North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) :: Played An Instrumental Role 1968 Treaty

1.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

The NATO was founded in 1949 in Washington. The foreign ministers of 10 countries
signed a defense treaty that committed them to helping each other in the event of attack.
There are now 26 country members with headquartered in Belgium
NATOs biggest achievement was surviving the Cold War
Libya: Fastest deployment in the history of NATO. Incredible teamwork in the service of
the people of Libya at the specific request of the United Nations Security Council.
Evidence of the positive and powerful reach of NATO.
Balkans and Kosovo - Kept the peace in our mission to help maintain a "safe and secure
environment" and "freedom of movement;" and made the space for the political process
to work. Agreement now signed. Future looks more promising than ever as governments
pursue EU membership. We've come an amazing distance from the disasters and horrors
of the previous decade.
2. United Nations (UN):

The UN was founded in 1945. Most countries of the world a total of 191, are members.
The general assembly of UN makes decision about peacekeeping and human rights.
Promoting Arms Control: The U.N. was founded with goals of promoting non-violence
by means of nuclear weapons. The resolutions of disarmament proposed in U.N. General
Assemblies and discussed by the five permanent members of the Security Council played
an instrumental role in the lead-up to the 1968 Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons.
Protecting the Ozone: In 1987, the U.N. Environment Programsponsored a conference of

24 nations to pledge to take action against the deterioration of the ozone layer at the time.
After nearly five years of talks, the group produced the Montreal Protocol a treaty to
reduce the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, on a broad scale.
3. Group of 8 (G8):
The Group of 8 is made up of the worlds leading industrial countries (Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA and Russia). The head of the G8 countries meet each
year to discuss global issues such as world poverty and security.
Solidarity with the neighbouring continent of Africa has long been a central issue. TheG8
Africa Action plan fully supports the forward-looking African reform plan, 'The New
Partnership for Africa's Development' (NEPAD).
The G8 has declared the combating of infectious diseases to be a global target and has
provided significant material support to the campaign. The Global Health Fundcan be
traced back to an initiative taken by the G8 in Okinawa in 2000. To date, the G8 has
made over 1.4 billion US dollars available for combating disease.
The 'Global G8 Partnership' (Kananaskis 2002) is aimed at preventing the spread of

weapons and material of mass destruction. It supports concrete cooperative projects,
starting in Russia. Priorities include the destruction of chemical weapons, the disposal of
decommissioned nuclear submarines and fissile material. It was agreed to make funds of
20 billion US dollars available over a ten year time span.
4. World Trade Organization (WTO):

The Swiss based WTO encourages International trade by establishing trade agreements
between countries. With 153 member countries and consisting more than 97% of entire
world trade, it propagates the International trade policies.
i. Greater market orientation has become the general rule;

ii. Use of restrictive measures for BOP problems has declined markedly;
iii. Services trade has been brought into the multilateral system and many countries, as in
goods, are opening their markets for trade and investment either unilaterally or through
regional or multilateral negotiations;
iv. Tariff-based protection has become the norm rather than the exception;
v. Many UDCs have undertaken radical trade, exchange and domestic reforms which
have improved the efficiency of resource use, opened up new investment opportunities,
and, thus, promoted economic growth;
vi. The trade policy review mechanism has created a process of continuous monitoring of
trade policy developments;
vii. It has been agreed to reduce import tariffs on industrial goods, based on Swiss
Formula. A Swiss formula is a non-liner formula where tariff-cuts are proportionally
higher for tariffs, which are initially higher. For instance, a country, which has an initial
tariff of 30 per cent on a product will have to undertake proportionally higher cuts than a
country which has an initial tariff of 20 per cent on the same product.
5. World Bank:
This International Financial Institution was founded in 1944 which works on reducing
poverty. It helps developing countries by giving loans.
Lending Operations:
It is clear from Table-2 that till June, 1988, the IBRD has granted loans worth $155049
million. About 22% of the Banks aggregate lending is for energy, 21% for agriculture and
rural development, 18% for transportation and communications and 10% for industry and
small scale enterprises.
Term Loans:
The Bank grants medium and long-term loans (i.e., payable over a period of 15-20 years)
for reconstruction and development purposes to the member countries. The actual term of
a loan depends upon the estimated useful life of the equipment or plant financed.
6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):

UNESCO was set up in 1946. It encourages countries to get together on matters such as
education, culture and science.
Sustaining the Efforts of IHD: the First Phases of IHP (1975 2001)
Through its first phases, starting from 1975, IHP played an important role in:
contributing to the assessment of water resources;
developing methodologies of water management;
improving knowledge of hydrological processes;
providing an effective transfer of technology, with significant contributions from
postgraduate courses in training competent hydrologists and developing hydrological
knowledge, including educational material; and
transmitting and exchanging knowledge through its publications.
7. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) :

UNICEF was set up in 1947. It works to improve the health and welfare of children and
mothers in developing countries.
PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM ARMED CONFLICT

PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE
PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM HAZARDOUS LABOUR
PROTECTING GIRLS FROM FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION / CUTTING
THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS
8. World Health Organization (WHO):

The WHO is a part of the United Nations. It promotes health matters worldwide and
aims to raise medical standards and monitor diseases.
Over the years, the WHO has continually found ways to achieve this goal, with its first
major accomplishment the eradication of smallpox, long considered the most deadly and
persistent human infectious disease. Smallpox had caused millions of deaths and much
suffering for centuries, but once the agency set out to eradicate it, WHO personnel
traveled the world to conduct a massive vaccination program. And as a result, smallpox
was eliminated in 1977. Since then, the WHO has turned its attention to other diseases
such as polio and leprosy, which are now on the verge of eradication as well.
9. World Wildlife Fund (WWF):

The WWF was set up in 1961 and is the worlds largest conservation organization. its
main aim are to protect endangered animals and the placed where they live.
*The debt-for-nature swap and conservation trust fund

* Was a driving force behind the international ban on ivory trading
* Helped secure the international moratorium on commercial whaling
* Has helped to create more than 500 parks and protected areas around the world
* First conservation organization to work in China (has partnered with the Chinese
government to help protect the giant panda since 1979)
10. International Monetary Fund (IMF):

The IMF was established in 1944 and promotes world trade. It has 184 member
countries. Headquartered in Washington D.C., it works to improve the financial
condition of its member countries.

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1.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

NATOs biggest achievement was surviving the Cold War

2. United Nations (UN):

Protecting the Ozone: In 1987, the U.N. Environment Programsponsored a conference of

The 'Global G8 Partnership' (Kananaskis 2002) is aimed at preventing the spread of

4. World Trade Organization (WTO):

i. Greater market orientation has become the general rule;

6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):

7. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) :

PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM ARMED CONFLICT

8. World Health Organization (WHO):

9. World Wildlife Fund (WWF):

*The debt-for-nature swap and conservation trust fund

10. International Monetary Fund (IMF):

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