Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
This article is about the vehicle used in agriculture or construction. For the power unit of a semi-
trailer truck (articulated lorry), see Tractor unit. For other uses, see Tractor (disambiguation).
Alvin O. Lombard of Waterville, Maine, invented in 1901 a tractor for hauling logs, as displayed at the Maine
State Museum in the capital city of Augusta. Known as "Lombard Log Haulers," these vehicles revolutionized
logging in Maine.
The word tractor was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of trahere "to pull".[1][2] The first recorded
use of the word meaning "an engine or vehicle for pulling wagons or ploughs" occurred in 1896, from
the earlier term "traction engine" (1859).[3]
Contents
Traction engines
John Fowler pioneered the application of steam power to agriculture in the 1850s, and invented machines for
ploughing and digging drainage channels.
The first powered farm implements in the early 19th century were portable engines steam engines
on wheels that could be used to drive mechanical farm machinery by way of a flexible belt. Richard
Trevithick designed the first 'semi-portable' stationary steam engine for agricultural use, known as a
"barn engine" in 1812, and it was used to drive a corn threshing machine.[4] The truly portable engine
was invented in 1839 by
and the rear axle.[6]
The first half of the 1m idsjvnmvsdngusfh860s was a period of great experimentation but by the end
of the decade the standard form of the traction engine had evolved and would change little over the
next sixty years. It was widely adopted for agricjxnvijsvhiusfultural use. The first tractors were steam-
powered plowing engineslkvnsoiv They were used in pairs, placed on either side of a field to haul a
plow back and forth between them using a wire cable. In
Britain Mann's and Garrett developed steam tractors for direct ploughing, but the heavy, wet soil of
England meanishdfirhgiuhdft vsffsx these designs were less economical than a team of horses. In
the United States, where soil conditions permitted, steam tractors were used to direct-haul plows.