X-Ray Equipment Maintenance and Repairs Workbook: For Radiographers & Radiological Technologists

Please go to the Table of Contents page to access the entire publication.
X-ray equipment
maintenance
and repairs
workbook
for
radiographers &
radiological technologists
by
Ian R McClelland
Chief technical support engineer (retired)
Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Technology

Essential Health Technologies
Health Technology and Pharmaceuticals
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Geneva
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
McClelland, Ian R.
X-ray equipment maintenance and repairs workbook for radiographers and
radiological technologists / Ian R. McClelland.
1.X-rays 2.Radiography 3.Technology, Radiologic 4.Maintenancemethods

5.Problems and exercises I.Title.
ISBN 92 4 159163 3 (NLM classification: WN 150)
World Health Organization 2004
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from
Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]).
Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publicationswhether for sale or for
noncommercial distributionshould be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax:
+41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent
approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that
they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of
a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of
proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this
publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result
of its use.
The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.
Designed by minimum graphics, New Zealand

E Typeset by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printed by Interprint, Malta
Please click on the different sections for access to the PDF files.
CONTENTS
iii
Contents
Introductory remarks v
Acknowledgements vi
Part I. Introduction 1
Introduction 3
QuestionnaireStudents own department 6
Pre test 8
Part II. Routine maintenance modules 11
Module 1.0 Routine maintenance overview 13

Task 1. Maintenance survey for an X-ray room 17
Module 1.1 X-ray generator maintenance, fixed installation 19
Task 2. X-ray control familiarization. Part 1 24
Task 3. X-ray control familiarization. Part 2 26
Task 4. Test for X-ray tube overload calibration. Part 1 28
Task 5. Test for X-ray tube overload calibration. Part 2 31
Module 1.2 X-ray generator maintenance, mobile unit 32
Module 1.3 X-ray generator maintenance, C D mobile 37
Module 1.4 X-ray generator maintenance, portable unit 41
Module 2.0 X-ray tube stand maintenance 44
Task 6. X-ray tube-stand maintenance 47
Module 2.1 X-ray tube maintenance 48
Module 2.2 Collimator maintenance 50
Task 7. X-ray tube and collimator maintenance 52
Module 3.0 Bucky table & vertical Bucky maintenance 53
Module 3.1 Tomography attachment maintenance 55
Module 4.0 Fluoroscopy table maintenance 57
Module 4.1 Fluoroscopy TV maintenance 60
Part III. Fault diagnosis and repair modules 63
Module 5.0 Common procedures, for fault diagnosis and repairs 65

Task 8. Fuse identification 70
Module 6.0 X-ray generator repairs, fixed installation 71
Task 9. No Preparation, Part 1 86
Task 10. No Preparation. Part 2 87
Task 11. No Exposure 88
Task 12. X-ray output linearity 89
Module 6.1 Mobile or portable-generator repairs 90
Module 6.2 C D mobile repairs 94
Module 7.0 X-ray tube stand repairs 99
Task 13. Bucky tabletop and tube-stand centre 103
X-RAY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS WORKBOOK
iv
Module 7.1 X-ray tube repairs 104

Module 7.2 Collimator repairs 110
Task 14. Help! No spare globe for the collimator 116
Module 7.3 High-tension cable repairs 117
Module 8.0 Bucky and Bucky table repairs 121
Task 15. A film exhibits grid lines 126
Module 8.1 Tomography attachment repairs 127
Module 9.0 Fluoroscopy table repairs 130
Module 9.1 Fluoroscopy TV repairs 135
Module 10.0 Automatic exposure control, operation and problems 140
Part IV. Automatic film processor 145

Module 11.0 Automatic film processor, routine maintenance 147
Module 11.1 Automatic film processor repairs 151
Task 16. Films appear too dark 156
Task 17. Films exhibit symptoms of low fixer 157
Module 11.2 The Film ID printer 158
Part V. Appendices 161

Appendix A. Sensitometry 163
Appendix B. Recommended tools and test equipment 169
Appendix C. Graphs, check sheets and record sheets 177
Appendix D. Routine maintenance check sheets 186
Appendix E. X-ray equipment operation 205
Appendix F. Teaching techniques 248
Appendix G. Health and safety 253
Part VI. Post test and glossary 257

Post test 259
Glossary 262
E
v
Introductory remarks
This document, which is developed by the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists
(ISRRT) under the umbrella of the WHO Global Steering Group for Education and Training in Diagnostic Imaging,
is the second in a series targeting technical aspects, including quality control of diagnostic imaging services. The
document is primarily aiming at assisting radiographers and radiological technologists working in small and mid-
size hospitals where resources often are limited, to optimize and improve diagnostic imaging, and to ensure the
best possible use of resources according to local needs.
The document can be obtained by contacting the following address:
Team of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Technology (DIL)

World Health Organization
20, Avenue Appia
CH-1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
Fax: +41 22 7914836

e-mail: [email protected]
Harald Ostensen, MD
Geneva, July 2004
vi
Acknowledgements
For their considerable input and assistance in producing this workbook, special thanks are due to:
Peter J Lloyd, Peter Hayward, Brett Richards, Sue Salthouse, Peter K Mutua, M Jean Harvey, Leonie Munro,
Martin K West, Jiro Takashima, and to Graham English.

X-Ray Equipment Maintenance and Repairs Workbook: For Radiographers & Radiological Technologists

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

X-Ray Equipment Maintenance and Repairs Workbook: For Radiographers & Radiological Technologists

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

X-Ray Equipment Maintenance and Repairs Workbook: For Radiographers & Radiological Technologists

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Please go to the Table of Contents page to access the entire publication.

Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Technology

1.X-rays 2.Radiography 3.Technology, Radiologic 4.Maintenancemethods

ISBN 92 4 159163 3 (NLM classification: WN 150)

World Health Organization 2004

Designed by minimum graphics, New Zealand

Part II. Routine maintenance modules 11

Module 1.0 Routine maintenance overview 13

Part III. Fault diagnosis and repair modules 63

Module 5.0 Common procedures, for fault diagnosis and repairs 65

Module 7.1 X-ray tube repairs 104

Part IV. Automatic film processor 145

Part V. Appendices 161

Part VI. Post test and glossary 257

The document can be obtained by contacting the following address:

Team of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Technology (DIL)

Fax: +41 22 7914836

You might also like