Wheaton, Team. Style, Diction, Tone, and Voice, Wheaton College Writing Center: Illinois, 2009

Wheaton, Team.
Style, diction, tone, and voice, Wheaton College Writing Center: Illinois,
2009
Language varies according to its uses as well as its users, according to where it is used
and to whom, as well as according to who is using it. The addressees and the context affect
our choice of code or variety, whether language, dialect or style (Holmes, Janet: 239: 2013).
Language varies not only according to the social characteristics of speakers - such as the
factors of social class, ethnic group, and gender which we have already discussed - but also
according to the social context in which speakers fnd themselves. The same speaker uses
different linguistic varieties in different situations and for dierent purposes (Trudgill: 81:
2000). Language and context
So a poem is not an expression but an in de pen dent object with a selfcontained meaning, and
if this meaning is not self- evident to the attentive reader, then we dont judge the poem a
success. Tis is where evaluation comes in. The success or failure of a poem depends on the
realization of meaning. It doesnt depend on our going to the archive, fnding out what the
author said in his letters about it, or what he told his friends, or what he told the newspapers. If
the meaning is not clear in the poem itself, we judge it a failure. We dont refer to an authorial
intention. We have no reason to appeal to one if we respect the autonomy of the poem (Paul:
77: 2012).
it refers to the way in which language is used in a given context, by a given person, for a given
purpose ..... (Leech & Short: 26: 2007). Style in fiction
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH LITERATURE
LITERATURE NOWADAYS
Literature which has long been a tools of delivering a message, now is still an icon in
language discussions and studies. This could be traced by sort of discusions of critical theory
to the works of literature or the literary criticism that is defined by Abrams (49-50: 1999) as
the overall term for studies concerned with defining, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, and
interpreting the works of literature. Also Jonathan (15-31: 2011) provides a special discussion
about comparative literature that discussed about future of literature, the death of literature,
some approaches, a strand, and the literary. This means that literature is still an interesting
discussion to rise to the middle of the world discussion.
Practically, we are still able to watch some leterary works such as poetry, drama, and
prose etc., that are widely utilized to convey a particular meaning and to perform to the
audiences or listeners publicly. This reality is an evidence that leterary works are still
effective ways to deliver a certain message. Performers are easily able to deliver a message
which has moral, social, and cultural values by the assistance of the literary works tools such
as rhythm, mimic, action, imitation, voice (tone), etc., (see Lennard: 2005). Besides, they are
also able to entertain the audiences (Andrzej, 2011) rather than only focusing on delivering a
message that may convey in the performance.
In addition to that fact, it is really easy to find a literary performance or event that
utilizes such literary works such as reading poem in a graduation day, drama performance in
a closing meeting of a particular event, and other leterary works performances. By these
performances, the audiences may enjoy a benefit because they may have a special lesson
from the performances as well as they may have fun by the performances. This is in line with
the function of literature it-self as Andrzej (9: 2011) stated that literature may have five
functions such as (1) an intertaining function, (2) an informative function, (3) an aesthetic
function, (4) an intelectual function, (5) and it contributes social integration.
Poetry in other word, has its own uniques to discuss which leads us to the deeper
understanding of literature in nature. As Richard (6: 2005) agued that one of the effects of
poetry is to change how we look at the world. It metamorphoses readers into different beings.
He (5: 2005) also continues that the importance of teaching poetry in the secondary level is that
one of the functions of poetry is to help us make sense of ourselves in the world.
It follows that it should be an integral part of the education of young people who,
particularly in the adolescent years, have such difficulty in making sense of
themselves because, as one poet put it, their inner world is centripetal.
Jonathan (106:2011) further gives more explanation that
poetry involves narrative, argument, image, and suggestion. Poetics generally

has a theoretical and personal or psychological aspect: seeing and perceiving,
and making up ones mind about the matter at hand, suggest possibilities in the
relation between poet as speaker and writer and the audience (auditors,
readers).
The researcher believes that this research is relevant to conduct since this is an efford
to analyze and criticize the work of literature such as poems by some poets. As Andrzej (15:
2011) made clear that literary criticism is a study, analysis and evaluation of literary works
done by specialists. It includes genre classification, analysis of the structure and style of a
literary work, interpretation of meaning, comparison and evaluation of different literary works,
etc. Reading and interpretation of literature cannot be separated. We always interpret when we
try to understand. Therefore, interpretation is part of the reading process. Interpretation is also
part of literary criticism.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE NOWADAYS

Literature is also possible to facilitate people from different backgrounds. As Holmes
(239: 2013) pointed out that:
Language varies according to its uses as well as its users, according to where it is
used and to whom, as well as according to who is using it. The addressees and the
context affect our choice of code or variety, whether language, dialect or style.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POETRY
References
Lennard, John. 2005. The Poetry Handbook 2nd Edition (A Guide to Reading Poetry for
Pleasure and Practical Criticism). New York: Oxford University Press Inc
Hart, Jonathan. 2011. Literature, Theory, History. New York: Palgrave MacMillan
Abrams, M. H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Terms 7th Edition. Cornell University: Heinle
& Heinle, Tompson Learning.
Alvius, Alm Christina. 2003. Figures of Speech. Sweden: Studentlitteratur Lund
Barnet, Sylvian., William Burto, and William E. Cain. 2006. An Introduction to
Literature: Fiction, Poetry, and Drama 14th Edition. Printen in the United States

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Wheaton, Team.

discussion to rise to the middle of the world discussion.

message that may convey in the performance.

function, (4) an intelectual function, (5) and it contributes social integration.

Jonathan (106:2011) further gives more explanation that

poetry involves narrative, argument, image, and suggestion. Poetics generally

part of literary criticism.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE NOWADAYS

(239: 2013) pointed out that:

THE IMPORTANCE OF POETRY

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