EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 10002-5

NORME EUROPENNE
October 1991
EUROPISCHE NORM

UDC 669:620.172.251.2

Descriptors: Metal products, mechanical tests, tension tests, high temperature tests, definitions, designation, test specimen, testing
conditions, elongation at break, elastic limit

English version

Metallic materials Tensile testing

Part 5: Method of testing at elevated temperature

Matriaux mtalliques Essai de traction Metallische Werkstoffe Zugversuch

Partie 5: Mthode dessai temprature leve Teil 5: Prfverfahren bei erhhter Temperatur

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 1991. CEN

members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

CEN 1991 Copyright reserved to all CEN members

Ref. No. EN 10002-5:1991 E
EN 10002-5:1991

Foreword Contents
This European Standard was prepared by the Page
Technical Committee ECISS/TC1A Mechanical Foreword 2
and physical tests, the Secretariat of which has
Introduction 5
been allocated to the Association Franais de
Normalisation (AFNOR). 1 Scope 5
It represents the fifth part of the general standard: 2 Normative references 5
Metallic materials Tensile testing. 3 Principle 5
This European Standard replaces the EURONORM: 4 Definitions 5
EU 2270 Determination or verification of the yield 4.1 Gauge length (L) 5
point of steel at elevated temperatures. 4.2 Parallel length (Lc) 5
This European Standard EN 10002-5 was approved 4.3 Elongation 5
by CEN on 1991-08-05.
4.4 Percentage elongation 5
According to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules,
4.5 Extensometer gauge length 6
being part of the Internal Regulations of CEN, the
following countries are bound to implement this 4.6 Extension 6
European Standard: 4.7 Percentage reduction of area (Z) 6
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, 4.8 Maximum force (Fm) 6
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, 4.9 Stress 6
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom. 5 Symbols and designations 7
6 Test pieces 7
6.1 Shape and dimensions 7
6.2 Types 7
6.3 Preparation of test pieces 7
7 Determination of original
cross-sectional area (So) 7
8 Marking the original gauge length (Lo) 9
9 Testing apparatus 9
9.1 Testing machine 9
9.2 Extensometer 9
9.3 Heating device 9
10 Conditions of testing 10
10.1 Heating of the test piece 10
10.2 Loading of the test peice 10
10.3 Rate of the loading 10
10.4 Method of gripping 10
11 Determination of percentage
elongation after fracture (A) 10
12 Determination of proof strength
(non-proportional extension (Rp) 11
13 Determination of proof strength
(total extension) (Rt) 11
14 Method of verification of permanent
set strength (Rr) 12
15 Test report 12

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 EN 10002-5:1991

Page Page
Annex A (Normative annex)Types of test Table 1 Symbols and designations 8
piece to be used for thin products: sheets, Table 2 Product types 9
strips and flats between 0.1 mm and 3 mm 20
Table A1 Dimensions of test pieces 20
Annex B (Normative annex)Types of test
Table A2 Tolerances on the width of
piece to be used in the case of wire, bars
the test piece 20
and sections with a diameter or thickness
of less than 4 mm 21 Table C1 Circular cross-section test pieces 22
Annex C (Normative annex)Types of test Table C2 Tolerances relating to the
piece to be used in the case of sheets and transverse dimensions of test pieces 22
flats of thickness equal to or greater than 3 mm, Table F1 National standards
and wire, bars and sections of diameter or corresponding to Euronorm 18 26
thickness equal to or greater than 4 mm 21
Annex D (Normative annex)Types of test
piece to be used in the case of tubes 23
Annex E (Normative annex)Measurement of
percentage elongation after fracture, based
on sub-division of the original gauge length 24
Annex F (Informative annex)List of national
standards corresponding to reference
Euronorm 18 25
Annex G (Informative annex) Bibliography 25
Figure 1 Definitions of elongation 12
Figure 2 Definitions of upper and
lower yield strength for different
types of curve 13
Figure 3 Proof strength, non-proportional
extension (Rp) 14
Figure 4 Proof strength, total
extension (Rt) 14
Figure 5 Permanent set strength (Rr) 15
Figure 6 Proof strength, non-proportional
extension (Rp) 15
Figure 7 Lower yield strength (ReL) 16
Figure 8 Maximum force (Fm) 16
Figure 9 Machined test pieces of
rectangular cross section (see Annex A) 17
Figure 10 Test pieces comprising a
non-machined portion of the product
(see Annex B) 17
Figure 11 Proportional test pieces
(see Annex C) 18
Figure 12 Test pieces comprising a
length of tube (see Annex D) 18
Figure 13 Test piece cut from a tube
(see Annex D) 19
Figure E1 Example of elongation
measurement after fracture 25

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 EN 10002-5:1991

Introduction 3 Principle
The Standard EN 10002 will comprise the following The test involves straining a test piece by tensile
parts: force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of
Part 1: Metallic materials; Tensile test; Method determining one or more of the mechanical
of test (at ambient temperature); properties defined in clause 4.
Part 2: Metallic materials; tensile test; The test is carried out at the specified temperature.
Verification of the force measuring system of the
tensile testing machine; 4 Definitions
Part 3: Metallic materials; Tensile test; For the purposes of this European Standard, the
Calibration of proving devices used for the following definitions apply.
verification of uniaxial testing machines; 4.1 gauge length (L)
Part 4: Metallic materials; Tensile test; Length of the cylindrical or prismatic portion of the
Verification of extensometers used in uniaxial test piece on which elongation is measured at any
testing; moment during the test. In particular, a distinction
Part 5: Metallic materials; Tensile test; Method is made between:
of test at elevated temperatures.
4.1.1
original gauge length (Lo)
1 Scope
gauge length before heating of the test piece and
This European Standard specifies the method for before application of force
tensile testing of metallic materials and defines the
mechanical properties which can be determined 4.1.2
thereby at elevated temperature. final gauge length (Lu)
For certain particular metallic materials and gauge length after rupture of the test piece
applications, the tensile test may be the subject of (see 11.1). This length shall be measured at ambient
specific standards or particular requirements. It temperature
should be noted that tests carried out at the same 4.2
temperature in accordance with the tensile testing parallel length (L c)
method at ambient temperature (EN 10002/1) and
length of the reduced section parallel portion of the
this standard should give different results by reason
test piece
of different testing conditions, for example the
NOTE The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept
loading rate (see Annex G). of distance between grips for non-machined test pieces.
A harmonising of the two tests operating conditions 4.3
should be envisaged on the occasion of the next elongation
revision of the corresponding standards.
increase in the original gauge length (Lo) at the end
2 Normative references of the test
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing 4.4 percentage elongation
Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature. Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original
EN 10002-2, Tensile testing Verification on the gauge length (Lo).
load cell of tensile testing machine. 4.4.1
ISO 2566-1, Steel Conversion of elongation percentage permanent elongation
values Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels. increase in the original gauge length of a test piece
ISO 2566-2, Steel Conversion of elongation after removal of a specified stress (see 4.9),
values Part 2: Austenitic steels. expressed as a percentage of the original gauge
EN 10002-41), Metallic materials Verification of length (Lo)
extensometers used in uniaxial testing.
EU 18-19792), Selection and preparation of samples
and test pieces for steel and iron and steel products.

1) Inpreparation.
2) Untilthis Euronorm is transformed into European Standards, it can either be used or reference made to the corresponding
national standards, a list of which is given in Annex F of this European Standard.

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EN 10002-5:1991

4.4.2 4.8
percentage elongation after fracture (A) maximum force (Fm)
permanent elongation of the gauge length after the greatest force which the test piece withstands
fracture (Lu Lo) expressed as a percentage of the during the test once the yield point has been passed
original length (Lo) 4.9 stress
NOTE In the case of proportional test pieces, only if the original
gauge length is other than 5,65 S O ,3) where So is the original Force at any moment during the test divided by the
cross-sectional area of the parallel length, the symbol A shall be original cross-sectional area (So) of the test piece.
supplemented by an index indicating the coefficient of
proportionality used, for example: 4.9.1
A11,3 = percentage elongation on a gauge length (Lo) tensile strength (Rm)
of 11,3 S
O
In the case of non-proportional test pieces, the symbol A shall be
stress corresponding to the maximum force (Fm)
supplemented by an index indicating the original gauge length 4.9.2 yield strength
used, expressed in millimetres, for example:
A80 mm = percentage elongation on a gauge length (Lo) When the metallic material exhibits a yield
of 80 mm. phenomenon, a point is reached during the test at
4.4.3 which plastic deformation occurs without any
percentage total elongation at fracture (At) increase in the force. A distinction is made between:
total elongation (elastic elongation plus plastic 4.9.2.1
elongation) of the gauge length at the moment of upper yield strength (ReH)
fracture expressed as a percentage of the original value of stress at the moment when the first
gauge length (L o) decrease in force is observed (see Figure 2)
4.5 4.9.2.2
extensometer gauge length (Le) lower yield strength (ReL)
length of the parallel portion of the test piece used lowest value of stress during plastic yielding,
for the measurement of extension by means of an ignoring any transient effects (see Figure 2)
extensometer (this length may differ from Lo and
4.9.3
shall be of any value greater than b, d or D
proof strength, non-proportional
(see Table 1) but less than the parallel length (Lc)
extension (Rp)
4.6 extension
stress at which a non-proportional extension is
Increase in the extensometer gauge length (Le) at a equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer
given moment of the test. gauge length (Le) (see Figure 3). The symbol used is
4.6.1 followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage
percentage permanent extension of the extensometer gauge length, for example Rp0,2
increase in the extensometer gauge length after 4.9.4
removal from the test piece of a specified stress, proof strength, total extension (Rt)
expressed as a percentage of the extensometer stress at which total extension (elastic extension
gauge length (L e) plus plastic extension) is equal to the specified
4.6.2 percentage of the extensometer gauge length (Le)
percentage yield point extension (Ae) (see Figure 4). The symbol used is followed by a
suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the
extension between the start of yielding giving
original gauge length for example: Rt0,5
localized deformation and the commencement of
homogeneous deformation giving smooth work 4.9.5
hardening. It is expressed as a percentage of the permanent set strength (Rr)
extensometer gauge length (Le) stress at which, after removal of force, a specified
4.7 permanent elongation or extension expressed
percentage reduction of area (Z) respectively as a percentage of the original gauge
length (Lo) or extensometer gauge length (Le) has
maximum change in cross-sectional area which has
not been exceeded (see Figure 5). The symbol used is
occurred during the test (So Su) expressed as a
followed by a suffix giving the specified percentage
percentage of the original cross-sectional area (So)
of the original gauge length or of the extensometer
gauge length (Le), for example: Rr0,2

3) 5,65 4S O
S O = 5 ---------
-

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 EN 10002-5:1991

5 Symbols and designations 6.1.3 Non-machined test pieces

Symbol and corresponding designations are given in If the test piece consists of an unmachined length of
Table 1. the product or of an unmachined test bar, the free
length between the grips shall be sufficient for
6 Test pieces gauge marks to be at a reasonable distance from
these grips.
6.1 Shape and dimensions
As-cast test pieces shall incorporate a transition
6.1.1 General radius between the gripped ends and the parallel
The shape and dimensions of the test pieces depend length. The dimensions of this transition radius are
on the shape and dimensions of the metallic important and it is recommended that they be
products the mechanical properties of which are to defined in the product standard. The gripped ends
be determined. may be of any shape to suit the grips of the testing
The test piece is usually obtained by machining a machine. The parallel length (Lc) shall always be
sample from the product or a pressed blank or greater than the original gauge length (Lo).
casting. However products of constant cross-section 6.2 Types
(sections, bars, wires, etc.) and also as cast test The main types of test pieces are defined in Annex A
pieces (i.e. cast irons and non-ferrous alloys) may be to Annex D according to the shape and type of
subjected to test without being machined. product, as shown in Table 2. Other types of test
The cross-section of the test pieces may be circular, piece can be specified in product standards or by
square, rectangular, annular or, in special cases, of agreement.
some other shape.
6.3 Preparation of test pieces
Test pieces, the original gauge length of which is
The test pieces shall be taken and prepared in
related to the original cross-sectional area by the
accordance with the requirements of the European
equation Lo = k S O are called proportional test
Standards for the different materials (EU 18, etc.).
pieces. The internationally adopted value for k
is 5,65. The original gauge length shall be not less
than 20 mm. When the cross-sectional area of the
7 Determination of original
test piece is too small for this requirement to be met cross-sectional area (So)
with the coefficient k value of 5,65, a higher value The original cross-sectional area shall be calculated
(preferably 11,3) or a non-proportional test piece from the measurements of the appropriate
may be used. dimensions. The accuracy of this calculation
In the case of non-proportional test pieces, the depends on the nature and type of the test piece. It
original gauge length (Lo) is taken independently of is indicated in Annex A to Annex D for the different
the original cross-sectional area (So). types of test pieces.
The dimensional tolerances of the test pieces shall
be in accordance with the appropriate annexes
(see 6.2).
6.1.2 Machined test pieces
Machined test pieces shall incorporate a transition
curve between the gripped ends and the parallel
length if these have different dimensions. The
dimensions of this transition radius can be
important and it is recommended that they be
defined in the material specification if they are not
given in the appropriate annex (see 6.2).
The gripped ends may be of any shape to suit the
grips of the testing machine.
The parallel length (Lc) or, in the case where the test
piece has no transition curve, the free length
between the grips, shall always be greater than the
original gauge length (Lo).

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EN 10002-5:1991

Table 1 Symbols and designations

Reference Symbol Unit Designation
numbera
Test piece
1 a mm Thickness of a flat test piece or wall thickness of a tube
2 b mm Width of the parallel length of a flat test piece or average width of the
longitudinal strip taken from a tube or width of flat wire
3 d mm Diameter of the parallel length of a circular test piece, or diameter of
round wire or internal diameter of a tube
4 D mm External diameter of a tube
5 Lo mm Original gauge length
6 Lc mm Parallel length
Le mm Extensometer gauge length
7 Lt mm Total length of test piece
8 Lu mm Final gauge length after fracture
9 So mm2 Original cross-sectional area of the parallel length
10 Su mm2 Minimum cross-sectional area after fracture
11 Z % Percentage reduction of area:
S o S u
--------------------- 100
So

12 Gripped ends
Elongation
13 mm Elongation after fracture:
Lu Lo
L u L o
14 Ab % Percentage elongation after fracture: -------------------- 100
Lo
15 Ae % Percentage yield point extension
16 At % Percentage total elongation at fracture
17 % Specified percentage non-proportional extension
18 % Percentage total extension.
19 % Specified percentage permanent set extension or elongation
Force
20 Fm N Maximum force
Yield strength Proof strength Tensile strength
21 ReH N/mm2 c Upper yield strength
22 ReL N/mm2 Lower yield strength
23 Rm N/mm2 Tensile strength
24 Rp N/mm2 Proof strength, non-proportional extension
25 Rr N/mm2 Permanent set strength
26 Rt N/mm2 Proof strength, total extension
a See Figure 1 to Figure 13.
b See 4.4.2.
c 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.

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 EN 10002-5:1991

Table 2 Product types

Type of product
Sheets flats Wire bars sections
Corresponding
annexes

with a thickness in millimetres of with a diameter or side in millimetres of

0.1 thickness < 3 A

<4 B
3 4 C
Tubes

8 Marking the original gauge The extensometer gauge length shall not be less
length (Lo) than 10 mm and shall be centrally located in the
mid-region of the parallel gauge length. The
Each end of the original gauge length shall be extensometer should be preferably of the type that
marked by means of fine marks, scribed lines, or is capable of measuring extension on both sides of a
fine collars but not by notches which could result in test piece and allowing the two readings to be
premature fracture. averaged.
For proportional test pieces, the calculated value of NOTE Any parts of the extensometer projecting beyond the
the original gauge length may be rounded off to the furnace should be designed or protected from draughts so that
nearest multiple of 5 mm, provided that the fluctuations in the ambient temperature have only a minimal
effect on the readings. It is advisable to maintain reasonable
difference between the calculated and marked stability of the temperature and velocity of the air surrounding
gauge length is less than 10 % of Lo. The original the testing machine.
gauge length shall be marked to an accuracy 9.3 Heating device
of o 1 %.
9.3.1 Permitted deviations of temperature
If the parallel length (Lc) is much in excess of the
original gauge length, as, for instance, with The heating device for the test piece shall be such
unmachined test pieces, a series of overlapping that the test piece can be heated to the specified
gauge lengths shall be drawn; some of these lengths temperature, F.
may extend up to the grips. The permitted deviations between the specified
In some cases, it may be helpful to draw, on the temperature, F, and the indicated temperatures, Fi,
surface of the test piece, a line parallel to the are the following:
longitudinal axis, along which the marks are drawn. o 3 C for F 600 C

9 Testing apparatus o 4 C for 600 C < F 800 C

9.1 Testing machine o 5 C for 800 C < F 1 000 C
The testing machine shall be verified in accordance
For specified temperatures higher than 1 000 C,
with EN 10002-2 and shall be of grade 1 or better.
the permitted deviations shall be defined by a
9.2 Extensometer previous agreement between the parties concerned.
The extensometer used for measurement of the The indicated temperatures, Fi, are the
elongation shall be of class 1 (EN 10002-44)) for the temperatures which are measured at the surface of
determination of upper and lower yield strengths the parallel length of the test piece.
and for proof strength (non-proportional extension); The permitted deviations in temperature shall be
for other characteristics (with higher extension) a complied with on the original gauge length, Lo, and
class 2 extensometer EN 10002-4 may be used. at least until the point corresponding to the proof
stress of non-proportional elongation is reached.

4) In preparation.

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EN 10002-5:1991

9.3.2 Measurement of temperature 10.3.2 Determination of yield and proof

Temperature-measuring equipment shall have a strengths [upper and lower yield stresses, proof
resolution of at least 1 C and an accuracy of o 2 C. stress (non-proportional extension)]
NOTE Three thermocouples, which are arranged at identical The straining rate of the parallel length of the test
intervals along the parallel length of the test piece, are generally piece, from the beginning of the test to the yield
sufficient to guarantee uniformity of the temperature of the test stress to be determined, shall be between 0,001
piece. This number may be reduced if the general arrangement of
the furnace and the test piece is such that, from experience, it is
and 0,005 min 1.
known that the variation in temperature of the test piece does not NOTE In the case of machines unable to achieve the straining
exceed the permitted deviations specified in 9.3.1. Thermocouple rate, the rate of stressing should be set so that the requirement
junctions should make thermal contact with the surface of the that the straining rate be smaller than 0,003 min 1 be complied
test piece and be suitably screened from direct radiation from the with over the elastic range. In no case should the rate of stressing
furnace wall. in the elastic range exceed 300 N/(mm2min).
9.3.3 Verification of the 10.3.3 Determination of the tensile strength
temperature-measuring system If only the tensile strength is to be determined, the
The temperature-measuring system, comprising straining rate of the test piece shall be between 0,02
sensors and read-out equipment, shall be verified and 0,20 min 1.
over the working temperature range at intervals not If a yield stress is also determined on the same
exceeding one year; the errors shall be recorded in piece, the change of the stressing rate required
the verification report. Verification of the in 10.3.2 to the rate defined in the paragraph above
temperature-measuring system shall be carried out shall be monotonic.
by a method traceable to the international unit
(SI unit) of temperature. 10.4 Method of gripping
The test pieces shall be held by suitable means such
10 Conditions of testing as wedges, screwed holders, shouldered holders,
hydraulic jacks, etc.
10.1 Heating of the test piece
Every endeavour shall be made to ensure that test
The test piece shall be heated to the specified
pieces are held in such a way that the force is
temperature, F, and shall be maintained at that
applied as axially as possible. This is of particular
temperature for at least 10 min before loading. The
importance when testing brittle materials or when
loading shall only be started after the indications of
determining proof strength (non-proportional
the elongation-measuring apparatus have been
extension) or proof strength (total extension) or
stabilized. yield strength.
During the heating, the temperature of the test
piece shall not, at any moment, exceed the specified 11 Determination of percentage
temperature with its tolerances, except by special elongation after fracture (A)
agreement between the parties concerned.
11.1 Percentage elongation after fracture shall be
When the test piece has reached the specified
determined in accordance with the definition given
temperature, the extensometer shall be reset to
in 4.4.2.
zero.
For this purpose, the two broken pieces of the test
10.2 Loading of the test piece piece are carefully fitted back together so that their
Force shall be applied so as to strain the test piece axes lie in a straight line.
in a non-decreasing manner, without shock or Special precautions shall be taken to ensure proper
sudden vibration. The force shall be applied along contact between the broken parts of the test piece
the specimen axis so as to produce minimum when measuring the final gauge length. This is
bending or torsion in the specimen gauge length5). particularly important in the case of test pieces of
10.3 Rate of the loading small cross-section and test pieces having low
10.3.1 General elongation values.

Unless otherwise specified in the product standard,

the rate of the machine shall comply with the
following requirements depending on the nature of
the material.

5) Examplesof methods for verifying alignment can be found in ASTM E 1012. Standard practice for verification and specimen
alignment under tensile loading.

10 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

Elongation after fracture (Lu L o) shall be 12 Determination of proof strength

determined to the nearest 0,25 mm with a (non-proportional extension) (Rp)
measuring device with 0,1 mm resolution and the
value of percentage elongation after fracture shall 12.1 The proof strength (non-proportional
be rounded to the nearest 0,5 %. If the specified extension) is determined from the force/extension
minimum percentage elongation is less than 5 %, it diagram by drawing a line parallel to the straight
is recommended that special precautions are taken portion of the curve and at a distance from this
when determining elongation. equivalent to the prescribed non-proportional
percentage, for example 0,2 %. The point at which
This measurement is, in principle, valid only if the
this line intersects the curve gives the force
distance between the fracture and the nearest gauge corresponding to the desired proof strength
mark is not less than one third of the original gauge (non-proportional extension). The latter is obtained
length (Lo). However, the measurement is valid,
by dividing this force by the original cross-sectional
irrespective of the position of the fracture, if the
area of the test piece (So) (see Figure 3).
percentage elongation after fracture reaches at least
the specified value and this shall be stated in the Accuracy in drawing the force/extension diagram is
test report. essential.
11.2 For machines capable of measuring extension If the straight portion of the force/extension
at fracture using an extensometer, it is not diagram is not clearly defined, thereby preventing
necessary to mark the gauge lengths. The drawing the parallel line with sufficient precision,
elongation is measured as the total extension at the following procedure is recommended
fracture, and it is therefore necessary to deduct the (see Figure 6).
elastic extension in order to obtain percentage When the presumed proof strength has been
elongation after fracture. exceeded, the force is reduced to a value equal to
In principle, this measurement is only valid if above 10 % of the force obtained. The force is then
fracture occurs within the extensometer gauge increased again until it exceeds the value obtained
length (Le). The measurement is valid regardless of originally. To determine the desired proof strength
the position of the fracture cross-section if the a line is drawn through the hysteresis loop. A line is
percentage elongation after fracture at least reaches then drawn parallel to this line, at a distance from
the specified value and this shall be stated in the the origin of the curve, measured along the abscissa,
test report. equal to the prescribed non-proportional
percentage. The intersection of this parallel line and
NOTE If the product standard specifies the determination of
percentage elongation after rupture for a given length, the the force/extension curve gives the force
extensometer gauge length shall be taken as equal to this length. corresponding to the proof strength. The latter is
11.3 If so permitted by the product standard, obtained by dividing this force by the original
elongation may be measured over a given fixed cross-sectional area of the test piece (So).
length and converted to proportional gauge length (See Figure 6.)
using conversion formulae or tables as agreed before 12.2 The property may be obtained without plotting
the commencement of testing (for example as in the force/extension curve by using automatic devices
ISO 2566-1 and ISO 2566-2). (microprocessor, etc.).
NOTE Comparisons of percentage elongation are possible only
when the gauge length or extensometer gauge length, the shape 13 Determination of proof
and area of the cross-section are the same or when the coefficient
of proportionality (k) is the same. strength(total extension) (Rt)
11.4 In order to avoid having to reject test pieces in 13.1 The proof strength (total extension) is
which fracture may occur outside the limits determined on the force/extension diagram by
specified in 11.1, the method based on the drawing a line parallel to the ordinate axis
sub-division of Lo into N equal parts may be used, as (force axis) and at a distance from this equivalent to
described in Annex E. the prescribed total percentage extension. The point
at which this line intersects the curve gives the force
corresponding to the desired proof strength. The
latter is obtained by dividing this force by the
original cross-sectional area of the test piece (So)
(see Figure 4).
13.2 The property may be obtained without plotting
the force/extension diagram by using automatic
devices.

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EN 10002-5:1991

14 Method of verification of 15 Test report

permanent set strength (Rr) The test report shall contain at least the following
The test piece is subjected to a force for 10 to 12 s information:
unless otherwise specified in the product standard, reference to this standard, i.e. EN 10002-5
corresponding to the specified stress and it is then identification of the test piece
confirmed, after removing the force, that the
permanent set extension or elongation is not more nature of the material, if known
than the percentage specified for the original gauge type of test piece and its size
length. location and direction of sampling of test pieces
the specified temperature of the test and the
indicated temperatures, if outside the permitted
limits
characteristics measured and results.

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 1 Definitions of elongation

12 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 2 Definitions of upper and lower yield strength for different types of curve

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EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 3 Proof strength, non-proportional extension (Rp)

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 4 Proof strength, total extension (Rt)

14 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 5 Permanent set strength (Rr)

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 6 Proof strength, non-proportional extension (Rp) (see 12.1)

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EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 7 Lower yield strength (ReL)

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 8 Maximum force (Fm)

16 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE 1 See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 9 Machined test pieces of rectangular cross section (see Annex A)

NOTE 1 The shape of the test piece head is given only as a guide.
NOTE 2 See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.
Figure 10 Test pieces comprising a non-machined portion of the product (see Annex B)

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EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE 1 The shape of the test piece heads is given only as a guide.
NOTE 2 See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.
Figure 11 Proportional test pieces (see Annex C)

NOTE See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.

Figure 12 Test pieces comprising a length of tube (see Annex D)

18 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE 1 The shape of the test piece heads is given only

as a guide.
NOTE 2 See Table 1 for explanation of reference numbers.
Figure 13 Test piece cut from a tube
(see Annex D)

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EN 10002-5:1991

Annex A (Normative annex) Table A2 Tolerances on the width of the

Types of test piece to be used for thin test piece
products: sheets, strips and flats Dimensions and tolerances in millimetres
between 0,1 mm and 3 mm thick Nominal width of the Machining Tolerance on
test piece tolerancea shape
For products of less than 0,5 mm thickness, special
12,5 o 0,09 0,04
precautions may be necessary.
A.1 Shape of the test piece 20 o 0,10 0,05
Generally, the test piece has gripped ends which are a These tolerances are applicable if the nominal value of the

wider than the parallel length. The parallel length original cross-sectional area (So) is to be included in the
calculation without having to measure it.
(Lc) shall be connected to the ends by means of
transition curves with a radius of at least 12 mm A.2.2 Proportional test pieces For test pieces of
(see Figure 9). The width of these ends shall be shape as defined in A.2.1 it is possible to take the
at least 20 mm and not more than 40 mm. original gauge length (Lo) as proportional to the
The test piece may also consist of a strip with original cross-sectional area (So) using one of the
parallel sides. For products of width equal to or less relations
than 20 mm, the width of the test piece may be the
same as that of the product. Lo = 5,65 S O or
A.2 Dimensions of the test piece Lo = 11,3 S O
A.2.1 Non-proportional test piece
The parallel length shall be not less than Lo + b/2. A.3 Preparation of test pieces
In case of dispute, the length Lo + 2b shall always be The test pieces shall be prepared so as not to affect
used unless there is insufficient material. the properties of the metal. Any areas which have
In the case of parallel-sided test pieces less been hardened by shearing or pressing shall be
than 20 mm wide, and unless otherwise specified in removed by machining.
the product standard, the original gauge length (Lo) For very thin materials, it is recommended that
shall be equal to 50 mm. For this type of test piece, strips of identical widths should be cut and
the free length between the grips shall be equal assembled into a bundle with intermediate layers of
to Lo + 3b. a paper which is resistant to the cutting oil. It is
There are two types of non-proportional test pieces, recommended that each small bundle of strips be
with dimensions as given in Table A1. assembled with a thicker strip on each side, before
When measuring the dimensions of each test piece, machining to the final dimensions of the test piece.
the tolerances on shape given in Table A2 shall A.4 Determination of the original
apply. cross-sectional area (So)
In the case of test pieces where the width is the The original cross-sectional area shall be calculated
same as that of the product, the original from measurements of the dimensions of the test
cross-sectional area (So) may be calculated on the piece.
basis of the measured dimensions of the test piece. The error in determining the original cross-sectional
The nominal width of the test piece may be adopted, area shall not exceed o 2 %. As the greatest part of
provided that the machining tolerances and this error normally results from the measurement of
tolerances on shape given in Table A2 have been the thickness of the test piece, the error in
complied with, to avoid measuring the width of the measurement of the width shall not exceed o 0,2 %.
test piece at the time of the test.
Table A1 Dimensions of test pieces
Dimensions in millimetres
Test piece type Width b Original gauge length Lo Parallel length Lc Minimum free length between the grips
for parallel side test piece
1 12,5 o 1 50 75 87,5
2 20 o 1 80 120 140

20 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

Annex B (Normative annex) Annex C (Normative annex)

Types of test piece to be used in the Types of test piece to be used in the
case of wire, bars and sections with a case of sheets and flats of thickness
dimaeter or thickness of less equal to or greater than 3 mm, and
than 4 mm wire, bars and sections of diameter or
thickness equal to or greater
B. 1 Shape of the test piece than 4 mm
The test piece generally consists of an unmachined
portion of the product (see Figure 10). C.1 Shape of the test piece
B.2 Dimensions of the test piece In general, the test piece is machined and the
The original gauge length (Lo) shall be taken parallel length shall be connected by means of
as 200 o 2 mm or 100 o 1 mm or as 11,3 S O 6) in transition radii to the gripped ends which may be of
the case of products of diameter equal to or greater any suitable shape for the grips of the test machine
than 1 mm. The distance between the grips of the (see Figure 11).
machine shall be equal to at least Lo + 50 mm, The transition radius shall be at least:
except in the case of small diameter wires where 2 mm for cylindrical test pieces
this distance can be taken as equal to Lo.
12 mm for test pieces of rectangular
NOTE In cases where the percentage elongation after fracture
is not to be determined, a distance between the grips of
cross-section.
at least 50 mm may be used. NOTE For certain materials, these values may be too low and
likely to result in fracture of the test piece in the area of the
B.3 Preparation of test pieces transition.
If the product is delivered coiled, care shall be taken Sections, bars, etc. may be tested unmachined if
in straightening it. required.
B.4 Determination of the original The cross-section of the test piece may be circular,
cross-sectional area (So) square, rectangular or, in special cases, of another
The original cross-sectional area (S o) shall be shape.
determined to an accuracy of o 1 %. For test pieces with a rectangular cross-section, it is
For products of circular cross-section, the original recommended not to exceed a ratio of 8 : 1 between
cross-sectional area may be calculated from the the width and thickness of the test piece.
arithmetic mean of two measurements carried out In general, the diameter of the parallel length of
in two perpendicular directions. machined cylindrical test pieces shall be not less
The original cross-sectional area may be determined than 4 mm.
from the mass of a known length and its density. C.2 Dimensions of the test piece
C.2.1 Parallel length of machined test piece
The parallel length (Lc) shall be at least equal to
a) Lo + d/2 in the case of test pieces with circular
cross-section;
b) Lo + 1,5 S O in the case of prismatic test
pieces.
Depending on the type of test piece, the length
Lo + 2d or Lo + S O shall be used in cases of
dispute, unless there is insufficient material.
C.2.2 Length of unmachined test piece
The free length between the grips of the machine
shall be adequate for the gauge marks to be a
reasonable distance from these grips.

6) The requirement from clause 6.1.1 is not applicable in this case.

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EN 10002-5:1991

C.2.3 Original gauge length (L o) where k is equal to 5,65, which gives L o = 5d in the
C.2.3.1 Proportional test piece case of test pieces of circular cross-section.
As a general rule, proportional test pieces are used Test pieces of circular cross-section shall preferably
where the original gauge length (Lo) is related to the have the dimensions given in Table C1.
original cross-sectional area (So) by the equation C.2.3.2 Non-proportional test pieces
Lo = k S O Non-proportional test pieces may be used if
specified by the product standard.
Table C1 Circular cross-section test pieces
Diameter Original cross- Original gauge Minimum parallel Total length
sectional area length length
k d So = Lo = SO Lc Lt

mm mm mm mm
20 o 0,150 314,2 100 o 1,0 110 Depends on the method
5,65 10 o 0,075 78,5 50 o 0,5 55 of fixing the test piece
5 o 0,040 19,6 25 o 0,25 28 in the machine grips
In principle: Lt > Lc + 2d
Table C2 Tolerances relating to the transverse dimensions of test pieces
Dimensions and tolerances in millimetres
Designation Nominal transverse Machining tolerance on the Tolerance on
dimension nominal dimensiona shapeb
3 o 0,06 0,03
6
>6 o 0,075 0,04
Diameter of machined test pieces of 10
circular cross-section
> 10
18 o 0,09 0,04
> 18
30 o 0,106 0,06
Transverse dimensions of test pieces of Same tolerances as for the diameter of
rectangular cross-section machined on all test pieces of circular cross-section
four sides
3 0,18
6
>6 0,22
10
Transverse dimensions of test pieces of > 10 0,27
rectangular cross-section machined on
only two opposite sides
18
> 18 0,33
30
> 30
50 0,39
a These tolerances are applicable if the nominal value of the original cross-sectional area (So) is to be included in the calculation
without having to measure it.
b Maximum deviation between the measurements of a specified transverse dimension along the entire parallel length (L ) of the
c
test piece.

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 EN 10002-5:1991

C.3 Preparation of test pieces Machined transverse, longitudinal and circular

The tolerances on the transverse dimensions of cross-section test pieces are described in Annex A
machined test pieces are given in Table C2. for tube wall thickness less than 3 mm and in
Annex C for thickness equal to or greater
An example of the application of these tolerances is
than 3 mm. The longitudinal strip is generally
given below:
only used for tubes with a wall thickness of more
a) Machining tolerances than 0,5 mm.
If the nominal value of the original For tests carried out on strip taken from welded
cross-sectional area (So) is to be included in the tubes, unless otherwise specified in the product
calculation without having to measure it the standard, the strip shall be cut at a position away
value given in Table C2, for example o 0,075 mm from the weld bead.
for a nominal diameter of 10 mm, means that no D.2 Dimensions of the test piece
test piece shall have a diameter outside the two D.2.1 Length of tube
values given below
In order to be gripped at both ends, the length of
10 + 0,075 = 10,075 mm tube may be:
10 0,075 = 9,925 mm a) fitted with plugs of appropriate diameter
b) Tolerances on shape b) or fitted with two flat pieces approximately
The value given in Table C2 means that, for a adapted to its diameter, then compressed
test piece with a nominal diameter of 10 mm c) or flattened.
which satisfies the machining conditions given
above, the deviation between the smallest and Options b) and c) can only be applied to tubes of
largest diameters measured shall not diameter 25 mm or less. In cases of dispute, only
exceed 0,04 mm. option a) shall be used.
Consequently, if the minimum diameter of this Plugs or flat seals shall have a width at least equal
test piece is 9,99 mm, its maximum diameter to that of the grips and may project beyond the grips
shall not exceed for a maximum length equal to the external
diameter of the tube. Within this area, the shape of
9,99 + 0,04 = 10,03 mm the plugs or seals shall have no effect on the
C.4 Determination of the cross-sectional deformation of the gauge length.
area (So) The free length between a plug or flat seal and the
The nominal diameter can be used to calculate the closest gauge mark shall be greater than D/4. In
original cross-sectional area of test pieces of circular cases of dispute this length shall be the subject of an
cross-section which satisfy the tolerances given in agreement between the parties.
Table C2. For all other shapes of test pieces, the D.2.2 Longitudinal or transverse strip
original cross-sectional area shall be calculated
from measurements of the appropriate dinensions, The parallel length (Lc) of longitudinal strips shall
with an error not exceeding o 0,5 % on each not be flattened but the gripped ends may be
dimension. flattened for gripping in the testing machine.
Transverse or longitudinal test piece dimensions
Annex D (Normative annex) other than those given in Annex A and Annex C can
Types of test piece to be used in the be specified in the product standard.
case of tubes Special precautions shall be taken when
straightening the transverse test pieces.
D.1 Shape of the test piece D.2.3 Machined circular cross-section of tube
The test piece consists either of a length of tube or a wall
longitudinal or transverse strip cut from the tube The sampling of the test pieces may be specified in
and having the full thickness of the wall of the tube the product standard.
(see Figure 12 and Figure 13), or of a test piece of
circular cross-section machined from the wall of the D.3 Determination of the original
tube. cross-section area (So)
The original cross-sectional area of the test piece
shall be determined to the nearest o 1 %.

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EN 10002-5:1991

The original cross-sectional area of the length of If n is the number of intervals between X and Y, the
tube or longitudinal or transverse strip may be elongation after fracture is determined as follows:
determined from the mass of the test piece, the 1) If N n is an even number [see Figure E1 a)],
length of which has been measured, and from its measure the distance between X and Y and the
density. distance from Y to the graduation mark Z located
The original cross-sectional area (So) of a test piece at
consisting of a longitudinal or transverse strip shall Nn
be calculated according to the following equation: ---------------
2
intervals beyond Y;
calculate the percentage elongation after
fracture using the equation
XY + 2YZ L O
- 100
A = -------------------------------------------
LO
where
a is the thickness of the tube wall; 2) If N n is an odd number [Figure E1 b)],
measure the distance between X and Y and the
b is the average width of the strips;
distance from Y to the graduation marks Z and
D is the external diameter. Z located respectively at
The following simplified equations can be used for Nn 1 Nn+1
------------------------- and --------------------------
longitudinal or transverse test pieces: 2 2
intervals beyond Y;
calculate the percentage elongation after
fracture using the equation
XY + YZ + YZ L O
- 100
A = -----------------------------------------------------------
In the case of a length of tube, the original LO
cross-sectional area (So) shall be calculated as
follows:
So = a(D a)

Annex E (Normative annex)

Measurement of percentage
elongation after fracture, based on
sub-division of the original gauge
length
To avoid having to reject test pieces where the
position of the fracture does not comply with the
conditions of 11.1, the following method may be
used, by agreement:
a) before the test, sub-divide the original gauge
length Lo into N equal parts;
b) after the test, use the symbol X to denote the
gauge mark of the shorter piece and the symbol Y
to denote the gauge mark for the divisions shown
on the longer piece (where the distance of the
longer piece from the fracture is nearest to the
distance of the fracture from gauge mark X).

24 BSI 04-1999
 EN 10002-5:1991

NOTE The shape of the test piece heads is given only as a guide.
Figure E1 Example of elongation measurement after fracture

Annex F (Informative annex) Influence of Machine Type and Strain Rate

List of National Standards Interaction in Tension Testing. ASTM, STP 1025,
corresponding to reference Factors that affect the Precision of Mechanical
Tests, 1989. p187 205.
Euronorm 18
Gray, TGF
Until EURONORM 18 is transformed into a Tensile testing, Chapter 1 p1 42, Mechanical
European Standard, it is possible either to use it or Testing, Edited by I Curbishley, Published by the
to refer to the corresponding national standards, a Institute of Metals, 1988.
list of which is given in Table F1. Harding, J
Annex G (Informative annex) Effect of temperature and strain rate on strength
and ductility of four alloy steels.
Bibliography
Met. Technol. 4(J) Jan. 1977, P6 16.
PUBLISHED PAPERS ON STRAIN RATE Johnson, RF and Murray, JD
EFFECTS DURING TENSILE TESTING
The effect of Rate of Straining on the 0.2 % Proof
Baron, HG Stress and Lower Yield Stress of Steel, ISI
Effect of Strain Rate on Tensile Stress-Strain Publication No. 97, p79 85, 1967.
Characteristics of Metals, Met. Klueh, RL and Oakes, RE
Treatment 1962, 29, pp 253O. Strain Rate Effects on the Tensile Properties of a
Gillis, PG, Gross, TS Bainitic 2 1/4 CrlMo Steel, Trans. ASME; Jnl of
Effect of Strain Rate and Flow Properties, Vol. 8 Eng. Matl. and Technology October 1977,
(Mechanical Testing) ASM Metals Handbook, Ninth P350 358.
Edition, 1985. Krabiell A and Dahl W
Gray, TGF, Sharp, J

BSI 04-1999 25
EN 10002-5:1991

Influence of Temperature and Strain rate on the Strain Rate, Temperature and Grain Size
yield strength of Structural Steels of different Dependence of the LYS of Polycrystalline Iron,
strength. Trans. ISIJ 1970, 10, p173
Arch. Eisenhuttenwes 52 (11) Nov. 1981 Samanta, SK
p429 436. On Relating the Flow Stress of Aluminium and
Krabiell A and Dahl W Copper to Strain, Strain Rate and Temperature,
Influence of temperature and strain rate on the Int. J. Mech. Sci. 1969, 11, P433.
tensile and elongation properties of structural steels Stelly, M
of different strengths. Influence of Deformation Rate on Tensile
Arch. Eisenhuttenwes 52 (11) November 1981 Behaviour of Five Steels (in French)
p437 444. Mem Etudes Scient. Rev. Metall 1980, 77 (7,8),
Leslie, WC and Sober, RJ P807.
The Strength of Ferrite and Martensite on Fuctions Watanabe, T
of Composition, Temperature and Strain Rate, Effect of Strain Rate on Yield Behaviour of Cold
Trans. ASM 1967, 60, p459. Rolled Sheet Steel, Trans.
Nagata, N, Yoshida, S and Sekimo, Y ISIJ 1982, 22, P385.

Table F1 National standards corresponding to Euronorm 18

Corresponding National Standard in
EURONORM 18 Germany France UK Italy Belgium Sweden
a NFA 03-111 b UNI-EU 18 NBN A SS 11 01 20
03-001
SS 11 01 25
a Sincethere is no DIN Standard corresponding to EU 18, requirements in respect of preparation and selection of test samples are
contained in the appropriate product standards. For example, for structural purposes DIN 17 100, for use at high temperature
DIN 17 155 and for use at low temperature DIN 17 280.
b
Since there is no British Standard corresponding to EU 18, requirements in respect of preparation and selection of test samples
are contained in the appropriate product standards.
For example, for structural purposes BS 4360
for Pressure vessel purposes BS 1501

26 BSI 04-1999
 BS EN 10002-5:1992

National annex NA (informative)

The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Iron
and Steel and Non-ferrous Metals Standards Policy Committees (ISM/- and NFM/-) to Technical
Committee ISM/NFM/4 upon which the following bodies were represented:

Aluminium Federation
British Gas plc
British Non-ferrous Metals Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Copper Development Association
Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service)
Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory)
ERA Technology Ltd.
GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Ministry of Defence
Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited
University College London
Welding Institute

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and
panels:

Assoication of Consulting Scientists

Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering Laboratory)
Institute of Sheet Metal Engineering
Lloyds Register of Shipping
Process Plant Association

National annex NB (informative)

The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are as follows:

European Standard British Standard (content identical)

BS EN 10002 Tensile testing of metallic materials
EN 10002-1 Part 1 Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 10002-2 Part 2 Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile testing machine
EN 10002-4a Part 4 Verification of extensometers used in uniaxial testing
a In preparation.

BSI 04-1999