City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2016

I. Background and Content

The CDRRM Plan for 2016 is a summation of all the necessary programs and projects that will be
implemented in the said year. While it may provide a glimpse of what to expect in the City
Government of Tagbilarans efforts in the area of disaster risk reduction, it is also based on the
experiences gathered in the previous years, particularly during those periods when calamities
struck. Prior to the formulation of the CDRRM Plan for 2016, a review of the disaster hazards was
made. The vulnerabilities were also determined as well as the current capacities of the city to
prevent and mitigate, to prepare for, to respond to, and to recover and rehabilitate from disasters.
As a result, the plan addresses the issues and challenges that lay ahead in the area of disaster risk
reduction management.

The CDRRM Plan for 2016 covers the following:

I. Background and Content of the CDRRMP 2016
II. Risk Profile
A. Natural and Geographic Conditions
B. Social and Economic Conditions
C. Major Hazards and Prone Areas
III. Challenges
IV. CDRRMP 2016
i. Prevention and Mitigation
ii. Preparedness
iii. Response
iv. Recovery and Rehabilitation

II. Risk Profile

A. Natural and Geographic Conditions

Tagbilaran City and the rest of the island of Bohol is affected by type IV climate with type B rainfall
based on the classification of PAG-ASA. Precipetation is more or less distributed thoughout the year
but more pronounced during the rainy months of October to March. Northeasterly winds (amihan)
prevail from May to October while Southwesterly winds (habagat) prevail from November to April.
Bohol is seldom visited by typhoons due to its central visayas geographic location and has monthly
average precipitation of (9.65 cm and an annual average of 171.46 cm). The average relative humidity
is 82.

Just like the rest of this island province, Tagbilaran City, which is about 73,270.19 has, is generally
underlain with limestone formation consisting of layers with variable porosity and pemeability. The
upper layer is chiefly composed of coralline materials and/or contained shells of sea creatures, which
is generally brittle but massive in occurrence. The coralline limestone layer generally exhibits dirty
whitto grayish white color.
Topography of the general area indicates the occurrence of sinkholes, caverns and solution channels
in some parts of the city. This rock unit of the limestone formation may represent the older layer,
which have been subjected to to persistent chemeical weathering. Fractures, which have already
been developed in this rock layer have been invaded consistently with water to form solution and
other crevices. As a result of the Magnitude 7.2 earthquake that struck the province of Bohol, a
number of caverns or uvulas have collapsed and developed into sinkholes. Among the most
prominent are those found in Poblacion I and Taloto. Soil cover exhibits clayey characteristics in most
of the identified depressions and thickness hardly exceeds more than 2 meters.

The entire City of Tagbilaran is located within Tagbuane River Basin and covers 29.20 sq km (21.27%
of the river basin). With exception of small ephemeral rivers and creeks, draining into the sea, there
are no river courses in the area. This indicates that almost all efffective rainfall (estimated to 474
mm/yr) could infiltrate into underground, which is a characteristic for karstified limestone terrain.
Due to the karstified limestone characteristics of the soil, rainfall-induced floods are not considered
as serious threats. Rainwater may flow directly to the low-lying areas in the city but this is
immediately absorbed by the limestone soil or channeled to the many groundholes that lead to the
uvulas or caverns.

B. Social and Economic Conditions

As of 2010 census year, the city of Tagbilaran has a total population of 96,792. The rural population
accounts 54,186 or 56% of the citys total population while the urban population has 42,588 or 44%.
In terms of land area, the urban population occupies only 371.2 hectare or 11.35% of the total land
area, covering four districts or barangays. The rural population occupies 2,898.8 hectares or 88.65%.
As such, the urban area has a population density of 114.73 persons to a hectare while the rural area
has only 19.38 persons per hectare.

The barangays or districts that are recognized as the citys urban areas are Cogon, Poblacion I,
Poblacion II, and Poblacion III. It is here that the citys major commercial establishments are located.
Many of the provincial government offices are also located here. With the high population density of
the said barangays, it can be concluded that it is also here that the vulnerabilities are much higher
than the others.

Area Population Pop. density Annual

Barangay
(km2) (2010) (per km2) Growth Rate

Bool 3.488 5,221 1497 2.12%

Booy 1.464 8,800 6011 4.02%
Cabawan 2.673 1,531 573 0.45%
Cogon 2.044 17,114 8373 0.24%
Dampas 4.437 8,440 1902 5.90%
Dao 3.909 8,227 2105 7.34%
Manga 1.173 6,460 5507 2.22%
Mansasa 0.829 6,156 7426 4.91%
 Area Population Pop. density Annual
Barangay
(km2) (2010) (per km2) Growth Rate

Poblacion I 0.259 3,072 11861 2.82%

Poblacion II 0.702 5,029 7164 5.39%
Poblacion III 0.707 6,051 8559 2.63%
San Isidro 4.294 4,821 1123 1.72%
Taloto 2.445 6,376 2608 1.17%
Tiptip 2.821 4,360 1546 3.60%
Ubujan 1.456 5,134 3526 1.90%
TOTAL 32.701 96,792 2960 1.75%

Tagbilaran City looks at economic growth that will provide good jobs for its constituents. In the
years to come Tagbilarans economy is expected to turn to business investments particularly for
a value-added port-production processing. Service oriented economy is there to stay but business
investment will make a headway. Agricultural base economy will be steady considering the
setacks of agricultural production in the city. Recently though, there may be a slight increase in
the agricultural production of the city, particularly in the livestock sector. This is due to the city
governments organic livestock project that covers the four interior barangays of Tiptip, San Isidro,
Cabawan and Dao. These barangays have continued to conduct agrcicultural production.

Out of the 9 coastal barangays, only 5 have considerable number of fisherfolks. These are Manga,
Ubujan, Taloto, Poblacion 1, and Bool. There are individuals or families in Booy who partially
depend on the sea for livelihood particularly in the gathering of seashells (kuja). The individuals
in Poblacion 2 who live in the foreshore areas are no longer directly involved in fishing but rather
on the sale of fresh seafoods, mostly as ambulant vendors or as market stallowners. While those
in Poblacion 1 are either involved also in the sale of fresh seafoods, in small fishing, or as workers
of big fishing enterprises.

The keys to new opportunities for business in the city are in the existing resources and activities
as well as attractions of major investments. Tagbilarans tall order for economic growth is to
provide effective investment attraction to make the city as one of the most attractive business
environment in the Central Visayas. Currently, it is the sectors in commerce and trade that has an
increasing vibrancy. The service sector is also on the rise. These can be seen in the rise of several
shopping malls in the city and the opening of many smaller shops as well. This particular growth
has led into the construction of low-rise buildings which are mostly located in the already
congested central business district. The service sector covers the hotel and restaurant businesses,
which are numerous considering that Tagbilaran City is the gateway to Bohol, an eco-tourism
destination. Many of the large infrastructure found in the city are operated as hotels.

Majority of the employed population who are not in the public sector are those involved in the
trade and commerce and service sectors. It is the malls who employ the largest concentration of
private sector employees. However, the biggest employers are still the local government units,
particularly that of the city and provincial governments. Therefore, the biggest concentration of
employees at any workday can be found in the facilities owned by the city government or by the
provincial government.

The people of Tagbilaran are generally religious. A large majority belongs to the Roman Catholic
Church while the rest belong to other Christian denominations. The Muslim communities who
mostly came from Mindanao are concentrated in certain puroks in Taloto, Poblacion 3, and
Poblacion 1. While being religious has its positive impact, this may result in fatalistic tendencies.
Instead of preparing for disasters, there is the belief that everything can happen and cannot be
prevented because it is the will of Divine Providence. After the Magnitude 7.2 earthquake though,
there is already an increasing awareness among the people when it comes to disasters. This is
proven by the readiness of those living in the coastal areas to evacuate when the city is on the
typhoons path.

The people of Tagbilaran are clannish by nature. They tend to help each other, especially if they
belong to one clan. This is considered to be a strength since it encourages easy recovery and
rehabilitation after a disaster strikes the city. There are certain barangays that are increasingly
being populated by those who do not originally come from the city though. Most of those living
in the depressed areas of Booy, Cogon, and Poblacion 2 are originally non-Tagbilaranons. Being
informal settlers, they do not own the land on which their makeshift homes are built on. This is
the reason why they may not be able to recover easily if their homes are damaged by earthquakes
or typhoons.

C. Hazards and Vulnerabilities

Generally, Tagbilaran City is prone to climatological, meteorolical, and geological phenomena that
may cause disasters. This is not surprising considering that the country itself is known as the most
disaster prone in the world. However, the province of Bohol, particularly the city of Tagbilaran
has its distinct geophysical and weather characteristics that have brought about certain natural
hazards. As a rapidly developing city and the increasing population density, the city is also
confronted with man-made or human-induced hazards.

Tropical Cyclones

Being located in Central Philppines and buffered by Leyte on its eastern side, Bohol enjoys a
certain degree of protection from tropical cyclones that usually come from the Pacific. In the past
years, the province was hit by tropical cyclones but did not incur serious damages to properties
and loss of lives or injuries. However, after Typhoon Yolanda, there have been several tropical
cyclones with paths that actually include the city of Tagbilaran. Storm surges, strong winds, and
heavy rainfall were reported and these have led into the evacuation of hundreds of families. In
the hazard assessment of the city, historical data show that coastal puroks of Manga, Ubujan,
Poblacion 2, Poblacion 1, and Bool have been consistent in evacuation in the event of tropical
cyclones directly affecting the city.

The hazard map provided by the Philippine Institute for Volcanology and Seismology considers
the red areas in the city as those most likely to be affected by storm surges.
 The vulnerabilities of the barangays that may seriously
be impacted by storm surges in the event of typhoons
differ according to location, geophysical
characteristics, physical conditions of the properties,
as well as social and individual characteristics of the
residents. However, in the barangays of Manga,
Ubujan, Poblacion 1, and Bool, those living in the
coastal areas have homes made of light materials.
These homes are also in the foreshore areas. Aside
from these, vulnerabilities, the residents rely much on
the sea for their livelihood as fisherfolks, shell
gatherers, fresh seafood vendors, or as workers of
commercial fishing vessels. Economically, they are
also very vulnerable.

The other barangays, particularly those in the interior

also experience secondary hazards related to tropical
cyclones. Those near sinkholes which the locals
commonly call as piong are at risk of rainfall-induced
landslides. This is particularly true in the cases of
Dampas, San Isidro, Tiptip, and Cabawan. The areas of
Dampas and Bool that are near the slopes of Banat-i Hill are also at risk of rainfall-induced
landslides.

Flooding had occurred in the past, especially in Cogon due to its low-lying areas and in Mansasa.
Nevertheless, the caves or uvulas below the ground surface facilitate the flow of water towards a
natural drainage, which
eventually solves flooding.
According to the map provided
by DOST-PAGASAs Project
Noah, the most flood-prone
areas in the city are those in red,
while yellow indicates the areas
that may experience some
flooding due to heavy rainfall.
This image was generated
through the help of LiDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging)
technology, which may be able
to read surface depth but does
not recognize the existence of
ground cavities or holes where
flood water is channeled
through.
Earthquakes

Tagbilaran City is surrounded by major

faultines that are known to be active.
North of the city is the North Bohol
Fault (NBF) which stretches from
North Bohol Fault
Inabanga to Loon and Maribojoc. The
distance covered by the said faultline is
30 to 40 kilometers. This major
movement of the North Bohol Fault
resulted in the massive earthquake in
October 15, 2013. The epicenter from
which the Mw 7.2 earthquake was
generated was 6 kilometers SW of
Sagbayan, a town that is only 36
kilometers away from Tagbilaran City.
On the intensity scale, the city
experienced an Intensity VII, which is
categorized as destructive.

However, it is not only the NBF that poses a potential earthquake hazard to the Tagbilaran City.
The East Bohol Fault stretches from the southern part of Pilar near Guindulman going southwest
to Lila. It was the EBFs
movement that led to the
earthquake in February 8, 1990.
This quake was Mw 6.8 and
triggered tsunamis that were as
high as 2m. It is important to
note that the epicenter of the
East Bohol Fault
1990 earthquake was only 17
kilometers east of Tagbilaran
City. While the towns of
Guindulman, Duero and Jagna
experienced Intensity VIII, which
is categorized as very
destructive, while the city had
Intensity VI, categorized as very
strong.

Due to the presence of the NBF and EBF, the Philipine Institute for Volcanology and Seismology
has declared that Tagbilaran is prone to earthquakes. The October 15, 2013 earthquake clearly
proves that the city is not safe from such phenomenon. Even the 1990 earthquake in the east of
the province affected the city. However, there also other hazards that may be prompted by an
earthquake. These also pose serious threats to life and property in the city. The particular hazard
maps provided to the city by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau point out the areas in the city
that are threatened by liquefaction, tsunami, earthquake-induced landslides, and ground shaking.
Ground-shaking

With the existing faults, EBF and NBF, it is clear that Tagbilaran City is earthquake-prone.
History has shown that the city is very likely to experience intense ground-shaking if either
of these faults move. This is the reason why the ground-shaking hazard map provided by
the MGB shows that the entire city is shaded red. This means that there no particular
area that cannot be impacted by tectonic movements coming from the EBF or the NBF.

However, the vulnerabilities and capacities of

the barangays in the face of such hazard vary.
Since an intense ground-shaking can be most
hazardous to concrete buildings, it is
expected that most vulnerable parts are in
the Central Business District which can be
found in Poblacion II and Poblacion III. Cogon
has a number of medium-rise concrete
structures that may also be vulnerable to
ground-shaking.

The homes adjacent to the buildings, upon

their collapse, are also at risk of being
damaged. Houses that are made of light
materials may not be as vulnerable as those
that are made of concrete. Generally, the
depressed areas in the city, where homes are
usually made of wood, are not as threatened
as those in the more affluent areas.

Since the most vulnerable areas in the city are

those in the Central Business District, it is
expected that the damages to infrastructure
would lead to serious implications in the local economy. Most of the government
operations, whether provincial or city, are based on buildings that are mostly or entirely
made of concrete. Hence, if tremors damage these structures, the probability of the local
governments operations being paralyzed or being abnormal is very likely.

Liquefaction

Soil liquefaction is primarily caused by intense ground-shaking. When the ground shakes
due to earthquake, the saturated or partially saturated soil loses its strength. This may
also be triggered by groundwater finding its way to the upper soil resulting also in the loss
of strength. This phenomenon poses threats to infrastructure built on affected areas as
these lose stability as a consequence. The primary examples of liquefaction that occurred
during the 2013 earthquake are the sand bubbles that appeared on the pavements of the
port area immediately after the earthquake. The lapsing of both the pier and Manga
fishport are also caused by liquefaction.
 The hazard map provided by the MGB on
liquefaction shows that all the coastal barangays
are threatened. Apparently, these barangays many
areas that have aquifers beneath its top ground. If
there is a strong earthquake, the said aquifers may
give way to water rising up and loosening the
ground and breaking the stability of the structures
on the surface. As the map shows, the areas shaded
red are those most susceptible to liquefaction. The
most affected by this hazard are Manga, Ubujan,
Taloto, Booy, and Lower Cogon.

The barangays threatened by liquefactionn happen

to be very vulnerable since these are densely
populated. The coastal puroks of Manga, Ubujan,
Taloto, and Booy are also vulnerable in the sense
that most of the residents in these areas below to
the low-income bracket. Aside from being
vulnerable in terms of location, their income does
not guarantee quick recovery should they become
victims of liquefaction. The coastal areas of Cogon,
Poblacion II, and Poblacion I have commercial
establishments with medium-rise buildings that
may also be at risk because of liquefaction.

Tsunami

The fact that the island of Bohol already has two inland fault lines as earthquake
generators already heightens the risks of tsunami. However, aside from the NBF and the
EBF, there are also potentially dangerous areas in the seas surrounding the island that
also provide the reasons why the Tagbilaran should also consider tsunamis as an
earthquake-related hazard.

According to PHIVOLCS,
the NBF stretches to
southern Cebu,
particularly in vicinity of
the coastal waters of
Dalaguete, Alcoy, and
Boljoon. The number of
aftershocks generated in
these underwater areas
prove that these could
generate earthquakes
and subsequently
tsunamis. If a tsunami
occurs, Manga, Ubujan,
Taloto, Booy will be
severely impacted. Taloto, however, has a bigger area with coastal vegetation with its
relatively thick mangrove forests. This lessens the impact of the tsunami. Booy, on the
other hand, has elevated foreshore areas with cliffs. The coastal areas in Cogon, and
Poblacion II may also be affected. With the port area located in these barangays, a
tsunami generated by the said fault line can adversely affect the citys economy.

Another potential source of

tsunami is the submarine fault
line running from east of Bohol
traversing near the coasts of
Anda and Jagna then going to the
west in the area of Duero,
Garcia-Hernandez, Duero and
towards Lila then south towards
the island of Siquijor. If a
tsunami is generated from the
segment of the submarine fault
line fronting Alburquerque and
Baclayon, the the barangays in
Tagbilaran City that will be
impacted are Bool and a small
portion of Mansasa.

Sinkholes and Landslides

The presence of sinkholes is a unique

feature of Tagbilaran City. While intense
ground-shaking is already a hazard that
can render enough damage, the caves
which can develop into sinkholes due to
an earthquake provide threats to various
areas in the city. As a result of the
Magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 2013, a
couple of uvulas ruptured in Poblacion 1
and Taloto. Based on the study
conducted by the Mines and Geoscience
Bureau in the aftermath of the
earthquake, the subsidence threats are
as follows:
 LOCATION OBSERVATIONS
POBLACION 1 PUROK 3 A cave window with dimensions of 18mx15m
GPS reading: N 93818.7 is located in Purok 3, Poblacion 1 near the
E 123 5134.7 covered court.
This is a northwest-southeast trending
opening connected to the cave openings
going to the sea.
Several barangay infrastructures are situated
around the periphery of the cave window.
An elongated depression was observe beside
the cave.
POBLACION 1 PUROK 1 A cave window with dimensions of 25mx15m
GPS reading: N 93816.6 is located in Purok 1, Poblacion 1,
E 1235138.9 approximately 400 sq.m
This is a northwest-southwest trending
opening connected to other cave openings in
the vicinity.
Residential settlements are situated around
the periphery of the cave window.

TALOTO VICTORIA MEMORIAL PARK Progressing tension cracks (approximately E-

ROAD W trend) on road that extends ~10-15m into
(T. CLOMA AVE.) cemetery area and radially; vertical
GPS reading: N 94010.9 displacement on road (~3cm on a crack);
E 1235051.4 sinking cemetery fence on affected area.
Culvert reported to emit foul odor from the
earthquake; ~1.5m from road surface is a
cave opening.
TALOTO VICTORIA MEMORIAL PARK Coralline limestone cave opening reported to
GROUNDS have water pools large enough for people to
GPS reading: N 94015.6 swim; cave entrance ~1.4m but widens
E 1235050.2 further inside; old artesian well ~5m away
Cracks from the earthquake extend up to
cemetery boundary.
TALOTO ARTESIAN WELL IN O. Vertically uneven street slope; water table is
ZAMORA ST. ~1.5m from surface reported to have
GPS reading: N 94008.2 somewhat brackish water.
E 1235056.1 Water ponding lasts for 1 week in depression
near reported cave opening in vegetated
area.
TALOTO SHORELINE DURING LOWTIDE Residential areas are present; limestone cave
GPS reading: N 94013.5 openings are present but no movement of
E 123 50 41.1 the exposures are reported.

TALOTO NESTLE WAREHOUSE Two cave openings were reported to have

GPS reading: N 94021.4 been filled up/closed.
E 1235056.4
 TALOTO PUROK 3 A newly developed east-west trending cave
GPS reading: N 94032.3 window created by the collapse of cavern
E 123519.2 roof is located in residential areas in Purok 3,
Brgy. Taloto, formerly identified as sinkhole.
Communities The area is underlain by porous fossiliferous
(100m radius) limestone characterized by buff to cream
around the cave collapse color, sandy matrix surrounding shell and
coral remains. The cave window is
approximately 35-40m long and 15-20m
wide. Thickness of the ground is 3 m.
thickness of the cave roof/ceiling varies from
2.0m to 5.0m.
Further development and progression of
cracks (20-65m wide), were observed in the
periphery of the collapse.
Soil cover measures from 20cm up to 30cm.
TALOTO VICINITY OF THE RUNWAY OF GPR survey was conducted around the
TAGBILARAN AIRPORT vicinity of the runway of Tagbilaran Airport.
Main cave chamber has manifested in the
radar image ta depth of 8.0m. However,
several sinkholes are identified along the line
nearly parallel to the runway. Surface
manifestation of sinkhole is a depression
along the road that resulted to warping.
CABAWAN PUROK 4 This is the proposed permanent relocation
GPS coordinates: N 9419.9 site for the residents of Brgy. Poblacion 1 that
E 1235353.1 are affected by sinkhole collapse.
The relocation site is underlain by coralline
limestone filled with dissolution cavities.
The general area is observed have several
large-scale collapsed sinkholes and is around
half kilometer away from a large uvula
identified using the 1:50,000 scale NAMRIA
map.
In the site, two large sinkholes were
observed, one measuring 63m long, 52m
wide and 5-10m deep. 35m to the west of
this sinkhole is another one measuring 30 m
by 20m is 5-7m deep.
Several small sinkholes measuring 3m in
diameter and with a depth of 0.5m were
identified along the edge of the larger
sinkhole.
No tension cracks were observed in the
periphery.
GPR image shows that the old sinkholes were
filled by earth induced. Thin horizontal
cavities are top of larger cavities or voids.
POBLACION II DR. CECILIO PUTONG Construction of a new 2-storey buildings
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PUROK 2 proposed in a newly demolished site inside
GPS coordinates: N 9417.9 the school.
E 1235349.5
 This building was demolished prior to the
earthquake.
The Special Program for the Arts building is
adjacent to an old sinkhole and is already
showing signs of subsidence (e.g. cracks
forming near the contact of the wall and the
floor along the hallway and inside the
classrooms) prior to the earthquake. The
earthquake worsened these tension cracks.
The sinkhole is around 15m by 7m. The depth
could not be determined because it was filled
up with sediments.
Water is being drained into the area and is
rarely flooded.
A well-developed tabular cave is shown by
the GPR image. Thickness of the cave is
around 2.5-3.5m slumping of the soil material
was observed in the end of the survey line.
DAO PROVINCIAL BUS TERMINAL A sinkhole measuring around 40m in
GPS coordinates: N 93924.24 diameter and is 30m deep was observed near
E 1235215.39 the parking lot of the terminal.
Tension cracks were observed in the
periphery of the hole as far as 30m from the
edge and are propagating towards the SW
also affecting the bus terminal.
5m surrounding the depression the roads are
warping towards the center of the sinkhole.
COGON BEHIND CITY HALL A sinkhole measuring around 130mx70m and
COMPOUND is 7m deep was observed behind the
Tagbilaran City hall compound.
Ponding of water is observed.
Reactivation of canals that feed into the
sinkhole was observed after the 7.2 M
earthquake last 15 October.
MANGA MANGA NATIONAL HIGH Two depressions are observed in the school
SCHOOL compound. One near the comfort room and
the other in the front lawn of the school
which serves as a volleyball court.
The area is underlain by fractured coralline
limestone filled with solution cavities.
Bedding planes are observed to be striking
NW and dipping 5SW.
Based on the GPR image, thin horizontal
cavities occur in 2.5m and 5.0m depth mark.
The level larger cavity is on deeper level (8.0
10.0m depth)
The risk factors of the sinkholes/uvulas that have been discovered so far depend on the
quantity and quality of the structures located directly on it or by its periphery. Most of
the sinkholes accounted for are, however,
located in the residential areas. This means
that those directly threatened by these
potential or actual sinkholes are structures
that do not contain a huge number of
occupants at a any given time. The MGB
has yet to provide the city of Tagbilaran a
more expansive report on the number and
location of the other sinkholes.

The landslide susceptibility map provided

by the MGB refers to the areas of the city
where the uvulas have actually ruptured
long ago and have resulted in sinkholes.
Apparently, the map also shows that aside
from the sinkholes that are already
existent, the slopes of Banat-i Hill,
particularly that facing Dampas are
susceptible to landslides. These are shaded
in yellow. Landslides can be produced by
massive ground-shaking or induced by
heavy rains. The homes and infrastructure
within the perimeter of the landslide-prone
areas are considered to be at risk. As the map shows, the barangays with the most
number of landslide-prone areas are Bool, Dampas, San Isidro, Tip, Cabawan, and a
certain part of Dao.
 Fire

There are several areas in the city that are identified as fire hazards. The factors that made these
so are that the said areas are densely populated with homes that are made of light materials and
are very near eacher; the roads are passable only by light vehicles and not by fire engines; the
homes or buildings have not undergone the legal processes of acquiring the necessary permits
through inspections; the probability of electrical service misuse or abuse is very high; and, the
presence of fire hazardous materials.

Among the districts in the city that bore the most fire-prone areas are:
Barangay Purok Issues
Poblacion 1 Purok 2 Occupants are mostly informal settlers.
Purok 4 Homes made of light materials.
Many homes are located in near the foreshore
areas and far from the main road resulting in
fire response difficulties
Poblacion 3 Purok 5 Very congested with homes made of light
Purok 6 materials.
Purok 2 Certain portions are too far from the main road
resulting in fire response difficulty.
Poblacion 2 Purok 3 Very congested with homes made of light
Purok 1 materials.
Certain portions are too far from the main road
resulting in fire response difficulty.
Cogon Purok 4 Very congested with homes made of light
Purok 5 materials.
Purok 3 Certain portions are too far from the main road
resulting in fire response difficulty.
Purok 2
Many residential units are boarding houses.
Purok 1
Booy Purok 4 No or very difficult access for fire responders.
Purok 5 Occupants are mostly informal settlers.
Very congested with homes made of light
materials.
Bool Purok 8 (Habitat) Very congested with homes made of light
materials.
Difficult access for fire responders, distance
from the nearest fire station.
Taloto Purok 3 (Tongo) No or very difficult access for fire responders.
Occupants are mostly informal settlers.
Very congested with homes made of light
materials.
Tiptip Purok 8 Homes very near to each other
Difficult access for fire responders, distance
from the nearest fire station.
San Isidro Purok 7 (Lindaville Ph 2) Homes very near to each other
Difficult access for fire responders, distance
from the nearest fire station.

III. Challenges
The main challenges that the city of Tagbilaran is facing are basically in relation to its current
vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities are physical or material, social or organizational, and attitudinal or
motivational. It is by addressing the vulnerabilities that the capacities of the LGU, particularly the
CDRRMC, are increased making it possible for the risks to be lessened. The vulnerabilities, as already
stated above, especially in the hazards explanation provide a view of the challenges that the CDRRMC
is facing. These are challenges that the CDRRMC must deal with.

Prevention and Mitigation

In the sphere of disaster prevention and mitigation, there is still the need to create a more detailed
hazard map down to the barangay level. Such map would be the basis of a more particular action or
contingency plan both for the CDRRMC and the BDRRMC. With a hazard map, it would be easy to
determine the kinds of early warning systems to be established. This is especially true for the coastal
areas which faces the threats of tsunami. There is a serious need to review the conditions of the
buildings, especially those that are located near sinkholes or those directly above or in the perimeter
of uvulas. An infrastructure audit is a necessity in order to determine the resilience of the buildings,
especially those owned by the city government.

There is a need for infrastructure for the purposes of mitigation that may have to be established. This
is particularly true in the coastal areas where the possibility of tsunamis and storm surge is high.
Among these infrastructures are breakwaters. The cheaper alternative to breakwaters is the planting
of mangroves in the coastal areas. This is particularly true in the area of Ubujan, Manga, and Bool.

The most important challenge that requires immediate attention is the establishment of City Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Office. Without a CDRRM Officer and staff, attention towards
disaster mitigation and prevention, as well as the other thematic areas would remain inconsistent and
haphazard. Personnel working full-time on disaster concerns guarantee that all the plans and
programs aiming to make the city more prepared and resilient in the face of disasters are realized.
This is aside from the fact that RA 10121 mandates all LGUs to establish the said office. It may also be
necessary to establish an Environment Office, which shall assist the City Mayors Office in matters of
climate change adaptation as disaster prevention and mitigation.

Preparedness

It is safe to state that the preparedness level of the city government and the CDRRMC is average only
in fields of evacuation and relief goods distribution. When it comes to other areas such as search and
rescue, the CDRRMCs capacity is still very low. There is still room for improvement when it comes to
the CDRRMCs capability to evacuate large numbers of people at the shortest possible time. The key
issue here is the lack of bigger vehicles for evacuation. This is the same problem that beset the
operations on relief goods distribution.

Currently, the CDRRMC only has the ALERT as its organic force for first response. The ALERT still needs
to be trained in life support techniques, in search and rescue, and in other disaster response activities.
Only a few ALERT personnel have taken Basic Life Support trainings and they have to review it
regularly so as to keep them ready always. The training of the CDRRMs first responders is necessary
so that they will be able to augment the TaRSIER, which has a provincial scope. The City Health Office
has a number of job order nurses that may also be trained as EMS personnel. With the planned
acquisition of an ambulance, it is necessary that a crew made of up EMS personnel should be created.

The CDRRMC is clearly under-equipped. It does not have search and rescue equipment and the fleet
of vehicles under the city GSO is not designed for evacuation, search and rescue, and relief goods
distribution. Therefore, in terms of emergency and disaster response, it has to rely on what limited
resources it has or depend on the PDRRMCs TaRSIER. There is an urgent need to equip the CDRRMC
with the basic search and rescue equipment. There is also a need to increase its transportation
capabilities, both in land and water.

There is already a continuing effort by the CDRRMC to heighten awareness of the public when it comes
to disaster preparedness. There are seminars, forums, and discussions being conducted in the schools
and the barangays for this purpose. However, while the effort is meant to make the public prepared
for disasters, the city government itself must increase its efforts in equipping itself and training its
personnel for disaster response.

Response

The standard practice of the CDRRMC is to establish an operations center, this serves as the command
and control center during the duration of a disaster. It is from this command center, directly
accountable to the LCE/CDRRMC chairman, where directives are given to the responding departments
and national agencies. However, the relationship between the command center and the city
departments and national agencies involved in disaster response is coordinative in nature. There is
still a need to introduce and practice the Incident Command System. Through the Incident Command
System, the chain of command is defined and the roles and functions of each department or individual
is are clear.

Without a full-time CDRRMO, there is difficulty in ensuring that the actual response goes on smoothly.
It is the CDRRMO that ensures that enough preparations are made in anticipation of disasters. With
enough preparations, the response stage will be less difficult. During the response stage, it is also the
CDRRMO that creates and deploys Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis teams. The role of
the RDANA teams is to give accurate reports on the field regarding the effects of the disaster, making
it possible for the CDRRMO to immediately address the situation. In recent disasters, the CDRRMC
relies mostly on the reports of the barangay officials, which are not always accurate and timely.

Due to the absence of basic search and rescue equipment and vehicles, as well as the lack of training
of its first responders, the CDRRMC is still wanting when it comes to disaster response. If devastating
disasters, such as strong earthquakes or typhoons, strike the city, there is absolutely no guarantee
 that the CDRRMC can immediately address the results of the impact. It is also necessary for the
CDRRMC to design contingency plans for different types of disasters that may strike the city.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

In terms of recovery and rehabilitation, the city government had already proven that it can
immediately conduct the clearing and repairs of major infrastructure after a disaster. It is the City
Engineers Office that usually takes the lead in this work. Aside from this, the city government has
the capacity to normalize its operations as soon as possible despite the impact of the disaster. These
capabilities were shown during the aftermath of the M7.2 earthquake.

However, there may still be gaps when it comes to addressing the psycho-social impact of the disaster.
There are not enough social workers or personnel with experience in psycho-social intervention who
can deal with cases of PTSD resulting from the disasters. There is a need to train personnel from the
City Health Office and City Social Welfare and Development Office to handle such cases.

While there may be designated evacuation centers already, the possibility of permanent relocation is
high, especially if major disasters impact the informal settler communities. Currently, the city has yet
to develop an area that may be considered as the relocation site for victims of disasters who can no
longer be allowed to resettle in their areas should these be declared as danger zones or no-build
zones.

IV. City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Action Plan 2016

Prevention and Mitigation

Activity Objective Timeframe Lead Person/Agency
Establishment of Comply with RA 10121 1st quarter of the year LCE
CDRRMO with Institutionalize DRRM HRMO
permanent staff
Hazard Mapping Detailed city hazard 1st quarter of the year CDRRMC Action Officer
map and staff
CPDO
Design early Improve tsunami and 2nd quarter of the year CDRRMC Action Officer
warning system for storm surge and staff
coastal barangays preparedness
Mangrove Planting Improve tsunami and 2nd quarter of the year CDRRMC
storm surge mitigation City Agriculture
Infrastructure Audit Check infra resiliency 3rd quarter of the year CDRRMC
CEO
OBO

Preparedness
Activity Objective Timeframe Lead Person/Agency
 Basic Life Support Increase life support 4 x in the year CDRRMC Action Officer
Training skills of ALERT, CHO CHO
personnel, tanods TaRSIER
Basic Search and Increase rescue skills of 2nd quarter of the year CDRRMC Action Officer
Rescue (incl. Water selected ALERT TaRSIER
Rescue) personnel PCG

Fire and Improve preparedness 3rd quarter of the year CDRRMC Action Officer
Earthquake Drills levels in schools, and staff
barangays, and City BFP
Hall Dep ED
BDRRMCs
Camp Acquire knowledge on 4th quarter of the year CDRRMC Action Officer
Management the management of and staff
Seminar evacuation centers CSWD
CHO
Dep ED
BDRRMCs
Community-based Improve preparedness Once for each CDRRMC
Disaster of communities and barangay in the year BDRRMCs
Preparedness families
Seminars
Construction of Provide temporary Anytime of the year LCE
Evacuation Center shelter to affected SP
families CEO
Acquisition of Tools Increase emergency Anytime of the year LCE
and Equipment and disaster response
o 4 mini dump preparedness
trucks
o Fire hydrants
o Ambulance
o Various Search
and Rescue
Tools

Response
Activity Objective Timeframe Lead Person/Agency
Establishment and Establish chain of As the need arises LCE
Operationalization command during CDRRMC
of ICS emergencies
Operationalization Serve as center or As the need arises LCE
of the Command headquarters of the ICS CDRRMC
Center
Employment and Utilization of ALERT, As the need arises CDRRMC Com Center
Deployment of CHO personnel, BFP, ICS
First Responders PNP, and volunteer
groups
 Procurement of Meet immediate needs As the need arises CBO
Relief Goods for food from affected GSO
families
Rapid Damage Determine immediate As the need arises CSWD
Assessment and needs of victims BDRRMCs
Needs Analysis
Establishment of Provide temporary As the need arises CDRRMC Com Center
Evacuation Centers shelters in the CHO
and Camp barangays CSWD
Management Dep Ed
BDRRMCs
Distribution of Meet immediate needs As the need arises CDRRMC Com Center
Relief Goods for food by affected CSWD
families GSO

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Activity Objective Timeframe Lead Person/Agency
Conduct DANA Determine long-term After the disaster LCE
infra and material CDRRMC
needs of affected areas CEO
CPDO
BDRRMCs
Psycho-social Treat cases of PTSD After the disaster CSWD
Intervention among survivors CHO
Cash Assistance to Assistance for After the disaster LCE
Survivors immediate recovery
Livelihood Assistance for After the disaster LCE
Programs economic recovery
Infrastructure Improve infra through After the disaster CEO
Repairs build back better

Prepared by:

Gerard M. Lavadia
Executive Assistant III
CDRRMC Action Officer

Approved by:
John Geesnell L. Yap II
City Mayor
CDRRMC Chairman