Is 4225 2004
Is 4225 2004
Is 4225 2004
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IS 4225:2004
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Indian Standard
ICS 77.040.20,77.140.30
(0 BIS 2004
October 2004
Price Group 2
Non-destructive Testing Sectional Committee, MTD21
FOREWORD
This Indian standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Non-destructive Testing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering
Division Council.
Steel plates for use in boilers, pressure vessels and similar critical applications are ultrasonically tested to find
out discontinuities such as pipes, ruptures laminations, etc. This standard was first published in 1967 and revised
in 1979. This has now been revised on the basis of experience gained since its first revision and accepted current
practice. More details regarding the test procedure, including the scanning technique have been incorporated
in this revision.
Aithough the method recommended in this standard is generally applicable to all thickness, special accessories
may be necessary for lower thicknesses wherein the depth occupied by the initial pulse is to be evaluated for
defects.
This standard does not prescribe any acceptance criteria for plates, which should be as agreed to by the
contracting parties. However, a general guideline for the acceptance is mentioned in this revision as Annex B
for guidance only.
in the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:
BS 5996: 1980 Method for ultrasonic testing and specifying quality grades of ferritic steel plates
issued by the British Standards Institution
ASTM A 435/A 435 M-92 Standard specification for straight beam ultrasonic examination of steel
plates issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM A 578 M-96 Standard specification for straight beam ultrasonic examination of plain and clad
steel plates for special applications issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials
AMS 2632 Ultrasonic inspection Products less than 0.5 (12.5 mm) thick issued by Aerospace
Material Specification
AMS 2630A Ultrasonic inspection Products over than 0.5 ( 12.5 mm) thick issued by Aerospace
Material Specification
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2:1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 4225:2004
Indian Standard
This standard prescribes the procedure for carrying out The ultrasonic apparatus shall be adjusted and
straight beam, pulse echo ultrasonic examination of calibrated prior to inspection as described in IS 12666.
rolled carbon and alloy steel plates.
4.2 Probe
2 REFERENCES
The probe shall be of straight beam type (single orTR)
The following standards contain provisions, which
using size and frequency capable of detecting the
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
reference reflector with a signal to noise ratio better
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
than 12 dB.
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this 4.2.1 Other probes may be used for evaluating or pin
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility pointing the indications, if required.
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below: 5 TEST CONDITIONS
IS No. Title 5.1 The test should be carried out in an area
2417:2003 Glossary of terms relating to reasonably free from any vibrations that may interfere
ultrasonic testing (jirst revision) with proper functioning of the ultrasonic equipment.
12666:1988 Methods for performance assess-
5.2 The surface of the plate, under examination, shall
ment of ultrasonic flaw detection
be cleaned and smoothened sufficiently to carry out
equipment
the inspection with reference to the reference reflector
13805:2004 General standard for qualification so that the transfer correction is reduced to minimum
and certification for non-destruc- possible, local rough surfaces shall be conditioned
tive testing personnel grinding to ensure proper contact of the transducer to
3 TERMINOLOGY the plate surface.
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given 5.2.1 Any specified identification marks which may
in IS 2417 shall apply. be removed when grinding to achieve proper surface
smoothness, should be restored after testing.
4 EQUIPMENT
6 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Ultrasonic Apparatus
Personnel performing ultrasonic testing, in accordance
The apparatus shall be of straight beam pulse-echo with this standard shall be suitably qualified (Level I,
type, which shall provide vertical linearity within * 5
11or 111)as per guidelines of IS 13805 and be familiar
percent upto at least 80 percent of full screen height at least with the following:
and a horizontal linearity within t 1 percent of the
range. It shall be capable of producing, receiving and a) Ultrasonic terminology;
displaying high frequency electrical pulses at the b) Instrument calibration;
required frequency and energy levels, with high c) Effect of transducer material, size, frequency
degree of accuracy, sharpness, ultra high resolutions and mode on test results;
and stability. The equipment shall have a calibrated d) Effect of material structure on test results;
attenuator or gain control. It also should have the e) Effect of non-linearity on test results;
provision for double crystal (TR) probe operation. The f) Effect of thickness and discontinuities on test
equipment should also have the sufficient range results; and
capacity for the required testing purposes. @ Effect of surface condition on test results.
IS 4225:2004
2
IS 4225:2004
ANNEX A
(Clauses 8.1 and 8.2.1)
ACCEPTANCE CLASSES FOR STRAIGHT BEAM TESTING
c As established by the purchaser and the vendor for specific part and use
NOTE Diameter of flat bottom hole in millimetres.
3
ANNEX B
( Foreword)
DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF DEFECT
B-1 The first step in any detailed plate examination is B-3 When making an assessment it is essential to
determination of the type, approximate size and nature consider the back echo pattern rather than the effect on
of the defect since this affects the beam form and the first back echo in isolation. The information given
equipment response. in Table 1 may be used as a guide in this assessment,
but should not be regarded as a substitute for ultrasonic
B-2 The amount of probe movement, behaviourof the
skill and knowledge.
defect signal and back echo clearly indicate the type
of defect when used in conjunction with other factors.
4
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MTD 21 (4241).
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