Gardens that Give and Give: Top Twelve Essential

Perennials

With Keri Evjy

Permaculture Educator, Herbalist, Community Revitalist
Healing Roots Design
Asheville, NC

Organic Growers School Fall, 2014

Why Perennials? Deeper roots = More self-maintaining
over time through mutual plant,
bacteria, fungal relationships
Perennial ecosystems imitate nature in
form and function while providing for
food in your backyard, farm or ranch.
Animal Habitat! Pollinator habitat.
Create Microclimates by not disrupting
soil.
Moderates Pests!
Sequesters carbon
Edible Roots, Shoots, Leaves, Flowers,
Fruits - Plant once - Sustained yields
over many years, 4 season eating
Builds soil
Design Considerations for Perennial Foodscapes
Observe and Interact - Right Plant, Right Place
Slower time frame: Sleep. Creep. Leap. Repeat.
Build habitat to moderate pest and disease
Scatter patterning, like nature, polycultures
Taste a Sample/Know the peskiness
Spacing - use mature size dimensions
Cycle of Life - Feed living and dying
Plan for succession/layer
Provide good drainage
Plant for full season foraging
Mulch in winter
Daylily - Hemerocallis fulva
Edible shoots - 8 tall, fresh.
Flower buds - Harvest while still green and firm, these can be
steamed, boiled, or stir-fried. They also make great pickles.
Tubers - Late autumn - early spring. Dont peel tubers: Scrub and cook
as you would potatoes, remembering that they won't take quite as long
to cook.
Correct ID necessary: orange flowers, leaves yellow green, leaves
applaud, tubers
Useful understory plant, low maintenance, erosion control, ornamental,
wild growing conditions, ground cover.
Sochan - Green Headed
Coneflower
Related to Echinacea
Roots immune stimulant
Leaves - food
Ally to skin and kidneys,
menstrual cramps, emmenagogue
Native, abundant wild green,
riparian, floodplain, trails,
roadways, part shade.
Nettles - Urtica dioica

Spring and Fall harvest

Mulch, foliar feed and
insecticide. Pollinator habitat
Protein, Vit A and C, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and
fiber, chlorine, chlorophyll
Rich soil, disturbed habitats, moist woodlands, thickets, along
rivers, and along partially shaded trails.
Pick in quantity, steam them, freeze them, put them in soups,
stews, and other dishes, dry them, tincture in alcohol.
Diuretic, bronchial, urinary, bites and stings, allergies, drying
and cooling. superfood. tea or food herb.
Asparagus officinalis
Garden fresh delicacy!
Yields 10-15 years
Male hybrids, females can be weedy
Ferns and hard red berries
Hardy to Zone 3
Well drained soil, rich, manure, pH 7
Asparagus beetle, aphid, row cover- Choose disease
resistant varieties (Mary Washington, Jersey Supreme)
Crowns - allow 4-5 weeks for gemination, 6-8 deep, 2
below soil. Add soil, dont bury tips. Harvest little 2nd
year, more 3rd.
Rhubarb - Rheum x
cultorum

Pies, sauces, tart, celery like vegetable

Flower buds, stalks edible - when cooked
Caution fresh
Roots and leaves toxic, TCM
3-5 wide. Productive
Moist, well drained soil.
Full sun, heavy feeder,
Mulch in winter
Few pests and diseases
 Monarda - M. fistulosa & M. didyma (red)
Eastern Beebalm, Bergamot, Wild Oswego Tea, Horsemint
Antiseptic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic and stimulant
Colds, catarrh, headaches, and gastric disorders, to reduce
low fevers and soothe sore throat, to relieve flatulence,
nausea, menstrual pain, and insomnia.
Above ground parts, pot herb, June to July harvest
Flowers - garnish, pollinators!
Leaves - sauteed, spicy enhancement, aromatic
and medicinal tea
Edible fresh or sauteed
Part shade, dry thickets, clearings and woodland
edges
Strawberry - Fragaria
First fruits to mature and easy to grow.
Compact, solo planting or interspersed.
Fruits for years.
June-bearing varieties - 2 to 3 weeks in early summer. Day neutral
varieties produce main crop in early summer, then smaller crops all
summer long. Alpine strawberry plants are smaller and produce tiny,
intensely flavored fruits all summer. Everbearing steadily produce
small yields throughout summer.
Strawberries grow best on sandy loam soil in full sun.
Remove runners for more crowns.
The mulch preserves soil moisture, prevents weed growth, and keeps
the berries from touching the ground and rotting.
French Sorrel - Rheum acetosa
Vegetable in Europe
Zesty, lemon tang and delicate texture
Edible year round, first and last greens in garden
Cut back flower stalks
Mulch plants- high in calcium,
magnesium and potassium
Profusion
Oxalic Acid
Milkweed - Asclepias syriaca
Shoots come first, tasty green beans!
Next come florets, unopened flower buds
that suggest broccoli but taste like okra.
The fully opened flowers, laden nectar,
make a superb syrup (think cocktails and
sorbet!). Or dried for winter use.
Finally, the small, young pods are
another great vegetable.
Sprouts, buds, immature pods eaten by
Iroquois and prairie tribes. The Chippewas stewed the flowers.
Milkweed ID! Ensure its not dogbane or butterfly weed!

Leaves Opposite: Leaves grow in opposite pairs along the stalk.

Generally are 4-9 inches (10-23 cm) long and 2-4 inches (5-10 cm)
wide. Oblong or ovate in shape with smooth margins. Thick, meaty
leavesnot succulent.
Velvet fuzz: The entire plant is covered in a light pubescence
giving it a soft, velvety feel (dogbane on the other hand lacks this
throughout the plant).
Exudes Latex when Broken: If you break the leaves, petioles, or
stalk it will exude a large amount of white, milky latex.
Flavor is Slightly Sweet: If a small tongue-taste reveals that the
plant is bitter, it is not Common Milkweed!
Milkweed -
Careful with sap.
Eat a little, wait 30 min.
No bitterness!
Young shoots, leaves and pods boiled in 3+ changes of water.
Collect flower buds and flowers during summer. Dip buds in
boiling water for one minute, batter and deep fry. When cooked like
broccoli, buds are similar to okra. The flower clusters may also be
battered and fried. After cooking, buds, flowers and leaves can be
frozen. Use like okra in soups. A bit of baking soda in the water will
help break down the tough fibers in the seed pod. Lacto-Ferment.
Upland prairies, fields, meadows, waste places, prefers full sun
Jerusalem Artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus
Sunchokes, 6- 12 tall. Full sun/light shade
Tubers crisp and sweet - medium sized
Raw, cooked, baked
Use with potatoes, roots
Inulin (In asparagus, chicory root, yacon - prebiotic,
increasing bodys absorption of calcium)
Form large colonies, poor companion plant
Dwarf sunray - grows to 6
Thin to keep vigorous
Dandelion - Taraxacum
officinale

Bitter, cooling properties, diuretic &

laxative, stimulates liver & bile
production
Aids digestion, urinary & skin.
Pioneer species, dynamic accumulator, early
pollen source, hardy, self sowing, disturbed
areas.
Flowers, Root, Leaves edible and medicinal
Hardy Kale - Brassica oleracea
acephala
Kale leaves sweetest in the fall, touched by a light frost.
Kale will produce new leaves all winter in zones 7 to 10.
Cold protection extends season: thick mulch, row cover,
or plastic tunnels.
Sources of Calcium, Vitamin K, the B vitamin folic acid, and beta
carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the liver. D
July - sow seeds in flats for late July transplanting to field or garden
Napus types were faster-growing and more robust than the Scotch
Curled types, which grew more slowly and deliberately.
White Russian only sustained moderate damage; the Winterbor
and especially the Vates held their own.
Western Front or Red Russian - mild, creamy, and nutty.
Thank you!
Keri Evjy
www.healingrootsdesign.com
facebook: Healing Roots Design
[email protected]
Consultation, Design, Education,
Collaboration
828.450.1836