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Johannes Trithemius: De Septem Secundeis

("Seven Secondary Causes")
This digital edition by Joseph H. Peterson, Copyright 1998. All rights reserved.

Johannes Trithemius (1462-1516) was elected abbot of Sponheim when he was just 23 years old.
During his years there he built the monastery into a learning center which drew scholars throughout
Europe. He later became abbot of St. Jakob of Wrzburg.

Trithemius wrote De Septem Secundeis in 1508. His doctrine of cycles ruled by planetary angels
ultimately derives from none other than the thirteenth-century Paduan physician Peter d'Abano. (On
which see Lynn Thorndike, History of Magic and Experimental Science II, 874ff esp. pp. 888ff, and on
adoption by Trithemius see Noel Brann, Trithemius and Magical Theology p. 25, 134.). Per Trithemius,
the world was created 5206 years before Christ. The seven angels (secondary to God, who is the "First-
Intelligence") are given more distinct identities in the third book of his Steganographia.

The original book is in the University of Minnesota Andersen rare book collection. It was too
fragile to have a photocopy made, so I commissioned a microfilm copy. Samples printed from the
microfilm were not scannable because of the quality and type set of the original, so I ended up typing it
all in by hand. The Latin title was added by me for identification purposes; Lilly did not include it.

De Septem Secundeis
id est, intelligentiis, sive Spiritibus Orbes post Deum moventibus.

IOHN TRITEMIVS,
Abbot of Spanheim, [Seven Secondary Causes] of the heavenly INTELLIGENCIES,
governing the Orbes under GOD.

1508

Dedication, to the Emperor Maximilian

Renowned Caesar, it is the opinion of very many of the Auncients, that this inferious World by
ordination of the first Intellect (which is God) is directed and ordered by Secundarian Intelligences, to
which opinion Conciliator Medicorum assents, saying, that from the Originall or first beginning of

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heaven and earth, there were 7. Spirits appointed as Presidents to the 7. Planets.

Of which number every one of those ruleth the world 354. years, and four months in order.

To this Position, many, and they most learned men, have afforded their consent; which opinion of
theirs my self not affirming, but delivering, do make manifest to your most sacred Majesty.

De septem secundeis

The first Angell or Spirit of Saturn is called Orifiel, to whom God committed the government of
the World from the beginning of its Creation; who began his government the 15, day of the moneth of
March, in the first year of the World, and it endured 354 years and 4 moneths.

Orifiel notwithstanding is a name appertaining to his Office, not Nature. Attributed to the Spirit in
regard of his action: under his dominion men were rude, and did cohabite together in desert and uncouth
places, after the homely manner of Beasts. This needs not any manner of proof from me, sith its so
manifest out of the Text of Genesis.

The second Governour of the World is Anael the Spirit of Venus, who after Orifiel began to rule
according to the influence of this Planet, in the year of the world 354. the fourth moneth, that is, the 24
day of the moneth of June, and he ruled the world 354 years, and 4 moneths, untill the year from the
Creation of the world 708. as appears to any that shall Calculate the Age thereof.

Under the Regiment of this Angell, men began to be more Civilized, built Houses, erected Cities,
found out Arts Manuall (viz. Monifactury) the Art of Weaving, Spinning, and Cloathing, and many such
like as these, did indulge themselves plentifully with the pleasures of the flesh, took unto themselves
faire women for their wives, neglected God, Receded in many things from their naturall simplicity; they
found out Sports, and Songs, sang to the Harp, and did excogitate whatsoever did belong to the worship
and purpose of Venus. And this wantonness of life in men did continue untill the flood, receiving the
Arguments of its pravity from hence.

Zachariel the Angell of Jupiter, began to govern the world in the year of the Creation of Heaven
and Earth 708. the eighth moneth, that is, the 25 day of the moneth of October, and he did regulate the
World 354 years, 4 moneths, untill the year of the worlds Creation 1063 inclusively. Under whose
moderation, men first of all began to usurp Dominion over one another, to exercise Hunting, to make
Tents, to adorn their bodies with severall garments: and there arose a great Division betwixt the good
and evill men; the Pious invocating God, such as Enoch, whom the Lord translated to Heaven' the
wicked running after the snares and pleasant allurements of the Flesh.

Men also under the Dominion of this Zachariel began to live more civilly, to undergo the Laws
and Commands of their Elders, and were reclaimed from their former fierceness. Under his rule Adam
the first man died, leaving to all posterity an assured Testimony, that necessarily once we must dye.

Various Arts and Inventions of men did about this time first appear & manifest themselves, as
Historians have more clearly expressed.

The fourth Rector of the World was Raphael, the Spirit of Mercury which began in the year of the
Creation of Heaven and Earth 1063 the 24 day of February, and he reigned 354 years 4 months, and his

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Government continued untill the year of the World 1417 and fourth moneth. In these times writing was
first found out, and letters excogitated of Trees and Plants, which notwithstanding afterwards and in
process of time received a more gracefull shape, and the Nations varied or changed the Face of their
Characters according to their own fancy. The use of Musicall Instruments, under the time and rule of
this Raphael, began to be multiplied, and Commerce or Exchange betwixt man and man was now first
invented: A presumptuous, rude and simple Audacity in these times begot Navigation or the manner of
Sayling from one place to another, and many such like things in one kinde or other, &c.

The fifth Gubernator of the World was Samuel the Angell of Mars, who began the 26 day of the
moneth of June in the year of the World 1417. and swayed the rule of this World 354 years 4 moneths,
untill the year of the World 1771. and eighth moneth, under whose Empire and Government men
imitated the nature of Mars, also under the Dominion of this Angell, the Universall deluge of waters
happened Anno Mundi 1656. as evidently it appears by History out of Genesis. And its to be observed,
what the auncient Philosophers have delivered, that so oft as Samuel the Angell of Mars is ruler of the
World, so often there ariseth notable alterations of Monarchy. Religions and sects do vary, Laws are
changed, Principalities and Kingdomes are transferred to Strangers, which we may easily finde out in
order by perusall of Histories.

Notwithstanding Samuel doth not immediatly in the very beginning or entrance of his Dominion
manifest the disposition of his behaviour or custome: but when he hath exceeded the middle time of his
Gubernation which very thing is likewise to be understood concerning the Angels of the other Planets,
(as it may be manifested from Histories) all which do send down their influence according to the
Proprieties of the natures of their Stars, and operate upon the inferiour bodies of this World.

The sixth Governour of the World is Gabriel the Angell of the Moon, who began after Samuel the
Angel of Mars had finished his course: the 28 day of the moneth of October in the yeare of the World
1771 and eighth moneth: and he ordered the affaires of the World 354 years and 4 moneths, untill the
year of the World 2126. Again in these times men were multiplyed, and builded many Cities: and we
must note: that the Hebrews do affirme that the Generall deluge, was Anno Mundi 1656. under the
moderation of Mars: But the Septuagint interpreters, Isidorus and Beda confirme the Deluge to be in the
year of the World 2242. under the Regiment of Gabriel, the Angel of the Moon, which seems unto me
by Multiplication to be rather constentaneous unto truth, but to express my further conception hereof, is
not the work of this present discourse.

Michael the Angel of the Sun was the 7. Ruler of the World, who began the 24. of February, in the
year of the World according to common computation 2126. and he governed the world 354. years and
four moneths, until the year of the age of the world 2480. and four moneths.

Under the Dominion of the Angel of the Sun even as Histories consent with truth, Kings began
first to be amongst Mortall men, of whom Nimrod was the first, that with an ambitious desire of
Soveraignty, did Tyrannize over his Companions.

The worship of several Gods by the foolishness of men, was now instituted, and they began to
adore their petty Princes as Gods.

Sundry Arts also about this time were invented by men; to wit, the Mathematicks, Astronomy,
Magique, and that worship which formerly was attributed to one onely God began now to be given to

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divers Creatures: the knowledge of the true God, by little and little, and the superstition of men became
forgotten.

About these times Architecture was found out, and men began to use more policy both in their
civill institutions, and manners, or customs of living.

From henceforth the eighth time in order, again Orifiel the Angel of Saturn began to govern the
World the 26. day of the moneth of June, in the year from the beginning of the world 2480. and four
moneth; and he continued his government of the world this second return, 354. years and four moneths,
untill the year of the world 2834. and eight moneths. Under the regulation of this Angel, the Nations
were multiplied, and the earth was divided into Regions; many Kingdoms instituted; the Towel of Babel
was built, the confusion of Tongues then fell out, men were dispersed into every part of the earth, and
men began to Till, and Manure the earth more acurately, to ordain Fields, sow Corn, plant Vineyards, to
dig up Trees, and to provide with greater diligence, what ever was more convenient for their food, and
rainment.

From that time forward, first of all, amongst men, the discerning of Nobility begun to be taken
notice of; which was, when men in their manner of living, and in wisdom did excell the rest of men,
undertaking Trophies of glory from the great ones of the earth, as rewards for their merits: From hence
first of all, the whole world began to come into the knowledge of men, whilest every where the Nations
being multiplied, many Kingdoms did arise, and various differences of tongues did follow.

The ninth time in order and course, Anael, the Angel of Venus began again to sway the world the
29. day of October, and in the year of the Creation of Heaven and earth 2834. and 8. moneths: and he
presided 354. years, four moneths, untill the year of the VVorld 3189.

In these times men forgetting the true God, began to honour the dead, and to worship their Statues
for God, which Errour hath infected the World more then two thousand years: Men did now devise
curious and costly Ornaments, for better trimming, and adorning their bodies: found out divers kindes of
Musicall Instruments; again, men prosecuted too much the lust and pleasures of the flesh, instituting,
and dedicating Statuas and Temples to their Gods. Witchcraft, and Incantations in these times were first
excogitated by Zoroaster King of the Bactrians (and divers others as well as he) whom Ninus King of
Assyria overcame in War.

In order the tenth time Zachariel the Angel of Jupiter, again began to ruler the world the last day
of February, in the year of the building, or framing the heaven and earth, 3189. and he moderated
according to his custom, and manner 354. years, and four moneths, untill the year of the world 3543.
and four moneth.

These were joyfull times, and might truly be called golden, wherein there was plenty of all manner
of usefull things, which much conduced for the increase of mankinde, giving thereby exceeding beauty
and adornment to the things of this World.

In like manner about this time, God gave to Abraham the Law of Circumcision; and first of all
promised the Redemption of Mankinde by the Incarnation of his onely begotten Son.

Under the Government of this Angel, the Patriarchs first Founders of Justice, were famous, and
the righteous were divided from the ungodly, by their own proper indeavour and consent.

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About these times in Arcadia, Iupiter grew famous, who was stiled also Lisania, the Son of
Heaven and God, a King, who first of all gave Laws to the Arcadians, made them very civill in their
manners and behaviour, taught them the worship of God, erected them Temples, instituted Priests,
procured many advantagious benefits for mankinde, for which his so great benefits, he was by them
termed Jupiter, and after his death accounted for a Deity or God.

He had his Original from the sons of Heber, viz. Gerar, as ancient Histories do record to posterity.

Prometheus also the son of Atlas is reported under the Government of this Angel to have made
Men; onely, because of rude and ignorant, he made them wise and knowing, humane, courteous,
accomplished in learning and manners: he made Images by Art to move of themselves.

He first found out the use of the Ring, Scepter, Diadem, and all kingly ornaments.

In or about these times other joviall men did excell; men most wise, and women also, who by their
own understanding delivered many profitable inventions to mankinde; who being dead, for the greatness
of their wisdom, were reputed as Gods: viz. Photoneus, who first of all instituted amongst the Greeks,
Laws, and judgements, as also, Sol, Minerva, Ceres, Serapis amongst the Aegyptians, and very many
besides.

In order the 11. time Raphael the Angel of Mercury again undertook the ordering of the world the
first day of the moneth of Iuly, in the year of the world 3543. and fourth moneth; he continued in his
Commands 354. years, and four moneths, untill the year of the Creation of heaven and earth 3897. and
8. moneth.

Verily in these times, as it evidently appears from the Histories of the Ancients, men more
earnestly applied themselves to the study of wisdom, amongst whom the last learned and most eminent
men, were Mercurius, Bacchus, Omogyius, Isis, Inachus, Argus, Apollo, Cecrops, and many more, who
by their admirable inventions, both profited the world then, and posterity since.

Severall Superstitions also about these times, concerning the worship of their Idols were instituted
by men.

Sorceries, Incantations, and Arts of framing Diabolical Images, were now in a marvellous manner
increased, and whatsoever either of subtilty, or wit, that could possibly be attributed to the invention, or
cunning of Mercury about these times, did exceedingly increase.

Moses the wisest Commander of the Hebrews, expert in the knowledge of many things and Arts, a
Worshipper of one onely true God, did deliver the people of Israel from the slavery of the Aegyptians,
and procured their liberty.

About this time Janus first of all reigned in Italy, after him Saturnus, who instructed his people to
fat their grounds with soile or dung, and was accounted or esteemed for a God.

Near these times Cadmus found out the Greek Letters, or Characters, and Carmentis, the daughter
of Evander, the Latine.

God Omnipotent, under the Government of this Raphael, the Angel of Mercury, delivered by the

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hands of Moses, to his people a Law in writing, which giveth a manifest testimony of our Saviour Iesus
Christ, his future birth and nativity to be born in the flesh.

Here arose in the World a wonderful diversity of Religions: During these times, here flourished
many Sybills, Prophets, Diviners, Soothsayers, or such as used inspection into the entrals of Beasts,
Magitians, or Wise-men, Poets, as Sybilla, Erythraea, she of the Isle of Delphos, she whom we call the
Phrygian, because she lived in Phrygia with the rest.

Again in order the twelfth time Samuel the Angel of Mars, began to exercise his Dominion upon
the world, the second day of the moneth of October, in the year of the world 3897. and eighth moneth,
and his time of ruling, was 354. years, and four moneths from thence, untill the year 4252. under whose
Empire and rule, was that great and most famous Destruction of Troy in Asia the less: as also an
admirable mutation, and alteration of Monarchy, and many Kingdoms together with new institutions, or
moldings of many Cities, as Paris, Monunce, Carthage, Naples, and very many besides these.

Many new Kingdoms were newly erected, or now had their first beginning, as that of the
Lacedemonians, Corinthians, Hebrews, and divers more.

Here in these times all over the whole world, there was very great wars, and Battels of Kings and
Nations, and several alterations of Empires.

The Venetians from this time, do compute and reckon the originall both of their people and City
from the Trojans.

And its observable that very many other Nations, as well in Europe as in Asia, pretend to have
taken their originall from the Trojans, to whom I thought good to give so much credit, as they
themselves were able to perswade me was truth, upon sufficient testimony and proof.

The Arguments they produce concerning their Nobility and Antiquity are frivolous, being desirous
to magnifie themselves openly, as if there were no People, or Nation in Europe, before the Destruction
of Troy, or as if there had been no Pesant, or Clown amongst the Trojans.

Under the moderation also of this Planet, Saul was made first King of the Jews, after him David,
whose son King Salomon, built in Ierusalem the Temple of the true God, the most famous and glorious
of the whole world: from hence the Spirit of God illustrating, and enlightening his Prophets with a more
ample illumination of his grace, they did not only foretell of the future incarnation of our Lord and
Saviour, but also many other things, as holy Scriptures do testifie, amongst whom were Nathan son of
King David, Gad, Asaph, Achias, Semeias, Asarias, Anan, and many others.

Homer the Greek Poet, VVriter of Troys Destruction, Dares, Phrygius, Dyctis Cretensis, who were
themselves at the rasing, and sacking thereof, and have likewise described it, are supported to have been
alive near about these times.

The thirteenth time in order, Gabriel the Spirit of the Moon, again undertook the ordering of this
world the 30. day of Ianuary in the year from the beginning of the Universe 4252. and he presided in his
Government 354 years, 4 moneths, untill the year of the World 4606. and fourth moneth.

In this time many Prophets were famous and excelled amongst the Jews, viz. Helias, Heliseus,

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Micheas, Abdias, with many others: There were many alterations of the Kingdom of the Jews: Lycurgus
gave Laws and Ordinances to the Lacedemonians, Capetus, Sylvius. Lyberius Sylvius, Romulus Sylvius,
Procas Sylvius, Numitor, Kings of Italy flourished, during the moderation of this spirit: more Kingdomes
also had their Originall or foundation under him, as those of the Lydians, Medes, Macedonians,
Spartans, and others: the Monarchy of Assyrians under Sardanapalus now ended. And in like manner
the Kingdome of the Macedonians was consumed, or worn out.

Sundry lawes are imposed on men, the worship of the true God is neglected, and the Religion of
false Gods too much propagated: the City of Rome is built under the Dominion of this Spirit, in the year
1484. which yeare in order, was the 239 of the Angell Gabriel, the Kingdome of the Sylvans in Italy
now ended, and that of Rome began in these times, Thales, Chilon, Periander, Cleobulus, Bias, and
Pittacus, the seaven wise men of Greece florished, and from thence Philosophers and Poets came into
request. At Rome, Romulus the first founder of the City reigned 37. years being a Fratricide and a stirrer
up of Sedition. After whom Numa Pompilius continued that Kingdome in peace full 42 years: he
amplified the worship of the Gods, and lived in the time of Hezekiah King of Iudea. About the
expiration of this Angell of the Moon his government: Nebuchadonozor King of Babylon, took
Hierusalem, and destroyed Zedechiah the King and carryed away all the people Captive.

Hieremiah the Prophet was now famous, who fore-told this destruction, as also their future
delivery from Babylon.

When Gabriel had finished his course, againe Michael Angell of the Sun did assume the 14.
government of the World, who began the first day of the moneth of May, in the year of the World 4606.
the fourth moneth, and did rule the World according to his own order 354. years, untill the year of the
Worlds Creation 4960. and eighth moneth.

In the time of this Angels moderation Evill Merodach King of Babylon, did restore both their
Liberty and King to the people of the Jews, according to the direction of the Angell Michael, who as
Daniel wrote, stood for the Nation of the Jews, unto whom they were committed by God.

In these times likewise the Monarchy of the Kingdome of the Persians began, whose first King
Darius: and the second Cyrus did bring to nothing or utterly ruine, that most powerfull Kingdome of
Babylon in the dayes of Balthazar, (as Daniel and the Prophets had predicted.)

In these times Sybilla Cumana was much spoken of, and grew famous; who brought 9 books to
Tarquinius Priscus the King to be bought for a certain price; in which were contained the reason, order,
and succession of future Avisements, of the whole common-wealth of the Romans. But when the King
refused to give her the price demanded, Sybilla (the King seeing it) burnt the three first books,
demanding the same price for the other six; which when again he had denyed to give her, she committed
to be burnt three of those remaining, and would have done so by the rest; unless the King by perswasion
and Councell of others, had not redeemed them from consuming, giving the same price for the three last,
for which he might have had the whole nine.

Moreover the Romans having abrogated Government by Kings constituted two Consuls to reign
every year.

Phalaris the Tyrant in these times occupied Sicilia: Magique or naturall Philosophy was also in

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these times highly esteemed amongst the Kings of Persia.

Pythagoras the Philosopher, and very many others flourished amongst the Greeks; the Temple and
City of Hierusalem are a new reedified.

Esdras the Prophet repaired the books of Moses, burned by the Chaldeans; who were also called
Babylonians, and committed them to memory for example. Xerxes King of the Persians brought his
Army against the Greeks, but had no success therein. The City of Rome is taken, burned, and destroyed,
by the Gaules; the Capitoll only preserved by a Goose, stirring up the weary Champions. The Athenians
had eminent wars in these times: Socrates & Plato Philosophers lived now.

The Romans lessened the power of their Consuls, instituted Tribunes & Aedils, and were also
about these times involved in many calamities: Alexander the great after the expiration of the rule of
Michael, reigned in Macedonia, destroyed the Monarchy of the Persians in Darius: conquered all Asia,
and annexed it with part of Europe to his own Empire.

He lived 33 years, reigned 12 after whose death infinite wars and many mischiefs followed, and
his Monarchy became divided amongst four.

Now amongst the Jews, first of all, they began to contend for the Priesthood: the Kingdome of
Syria began.

After the Spirit of Michael had finished his course, then the 15 time in order, Orifiel the Angell of
Saturn, the third time assumed the regulating of this World, the last day of the moneth of September, in
the year from the building of the Universe 4960. and eighth moneth: and he did rule in Chief 354 years,
4 moneths, untill the year of the World 5315. Under whose moderation, the Punick war began betwixt
the Romans and Carthaginians: the City of Rome was almost wholly consumed by fire and water. The
Brazen Molten Image called Colossus, in length one hundred and twenty six foot fell down, being
shaken by an earthquake. At, or near this time the City of Rome enjoyed peace one year after the Punick
War: which Common-wealth had never been without War in 440 years before.

Hierusalem together with the Temple is burnt and destroyed by Antiochus and Epiphanes, the
History of the Machabees and their Wars were now acted.

In these times Carthage 606 years after its first foundation is destroyed, and burned continually by
the space of 17 whole dayes. In Sicilia seaventy thousand slaves made a Conspiracy against their
Masters.

Many Prodigies in these times were beheld in Europe; tame domesticall cattle fled to the Woods, it
raigned blood, a fiery Ball shined, appeared, and glistered out of heaven with great noyse and crackling.
Mithridates King of Pontus, and Armenia held Wars with the Romans 40 years. The Kingdome of the
Jews is restored, which had interruption 575 years from the time of Zedechia untill Aristobalus. The
people also of Germany called the Theutines, invaded the Romans and after many fights are overcome
and one hundred and threescore thousand of them slain, besides innumerable others of them, who slew
themselves and familiars under Cajus and Mantius the Consuls: notwithstanding this, many of the
Romans were before this cut off by them: after which time, Civill Wars did much shake the Romane
Common-wealth, which endured full 40 years. Three Suns appeared and were seen in Rome, but not
long ere they were reduced into one.

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A very few years succeeding, Julius Cajus Caesar usurped the government of the Romans, which
Octavius Augustus after him amplified, and joyned Asia, Africk and Europe into one Monarchy he
reigned 36 years by whom, or whose means God gave peace to the whole World: In the year from the
building of the City 751. and of Caesar Octavius Augustus 42. and in the 245 year and eighth moneth,
the 25 of December, of the government of the aforesaid Orifiel the Angell of Saturne: Iesus Christ the
Son of God is born in Bethelem of Iudea, of Mary the Virgin. Note, how faire and wonderfull the
Ordination of Divine providence is; for the World at first was created under the rule of Saturn his Angell
Orifiel: and mercifully redeemed, instaurated, and made new again under his third government; so that
the great number and agreement of concurring Actions, may seem to administer no small beliefe to this
manner of description, or setting forth, that this World is governed by the seaven Angels of the Planets:
for in the first Gubernation of Orifiel, there was one only Monarchy of the whole World, under his
second (as we mentioned before) it was divided amongst many.

Again, during his third, (as is manifest) it was reduced into one, although, if we consider or
measure time aright, it is manifest also that in the second government of Orifiel, there was but one only
Monarchy, when the Tower of Babel was built. From this time forward the Kingdome of the Jews was
quite taken away, and the sacrifice of meat-offerings ceased, nor shall liberty be restored to the Jews
before the third Revolution of the Angell Michael, and this shall be after the Nativity of Christ, in the
year 1880. the eighth moneth, viz. In the year of the World 7170. and eighth moneth. Many of the Jews
in those times, and of the Gentiles also, shall embrace Christian Religion, most plain and simple men
preaching the word of God, whom no humane institution, but a divine spirit hath inspired. The World
shall then be brought to its first innocency of its simplicity, the Angell of Saturne Orifiel governing the
World every where.

Coelestiall things are mixed with earthly, many of the Christians for that faith which they did
Preach, shall be slaughtered by the rulers of this World. About the ending of the Moderation of Orifiel,
Hierusalem is destroyed by the Romans, and the Jews are dispersed into every Nation, there being
massacred of them eleven hundred thousand, and four score thousand sold for slaves, the residue of
them fled; and so the Romans wholy destroyed Judea.

After that Orifiel had finished his government, Anael the Angell of Venus, the sixteenth in order,
the third time reassumed his Regiment of the World: the last day of Ianuary, in the year of creating the
Heaven & Earth 5315. but from the year of the birth of Christ 109. and he regulated the affaires of the
World 354 years, 4 moneths, untill the years of the World 5669. 4 moneths, but of the Nativity of our
Saviour Iesus Christ in the flesh 463. And its remarkable, that almost during the whole rule of this Anael
the Angel of Venus, the Church of Christians did flourish in her persecutions, and prevailed; many
thousands, of men being Butchered for the Faith of Christ. Moreover in these times very many Heresies
began to be broached in the Church, which were not extinguished, but after some time, and with labour
& the blood of good men.

Many men were eminent about these times in all manner of learning, and such as were learned and
Eloquent Divines, Astronomers, Physitians, Orators, Historiographers, and men of like quality, not only
amongst the Gentiles, but Christians. At length the persecution of Infidels ceased, after that Constantine
Caesar the great, had assumed the Christian faith, in the year of the World 5539. after the middle of the
Government of the aforesaid Anael the Angell of Venus. Although those professing the Religion and
faith of Iesus Christ in some measure were now and then disturbed and molested by the Ungodly; Yet
notwithstanding the peace of the Church did remain free from molestation a long time.

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From this time forward, Mankinde which from the time of Ninus the King, for almost the space of
two thousand and three hundred years, had most miserably gone astray about the worship of Idols, was
now revoked mercifully to the knowledge of one only God.

Various Arts of Subtilty in these times were augmented, and had increase and reputation according
to their convenience to the nature of Venus.

For the manners of men are changed with the time, and the inferiour bodies are disposed
according to the influence of the superiors.

The mind of man (verily) is free, and receives not the influence of the Stars, unless it doth too
much commaculate his affection, by inclining its self with the commerce which it hath with the body.
For the Angels who are the movers of the Orbs, do neither destroy nor subvert any thing, which nature it
self hath constituted or framed.

A Comet of unwonted and unusuall greatness did precede the death of Constantine.

The Arrian Heresie in many Countreys disturbed the holy Church.

Toward the end of this Angels Government, in the time of Iulianus Caesar, Crosses appeared in
lines, and Crosses in the garments of men.

In Asia and Palaestina wars followed, Pestilences and Famine in those places where the Crosses
appeared.

In these times also about the year of our Lord 360. the Franks or Franconians in Germany had
their Originall; who afterwards wasting Gallia, gave the name unto it of France, having first overcome
and conquered the people thereof. The description of Francia in greatness is long and wide, or of great
circuit, whose Metropolis Moguntia sometimes was; now truly and only Herbipolis.

The Bavarians, Suevians, the people of Rhine, Saxons, Thuringers, this day do occupie a great
part of France in Germany, under jurisdiction of the Papacy in some places. Moreover in the 280 year
of the Gubernation of this Angell Anael, the Roman Empire began to decline, whilst the City was taken
and burned by the Goths the Imperial seat being first translated into Greece under Constantine, which
was very mischievously done, and the only cause of the declining of that whole Monarchy: for neer the
determination of this Angell Anael his Regiment, there did arise Radigifus, Alaricus, Atholfus, Kings of
the Gothes: Also after this Genserick of the Vandals and Attilas of the Hunns who runing all over
Europe, did most miserably teare the Empire in sunder, as is evident in these Histories.

When Anael the Angell of Venus had finished his Regiment, then Zachariel the Spirit of Jupiter
did reassume the Universall Government of this World the seaventh time, the first day of June, in the
year of the World 5669. the fourth moneth, but in the year of our Lord and Saviour Iesus Christ 463.
four moneths; and governed in his turne years and four moneths untill the year of the World 6023. and
eighth moneth: but of our Lord God 817.

Many men in these times out of their affection to Christian Philosophy, betook themselves to live
in the Wilderness: many Prodigies appeared, Comets, Earthquakes, it raigned blood.

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Merlin born in Tumbe, predicted wonderfull things in the beginning or entrance of this Angels
Government.

Arthurus who commonly is called Arthur, the most glorious King of great Britain, who overcame
the Barbarians, restored peace to the Church, went away conquerour in many battels: propagated the
Faith of Christ, subdued to his dominion all Gallia, Norway, Denmark, and many other Provinces. He
was the most glorious of all Kings that lived in his time, who after many famous actions performed, did
never more appear, being expected to return by the Britains for many years, of whom in times past many
praise-worthy songs were published by the Bardes of that people of wonderfull Poesie; for whilest he
raigned, England was in its most flourishing condition, unto whom thirteen kingdoms were subject.

In or near these times the severall Orders of Monks began to multiply in the Church of God:
Theodoric King of Gothes being an Arrian did possess all Italy, slue Boetius their Consull.

All manner of Estates were full of perturbation, as well the Empire as Church affairs, or Church
and Common-wealth were now in great distress.

Zenon and Anastasius, Arrian Emperours in the East, Theodoric and his successors in Italy,
Honorius King of the Vandalls in Affrica did excercise no small Tyranny.

Clodoucus King of France at length in Gallia being turned Christian, both overcame the Gothes,
and restored peace in many places, though not in every Country and Kingdom.

In the time of St. Benedict, and year of Christ 500. or thereabouts, in the beginning of the
government of this Angel Zachariel the Spirit of Iupiter, whose spirits property it is, to change Empires
and Kingdoms, which was done in this Revolution, histories do manifoldly declare; and what himself
could not perform, he ordained Raphael the Angel of Mercury, his successor, to perfect in Charles King
of French-men.

Many Kingdoms came to their periods under these 350. years both of the Gothes, Vandalls,
Burgundians, Lumbards, Thuringers, Almains, Bavarians, and very many besides.

Iustinianus the Emperour first of all about these times beautified the Common-wealth very
deservedly with his Lawes.

Many gallant and most admirable men flourished under Zachariel.

Iustinianus built the Temple of St. Sophia in Constantinople consisting of 400. Towers. The
Empire is divided and made Bi-partite, and ever and anon is more and more oppressed with mischiefs.

Many signs in heaven appeared about these times, as is easily collected from Histories.

Cosdroes king of the Persians took Hierusalem, whom Heraclius the Emperour afterward slue.

Mahomet the Arabian in these times about the year of Christ 600. introduced the Sect of Sarazens,
by which Sect the Roman Empire in Asia is now quite extinguished.

Dagobert King of France slue the English, at that time called Saxons (whom in battell he

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overcame). Its remarkable, that by little and little Christianity about these times began to fail in Asia and
Affrick, upon entrance of the Sect of the Sarasins therein, which now had almost poysoned the whole
world.

About the years of our Lord God 774. Crosses appeared in the garments of men, and not long after
the Roman Empire is divided, a translation of the Monarchy being made to Charles who was of the
Frankes Nation in Germany, who preserved the Empire and Church from perishing, and fought many
famous battels.

The name of Western Galls, or Westphalians in Saxony after his victory first had its beginning.

In the 18. place after finishing the rule of Zachariel, the Angel of Iupiter, Raphael the spirit of
Mercury undertook the disposing of this worlds affaires, the third time, the second day of November in
the year of the Creation of the World, 6023. eighth moneth, and he swayed the scepter of the World 354.
years, four moneths, untill the years of the world 6378. and of our Lord God 1171.

In the first beginning of this revolution of Raphael the Angel of Mercury, the Monarchy of the
Roman Empire (as we mentioned before) was translated to Charles the great.

After Charles his son Lodowick ruled 25. years, who being dead, his sons contending amongst
themselves, did again extenuate the strength of the Empire.

The Normans harrowed France: Rome is twice scourged by the Saracens: under Lodowick the
second it raigned blood from Heaven in Italy, by the space of three whole dayes.

In Saxony, a certain village with all its buildings, and inhabitants was in a moment swept away by
an horrible gaping or opening of the earth.

About the year of our Lord God 910. there were many great motions in Italy, and Italy fell from
the Empire of the Franks or Franconians, and ordained proper kings for themselves of their own
election; the first whereof was Berengarius the Duke of Fonolivium, after whom seven in order
succeeded, near upon fifty years, untill the translation of the Empire unto the Germans: The first
Emperour that was thereof was Otho, from which time the Empire began to be reformed; unto whom
Otho his son, and hos Nephew Otho after succeeded in the Empire: under whose Government the
Hungarians are converted to the Christian Faith. But the third Otho dying without children, instituted
after his death Electors of the Empire in the year of Christianity 1002. even as they remain to this
present day.

Ierusalem is again taken by the Saracens: many strange sights are seen in the air, in the Heavens,
in the Earth and sea, and in waters: But Otho the third being dead, Henry the first by election of the
Princes succeeded, raigned 20. years, who founded the Church of Bamburg, and dying a Virgin, together
with his wife Kunigunda he shone gloriously in miracles; after whom Conrade, first Duke of the
Francks is chosen, and ruled 20. years.

Godfrey Earl of Bullen also recovered the holy Land, and City of Jerusalem from the hands of the
Infidels.

Before the end of this Revolution many signs and Prodigies were seen, and a little time after the

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Nation of the Tartars exceeded the bounds of their own Country, and did many mischiefs to the Empire
of Rome.

There was Famine, Pestilence, Earthquakes in the Empire: Three suns were seen in the East, and
as many Moons. In the year of our Lord God 1153. Frederick first called Barbarossa began to reign, and
ruled 33. years, the beginning of whose Government was in the 336. year of Raphael: He did many
noble exploits, and enlarged the strength of that Empire, performed sundry wars with great success, in
whose ninth year the Egians and Lituotrians were converted to the Faith of Christ.

Samael the Angel of Mars in order, the nineteenth time came to accept the Gubernation of the
universall world, it being now his third returne, and this he did the third day of March, Anno Mundi,
6378. and he regulated mundane affaires 354. years four moneths, untill the years of the World 6732.
four moneth; and of our Lord God 1525. under whose predominancy many wars were all over the whole
world, by which means infinite thousands of men perished, and sundry Kingdoms lost their former
bounds: betwixt Frederick the first Emperour and the Romane Nobility, many controversies arose,
sundry great battels were fought, and many thousands of Romans perished.

The aforesaid Frederick did wholy subvert Mediolanum: Leige is destroyed, Hierusalem is again
taken by the Saracens, the Empire of the Tartarians the greatest in the whole World about these times
took its beginning, occasioned a very great plague in the World, nor yet do they cease.

After Frederick, Henrie his Son is elected Emperour. Who being dead, Schism confounds that
Empire; under Philip and Otho many battels followed in the confines of Germany, Argentine, Cullen,
Liege, Wormes, Spires, and all over the Kingdome. The sect of begging or Mendicant Friars began in
these times, in the 40 year year, or thereabouts of Samael: from whence it is most apparent, that all
things are done by providence. The Sarazens fought many battels against the Christians in Asia and
Africk. Constantinople is taken by the Germans: Baldwin Earl of Flanders is instituted Emperour. In
Almain more then twenty thousand young men are drowned in the Sea by Pyrats, who seduced by a vain
spirit, did give forth they would recover the holy land.

From Spain many shepheards or keepers of cattle united themselves together, coming to Paris
dispoiling the clergy of their livelyhoods, the common people taking part with them, or being well
pleased with it.

But when they extended their hands to take away the goods of the Layity, they were quite cut off
and destroyed.

In the year of Christ 1212. Frederick the second is elected, he reigned 33. years, and did many acts
against the Church. In the yeare 1238. an Eclipse and a continual Earthquake undid many thousands of
men.

Frisia also by continuall incursions of the sea, was almost wholly drowned, and there did perish
more then one hundred thousand of men and women.

The Tartars waste Hungaria and Polonia, Armenia the greater being first subdued, and many
regions besides.

In the year of Christ 1244. a certain Jew digging in the ground at Toledo in Spain, found a book, in

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which it was written, In the third World Christ shall be born of the Virgin Mary, and shall suffer for the
salvation of man, not long after the third World believing, shall be baptized.

It was the third Revolution of the Angell of Saturn, concerning which, what is spoken is intended:
in the beginning of whose reign, Christ was born of a Virgin.

The Popes of Rome deposing Frederick, it is said the Empire was vacant 28 years, untill the
Election of Rodolph Count of Habspurg, constituting Kings by turns in the Intervals or vacancy. First
Henry Count of Schuvartzenburg at Thuring by election of the Princes; then William Earle of Holland,
Conrade the Son of Frederick, Alfonsus King of Castile, Richard Earl of Cornwall, brother to the King
of England, many evils were multiplied upon the face of the Earth.

At or neer this time about the year of our Lord God 1260. the Confederacy of the Switzers began,
a small people in number, but have increased with the time, who have slain many of their Nobility, and
being a Warlike people have banished and frighted away many others of their Nobles from their proper
habitations, whose Common wealth is now known to all the people of Germany.

In the year of Christians 1273. Rudolphus of Habspurg is constituted Emperour by Election of the
Princes he raigned 18 years, the best of men, prudent in all manner of affaires, from whom afterwards
descended all the Dukes of Austria. The Tartarians invading the Lands of Christians, Constantinpole
and Greece, brought infinite damage to the Christians.

The Saracens do occupie many Cities in Asia, kill and destroy more than four hundred thousand
Christians: Rudolphus being dead, Adolph of Nassaw is elected King, he governed six years, whom
Albert the son of Rudolph, afterwards overcame and slew in fight neer Wormes and was chosen
Imperator in the yeare of Christ 1298. he governed ten years and was slain by his brothers son. The
Order of the Knights Templars by command of Pope Clement the fifth is destroyed, the Isle of Rhodes is
recovered by Christians out of the hands of the Sarazens, after the War and siege thereof had continued
four whole years. Albertus being slain by his Nephew; Henry is constituted the eighth Emperour, being
Count of Luxenburg, who reigned 5 years; he being dead Lodowick the fourth of Bavaria reigned 32
years, beginning in the year 1315. unto whom the Popes of Rome gave a Crown.

Frederick Duke of Austria opposeth himself against Lodowick, but is overcome by him.

After Lodowick, Charles the fourth King of Bohemia is constituted Emperour; who converted the
Bishoprick of Prague into an Archbishoprick; he reigned 31 years: there were most fearfull
Earthquakes. This Charles did institute many things in favour of the Princes Electors, concerning their
Customes and Tallayes, which were not in use formerly. Gunther Count of Schuartzenburg stiled
himself King, opposed Charles the Emperour, but prevailed nought at all against him.

After Charles, his Son Winceslaus governed 22 years: after whom Jodocus Marques of Moravia
succeeded, Sigismund Cozen German of Winceslaus.

Winceslaus was disposed, Leopald Duke of Austria, 8 Earls, and more then 4000 souldiers fighting
against the Switzers, were all by them slain.

During the government of Winceslaus King of Bohemia Emperour: the Tenets of Iohn Huss had
their beginning. Winceslaus being deposed, Rupert Count Palatine of Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria was

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elected, and ruled 10. years. In the year of our Lord God 1369. the Christians did ingage themselves in a
war against the Sarazens, which succeeded ill by reason of the French mens Arrogancy: because more
then one hundred thousand of our men did dye in that war; besides such as were made Captives,
amongst whom was Iohn Duke of Burgundy, many were the wars of those times.

In the year of the World 1407 Sigismund is made Emperour, and governed 27 years: he
indeavoured to wast and destroy the kingdome of Bohemia thereby to extinguish Heresie, but it little
availed him. The Kingdome of France is most grievously wasted and consumed by the English and
Burgundians: Sigismund being departed this life, Albert Duke of Austria, Sigismunds son in Law,
succeeded in the year of Christians 1438. and only raigned two years, an admirable man and worthy of
the Empire. He being deceased, Frederick the third Duke of Austria, the Son of Ernestus, by election of
the Princes, is chosen Emperour: and reigned 56 years, a man of a Divine soul and peaceable
conversation, who began to rule Anno Dom. 1440.

In the year of Christians 1453. Constantinople is taken of the Turks by Treachery of a certain
Genoway, and a little after by degrees all Greece fell from their Christian faith. For a litle time after
many Kingdoms and Provinces of the Christians were harrowed, wasted, and taken by the Turks. Many
and most grievous wars the Christians had amongst themselves about this time, in France, England,
Saxony, Westphalia, Prusia, Flanders, Sweden, and other places. In these times the Art of Printing was
newly found out, and invented at Mogunce the Metropolis of Almain, by a wonderfull industry, and not
without the speciall gift of the Deity.

In the year of Christ 1456. the Turks were overthrown in Hungaria by the faithfull Christians,
whereof many of them perished. The Pilgrimage of young men to Saint Michael was wonderfull. There
were Earthquakes in the Kingdome of Naples, and more then fourty thousand people perished thereby.

In the year of the World 1462 Moruntia is taken and spoiled being the Metropolis of the
Franconians or Francks in Germany.

Charles Duke of Burgundy overcame the Franconians in Anno 1465. after that in 1467 he
destroyed the cities Dinant & Liege, An. 1473. he entered Gelderland, and with much valour obtained it,
& in like manner all the whole Dukedome of Loraigne.

A Comet during all the moneth of Ianuary 1472 appeared. Charles Duke of Burgundy not long
besieged the Towne of Nussicum one whole years space, viz. in or about 1474. which Magnanimous
Prince was afterwards slain in war 1467. The Turks took away from the Christians about these times,
many of their cities, Nigropont in Euboia, the Kingdome of Bosnia, Dukedome of Speta, Achaia, Mysia,
and more Kingdomes besides these in the East.

Anno 1476 a convocation of fools was in Franconia of Germany neer Niclaushausen, full of
errours.

Anno 1480 the Turks besieged the Rhodians with a powerfull Armie but prevailed not; departing
the same year from Rhodes, they took the city Hydruntum, more then twelve thousand Christians being
slain there, only 22 souldiers escaping. The next year Mahomet Emperour of the Turks died; to whom
Bajazet his first born succeeded in the Kingdome, having reigned now at this present 27 years. In the
year of Christ 1486. Maximilian the Son of Frederick was instituted King of Romans at Franckford, and

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saluted Caesar by Iulius the Pope 1508. who instituted the Order of warfare of Saint George purposely
against Hereticks and Turks: he brought the Switzers low by war, and even to this day makes war against
the Rebellious Sicambrians; he will be fortunate against all such as break their Leagues or Covenants
with him.

The King of France after his wonted manner, a constant persecutor of the Empire, is discovered to
plot new devices against it. The Omnipotent protects those assigned to the Government of Samael: Anno
1508. the Venetians Rebels to the Empire of Caesar, are threatned with War and Banishment.
Punishment of stubbornness will be the reward of an advised satisfaction. About the end of this third
Revolution of Samael, the Image of alteration shall pass to the first and shall be the Perdition of many
men for unless Aries be reduced again, (God assisting) (ad algos) there will be translation of one
Monarchy, or of some great Kingdome.

A strong sect of Religion shall arise, and be the overthrow of the Ancient Religion.

It's to be feared least the fourth beast lose one head.

Mars first of all in the Government of Samael foretold the Flood, in his second returne, the siege
and destruction of Troy: in his third toward the end thereof will be found great want of Vnity: from
matters preceding may be Judged what will or ought to succeed. This third Revolution of Mars shall not
be consummated without Prophecie, and the institution of some new Religion, from this year of our
Lord 1508. here yet remains untill the end of the Government of Samael 17. years wherein signes and
figures shall be given, foreshewing the beginnings of evill. For in Anno. 1525. Crosses were seen in the
garments of men by the space of ten years before, what is past already shall shew their effects: but 13
years from hence being justly summoned away, thou shalt surrender thy place to the (non Intelligent)
thou shalt revive again far greater to me, after the Fates in the third; unless it be lawfull thou obscure thy
self in a cloud.

The twentieth time in order, Gabriel Angell of the Moon received the moderation of the World, in
the year of the World 6732. the fourth moneth, and fourth day of Iune: in the year of Christ 1525. and he
shall regulate the world 354. years, and four moneths, untill the year of the world 7086. eighth moneth,
but of our Lord Christ 1879. and 11. moneth.

The future Series of this Revolution requireth Prophecy.

Most sacred Caesar, I have not wrote these things assertively, or that we must believe it by any
means whatever with the injury of Orthodox Divinity.

There are some that in these things have supputed Lunar moneths, which if thou holdest fit to
consent unto, then those things I have wrote must be varied.

I protest with my own proper hand, and confess with my own mouth, that in all these things
delivered, I beleeve nothing, or admit of anything, unless what the Catholick Church doth hold: the rest,
I refute and contemn as vain, faigned and superstitious.

Finis Joh. Trit.

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Englished 1647, by William Lilly, student in Astrologie.

TITLE: The worlds catastrophe, or, Europes many mutations untill, 1666.
The fate of Englands monarchy untill its subversion. Government of
the vvorld under God by the seven planetary angels; their names,
times of government. An exact type of the three svns seen in
Cheshire and Shropshire, 3. April 1647. Their signification and
portent, astrologically handled ... To which is added, A whip for
Wharton.
Other Titles: De Septem Secundeis (Seven Secondary Intelligences)
Authors: Lilly, William, 1602-1681.
Johannes Trithemius, 1462-1516.
Published: London, Printed for J. Partridge, 1647.
Description: 3 p. l., 71 p. illus. 18 cm.
Library: MNCAT U of M Twin Cities
Location: ANDERSEN Rare Books (Non-Circulating)
Call No: 942.062 L628

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