cloth.
Grease with DOW111 silicone grease and fit a
and slowly open the valve on the cylinder to
new 'O' ring. See Appendix H (page 145) for
bleed gas into the hose. Close valve on the
suitable parts. Replace and re-tighten cap.
gauge assembly when air in the hose has
been flushed. It is recommended you use the Gas Fill Adapter
Check regulator output pressure is between for recharging. However, other SF6 charging
50-100kPa. If it needs to be reduced, wind equipment can be connected to the circuit breaker
anti-clockwise and release a small amount of with a Swagelok fitting, part number B-QM2-S-
gas to check setting. 2PF.
Push in the knurled ring on the gas fill valve

Caution
and plug in the mating part of the gas fill Any non manufacturers equipment must be suitable
adaptor hose. The circuit breaker gas pressure for the purpose, i.e., is airtight and wont allow over
should now be visible on the pressure gauge. pressure. The Swagelok fitting is not suitable for
permanent sealing and must be disconnected after
Open the valve on the gauge assembly to
the charging operation is complete. The permanent
bleed gas into the circuit breaker. This seal is formed by the o-ring in the base of the fill
operation will be carried out slowly and you valve sealing onto the cap. This o-ring must be
must take care not to over-pressurise the replaced after any recharging operation.
circuit breaker. A relief valve is fitted to the gas
Control Maintenance of the control cubicle is required

Cubicle every five years to carry out the work given below.
Maintenance
Control Cubicle Check for excessive dirt on the cubicle, particularly Ensure the louvres are not blocked and that air
Cleaning the roof, and clean off. vents and water drainage holes in the base are
open.
107
N-Series
Battery Battery replacement is recommended after a Unplug batteries and replace with new
Replacement period of five years. batteries.
The procedure is:
Turn off the battery circuit breaker.
Caution
Ensure that polarity is correct.
Turn on the battery circuit breaker and ensure

that Battery Normal status, is restored on
SYSTEM STATUS-SWITCHGEAR STATUS
Protection and Bypass the circuit breaker and carry out primary Alternatively use a Test and Training Set to
Operation injection testing to check circuit breaker protection perform secondary injection. The Test and
Check and operation. Training Set manual gives procedures for in-
service and bypassed testing of both the control
cubicle and the circuit breaker.
Door Seal Check the door sealing rubber for perishing or

undue hardening. If necessary renew the seal.
Battery Care The battery is predicted to provide good If the batteries become exhausted in service
performance for the recommended five year and are left for more than two weeks without
service period. This is based on the battery auxiliary supply being restored to the control
manufacturer's data. No battery warranty is given cubicle they should be taken out, cycled and
by the manufacturer. In some environments, an have their capacity checked before being
exceptionally high control cubicle temperature can returned to service.
mean a shorter battery replacement period.
Consult the manufacturer if you suspect your To cycle a battery, discharge with a 10 Ohm 15
environment to be excessively hot. Watt resistor to a terminal voltage of 10V. Next,
recharge it with a voltage regulated DC supply set
Once in service, batteries need little care. to 13.8V. A 3A current limited supply is
Procedures for storage and other contingencies appropriate.
are as follows:
Battery type is given in Appendix H (page 145).
Batteries should be stored at a temperature of More information on the battery care is available
between -10C to 30C and cycled every six from the battery manufacturer.
months. Batteries should be stored for a
maximum of one year.
Caution
These batteries are capable of supplying very high
Batteries should be cycled prior to putting into
currents. Always turn off the battery circuit breaker
service if they have not been cycled within
before connecting or disconnecting the batteries in
three months. When shipped by the the cubicle. Never leave flying leads connected to
manufacturer the batteries will have been the battery.
cycled within the previous 30 days.
Fault Finding If there is a problem it may be explained in If a Test and Training Set is not available then use
"Abnormal Operating Conditions" - page 110. If the circuit breaker check suggested below and
not, the fault must be traced as follows. employ substitution techniques to determine
Faults can only arise in one of the following: where the fault lies:
Circuit Breaker. Faulty circuit breaker units may be returned for
Control Cable. factory repair.
Control Cubicle.
Faulty control cables should be replaced.
The best way to determine which part is faulty is to
use a Test and Training Set to isolate the faulty Faulty control cubicles can be checked and
part. repaired as indicated below.
108
Maintenance
Control Cable The control cable is a one-to-one cable. This All pins should show a one-to-one connection less
Check means a direct end-to-end test of all the than 0.2 Ohms with no shorts between pins.
connections in the control cable can be made with
a DVM set to resistance.
Circuit Breaker Connections to the circuit breaker are available on The procedure is to test the resistance between
Check the underside of the circuit breaker and/or on the the pins on the control cable.
control cable connector where it plugs into P1 on
the Control Cable Entry Module (CCEM) at the Caution
Do not apply any tests to the circuit breaker other
bottom of the control cubicle. Some (but not all) of than those shown in the following table
these connections can be simply tested with a
hand held DMM. This can show up some circuit
breaker faults with a simple test.
Pins Test Use Expected Result
1 to 5 Resistance Trip solenoid. 1 Ohm +/- 0.5 Ohm
2 to 5 DC Voltage Auxiliary supply transformer (if 25 to 45 VDC measured with a true

fitted). This has been rectified RMS meter when the
internally so a DC full wave transformer primary is
rectified signal is present. energised.
3 to 5 Resistance Close solenoid. 2 Ohm +/- 0.5 Ohm
4 to 8 Resistance W phase CT 13 Ohm +/- 3 Ohm
12 to 16 Resistance V phase CT 13 Ohm +/- 3 Ohm
20 to 24 Resistance U phase CT 13 Ohm +/- 3 Ohm
21 to 11 Resistance Auxiliary travel switch, closed < 5 Ohm when circuit breaker is
indicates the circuit breaker is tripped.
tripped >100kOhm when circuit breaker is
closed
22 to 11 Resistance Auxiliary travel switch, closed < 5 Ohm when circuit breaker is
indicates the circuit breaker is closed.
closed >100kOhm when circuit breaker is
tripped
Circuit Breaker test
Control Cubicle Fault finding within the control cubicle involves problems (Aux Supply Fail and/or Battery
Check determining whether the fault lies in the electronic OFF) which can be traced and rectified.
modules, the wiring or elsewhere. The electronic
If the display indicates switchgear
modules are user replaceable items. Other faults
disconnected or if there are operating
require the equipment panel or the control cubicle
problems then the control cable and the CCEM
to be returned to the factory. Appendix I (page
should be inspected and replaced as required.
147) gives the control cubicle wiring schematics to
assist in re-assembly of the control cubicle wiring. If the microprocessor running LED is not
blinking, the most likely problem is loss of
A suggested fault finding approach is as follows: power. Check the presence of battery voltage
on the battery circuit breaker and the presence
If the microprocessor running LED on the of aux supply on the aux supply circuit breaker
operator panel is blinking then the CAPM and rectify as required.
micro and the Operator Panel Sub-system
(OPS) microprocessor are running. If the If power supply is present then attempt to go
operator display does not operate there is a on-line with WSOS to determine whether the
problem with the display itself and the OPS CAPM is functioning correctly. Replace the
should be replaced. CAPM or Operator Panel Sub-system as
required.
If the display is operating, check the
If this does not rectify the problem then the
SYSTEM STATUS-SWITCHGEAR STATUS
equipment panel should be returned for factory
page for an indication of any power supply repair.
109
N-Series
Replacement Electronic modules are user replaceable as the inch spacer underneath the board with a
of Electronic detailed below. These modules can be damaged spanner and remove the four M4 screws.
Modules by static electricity, water, dirt and mishandling. The electronics compartment houses the Control
Therefore replacement should only be carried out and Protection Module (CAPM) and the trip and
in a suitable place such as in a workshop and close capacitors. The compartment cover itself
carried out by competent personnel. forms part of the Operator Panel Subsystem
(OPS). For access to these parts refer CAPM
Access to the Control Cable Entry Module Replacement Procedure in the service manual.
(CCEM) is by removing its cover plate held in See Appendix I (page 147) for control cubicle
place by fixing screws. To remove the CCEM, hold wiring schematics.
Replacement It is easier to fit and remove cables from the cable

of Cables duct if they are lightly greased with silicone grease.
Fitting or For models fitted with a control cubicle heater, compartment and is set to +15C for correct
Replacing Figure 46 (page 155) shows the wiring. The operation.
Heater thermostat is located inside the electronics
Abnormal The operation of the capacitor charging inverter following features are used to protect the controller
Operating can be affected under abnormal conditions such in this situation while still allowing the circuit
Conditions as when the battery capacity is very low. The breaker to keep operating.
Low Power When the batteries are nearly exhausted, the be recharged quickly enough. Operator close and
Mode controller will change its capacitor charging mode trip operations can be performed, but at a longer
from normal to low power. In low power mode the time interval than normal. If an operator trip or
controller takes longer to charge the capacitors close request is denied, a Cap Chrg event will be
and the radio supply is shut down. A Low Power logged.
Mode event is logged whenever this happens. To return to normal power mode, either replace the
When a trip occurs in low power mode, the batteries or re-establish the auxiliary supply for a
recloser will go to lockout if the capacitors cannot minimum of 15 minutes.
Excess Close During testing it is possible to carry out so many When this happens the inverter shuts down for 5
Operations trip/close operations that the capacitor charging minutes and a Cap Excess Closes event is
inverter shuts itself down before it overheats. It logged. During this time all trip/close requests will
takes more than 20 operations within a minute to be denied.
do this and is not going to happen while in service
(it only happens during excessive testing).
110
Appendix A IEC255 Inverse Time Protection Tables
The Inverse time protection curves in this appendi- Type B - Very Inverse, for which equation is:
ces are as defined by IEC255 standard where I is Time to Trip = 13.5 / (I-1)
the actual current expressed as a multiple of the Type C - Extremely Inverse, for which equation
trip current set by the user: is:Time to Trip = 80 / (I2 - 1)
Type A - Inverse, for which equation is:Time to Tables for the times to trip for each of these curves
Trip = 0.14 / (I 0.02 - 1) are given below.
Setting Current Multiple Inverse Time Very Inverse Time (secs) Extremely Inverse Time
(secs) (secs)
1.10 73.37 135.00 380.95
1.50 17.19 27.00 64.00
2.00 10.03 13.50 26.67
2.50 7.57 9.00 15.24
3.00 6.30 6.75 10.00
3.50 5.52 5.40 7.11
4.00 4.98 4.50 5.33
4.50 4.58 3.86 4.16
5.00 4.28 3.38 3.33
5.50 4.04 3.00 2.74
6.00 3.84 2.70 2.29
6.50 3.67 2.45 1.94
7.00 3.53 2.25 1.67
7.50 3.40 2.08 1.45
8.00 3.30 1.93 1.27
8.50 3.20 1.80 1.12
9.00 3.12 1.69 1.00
9.50 3.04 1.59 0.90
10.00 2.97 1.50 0.81
10.50 2.91 1.42 0.73
11.00 2.85 1.35 0.67
11.50 2.80 1.29 0.61
12.00 2.75 1.23 0.56
12.50 2.70 1.17 0.52
13.00 2.66 1.13 0.48
13.50 2.62 1.08 0.44
14.00 2.58 1.04 0.41
14.50 2.55 1.00 0.38
15.00 2.52 0.96 0.36
15.50 2.48 0.93 0.33
16.00 2.46 0.90 0.31
16.50 2.43 0.87 0.29
17.00 2.40 0.84 0.28
17.50 2.38 0.82 0.26
18.00 2.35 0.79 0.25
18.50 2.33 0.77 0.23
19.00 2.31 0.75 0.22
19.50 2.29 0.73 0.21
20.00 2.27 0.71 0.20
IEC255 Inverse Time Protection table
111
N-Series
Setting Current Multiple Inverse Time Very Inverse Time (secs) Extremely Inverse Time
(secs) (secs)
20.50 2.24 0.69 0.19
21.00 2.23 0.68 0.18
21.50 2.21 0.66 0.17
22.00 2.20 0.64 0.17
22.50 2.18 0.63 0.16
23.00 2.16 0.61 0.15
23.50 2.15 0.60 0.15
24.00 2.13 0.59 0.14
24.50 2.12 0.57 0.13
25.00 2.11 0.56 0.13
25.50 2.09 0.55 0.12
26.00 2.08 0.54 0.12
26.50 2.07 0.53 0.11
27.00 2.05 0.52 0.11
27.50 2.04 0.51 0.11
28.00 2.03 0.50 0.10
28.50 2.02 0.49 0.10
29.00 2.01 0.48 0.10
29.50 2.00 0.47 0.09
30.00 1.99 0.47 0.09
IEC255 Inverse Time Protection table
112
Appendix B IEEE Inverse Time Protection Tables
The Inverse time protection curves in this appendi- Time to Trip = (19.61 / (I2 - 1)) + 0.491
ces are as defined by IEEE Std C37.112-1996 Std Extremely Inverse, for which equation is:
standard where I is the actual current expressed
as a multiple of the trip current set by the user: Time to Trip = (28.2 / (I2 - 1)) + 0.1217
Std Moderately inverse, for which equation is: Tables for the times to trip for each of these curves
are given below.
Time to Trip = (0.0515 / (I 0.02 - 1)) + 0.114
Std Very inverse, for which equation is:
Setting Current Multiple Std Moderately Inverse Std Very Inverse Time Std Extremely Inverse
Time (secs) (secs) Time (secs)
1.10 27.11 93.87 134.41
1.50 6.44 16.18 22.68
2.00 3.80 7.03 9.52
2.50 2.90 4.23 5.49
3.00 2.43 2.94 3.65
3.50 2.14 2.23 2.63
4.00 1.95 1.80 2.00
4.50 1.80 1.51 1.59
5.00 1.69 1.31 1.30
5.50 1.60 1.16 1.09
6.00 1.53 1.05 0.93
6.50 1.46 0.97 0.81
7.00 1.41 0.90 0.71
7.50 1.37 0.85 0.63
8.00 1.33 0.80 0.57
8.50 1.29 0.77 0.52
9.00 1.26 0.74 0.47
9.50 1.23 0.71 0.44
10.00 1.21 0.69 0.41
10.50 1.18 0.67 0.38
11.00 1.16 0.65 0.36
11.50 1.14 0.64 0.34
12.00 1.12 0.63 0.32
12.50 1.11 0.62 0.30
13.00 1.09 0.61 0.29
13.50 1.08 0.60 0.28
14.00 1.06 0.59 0.27
14.50 1.05 0.58 0.26
15.00 1.04 0.58 0.25
15.50 1.03 0.57 0.24
16.00 1.02 0.57 0.23
16.50 1.01 0.56 0.23
17.00 1.00 0.56 0.22
17.50 0.99 0.56 0.21
18.00 0.98 0.55 0.21
18.50 0.97 0.55 0.20
19.00 0.96 0.55 0.20
19.50 0.96 0.54 0.20
IEEE Inverse Time Protection table
113
N-Series
Setting Current Multiple Std Moderately Inverse Std Very Inverse Time Std Extremely Inverse
Time (secs) (secs) Time (secs)
20.00 0.95 0.54 0.19
20.50 0.94 0.54 0.19
21.00 0.93 0.54 0.19
21.50 0.93 0.53 0.18
22.00 0.92 0.53 0.18
22.50 0.92 0.53 0.18
23.00 0.91 0.53 0.18
23.50 0.90 0.53 0.17
24.00 0.90 0.53 0.17
24.50 0.89 0.52 0.17
25.00 0.89 0.52 0.17
25.50 0.88 0.52 0.17
26.00 0.88 0.52 0.16
26.50 0.87 0.52 0.16
27.00 0.87 0.52 0.16
27.50 0.87 0.52 0.16
28.00 0.86 0.52 0.16
28.50 0.86 0.52 0.16
29.00 0.85 0.51 0.16
29.50 0.85 0.51 0.15
30.00 0.85 0.51 0.15
IEEE Inverse Time Protection table
114
Appendix C Non-Standard Inverse Time Protection Curves
The 42 Inverse time protection curves in this
appendix are non-standard inverse curves.
Tables for the times to trip for each of these curves
are given below.
Setting TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC
Multiple 010 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 111
Current
1.10 0.145 0.100 0.214 0.301 0.445 0.705 1.015 1.218 2.589
1.50 0.100 0.036 0.065 0.128 0.252 0.351 0.396 0.597 1.121
2.00 0.080 0.022 0.028 0.075 0.155 0.232 0.203 0.291 0.651
2.50 0.069 0.019 0.022 0.052 0.107 0.171 0.117 0.159 0.443
3.00 0.060 0.017 0.019 0.040 0.067 0.137 0.073 0.095 0.325
3.50 0.056 0.016 0.017 0.033 0.040 0.113 0.046 0.055 0.250
4.00 0.053 0.016 0.016 0.029 0.028 0.097 0.030 0.034 0.201
4.50 0.050 0.015 0.016 0.025 0.022 0.085 0.022 0.024 0.169
5.00 0.048 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.019 0.076 0.019 0.020 0.146
5.50 0.046 0.015 0.016 0.020 0.017 0.068 0.016 0.017 0.127
6.00 0.045 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.016 0.059 0.015 0.016 0.113
6.50 0.044 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.015 0.053 0.013 0.015 0.101
7.00 0.043 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.014 0.048 0.013 0.014 0.091
7.50 0.042 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.013 0.043 0.012 0.013 0.083
8.00 0.041 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.038 0.011 0.013 0.076
8.50 0.041 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.012 0.033 0.011 0.013 0.069
9.00 0.040 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.011 0.030 0.011 0.012 0.063
9.50 0.040 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.011 0.027 0.011 0.012 0.057
10.00 0.039 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.011 0.025 0.011 0.012 0.053
10.50 0.039 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.024 0.011 0.012 0.049
11.00 0.039 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.022 0.011 0.011 0.045
11.50 0.039 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.021 0.011 0.011 0.041
12.00 0.038 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.011 0.011 0.038
12.50 0.038 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.019 0.011 0.011 0.036
13.00 0.038 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.018 0.011 0.011 0.033
13.50 0.037 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.031
14.00 0.037 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.016 0.011 0.011 0.030
14.50 0.037 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.016 0.011 0.011 0.029
15.00 0.037 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.011 0.027
15.50 0.037 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.011 0.026
16.00 0.036 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.025
16.50 0.036 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.024
17.00 0.036 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.023
17.50 0.036 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.023
18.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.022
18.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.022
19.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.021
19.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.021
20.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.020
20.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.020
Non-standard Inverse Time Protection table, TCC 010-111
115
N-Series
Multiple 010 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 111
Current
21.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.019
21.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.019
22.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.019
22.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.018
23.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.018
23.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.018
24.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.017
24.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.017
25.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.017
25.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.017
26.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
26.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
27.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
27.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
28.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
28.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
29.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
29.50 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
30.00 0.035 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.016
116
Multiple 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Current
1.10 2.415 2.954 6.054 4.692 5.752 5.396 6.949 6.401 9.354
1.50 1.024 1.264 2.376 1.792 2.301 2.291 2.511 2.505 3.755
2.00 0.563 0.704 1.398 0.726 1.216 1.396 1.248 1.518 2.013
2.50 0.356 0.467 0.952 0.374 0.748 0.920 0.754 1.145 1.302
3.00 0.257 0.358 0.699 0.219 0.499 0.649 0.523 0.940 0.925
3.50 0.198 0.293 0.532 0.141 0.351 0.489 0.384 0.809 0.696
4.00 0.158 0.259 0.420 0.096 0.259 0.391 0.295 0.716 0.549
4.50 0.132 0.233 0.334 0.067 0.200 0.321 0.234 0.652 0.462
5.00 0.113 0.215 0.261 0.049 0.159 0.270 0.193 0.602 0.398
5.50 0.099 0.203 0.206 0.038 0.129 0.231 0.162 0.572 0.348
6.00 0.088 0.196 0.164 0.030 0.107 0.200 0.139 0.549 0.311
6.50 0.079 0.189 0.127 0.025 0.090 0.176 0.121 0.529 0.281
7.00 0.073 0.185 0.098 0.021 0.078 0.156 0.107 0.512 0.257
7.50 0.068 0.182 0.076 0.019 0.068 0.140 0.096 0.499 0.236
8.00 0.063 0.180 0.053 0.018 0.060 0.126 0.087 0.487 0.220
8.50 0.059 0.179 0.038 0.017 0.053 0.115 0.078 0.477 0.207
9.00 0.056 0.177 0.032 0.016 0.048 0.105 0.071 0.468 0.195
9.50 0.053 0.176 0.028 0.015 0.043 0.097 0.066 0.461 0.185
10.00 0.050 0.175 0.025 0.014 0.039 0.089 0.060 0.455 0.175
10.50 0.048 0.174 0.024 0.014 0.036 0.083 0.056 0.452 0.167
11.00 0.046 0.174 0.022 0.014 0.034 0.078 0.051 0.448 0.161
11.50 0.044 0.173 0.021 0.014 0.031 0.073 0.048 0.445 0.155
12.00 0.043 0.172 0.020 0.014 0.029 0.068 0.045 0.441 0.150
12.50 0.041 0.172 0.019 0.014 0.027 0.064 0.042 0.439 0.145
13.00 0.040 0.172 0.018 0.014 0.026 0.059 0.040 0.436 0.141
13.50 0.039 0.171 0.018 0.014 0.024 0.055 0.037 0.434 0.137
14.00 0.038 0.171 0.017 0.014 0.023 0.052 0.035 0.432 0.134
14.50 0.037 0.171 0.017 0.014 0.022 0.048 0.034 0.431 0.130
15.00 0.036 0.170 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.044 0.032 0.429 0.128
15.50 0.035 0.170 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.041 0.031 0.429 0.126
16.00 0.034 0.170 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.039 0.030 0.428 0.124
16.50 0.033 0.170 0.015 0.014 0.018 0.037 0.029 0.427 0.122
17.00 0.032 0.169 0.015 0.014 0.017 0.035 0.028 0.427 0.121
17.50 0.032 0.169 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.033 0.026 0.426 0.119
18.00 0.031 0.169 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.031 0.025 0.426 0.117
18.50 0.031 0.169 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.030 0.025 0.425 0.115
19.00 0.030 0.168 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.029 0.024 0.425 0.114
19.50 0.030 0.168 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.028 0.023 0.424 0.113
20.00 0.029 0.168 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.027 0.022 0.424 0.111
20.50 0.029 0.168 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.026 0.022 0.423 0.110
21.00 0.028 0.167 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.026 0.021 0.423 0.109
21.50 0.028 0.167 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.025 0.020 0.422 0.108
22.00 0.028 0.167 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.025 0.020 0.422 0.106
22.50 0.027 0.167 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.024 0.019 0.422 0.105
23.00 0.027 0.167 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.024 0.019 0.421 0.104
23.50 0.027 0.166 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.023 0.019 0.421 0.103
117
N-Series
Multiple 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Current
24.00 0.026 0.166 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.023 0.018 0.421 0.102
24.50 0.026 0.166 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.023 0.018 0.421 0.102
25.00 0.026 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.022 0.018 0.421 0.101
25.50 0.026 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.022 0.017 0.421 0.100
26.00 0.026 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.021 0.017 0.421 0.099
26.50 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.021 0.017 0.421 0.098
27.00 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.021 0.017 0.421 0.098
27.50 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.097
28.00 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.096
28.50 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.096
29.00 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.095
29.50 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.095
30.00 0.025 0.166 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.421 0.095
118
Multiple 121 122 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
Current
1.10 8.877 8.219 10.610 13.732 13.716 11.367 13.660 15.655 19.198
1.50 1.145 4.430 8.306 4.460 5.602 4.790 6.369 4.658 10.162
2.00 0.019 2.616 7.106 2.586 3.020 2.387 3.677 2.781 6.495
2.50 0.014 1.689 6.425 1.571 1.920 1.507 2.566 1.884 4.756
3.00 0.012 1.102 6.101 1.002 1.329 1.079 1.969 1.339 3.667
3.50 0.011 0.653 5.901 0.722 0.973 0.847 1.616 1.024 2.933
4.00 0.011 0.347 5.730 0.552 0.754 0.698 1.367 0.833 2.416
4.50 0.011 0.114 5.624 0.438 0.613 0.617 1.197 0.686 2.006
5.00 0.011 0.037 5.537 0.353 0.511 0.553 1.072 0.550 1.694
5.50 0.011 0.022 5.460 0.287 0.432 0.508 0.974 0.448 1.464
6.00 0.011 0.019 5.398 0.236 0.371 0.484 0.900 0.367 1.287
6.50 0.011 0.017 5.359 0.198 0.323 0.463 0.849 0.304 1.155
7.00 0.011 0.016 5.334 0.169 0.284 0.446 0.805 0.252 1.062
7.50 0.011 0.015 5.312 0.146 0.253 0.436 0.767 0.210 0.990
8.00 0.011 0.014 5.290 0.127 0.227 0.432 0.735 0.172 0.928
8.50 0.011 0.013 5.269 0.110 0.205 0.427 0.711 0.142 0.873
9.00 0.011 0.013 5.251 0.097 0.186 0.423 0.689 0.116 0.824
9.50 0.011 0.012 5.233 0.086 0.170 0.419 0.670 0.087 0.786
10.00 0.011 0.012 5.216 0.077 0.157 0.416 0.651 0.064 0.753
10.50 0.011 0.012 5.210 0.070 0.146 0.415 0.635 0.049 0.730
11.00 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.064 0.137 0.415 0.619 0.038 0.714
11.50 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.058 0.128 0.415 0.607 0.032 0.699
12.00 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.053 0.121 0.415 0.599 0.029 0.685
12.50 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.049 0.115 0.415 0.591 0.026 0.671
13.00 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.046 0.109 0.415 0.584 0.024 0.662
13.50 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.043 0.103 0.415 0.577 0.022 0.653
14.00 0.011 0.011 5.208 0.040 0.098 0.415 0.571 0.021 0.645
14.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.037 0.093 0.415 0.566 0.020 0.640
15.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.035 0.089 0.415 0.561 0.019 0.635
15.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.033 0.085 0.415 0.556 0.018 0.629
16.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.032 0.082 0.415 0.553 0.017 0.626
16.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.030 0.078 0.415 0.551 0.017 0.622
17.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.029 0.076 0.415 0.549 0.017 0.619
17.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.027 0.074 0.415 0.548 0.016 0.616
18.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.026 0.072 0.415 0.546 0.016 0.614
18.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.025 0.070 0.415 0.544 0.015 0.612
19.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.023 0.068 0.415 0.543 0.015 0.610
19.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.023 0.066 0.415 0.541 0.015 0.608
20.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.022 0.065 0.415 0.539 0.015 0.606
20.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.022 0.063 0.415 0.538 0.015 0.605
21.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.021 0.061 0.415 0.537 0.015 0.603
21.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.021 0.060 0.415 0.535 0.015 0.602
22.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.020 0.058 0.415 0.534 0.015 0.602
22.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.020 0.057 0.415 0.533 0.015 0.602
23.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.019 0.056 0.415 0.531 0.015 0.602
23.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.019 0.054 0.415 0.530 0.015 0.602
119
N-Series
Multiple 121 122 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
Current
24.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.018 0.054 0.415 0.529 0.015 0.602
24.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.018 0.053 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
25.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.018 0.052 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
25.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.018 0.051 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
26.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.051 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
26.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.050 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
27.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.049 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
27.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.049 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
28.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.048 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
28.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.047 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
29.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.047 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
29.50 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.046 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
30.00 0.011 0.011 5.207 0.017 0.046 0.415 0.528 0.015 0.602
120
Multiple 138 139 140 141 142 151 152 161 162
Current
1.10 20.647 15.250 25.082 19.763 36.299 38.923 72.701 19.879 27.549
1.50 9.741 5.097 10.141 15.227 16.543 11.551 45.263 3.860 8.109
2.00 5.905 2.889 5.802 13.159 9.181 5.848 39.251 1.688 3.793
2.50 4.115 1.943 4.122 12.159 5.868 3.688 36.458 1.002 2.331
3.00 3.117 1.446 3.254 11.511 3.711 2.545 35.035 0.686 1.570
3.50 2.493 1.139 2.708 11.095 2.372 1.888 33.905 0.494 1.117
4.00 1.949 0.929 2.323 10.860 1.507 1.489 32.987 0.371 0.819
4.50 1.583 0.776 2.057 10.655 1.101 1.244 32.235 0.299 0.615
5.00 1.299 0.661 1.857 10.486 0.849 1.068 31.587 0.248 0.486
5.50 1.085 0.564 1.695 10.419 0.701 0.973 31.014 0.209 0.394
6.00 0.925 0.486 1.590 10.383 0.595 0.894 30.568 0.180 0.325
6.50 0.802 0.423 1.506 10.351 0.511 0.828 30.234 0.158 0.274
7.00 0.703 0.373 1.434 10.321 0.445 0.773 29.955 0.140 0.235
7.50 0.625 0.332 1.372 10.293 0.391 0.728 29.690 0.126 0.206
8.00 0.561 0.297 1.315 10.267 0.346 0.687 29.441 0.114 0.182
8.50 0.508 0.268 1.268 10.243 0.310 0.652 29.226 0.105 0.162
9.00 0.462 0.242 1.226 10.220 0.279 0.622 29.021 0.097 0.145
9.50 0.422 0.221 1.197 10.199 0.253 0.600 28.880 0.091 0.130
10.00 0.388 0.202 1.168 10.180 0.231 0.579 28.768 0.085 0.117
10.50 0.360 0.185 1.144 10.175 0.211 0.565 28.661 0.079 0.106
11.00 0.337 0.171 1.119 10.175 0.194 0.551 28.564 0.075 0.097
11.50 0.315 0.158 1.098 10.175 0.179 0.539 28.463 0.071 0.089
12.00 0.297 0.146 1.079 10.175 0.166 0.529 28.376 0.067 0.082
12.50 0.280 0.135 1.060 10.175 0.154 0.518 28.290 0.064 0.076
13.00 0.265 0.126 1.053 10.175 0.144 0.514 28.201 0.061 0.071
13.50 0.253 0.117 1.046 10.175 0.132 0.509 28.135 0.059 0.067
14.00 0.242 0.110 1.038 10.175 0.121 0.504 28.068 0.057 0.063
14.50 0.232 0.103 1.032 10.175 0.112 0.499 27.998 0.054 0.060
15.00 0.224 0.096 1.026 10.175 0.103 0.495 27.971 0.052 0.056
15.50 0.216 0.090 1.020 10.175 0.095 0.491 27.955 0.051 0.053
16.00 0.208 0.085 1.014 10.175 0.088 0.487 27.939 0.049 0.050
16.50 0.201 0.080 1.009 10.175 0.081 0.485 27.924 0.047 0.048
17.00 0.195 0.074 1.003 10.175 0.076 0.482 27.910 0.046 0.045
17.50 0.190 0.070 0.998 10.175 0.070 0.479 27.897 0.045 0.042
18.00 0.184 0.065 0.996 10.175 0.066 0.477 27.883 0.043 0.040
18.50 0.197 0.062 0.995 10.175 0.062 0.475 27.869 0.043 0.038
19.00 0.175 0.058 0.994 10.175 0.059 0.472 27.857 0.042 0.036
19.50 0.171 0.055 0.993 10.175 0.056 0.470 27.845 0.041 0.034
20.00 0.168 0.051 0.992 10.175 0.053 0.469 27.833 0.040 0.033
20.50 0.154 0.049 0.991 10.175 0.050 0.468 27.821 0.040 0.031
21.00 0.161 0.046 0.990 10.175 0.048 0.468 27.809 0.039 0.030
21.50 0.158 0.043 0.990 10.175 0.046 0.468 27.799 0.038 0.029
22.00 0.155 0.041 0.989 10.175 0.045 0.467 27.788 0.038 0.028
22.50 0.152 0.039 0.988 10.175 0.043 0.467 27.777 0.037 0.027
23.00 0.149 0.037 0.988 10.175 0.042 0.467 27.766 0.036 0.026
23.50 0.146 0.035 0.987 10.175 0.040 0.467 27.757 0.036 0.026
121
N-Series
Multiple 138 139 140 141 142 151 152 161 162
Current
24.00 0.144 0.033 0.986 10.175 0.039 0.466 27.751 0.035 0.025
24.50 0.142 0.031 0.986 10.175 0.038 0.466 27.746 0.035 0.024
25.00 0.140 0.030 0.985 10.175 0.037 0.466 27.740 0.034 0.024
25.50 0.137 0.028 0.985 10.175 0.037 0.466 27.735 0.033 0.023
26.00 0.135 0.027 0.985 10.175 0.036 0.465 27.729 0.033 0.023
26.50 0.134 0.026 0.985 10.175 0.035 0.465 27.725 0.033 0.022
27.00 0.133 0.025 0.984 10.175 0.034 0.465 27.722 0.032 0.022
27.50 0.132 0.024 0.984 10.175 0.034 0.464 27.720 0.032 0.021
28.00 0.131 0.023 0.984 10.175 0.033 0.464 27.717 0.031 0.021
28.50 0.131 0.022 0.984 10.175 0.033 0.464 27.714 0.031 0.020
29.00 0.130 0.022 0.984 10.175 0.032 0.464 27.711 0.031 0.020
29.50 0.129 0.021 0.984 10.175 0.032 0.464 27.709 0.031 0.020
30.00 0.129 0.021 0.984 10.175 0.032 0.464 27.709 0.031 0.020
Setting TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC

Multiple 163 164 165 200 201 202
Current
1.10 33.228 53.091 84.512 74.687 122.30 125.06
1.50 3.747 18.503 31.451 17.354 27.161 64.047
2.00 1.356 7.916 12.916 10.039 13.506 26.654
2.50 0.720 4.318 5.994 7.583 9.012 15.234
3.00 0.482 2.596 3.199 6.323 6.770 10.004
3.50 0.356 1.715 2.051 5.530 5.410 7.109
4.00 0.276 1.162 1.463 4.985 4.505 5.335
4.50 0.222 0.787 1.102 4.588 3.860 4.154
5.00 0.187 0.556 0.866 4.286 3.380 3.333
5.50 0.161 0.420 0.714 4.044 3.006 2.735
6.00 0.140 0.333 0.602 3.844 2.705 2.286
6.50 0.123 0.272 0.515 3.671 2.456 1.940
7.00 0.109 0.228 0.450 3.533 2.254 1.667
7.50 0.097 0.197 0.397 3.409 2.081 1.448
8.00 0.087 0.174 0.352 3.300 1.931 1.270
8.50 0.078 0.155 0.317 3.206 1.804 1.123
9.00 0.070 0.140 0.287 3.119 1.690 1.000
9.50 0.064 0.127 0.262 3.044 1.591 0.897
10.00 0.058 0.116 0.240 2.974 1.502 0.808
10.50 0.054 0.106 0.221 2.910 1.422 0.732
11.00 0.049 0.098 0.205 2.854 1.353 0.667
11.50 0.046 0.090 0.190 2.797 1.286 0.610
12.00 0.042 0.085 0.178 2.751 1.229 0.560
12.50 0.040 0.080 0.166 2.705 1.176 0.516
13.00 0.037 0.075 0.156 2.660 1.125 0.476
13.50 0.035 0.071 0.145 2.623 1.082 0.441
14.00 0.033 0.068 0.135 2.586 1.040 0.410
14.50 0.031 0.065 0.126 2.549 1.001 0.382
122
Setting TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC
Multiple 163 164 165 200 201 202
Current
15.00 0.030 0.062 0.117 2.518 0.966 0.357
15.50 0.028 0.059 0.110 2.488 0.933 0.335
16.00 0.027 0.057 0.103 2.458 0.901 0.314
16.50 0.026 0.055 0.096 2.429 0.871 0.295
17.00 0.025 0.053 0.091 2.404 0.845 0.278
17.50 0.023 0.051 0.086 2.380 0.820 0.262
18.00 0.022 0.049 0.081 2.355 0.795 0.248
18.50 0.022 0.048 0.077 2.330 0.772 0.234
19.00 0.021 0.047 0.072 2.310 0.751 0.222
19.50 0.020 0.045 0.069 2.290 0.731 0.211
20.00 0.019 0.044 0.065 2.270 0.712 0.200
20.50 0.019 0.043 0.062 2.249 0.693 0.191
21.00 0.018 0.042 0.059 2.231 0.676 0.182
21.50 0.018 0.040 0.057 2.214 0.660 0.173
22.00 0.018 0.039 0.055 2.198 0.644 0.166
22.50 0.017 0.038 0.053 2.181 0.629 0.159
23.00 0.017 0.037 0.051 2.164 0.614 0.152
23.50 0.017 0.036 0.049 2.149 0.601 0.145
24.00 0.017 0.036 0.047 2.135 0.588 0.139
24.50 0.016 0.035 0.046 2.122 0.576 0.134
25.00 0.016 0.034 0.044 2.108 0.564 0.129
25.50 0.016 0.033 0.043 2.094 0.552 0.124
26.00 0.016 0.033 0.042 2.080 0.541 0.119
26.50 0.015 0.032 0.041 2.068 0.530 0.114
27.00 0.015 0.031 0.040 2.056 0.520 0.110
27.50 0.015 0.031 0.040 2.045 0.510 0.106
28.00 0.014 0.030 0.039 2.034 0.501 0.103
28.50 0.014 0.030 0.039 2.022 0.492 0.099
29.00 0.014 0.029 0.038 2.011 0.482 0.096
29.50 0.014 0.029 0.038 2.001 0.475 0.093
30.00 0.014 0.029 0.038 2.001 0.475 0.093
123
N-Series
124
Appendix D System Status Pages
This appendix shows all the System Status group all the possible text displays are shown, one below
of pages on the Operator Control Panel display. the other. For example, in the table overleaf for the
See Section 6 (page 25) to Section 9
page:
(page 39) for more information on the data. SYSTEM STATUS - OPERATOR SETTINGS
The top line of the display is the page title. To the
the first data field can be either:
right of the title is a letter, these have significance
as follows: LOCAL CONTROL ON, or
Remote Control ON
S System Status Display Group
The letters in the small columns to the right of
P Protection Display Group each display text column indicate the type of data
displayed. These have significance as follows2
M Measurement Display Group
O Operator Controlled
The next three lines are the data on display. Most
displays have six data fields. These lines are D Display Only (i.e. cannot be changed)
shown in the following tables.
P Password Protected (i.e. can only be changed if the
Typical or default values are shown in the tables. password is known)
For example Reclose Time 0.5 sec is shown for
R Operator Controlled Reset (i.e. resets a field or group
the reclose time setting. When the user views of fields)
display it would show the actual setting, e.g.
Reclose Time 3.0 sec.1
Where the display field can have alternative text
(e.g. SEF Protection ON or SEF Protection OFF)
Fault Flags
Trip Flags
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TRIP FLAGS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - S
O/C 00-99 ABC I LOP 00-99 ABC Ext 00-99
E/F 00-99 I UOV 00-99 FRQ 00-99a
SEF 00-99 NPS 00-99 I OPS 0001
Pickup Flags
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PICKUP FLAGS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - S
O/C 00-99 ABC I LOP 00-99 ABC
E/F 00-99 I FRQ 00-99a
SEF 00-99 NPS 00-99 I OPS 0001
1. Different default values from those shown may be factory loaded.

2. These letters do not appear on the actual display
125
N-Series
Operator
Settings 1 OPERATOR SETTINGS 1 S
LOCAL CONTROL ON O E/F OFF, SEF OFF O

Remote Control On E/F ON, SEF OFF
Hit and Run E/F ON, SEF ON
E/F ON
E/F OFF
The options appearing in this field are dependent on
the SEF and E/F Control settings. See Section 9
(page 39)
Auto Reclose OFF O NPS OFF O

Auto Reclose ON NPS ON
Protection OFFa NPS Prot Alarm
Lockout D Protection Auto b c O
Single Shot Active (blank in normal operation) Prot A, B, , J Actived O
Reclose 1 Auto A Active2 D
Reclose 2 Auto B Active2 D
Reclose 3 .
a. If {SYSTEM STATUS-OPTIONS 1:Prot OFF Not Allowed} is configured then this option is not shown.
b. Navigation of this field starts with Protection Auto (when configured) to minimise key presses.
c. If {SYSTEN STATUS-OPTIONS 1:APGS Not Allowed} is configured then this option is not shown.
d. One of ten different Protection Groups (A-J) can be active. Foe example, if Protection Group D is active the display
will read {Prot D Active}.
Operator
settings 2 OPERATOR SETTINGS 2 S
Cold Load OFF Cold Load IDLE O

Cold Load NO CHANGE
Cold Load MAX
CLP120min x 2.3 multa
a. This field is display only when configured as Cold Load ON.
Switchgear
Status
SWITCHGEAR STATUS S
Work Tag OFF P SF6 Normal 35kPag D

Work Tag Applied SF6 Low 5kPag
SF6 Pressure Invalid
Aux Supply Normal D BtyNormal X.XV D

Aux Supply Fail Bty Off X.XV
Bty Low Volts X.XV
Bty Overvolt X.XV
ACR Connected D ACR Data Valid D

ACR Unplugged ACR Data Invalid
126
Live/Dead
Indication
LIVE/DEAD INDICATION S
A1 Live D A2 Live
A1 Dead A2 Dead
B1 Live D B2 Live
B1 Dead B2 Dead
C1 Live D C2 Live
C1 Dead C2 Dead
Phase Voltage
and Power
Flow PHASE VOLTAGE and POWER FLOW S
LIVE if > 2000V P Supply Timeout 4.0s P
Power Flow Signed P Source 1, Load 2 P

Power Flow Unsigned Source 2, Load 1
Display Ph/Ph Volt P System Freq 50Hz P

Display Ph/Earth Volt System Freq 60Hz
Switchgear
Terminal
Designation SWITCHGEAR TERMINAL DESIGNATION S
U1 / U2 Bushings A Phase a. P
V1 / V2 Bushings B Phase
W1 / W2 Bushings C Phase
a. The phase designations can be rotated from this field by pressing the arrow key (ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB,
CBA)
Radio and
Time Set
RADIO and TIME SET S
Radio Supply OFF O Radio Supply 12V P

Radio Supply ON
Radio ShutDown
See Radio/Modem Power - page 87 for further details.
Radio Hold 60 min P
Date/Time O 10/01/2001 10:55:12 D
Switchgear
Type and
Ratings
SWITCHGEAR TYPE and RATINGS S
Recloser D S/N NP-101005 D
12500A Interruption D Rated 12000 Volts D
630A Continuous D 1292 Operations D
127
N-Series
Switchgear
Wear/General
Details SWITCHGEAR WEAR/GENERAL DETAILS S
U Contact 75.6% D CAPM S/N NP-101234 D
V Contact 75.6% D Software 028-01.00 D
W Contact 74.5% D Configuration 10087 D
Capability
CAPABILITYa S
N Recloser (Inter) Manual NSR01-10**b D
WSOS P9 Local Manual N00-218 D
WSOS P8 Remote c Manual N00-402 R00+ D
a. Additional lines can be viewed by pressing the SELECT key.

b. Refer to back cover of this publication.
c. Some software configurations will support another protocol on Port P8 as an alternative to WSOS.
Options 1
OPTIONS 1 S
SEF Available P Prot OFF Allowed P

SEF Not Available Prot OFF Not Allowed
Gas Low Lockout OFF P E/F OFF Allowed

Gas Low Lockout ON E/F OFF Not Allowed P
NPS OFF Allowed P

NPS OFF Not Allowed
Options 2
OPTIONS 2 S
DIRB Not Available P Loop Auto Not Avail P

DIRB Available Loop Auto Available
LOP/Loop Auto Unlinkeda P Dead Lockout OFF P

Dead Lockout ON
LOP/Loop Auto Linkedb
English (Intl) P GenCtrl Not Avail

Idioma Espanol GenCtrl Available
Lingua Portugesa
a. Default setting.
b. Only displayed when Loop Automation is made available.
Options 3
OPTIONS 3 S
APGS Allowed P APGS Change 60s P

APGS Not Allowed
ACO Not Available P RDI Available P

ACO Available RDI Not Available
Aux Supply Evts ON P UOV Available P

Aux Supply Evts OFF UOV Not Available
128
Quick Key
selection
QUICK KEY SELECTION S
Text Description of QK1 P Text Description of QK3 P
Text Description of QK2 P Text Description of QK4 P
WSOS Port P8
Comms
Change-Of-State OFF P Baud 9600 P

Change-Of-State ON Selection in the range 600, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200
P8 Not Available D
Offline
Dialling
Online
Dialup Number Default 0, max 18 digit number P
WSOS Port P9
Comms
Baud 9600 P Mode Local P

Selection in the range 600, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200 Mode Remotea
a. The default may not be LOCAL if the CAPM database is configured differently.
IOEX Status
IOEX Status S
Inputs 1 * 12 D Local P
Remote
Outputs 1**8 D IOEX OK D

Invalid Map
Initialising
Unplugged
Wrong Type
Standard IOEX Mapping.a D
a. Any Custom Mapping will be detailed in this text field.
Hit and Run
Hit and Run S
Hit/Run Close OFF P Hit/Run Trip OFF P

Hit/Run Close 120s Hit/Run Trip 120s
129
N-Series
130
Appendix E Protection Pages
This appendix shows all the Protection Group of appendix. See Section 9 (page 39) for more
pages on the Operator Control Panel display. information on protection operation.
Appendix D (page 125) explains the format of this
Protection
Setting 1 (A-J) PROTECTION SETTING 1 (A J) P
Group A J Displayed P Copy OFFa P

Copy from # to A
Copy from # to B
Copy from # to C
Copy from # to D
Copy from # to E
Copy from # to F
Copy from # to G
Copy from # to H
Copy from # to I
Copy from # to J
Copy from # to ALL (except #)
Copy # Incompleteb
Copy ALL Incomplete
Phase Trip 200 Amp P Earth Trip 40 Amp P
Phase Threshold 1.1 P Earth Threshold 1.1 P
a. Use Select key to scroll through the options. When either the Menu or Enter key is pressed, the copy is performed
and the field defaults to the Copy OFF display.
b. Advises failure of the copy system.
Protection
NPS Trip 40 Amp P Seq Reset Time 30s P
NPS Threshold 1.1 P Flt Reset Time 50ms P
NPS Trips to Lockout 1 P SS Reset Time 1s P
Protection
SEF Trip 4 Amp P Live Load Block OFFa P

Live Load Block ON
See Power Flow Direction - page 73 and Under and
Over Frequency Protection (CAPM 5 only) - page 49.
SEF Trips Lockout 1 P Maximum Time OFF

Maximum Time 2.0s
Trips to Lockout 4 P Sequence Control OFF P

Sequence Control ON
a. In order for this function to work correctly, the unit must be programmed with the correct Power Flow direction
131
N-Series
Protection
High Lockout OFF P Loss Phase Prot OFF P

High Lockout ON Loss Phase Prot ON
Loss Phase Prot Alm
High Lockout 5000A P Phase Lost @ 10000V P
Activation Trip 1 P Phase Lost 10.0s P

Activation Trip 2
Activation Trip 3
Activation Trip 4
Protection
Inrush OFF P Cold Load OFF P

Inrush ON Cold Load ON
Inrush Time 0.10s P Cold Load Time 120m P
Inrush Mult x 4.0 P Cold Load Mult x 2.0 P
Directional
Blocking 1 P
DIRECTIONAL BLOCKING 1a
Phase: Trip Fwd&Rev P Low V Block OFF P

Phase: Trip Rev Low V Block ON
Phase: Trip Fwd
Earth: Trip Fwd&Rev P Low Vo Block OFF P

Earth: Trip Rev Low Vo Block ON
Earth: Trip Fwd
SEF: Trip Fwd&Rev P Low Vo Block OFF P

SEF: Trip Rev Low Vo Block ON
SEF: Trip Fwd
a. The Directional Blocking pages are not displayed if {SYSTEM STATUS OPTIONS 2: DIRB Not Available} is set.
Directional
Blocking 2 P
Phase Characteristic Angle45 Deg P
Earth Characteristic Angle -180 Deg P
Directional
Blocking 3 P
Nom P-E Volts 6.3kV P Vo Balance DISABLED P

Vo Balance ENABLED P
Vo Balance Paused D
Vo Balancing D
Min Earth Vo 20% P Min SEF Vo 5% P
High Vo DISABLED P High Vo Alarm OFF D

High Vo 5s High Vo Alarm ON
132
Under/Over
Frequency UNDER / OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION 1 (A - J) P
Protection 1
U / F Trip OFF P O / F Trip OFF P
U / F Trip ON O / F Trip ON
U / F Trip at 49.0Hz P After 4 cycles P
O / F Trip at 52.0Hz P After 50 cycles P
Under/Over
Frequency P
UNDER / OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION 2a (A - J)
Protection 2
U / F Normal 49.5Hz P O / F Normal 50.5Hz P
Low V Inhibit 5000V P
Normal Freq Close OFF

Normal Freq Close ON After 60 secs P
This display only appears if the Normal Frequency
Close is ON.
a. CAPM 5 feature only.
Under/Over
Voltage UNDER / OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION 1 (A - J) P
Protection 1A
U / V Trip OFF P O / V Trip OFF P
U / V Trip ON O / V Trip ON
U / V Trip at 80% P After 20.0 Sec P
O / V Trip at 120% P After 10.0 Sec P
Under/Over
Protection 2A
U / V Normal 90/% P O / V Normal 110% P
Norm Volt Close OFF P After 60.0 Sec P

Norm Volt Close ON
Nom P-E 6.3 kV P
Under/Over
Protection 3A
U / V Phase Logic OR P O / V Phase Logic OR P
U / V Phase Logic AND O / V Phase Logic AND
U / V Phase Logic AVERAGE O / V Phase Logic AVERAGE
Sequence Excess 0 P Within Last 0 Min P
Recovery To 0 Sec P
133
N-Series
Phase
Protection Trip PHASE PROTECTION TRIP NUMBER 1, 2, 3, 4 (A J) P
IEC255 Curves (1, 2 or 3) P Time Multiplier 1.00 P

Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
IEEE Curves (1, 2 or 3) Time Multiplier 1.00
User Defined Curve (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Time Multiplier 1.00
User Defined Curves Not Set
Additional Curve Selectiona
No Instantaneous P Reclose Time 1.0s P

Instant Mult x 1.0 Reclose time not available on trip 4
Minimum 0.00s P Additional 0.00s P
a. See Appendices A, B and C for the available curves.
Phase Single
Shot PHASE SINGLE SHOT PROTECTION TRIP (A J) P
Protection Trip
Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P
Instant Mult x 1.0
Phase Work
Tag Protection PHASE WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP (A J) P
Trip
Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P
Instant Mult x 1.0
Earth
Protection Trip EARTH PROTECTION TRIP NUMBER 1, 2, 3, 4 (A J) P

Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P SEF Definite 5.0s P

Instant Mult x 1.0
a. See Appendices A, B and C, for the available curves.
134
Earth Single
Shot EARTH SINGLE SHOT PROTECTION TRIP (A J) P
Protection Trip
Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P SEF Definite 5.0s

Instant Mult x 1.0
Earth Work
Tag Protection EARTH WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP (A J) P
Trip
Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P SEF Definite 5.0s

Instant Mult x 1.0
NPS
Protection Trip NPS PROTECTION TRIP NUMBER 1, 2, 3, 4 (A J) P

Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P
Instant Mult x 1.0
NPS Single
Shot NPS SINGLE SHOT PROTECTION TRIP (A-J) P
Protection Trip
Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P
Instant Mult x 1.0
135
N-Series
NPS Work Tag

Protection Trip NPS WORK TAG PROTECTION TRIP (A-J) P

Definite Time 1.00s
Instantaneous Only
No Instantaneous P
Instant Mult x 1.0
136
Appendix F Measurement Pages
This appendix shows the Measurement Group of Appendix D (page 125) explains the format of this
pages on the Operator Control Panel display. appendix.
See Section 11 (page 73) for more information on
measurement functionality.
Instantaneous
Demand INSTANTANEOUS DEMAND M
Earth 0 Amp D A Phase 250 Amp D
NPS 25 Amp D B Phase 250 Amp D
C Phase 250 Amp D
System
Measurements SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS M
Frequency 50.0 Hz D Power (P) 2479 kW D

Freq Unavailable
Power (Q) 200 kVAR D
Power Factor 0.93 D
Source Side Either Phase to Earth or Phase to Phase.

Voltages SOURCE SIDE VOLTAGES M
A1 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
B1 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
C1 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
SOURCE SIDE VOLTAGES M
A1 B1 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
B1 C1 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
C1 A1 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
Load Side Either Phase to Earth or Phase to Phase.

Voltages LOAD SIDE VOLTAGES M
A2 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
B2 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
C2 phase to earth 12700 Volt D
137
N-Series
LOAD SIDE VOLTAGES M
A2 B2 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
B2 C2 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
C2 A2 phase to phase 22000 Volt D
Supply
Outages SUPPLY OUTAGES M
Measure Outages OFF P Outage Duration 60 s P

Measure Outages ON
Source outages 2 R Duration 4h14m56s R
Load outages 3 R Duration 6h23m24s R
Monthly
Maximum MONTHLY MAXIMUM DEMAND M
Demand
Jan/2001 total 28865 kWh D
peak period 07 / 01 / 2001 17:15:00 D
peak demand 31141 kW 0.93 PF D
Weekly
Maximum WEEKLY MAXIMUM DEMAND M
Demand
Week ending 10 / 01 / 2001 total 7565 kWh D
peak period 07 / 01 / 2001 17:15:00 D
peak demand 31141 kW 0.93 PF D
Average
Demand AVERAGE DEMAND M
10 / 01 / 2001 13:45:00 A phase 123 Amp D
2749 kW B phase 128 Amp D
0.93 PF C phase 121 Amp D
138
Appendix G List of Events
The following table lists the events that can appear
in the Event Log, in alphabetical order.
A/B/C 1/2 Dead A terminal has changed from live to dead.

A/B/C 1/2 Live A terminal has changed from dead to live. See "Loss of Supply Events" (page 71).
A/B/C Phase LOST Loss of supply has occurred on this phase. See "Loss Of Phase Protection" (page 49).
A Max NN Amp Following pickup of the overcurrent protection element on A, B or C phase, the maximum fault current
B Max NN Amp recorded was NN Amps. This event is logged only after the current has fallen back below the phase setting
C Max NN Amp current. See "Changes to protection groups are put into service as for any other changes to the active
protection group.Overcurrent Protection" (page 43) and "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
ACR Open On power up and switch re-connection the circuit breaker is either open or closed.
ACR Closed
Automatic Reclose The circuit breaker was automatically re-closed following a protection trip. See "Auto-Reclose" (page 58) and
"Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
Auto Reclose OFF Auto Reclose has been turned OFF by a local or remote operator.
Auto Reclose ON Auto Reclose has been turned ON by a local or remote operator.
Aux Supply Fail The auxiliary power supply has failed. See "Tropical, Moderate and Temperate Versions" (page 21).
Aux Supply Normal The auxiliary power supply has become normal. See "Auxiliary Power Source" (page 22).
Battery Low Volts The battery voltage is below the low battery threshold.
Battery Normal The battery is in the normal range
Battery OFF The battery is not connected.
Battery Overvolt The battery voltage is too high. This will only occur if there is a battery charger hardware failure.a
Cap Chrg status Logged if a trip/close request is denied due to a capacitor inverter problem. Where status is the current status
of the inverter, for example Cap Chrg Resting. See "Abnormal Operating Conditions" (page 110).
Cap failure mode Trip and/or close capacitors did not charge correctly. Where failure mode, is the cause of the failure. For
example, CAP Excess Closes. See "Abnormal Operating Conditions" (page 110)
a.
Capmload Reset The electronic controller has been reset by the Loader.
Close Blocking ON The circuit breaker is prevented from closing. See "Inputs - Standard Mapping" (page 90).
Close Blocking OFF Close blocking has been disabled. The circuit breaker will now close when requested. See "Inputs - Standard
Mapping" (page 90).
Close Coil Connect The Close solenoid isolate switch on the operator control panel was changed to the Enable/Isolate position.
Close Coil Isolate See Figure 4 (page 29).
Close Disabled This event is generated when the Close Isolate switch on a remote operator panel is set to Isolated or OFF. In
this condition closing is disabled in the software but the Close coil is not electrically isolated.
Close Enabled This event is generated when the Close Isolate switch on a remote operator panel is set to Enabled or ON. In
this condition the software close disable is removed.
Current >= 5000A The circuit breaker tripped with a current above the High Current Lockout setting whilst the High Current
Lockout was effective, the event shows the value of setting at the time the event occurred. See "High Current
Lockout" (page 59).
Denied Gas Low This event is recorded if an operation is attempted with SF6 pressure low and Gas Low Lockout ON.
Denied Wrong Mode When the switch is in a different mode (Local, Remote or Work Tag Applied) to the device which attempted
the close. See Section 8 (page 35).
Disconnected The circuit breaker has been disconnected.
E Max NN Amp Following pickup of the overcurrent protection element on earth or SEF, the maximum fault current recorded
was NN Amps. This event is logged only after the current has fallen back below the earth setting current. See
"Changes to protection groups are put into service as for any other changes to the active protection
group.Overcurrent Protection" (page 43)
Earth Prot OFF Earth fault protection has been turned OFF by a local or remote operator.
Earth Prot ON Earth fault Protection has been turned ON by a local or remote operator.
Earth Prot Trip A protection trip was generated by the Earth overcurrent protection element. See "Changes to protection
groups are put into service as for any other changes to the active protection group.Overcurrent Protection"
(page 43) and See "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
Earth Dir Arm An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip can take place as
normal. See Section 9 (page 39).
This event only occurs when Directional Blocking is ON.
139
N-Series
Earth Dir Block An earth protection pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The circuit breaker will not
trip. See Section 9 (page 39).
Earth Low Vo Arm An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the residual voltage (Vo) is less than the
user-specified level and Low Vo blocking is OFF. The trip can take place as normal. See Section 9 (page 39).
Earth Low Vo Block An earth protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the residual voltage (Vo) is less than the
user-specified level and Low Vo blocking is ON. The circuit breaker will not trip. See Section 9 (page 39).
Generator Start Req Request generator start
Generator Stop Req Request generator stop
Generator Running Generator running.
Generator Stopped Generator has stopped running.
GenCtrl Trip Req Generator control opening recloser in preparation for starting the generator.
GenCtrl Close Req Generator control closing recloser to restore line supply.
GenCtrl ON Switching Generator Control On.
GenCtrl OFF Switching Generator Control Off.
Hit and Run On Start of Hit and Run period.
Hit and Run Off End of Hit and Run request countdown, or timeout.
IOEX Input XX On IOEX Input XX has changed from the Off state to the On state (where XX is from 01 to 12).
IOEX Input XX Off IOEX Input XX has changed from the On state to the Off state (where XX is from 01 to 12).
IOEX Output XX On IOEX Output XX has changed from the Off state to the On state (where XX is from 01 to 08).
IOEX Output XX Off IOEX Output XX has changed from the On state to the Off state (where XX is from 01 to 08).
Live Load Blocking A close request was disregarded due to a load side terminal being alive. See "Under and Over Frequency
Protection (CAPM 5 only)" (page 49).
Load out 59 m 59 s The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage up to 59 minutes 59 seconds.
Load out 99 h 59 m The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage up to 99 hours 59 minutes.
Load out 9999 h The circuit breaker load terminals experienced a supply outage >10,000 hours. See Section 12 (page 77).
Load Supply OFF/ON All three load side voltages are OFF/ON. See "Loss of Supply Events" (page 71).
Loader: Close Iso The close/trip isolate needs to be activated to allow a new program to be transferred to the controller.
Loader: Trip Iso
LOCAL CONTROL ON A local operator has put the controller in local mode.
Lockout The protection went to lockout and will not perform any more automatic recloses, See "Lockout Conditions"
(page 59) and "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
LOP Prot Alarm A LOP has occurred but LOP tripping is disallowed.
Loss Of Phase Prot A protection trip was generated by the Loss Of Phase protection. See "Loss Of Phase Protection" (page 49).
Low Power Mode If the power supply voltage reduces below a threshold for a certain time, the radio supply is turned off
immediately. The recloser will still operate but will go to lockout if the capacitors cannot be charged quickly
enough. See "Abnormal Operating Conditions" (page 110).
Mechanical Trip Circuit breaker was tripped using the manual mechanical trip lever.
Mechanism Fail a.
The circuit breaker has failed to close or trip electrically.
Normal Freq Close The Source frequency has returned to normal and a Close request has been issued.
(CAPM 5 only)
Normal Power Mode If the power supply voltage returns to normal then the power mode will return to normal after 15 min. See
"Abnormal Operating Conditions" (page 110).
NP-xxxxxx Connected Circuit breaker with serial number xxxxxx has been connected.
NPS Prot Trip The recloser has tripped on Negative Phase Sequence Protection.
NPS 80 A The maximum Negative Phase Sequence Current recorded while protection was picked up was 80 A.
NPS Prot Alarm Negative Phase Sequence Current has exceeded the pickup setting for the user-specified time.
New SCEM Data New SCEM data was written to the SCEM.
Normal Volt Close The Source voltage has returned to the 'Normal' state and a Close request has been issued.
Outages ON The operator (local or remote) has turned ON or OFF the supply outage measurement functions. See Section
Outages OFF 12 (page 77).
Outages Reset The operator (local or remote) has reset the four outage counters. See Section 12 (page 77).
140
Over Freq Pickup The Source frequency has been equal to or above the Over Frequency trip threshold.
(CAPM 5 only)
Over Freq Reset The Source frequency has fallen to equal or above the Over Frequency trip threshold plus the dead band.
(CAPM 5 only)
Over Freq Trip The Source frequency has been equal to or above the Over Frequency threshold for the Trip Delay count and
(CAPM 5 only) a trip request has been issued.
Over Volt Pickup The Source voltage has been equal to or above the Over Voltage trip threshold.
Over Volt Reset The Source voltage has fallen to equal or above the Over Voltage threshold plus the dead band.
Over Volt Trip The Source voltage has equal to or above the Over Voltage threshold for the Trip Delay count and a trip has
been issued.
Phase Dir Arm A phase overcurrent pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip can take place as
normal. See Section 9 (page 39).
Phase Dir Block A phase overcurrent pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The circuit breaker will not
trip. See Section 9 (page 39).
Phase Low V Arm A phase protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the voltage on all three phases (V) is less
than 500 V and Low V blocking is OFF. The trip takes place as normal. See Section 9 (page 39).
Phase Low V Block A phase protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the voltage on all three phases (V) is less
than 500 V and Low V blocking is ON. The circuit breaker does not trip. See Section 9 (page 39).
Phase Prot Trip A protection trip was generated by the Phase overcurrent protection element. See "Changes to protection
(page 43) and See "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
Phasing order The Terminal Designation has been changed where order is one of the following ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA,
CAB, CBA. See "Switchgear Terminal Designation" (page 73).
Pickup One of the protection elements picked up (phase, earth or SEF). This event is generated by the first element
to pick up, if more elements pick up subsequently then no more pickup events are generated until all the
elements have reset. See "Changes to protection groups are put into service as for any other changes to the
active protection group.Overcurrent Protection" (page 43) and "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
Power Up The electronics just had power applied or had a power up reset or watchdog reset. The time displayed will be
approximately the time that power down occurred plus 1 sec.
Power Down The electronics was powered down.
Protection OFF All of the protection features have been turned off. The circuit breaker will only perform a manual trip or close.
See "Protection OFF and Pickup Flags" (page 40).
Protection ON Protection has been turned back on. See "Protection OFF and Pickup Flags" (page 40).
Prot Group A J Active Protection group A J is active. Written to event whenever the active groups change or a trip occurs. See
"Protection Settings and Protection Groups" (page 42).
Protocol Reset The electronics have been reset by a protocol.
Prot Trip NN Trip NN in the reclose sequence
P9 Baud xxxxx The operator has altered the baud rate of P9, via the panel or WSOS, to be the value shown. Where xxxxx is
one of 19200, 9600, 2400 or 1200.
P9 Mode yyyyy The operator has altered P9s mode, via the panel or WSOS, to be that shown. Where yyyyy is either Local or
Remote.
QKx <function> Quick Key X has been mapped to the function. Thus pressing this Quick Key will now allow alteration of the
<function> setting. Eg. QK1 Local/Remoteb
Radio Supply Failed a.

The built-in radio supply has failed.
Remote Control ON A local operator has put the controller in remote mode.
SCEM Corrupted a.
The SCEM records are corrupted.
SCEM type Fail a.

Where type can be Memory or Write.
SCEM Type type The control cable has been connected to a different type of SCEM where type can be SCEM 9, 93C46 or
Unknown.
SEF Dir Arm A SEF pickup occurs and tripping is enabled in the faulted direction. The trip can take place as normal. See
SEF Dir Block A SEF pickup occurs but tripping is blocked in the faulted direction. The circuit breaker will not trip. See
141
N-Series
SEF Low Vo Arm A SEF protection pickup occurs and tripping is enabled because the residual voltage (Vo) is less than the
user-specified level and Low Vo blocking is OFF. The trip can take place as normal. See Section 9 (page 39).
SEF Low Vo Block A SEF protection pickup occurs and tripping is blocked because the residual voltage (Vo) is less than the
user-specified level and Low Vo blocking is ON. The circuit breaker will not trip. See Section 9 (page 39).
SEF Prot Trip A protection trip was generated by the SEF overcurrent protection element. See "Changes to protection
(page 43) and "Protection Generated Events" (page 71).
SEF Prot OFF SEF protection has been turned OFF by a local or remote operator.
SEF Prot ON SEF protection has been turned ON by a local or remote operator.
Sequence Reset The sequence reset timer has expired. This causes the protection relay to reset to the start of the circuit
breaker sequence for the next fault. See "Sequence Reset" (page 59) and "Protection Generated Events"
(page 71).
Sequence Advance When sequence control is ON this event is generated when the sequence counter is advanced due to a
downstream fault which did not cause a protection trip. See "Sequence Control" (page 63).
SF6 Pressure Normal The SF6 pressure status has changed state.
SF6 Pressure Low
Pressure Invalid
Single Shot A trip occurred whilst in Single Shot Mode. See Section (page 60).
Source out 59 m 59 s The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage up to 59 minutes 59 seconds.
Source out 99 h 59 m The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage up to 99 hours 59 minutes.
Source out 9999 h The circuit breaker source terminals experienced a supply outage >10,000 hours. See Section 12 (page 77).
Source Dead Circuit breaker cannot close due to operation of Dead Lockout.
Source 1/ Load 2 The operator (local or remote) has changed the power flow direction. Refer Section (page).
Source 2/ Load 1
Source Supply OFF/ON All three source side voltages are OFF/ON. See "Typical Event Log Displays" (page 72).
Source Trip Req A trip/close request was issued from the source. Where source can be one of, Panel, WSOS, IOEX, Protocol,
Source Close Req etc.
Panel = Operator Control Panel.
WSOS = Windows Switchgear Operating System
IOEX = Input Output Expander Card.
Protocol = This is a communications protocol such as DNP3.
Trip Coil Connect The Trip solenoid isolate switch on the operator control panel was changed to the Enable/Isolate position. See
Trip Coil Isolate Figure 4 (page 29).
Trip Disabled This event is generated when the Trip Isolate switch on a remote operator panel is set to Isolated or OFF. In
this condition tripping is disabled in the software but the trip coil is not electrically isolated.
Trip Enabled This event is generated when the Trip Isolate switch on a remote operator panel is set to Enabled or ON. In
this condition the software trip disable is removed.
Under Freq Pickup The Source frequency has been equal to or below the Under Frequency trip threshold.
(CAPM 5 only)
Under Freq Reset The Source frequency has risen to equal or above the Under Frequency trip threshold.
(CAPM 5 only)
Under Freq Trip The Source frequency has been equal to or below the Under Frequency threshold for the Trip Delay count
(CAPM 5 only) and a trip request has been issued.
Under Volt Pickup The Source voltage has been equal to or below the Under Voltage trip threshold.
Under Volt Trip The Source voltage has been equal to or below the Under Voltage threshold for the Trip Delay count and a trip
request has been issued.
Under Volt Reset The Source voltage has risen to equal or above the Under Voltage threshold plus the dead band.
UOV Sequence Excess Number of UOV Protection sequences exceeded 'Excess Sequence' threshold within the accumulation
period.
UOV Recovery TO Controller failed to 'Normal Voltage' close within the UOV Recovery time period after a 'UOV Protection' trip.
U contact < 20% Less than 20% contact life remaining in the U1-U2, V1-V2 or W1-W2 vacuum interrupter. See "Contact Life"
V contact < 20% (page 18)
W contact < 20%
Vo 99999V This event is generated to record the value of the residual voltage (Vo) at the time of the maximum earth or
SEF current. See Section 9 (page 39).
Work Tag A trip occurred whilst the Work Tag was applied.
Work Tag Applied The Work Tag has been applied/turned off. See "Work Tags and Controller Mode" (page 35)
Work Tag OFF
142
Wrong Switch No n This version of software and the connected switch type are incompatible. n is the switchgear type. The
controller will have to be loaded with the correct software.
<Time/Date> A new time/date has been set.
a. If this event occurs the equipment may require maintenance. Contact the manufacturer or Distributor for advice.
b. This event will be logged if the Quick Key configuration is changed via the panel or WSOS.
143
N-Series
144
Appendix H Replaceable Parts & Tools
All replacement parts listed in the following table various ratings are also available, contact your
are available from the manufacturer, special distributor for part numbers and pricing.
purpose tools are also listed. Surge arresters of
Part Part Number
1100mm Bushing Boot Silicone R01-318
770mm Bushing Boot EPDM INS019F
777mm Bushing Boot Silicone INS021
Antenna Surge Arrester ELCMIS0211
Batteries - Panasonic No LCR12V7.2P 12 Volt BAT8250012
Boot Clamping Ring N01-055
Boot Clamping Ring Spanner R01-260
Bushing Boot Installation Tool (For use in cold climates) N05-604
Cable Tail Kit: Quantity 6 off N01-693

250 Amp, 3m cable fitted with bushing boot and lug.

400 Amp, 3m cable fitted with bushing boot and lug

630 Amp, 3m cable fitted with bushing boot and screw termination
Circuit Breaker cable entry compartment cover gasket N01-008
Control and Protection Module:

CAPM 4 ELCCAPM 4
CAPM 5 ELCCAPM 5
Control Cable 7m long (Also available in 3.5,4,8,10,11and 20 metre lengths) N03-602
Control Cubicle:
Tropical version PTCC-TRO
Moderate version PTCC-MOD
Temperate version PTCC-TEM
Control Cubicle - temperate version heater 240 VAC ELCM1S0140
Control Cubicle - temperate version thermostat ELCM1S0142
Control Cubicle heater 120 VAC ELCM150143
Control Cubicle Door Seal NEO0910082

TESA tape DF50604/1224
Control Cubicle Entry Module (CCEM) ELCCCEM1
Electronics Compartment Cover Gasket N03-036
Ferrite Filters (ID = 10mm) for incoming cable. ELCIND0030 (two

reqd)
Gas Fill Adapter: N05-615

Includes cylinder adapter
Gas Fill Valve O-ring: ORG025024

Nitrile o-ring, C7-209
Gas Fill Valve Cap N01-383
Manual Operation Set N07-600
Operator Panel Subsystem Backlit Display & Quick Keys N03-622
Quick Key Stickers - International English N03-682
Quick Key Stickers - Portuguese N03-684
Quick Key Stickers - Spanish N03-685
Radio Cable (intermediate) V23 N03-530
SF6 Gas Cylinder Size D - LINDEGAS GAS064011
Silicone electrical grease LUB058044
Silicone O-Ring grease LUB058040

Dow 111 Valve and o-ring grease.
Test and Training Set (TTS) TTS1-02
Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) Refer to distributor
145
N-Series
146
Appendix I Control Cubicle Schematics
Figure 38: Control cubicle - general arrangement
147
N-Series
Figure 39: Control cubicle - battery loom
148
Figure 40: Control cubicle - main loom connection
149
N-Series
Figure 41: Control cubicle - Single integrated aux power supply
150
Figure 42: Control cubicle - Single LV aux power supply
151
N-Series
Figure 43: Control cubicle - Integrated plus LV aux power supply
152
Figure 44: Control cubicle - Dual low voltage auxiliary supply -110/240 Volts
153
N-Series
Figure 45: Control cubicle - Dual LV aux power supply
154
Figure 46: Control cubicle - Heater/thermostat connection
155
N-Series
Figure 47: Control cubicle - Control cable service drawing
156
Appendix J Dimensions
Circuit
Breaker
Figure 48: Circuit Breaker Dimensions
N15/N27 Pole
Mounting
Bracket
Figure 49: N15/24 Pole Mount Bracket
157
N-Series
N38 Pole
Mounting
Bracket
Figure 50: N38 Pole Mount Bracket
Adjustable
Substation
Mounting
Bracket
Figure 51: Adjustable Substation mounting bracket
158
Radio Tray
Mounting
Space
Figure 52: Radio mounting space
PTCC
Figure 53: PTCC
159
N-Series
Figure 54: PTCC bottom view
160
Appendix K Silicone Grease Hazard Data
Silicone grease type LUB058044 is supplied by The following is reproduced from the original
the manufacturer for filling the bushing boot document provided by Rhodia Silicones, Australia.
cavities. This product is supplied to the Release date of original document: June 1998.
manufacturer as Gensil Paste 12.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET GENSIL
PASTE 12 INFOSAFE No: 2RH7J
COMPANY DETAILS
Company Name Rhodia Silicones Australia Pty Ltd (CAN

32004693038)
Address 352 Ferntree Gully Road, NOTTINGHILL 3168,

Australia
Emergency Phone (Aust) 1800 033 111
Tel / Fax Ph: +6103 9541 1000 Fax: +6103 9587 5989
IDENTIFICATION
Product Code GS 12
Product Name GENSIL PASTE 12
Proper Shipping Name None Allocated
Other Names None listed
UN Number None Allocated
DG Class None Allocated
Packing Group None Allocated
Hazchem Code None Allocated
Poisons Schedule Not Scheduled
Product Use Silicone Grease
PHYSICAL DATA
Appearance Translucent, light grey paste
Specific Gravity 1 (Water = 1)
Flash Point > 200C
Flammable Limit LEL Non-flammable
Solubility in water Insoluble
OTHER PROPERTIES
pH Value Neutral
Solubility in Organic Solvents Dispersible in aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbon

solvents
Odour None
Form Liquid
Decomposition Temperature > 300C
Stability Stable under normal conditions of use and storage
Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur
INGREDIENTS
Information on composition Dimethylpolysiloxane based compound with inert

fillers
HEALTH EFFECTS
Acute - Swallowed Will not generally cause irritation to mouth, throat

and stomach.
Acute - Eye Considered to be non-irritant.
Acute - Skin Considered to be non-irritant.
161
N-Series
Acute - Inhaled Extremely low volatility. Not considered to be

hazardous.
Chronic No chronic effects have been observed under

normal conditions of use and handling. To our
knowledge there have been no reports in the
literature of health effects in workers arising from
long term exposure to this substance.
FIRST AID
Swallowed Give water or milk to drink.
Eye Irrigate with copious quantity of water for 15

minutes.
Skin Wash with plenty of soap and water.
Inhaled No significant risk of inhalation.
First Aid Facilities Eye wash fountain.
ADVICE TO DOCTOR
Advice to Doctor All treatments should be based on observed signs

and symptoms of distress of the patient.
Consideration should be given to the possibility that
over-exposure to materials other than this may have
occurred. Treat symptomatically. No specific
antidote available.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
Exposure Limits See below.
Other Exposure Information No exposure limit assigned to this substance.
Engineering Controls No special ventilation required.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Protective Equipment General safe work practice provides adequate

protection.
Work/Hygienic Practices Personal hygiene is an important work practice

exposure control measure and the following general
measures should be undertaken when working with
or handling this material:
(1) Do not store, use and/or consume foods,
beverages, tobacco products or cosmetics in areas
where this material is stored
(2) Wash hands and face carefully before eating,
drinking, using tobacco, applying cosmetics or using
toilets.
(3) Wash exposed skin promptly to remove
accidental splashes of contact with this material.
FLAMMABILITY
Fire Hazards Non-flammable. Combustible. Will burn if involved in

a fire but not considered to be a significant fire risk.
The main combustion products are silica, carbon
dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Other Precautions Safe working practice and good hygiene should be

observed.
STORAGE and TRANSPORT
Storage Precautions No special conditions apply. Avoid spillage.
Other Storage Information General safe working practice should be adequate.
Proper Shipping Name None allocated.
SPILLS and DISPOSAL
Spills and Disposal Presents slipping hazard on floors. Wipe or soak up

in inert material for disposal. Wash walking surfaces
with detergent and water.
FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD
162
Fire / Explosion Hazard Low hazard.Non-flammable liquid. Forms
essentially amorphous silica, carbon dioxide and
carbon monoxide on combustion. Fire can be
extinguished by carbon dioxide, powder or a water
type extinguisher.
Hazardous Reaction The product is considered stable under normal

handling conditions. Reaction with strong alkalies at
temperatures above 120C will form flammable,
volatile siloxanes.
Hazchem Code None allocated
OTHER INFORMATION
Toxicology Not considered to be toxic under normal conditions

of use and handling. No exposure standards are
allocated to this substance.
Environmental Protection Non-biodegradable. No negative ecological effects

are known.
Packaging and Labelling Keep in original container, ensure product name and
code is marked on the container.
Regulatory Information All ingredients are listed in the Australian Inventory

of Chemical Substances.
Technical Data A Technical Data Sheet for this product is available

upon request.
References (1) Australian Health Ministers Advisory

Council,Standard for the uniform scheduling of
drugs and poisonsNo: 11. AGPS, Canberra 1196.
(2) National Occupational Health and Safety
Commission,National Code of Practice for the
Preparation of Material Safety Data
Sheets(NOHSC:2011-1994) AGPS, Canberra
1994.
Commission,List of Designated Hazardous
Substances(NOHSC:10005-1994) AGPS,
Canberra 1994.
Commission,Exposure Standards for Atmospheric
Contaminants in the Occupational Environment",
NOHSC:1003-1995) AGPS, Canberra 1995.
Commission,Approved Criteria for Classifying
Hazardous Substances(NOHSC:1008-1994)
AGPS, Canberra 1994.
(6) Commonwealth of Australia,Australian Code
for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and
Rail", 6th Edition, AGPS, Canberra, 1998
(7) Rhodia internal data.
CONTACT POINT
Contact Business Manager, Rhodia Silicones Australia.
Further Advice to the User: enable appropriate risk assessment, the user
should contact Rhodia Silicones Australia. Our
This material safety data sheet should be used in responsibility for products sold is subject to our
conjunction with the technical data sheets. It does standard terms and conditions sent to customers.
not replace them. The information given is based No liability whatsoever can be accepted with
on our knowledge of the health and safety data of regard to the handling, processing or use of the
this product at the time of publication. It is given in product concerned which, in all cases, shall be in
good faith. The attention of the user is drawn to the accordance with the appropriate regulations and/
possible risks incurred by using the product for any or legislation.
purpose other than that for which it was intended.
If clarification or further information is required to
163
N-Series
164
INDEX
A OFF .......................................................... 139
Abnormal operating conditions ......................... 110 ON ............................................................ 139
ACR Close Coil
Closed ....................................................... 139 Connect ..................................................... 139
Opened ...................................................... 139 Isolate ................................................139, 142
and ................................................................... 83 Cold Load
Multiplier ...................................................... 62
Auto Reclose ..................................................... 58
OFF .......................................................... 132
Auto Reclose ON/OFF ...............................40, 126
ON ............................................................ 132
Automatic Protection Group selection ................. 64 Pickup ......................................................... 62
Automatic Reclose ........................................... 139 Protection ..................................................... 61
Aux supply ...................................................... 126 Quick Key ..................................................... 63
Fail ............................................................ 139 Time ....................................................62, 132
Normal ....................................................... 139 Communications
OK .............................................................. 91 External ....................................................... 85
Auxiliary power Interfaces ..................................................... 85
Control cubicle options .................................... 22 WSOS Port P8 ............................................ 128
From integral transformer ............................... 101 Computer port ................................................... 23
From mains ................................................. 100 Configurable Baud Rate ..................................... 86
Source ......................................................... 22
Configurable IOEX ............................................. 91
Averaged Data displays ..................................... 75 Configurable Quick Keys .................................... 31
B Configuration number .......................................... 3
Battery ............................................110, 139, 145 Configuring Average Demand ............................ 75
Care .......................................................... 108 Connections into electronics compartment .......... 87
Replacement ............................................... 108
Construction and operation ................................ 17
Supply OK .................................................... 91
Contact life ................................................18, 142
Battery loomControl cubicle ............................ 148
Greater than 20% on all phases ........................ 91
Bushing boot .............................................98, 145
Contents of crate ............................................... 95
Clamping ring .............................................. 145
Control and protection module
Clamping ring spanner ............................97, 145
(CAPM 4) ................................................... 145
Installation tool ............................................ 145
(CAPM) ...................................................... 110
C Control cable .............................................95, 145
Cable entry ....................................................... 22 Check ........................................................ 109
Cable Tail Connection ................................................... 95
Connections .................................................. 98 Entry module ................................................. 25
Kit ............................................................. 145 Service drawing ........................................... 156
Cables Control cable entry module (CCEM) .................. 110
Personalised ................................................. 85 Control cubicle ........................................145, 147
Replacement ............................................... 110 Battery loom ................................................ 148
Capability ........................................................ 128 Check ........................................................ 109
Declaration ..................................................... 4 Cleaning ..................................................... 107
Capacitor charging inverter .............................. 110 Construction .................................................. 21
Capacitors ......................................................... 25 Control cable service drawing ......................... 156
CAPM 4 and CAPM 5 ........................................ 25 Dual LV aux power ...............................153, 154
CAPM Electronics OK ........................................ 91 Heater ....................................................... 145
CCEM ............................................................... 25 Heater/thermostat connection ......................... 155
Changing Integrated plus LV aux power supply ................ 152
Protection settings .......................................... 42 Main loom connection ................................... 149
Maintenance ............................................... 107
Check
Schematics ................................................. 147
Circuit breaker ............................................. 109
Single integrated aux power supply .................. 150
Control cable ............................................... 109
Single LV aux power supply ........................... 151
Control cubicle ............................................. 109
Circuit breaker
Control cubicle entry module (CCEM) ............... 145
Check ........................................................ 109 Controller
Maintenance ............................................... 107 Mode ........................................................... 35
SF6 Recharging ........................................... 107 Version .......................................................... 3
solenoids ...................................................... 25 CT .................................................................... 73
Clamping ring spannerbushing boot ..........97, 145 Current injection point ........................................ 23
Clamping ringbushing boot .......................98, 145 Currents in each phase averaged over the period 75
Cleaning ......................................................... 107 CVT .................................................................. 73
Close Blocking
165
N-Series
D Group Copy ...................................................... 43

Date and time of the end of the averaging period . 75 H
Dead Lockout .................................................... 59 Heater ............................................................ 110
Definite Time ..................................................... 43 Heater/thermostat connection .......................... 155
Definite Time protection ..................................... 49 Heaterfitting or replacing ................................ 110
Definition of Local / Remote user ........................ 35 High Current Lockout ......................... 59, 132, 139
Denied Wrong Mode ........................................ 139 High Voltage connections .................................. 97
Detection Hit and Run ....................................................... 35
Generated Events .......................................... 71 HV Line supply .................................................. 22
Directional blocking ......................................... 132 I
Status .......................................................... 69 IEC255
Directional Protection ......................................... 65 Curves ......................................................... 46
Disconnected .................................................. 139 Inverse Time Protection tables ........................ 111
Display groups .................................................. 31 IEEE
Display Page Organisation ................................. 33 Inverse Time Protection tables ........................ 113
Dual LV aux power .................................. 153, 154 Std C37.112 curves ........................................ 46
E Inactive group ................................................... 43
E/F OFF Allowed/Not Allowed .................... 42, 128 Input Output Expander (IOEX) Card ................... 89
Earth connections .............................................. 97 Inputs ............................................................... 90
Earth fault ......................................................... 40 Inrush
Control ......................................................... 42 Current ........................................................ 61
Earth prot Multiplier ...................................................... 62
Trip ........................................................... 139 ON/OFF ..................................................... 132
Earth protection trip number 1,2,3,4 (AJ) 134, 135, Restraint ...................................................... 61
Time ......................................................... 132
136
Installation ........................................................ 95
Earth/SEF Directional protection ......................... 67
Instantaneous ................................................... 47
Earthing .......................................................... 100
Multiplier ...................................................... 45
Electronics compartment .................................... 87
Only ..........................................134, 135, 136
Equipment panel ............................................... 21 Protection ..................................................... 48
Equipment versions covered by this manual .......... 3 Trip ............................................................. 45
Event Integrated
Log............................................................. 71 Auxiliary supply ........................................... 101
Events ............................................................ 140 HV supply .................................................... 22
Excess Close Operations ................................. 110 Integrated plus LV aux power supply ................ 152
External communications ................................... 85 Interactions between curve parameters ............... 47
Extremely Inverse .................................... 111, 113 Inverse ........................................................... 111
F Inverse Time ..................................................... 44
Fail to Operate Under Protection ........................ 65 Inverse Time protection ..................................... 44
Fast Trip Input Module ....................................... 94 Inverse Time protection curves ................... 44, 115
Fault IOEX
Finding ...................................................... 108 Cabling ........................................................ 99
Flags ........................................................... 39 Card ............................................................ 89
Fault flags Status ........................................................ 129
Resetting ...................................................... 40 L
Feed-through or bulkhead type arrester .............. 99 Liquid Crystal Display ........................................ 30
Ferrite filters .............................................. 99, 145 Live Load blocking ............................. 58, 131, 140
Fitting or replacing heater ................................ 110 Live Terminal Threshold .................................... 58
Frequency Live/Dead indication .................................. 74, 127
Protection ..................................................... 49 Load Supply OFF/ON ...................................... 140
G Local
Gas Control .......................................................... 9
Pressure monitoring ....................................... 17 Mode ..................................................... 35, 90
Pressure normal ............................................ 91 Local/Remote
Gas discharge surge arrester ............................. 99 Control ........................................................ 40
Gas fill adaptor ........................................ 107, 145 Mode ........................................................... 35
Gas Low Lockout ............................................ 59, 126, 140
Alarm ........................................................ 107 Loop Automation ............................................... 81
Lockout ...................................................... 128 LOP ................................................................. 49
Generator Control ...................................... 83, 140 Loss of Diversity ................................................ 62
Configuration ................................................ 83 Loss of Phase protection ........................... 49, 140
Operation ..................................................... 83 Loss of Supply
Group AJ ........................................................ 42 Events ......................................................... 71
166
INDEX
Low Gas Lockout ............................................... 59 Rotation ..................................................... 141
Low Power mode ............................................. 110 Threshold Multiplier ........................................ 46
LV Voltage ...................................................... 127
Mains cable .................................................. 97 Phase Logic ...................................................... 53
Supplies ....................................................... 22 Pickup ......................................................43, 141
Surge arrester ............................................. 100 Position indicator ............................................... 17
LV auxiliary supply Power Down .................................................... 141
Connection ................................................. 100 Power Factor (PF) .......................................74, 75
From dedicated utility transformer .................... 100 Power Flow direction ...........................64, 73, 127
M Power System measurements ............................ 73
Main earth bond .............................................. 100 Power Up ........................................................ 141
Main loom connection ...................................... 149 Power Up sequence .......................................... 25
Maintenance ................................................... 107 Press to Talk (PTT) ............................................ 85
Manual Operation Set ................................94, 145 Primary injection testing ................................... 108
Manual trip ........................................................ 59 Prot group
Maximum Time ............................................46, 47 AJ Active .................................................. 141
Mechanical Close ............................................ 140 Prot OFF control .............................................. 128
Mechanical trip ..........................................59, 140 Protection ......................................................... 39
Mechanism OK. ................................................. 91 Auto ............................................................ 64
Menu key .......................................................... 30 Curves ......................................................... 46
Minimum Time ................................................... 45 Elements ..............................................39, 141
Groups ......................................................... 42
Moderate version ............................................... 21
Of radio equipment ......................................... 99
Moderately Inverse .......................................... 113
OFF .......................................................... 141
Monthly Maximum ............................................. 74 ON ............................................................ 141
Mounting and earthing ....................................... 22 Options ...................................................... 128
Mounting brackets ............................................. 99 Pages ........................................................ 131
Multiple groups of protection settings .................. 42 Setting 1 (AJ) ............................................. 131
N Setting 2 (A J) ............................................ 131
Negative Phase Sequence Protection ................. 41 Setting 3 (AJ) ............................................. 131
Nominal System (RMS Phase/Earth) Voltage ...... 52 Setting 4 (AJ) ............................................. 132
Setting 5 (AJ) ............................................. 132
Non-standard curves .......................................... 46
Trip Counter .................................................. 58
Non-standard Inverse Time protection curves .... 115
Protection and Operation check ........................ 108
Normal Frequency ............................................. 50
Protection settings ............................................. 43
Normal Power mode ........................................ 140
Protocol Reset ................................................. 141
O Q
Operational Cold Load Multiplier ......................... 62
Quick Key Selection ........................................... 32
Operational Cold Load Time ............................... 62
Operator Control Panel ...................................... 29 R
Operator Panel subsystem .........................25, 145 Radio and IOEX .............................................. 127
Operator settings .......................................40, 126 Radio cable ..................................................... 145
Optically isolated input contacts .......................... 89 Radio holdup time .............................................. 87
Outputs ............................................................. 91 Radio/Modem
Over Frequency trip ........................................... 50 Power ..........................................87, 127, 141
Real Power (kW) .........................................74, 75
Over Voltage Pickup .......................................... 53
Real Time Displays ............................................ 74
Over Voltage Threshold ..................................... 53
Reclose Time .................................................... 58
Overcurrent protection ....................................... 43
Recloser earthing ............................................ 100
P Related documents .............................................. 4
P8 .................................................................... 86 Remote
Panel ON/OFF ............................................29, 30 Control Panel ................................................ 94
Parts and tools ................................................ 145 Mode ........................................................... 35
Parts required .................................................... 97 Operator control ............................................. 85
Password protection .......................................... 32 Terminal unit ................................................... 1
Peak averaging period .................................74, 75 Remote Control ON ......................................... 126
Personalised cables ........................................... 85 Remote Panel ................................................... 35
Phase Replacement of cables .................................... 110
Directional protection ...................................... 67 Replacement of electronic modules .................. 110
Prot Trip ..................................................... 141 Resetting
Prot trip number 1,2,3,4 (AJ) .................134, 135 Fault flags ..................................................... 40
167
N-Series
Trip flags ...................................................... 40 Healthy indicator ............................................ 91
RS232 interface .......................................... 85, 86 Status displays .............................................. 31
S Status pages ............................................... 125
Safety Advice ................................................ 4, 17 system voltage .................................................. 52
SAIDI ................................................................ 77 T
SAIFI ................................................................ 77 Temperate version ............................................ 21
SCEM Data ....................................................... 91 Test and Training Set ........................ 93, 108, 145
Sealing and condensation .................................. 21 Testing & configuring ......................................... 96
Secondary Injection Test Set .............................. 93 Threshold Current ............................................. 47
SEF .......................................................... 49, 128 Threshold Current Multiplier ................... 43, 48, 62
Counter ........................................................ 64 Time Multiplier ................................ 134, 135, 136
Prot trip ...................................................... 142 Time to Trip ...................................................... 44
Residual Voltage Indication .............................. 68 Tools required ................................................... 97
SEF Residual Voltage Alarm .............................. 68 Transformer switching ..................................... 101
Select key ......................................................... 30 Transport to site ................................................ 96
Selecting displays .............................................. 30 Trip Coil
Selection rules .................................................. 64 Connect ..................................................... 142
Sensitive earth fault ........................................... 40 Isolate ............................................... 139, 142
Control ......................................................... 41 Trip flags .......................................................... 39
Protection ..................................................... 43 Resetting ..................................................... 40
Sequence Tropical version ................................................. 21
Advance ..................................................... 142 U
Control ....................................................... 131 Under / Over Frequency display ....................... 133
Coordination ................................................. 64
Under/Over Frequency Protection(CAPM5) ......... 49
Reset .................................................. 59, 142
Under/over voltage protection ............................ 52
Sequence Reset ................................................ 66
Unpacking & checking ....................................... 95
Setting current ............................................. 43, 44
Updating the Event Log ..................................... 71
SF6 ........................................................ 107, 126
User Defined curves .......................................... 46
Gas cylinder ................................................ 145
Pressure .................................................... 142 V
Recharging ................................................. 107 V23 FSK modem ............................................... 85
Silicone grease ................................................. 98 V23 interface .................................................... 85
Silicone grease MSDS ..................................... 161 Vacuum Interrupter ................................ 1, 18, 142
Single integrated aux power supply .................. 150 Version 28 Features ............................................ 1
Single LV aux power supply ............................. 151 Very Inverse ........................................... 111, 113
Single Shot ..................................................... 142 Voltage free output contacts ............................... 89
Active ........................................................ 126 Voltage on line side terminals ............................. 74
Mode ........................................................... 61 Voltage Protection sequences ............................ 54
Site installation .................................................. 97 W
Site procedure ................................................... 97 Weekly Maximum .............................................. 75
Software Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) 71,
Capability ................................................... 3, 4 93, ................................................................. 145
Identification ................................................... 3
Work Tag ....................................35, 90, 126, 142
Version ...................................................... 3, 4
WSOS Port P8 communications ....................... 128
Source Supply OFF/ON ................................... 142
Standard Event Types ..................................... 139
Startup message ............................................... 30
Supply Outages ................................................ 77
Display ...................................................... 138
Measurement ................................................ 77
Supply Timeout ............................................... 127
Surge arresters ................................................. 99
LV ............................................................. 100
Mounting and terminating ................................ 98
Switchgear
Cable Entry ................................................. 145
Status ........................................................ 126
Terminal Designation .............................. 73, 127
Type and ratings .......................................... 127
Wear/general details ..................................... 128
System
Average Interruption Duration Index ................... 77
Average Interruption Frequency Index ................ 77
168
Schneider Electric Nu-Lec Industries As standards, specifications and designs change from time to
Industries SA 35-37 South Street time, please ask for confirmation of the information given in this
Lytton, 4178 publication.
Queensland
Australia
Tel: +61 7 3249 5444

Fax: +61 7 3249 5888
NSR01-1029
e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.nulec.com.au
27 Oct 2005

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N-Series

Automatic Circuit Recloser

Scope of this Manual

Manual No. Level Date

2 Scope of this Technical Manual

Equipment This manual applies to the following equipment:

N27-150 N38-27 N38-12.5

Pole Top Control Cubicle - Models: PTCC-TEM PTCC-MOD PTCC-TRO

When the Operator Control Panel is turned on the

loaded into the database which then controls

Opening Timea. < 50ms

Interrupting Timea. < 60ms

a. The precise definition of these times is given in ANSI C37.60.

Fast Trip Input

On state voltage 18-150V AC/DC

On state current 10mA

Off state voltage <3V AC/DC

Rated Continuous Currenta 800 Amp

Emergency Load Current - carrying capability (8 Hours)

N15 850 Amp

N27 850 Amp

N38 - 630 Amp 850 Amp

N38 - 800 amp 850 Amp

Rated Frequency 50/60 Hz

Rated Load Breaking Currenta. 630 Amp

Rated Cable Charging Breaking Current (N15 and N27) 25 Amp

Rated Cable Charging Breaking Current (N38) 40 Amp

Rated Single Capacitor Bank Breaking Current 250 Amp

Rated No-Load Transformer Breaking Current 22 Amp

Rated Symmetrical Interrupting Current 12.5 kA

Rated Asymmetrical Short-circuit Making Current (peak) 31.5kA

Rated Symmetrical Making Current (rms) 12.5kA

Rated Short-time Withstand Current (rms) 12.5kA

Rated Duration of Short-circuit 3 sec

Rated Peak Withstand Current (peak) 31.5kA

Short Time Current Recovery Time 180 sec

Impulse Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter

N27 - 125kV option 125kV

N27 - 150kV option 150kV

N38 - 150kV option 150kV

N38 - 170kV option 170kV

Impulse Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter when SF6 70kV

Power Freq Withstand Phase/Phase, Phase/Earth, Across Interrupter

Closing Mechanism Solenoid

Opening Mechanismb Spring

D.C. Resistance Bushing/Bushing N15/N27 <100 micro Ohm

D.C. Resistance Bushing/Bushing N38 <140 micro Ohm

Tank Construction Welded Stainless Steel

Insulating Medium SF6 Gas

SF6 Operating Gas Pressure at 20C at sea level 10 to 35kPa Gauge

Maintenance Intervalc 5 Years

Earthingd 12mm stud provided

N15 and N27 IEC 62271-100

N38 IEC 60694

Circuit Mechanical Contact Wear

N15 10,000 10,000 1,000 100 N/A

N27 10,000 10,000 1,000 50 N/A

N38 10,000 10,000 1,000 520 500

a. Equipment manufactured before 01 November 1999 is rated for 3 000 operations.