Organo Clay
Organo Clay
Organo Clay
"RAZILIAN /RGANOCLAYS AS .ANOSTRUCTURED 3ORBENTS OF
0ETROLEUM
$ERIVED (YDROCARBONS
+LEBERSON 2ICARDO DE /LIVEIRA 0EREIRAA
2OSNGELA !BDALA (ANNAA
-ARILDA -ENDONA 'UAZZELLI 2AMOS 6IANNAA #AROLINA !FONSO 0INTOA
A
5NIVERSITY OF 3O 0AULO0OLYTECHNIC 3CHOOL
!V 0ROF ,UCIANO 'UALBERTO 4RAVESSA
3O 0AULO
30 "RAZIL
B
&EDERAL 5NIVERSITY OF #AMPINA 'RANDE
!V !PRGIO 6ELOSO
#AMPINA 'RANDE
0" "RAZIL
)NTRODUCTION /RGANOPHILIC CLAYS n LITERATURE REVIEW
TRATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE WAS SLOWLY POURED INTO IT GREATER INTERLAYER SPACING THAN THE CORRESPONDING NATURAL BENTONITE
MEQ G OF DRIED CLAY UNDER MECHANICAL STIRRING AND HEATING 4HIS BEHAVIOR WAS CONlRMED BY 6ALENZUELA $IAZ
4HE DISPERSION WAS HEATED TO THE BOILING POINT AND THEN ALLOWED TO
COOL TO ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR HOURS 4HE WEIGHT OF THE DISPERSION )NFRARED CURVES
WAS CORRECTED BY ADDING WW WATER TO THE CLAY 4O TRANSFORM 4HE ABSORPTION OF INFRARED RADIATION BY CLAYS WAS RECORDED OVER
THE SAMPLE TO AN ORGANOPHILIC FORM A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT A RANGE OF TO CM
&IGURE
'ENAMIN #4!#
IN A AQUEOUS SOLUTION WAS SLOWLY ADDED 4HE NATURAL CLAY SHOWED CHARACTERISTIC SMECTITIC CLAY MINERAL
MEQ G OF DRIED CLAY UNDER MECHANICAL STIRRING 4HE MIXTURE PEAKS AT AND CM
4HE
WAS STIRRED FOR MINUTES AND THE DISPERSION WAS LEFT STANDING AT NATURAL CLAY SHOWED NO INTENSE PEAKS CORRESPONDING TO ORGANIC MATTER
ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR HOURS AFTER WHICH IT WAS lLTERED THROUGH A AT AND CM
"ALA ASSIGNED THE AND CM
"CHNER FUNNEL 4HE CAKE WAS DRIED AT # FOR HOURS AND THEN PEAKS TO THE #( SCISSOR VIBRATION BAND AND THE SYMMETRICAL #(
GROUND AND SIEVED THROUGH A MESH MM SIEVE STRETCHING ABSORPTION BAND RESPECTIVELY 4HE CM
PEAK WAS
4HE ORGANOPHILIC CLAY AND RAW CLAYS WERE ANALYZED BY 8
RAY ASSIGNED TO THE #( STRETCHING BAND
$IFFRACTION 82$ AND )NFRARED 3PECTROSCOPY &4)2 4HE 82$ 4HE ORGANOPHILIC CLAY ALSO SHOWED THE CHARACTERISTIC PEAKS OF
PERFORMED BY THE POWDER METHOD USING A 0HILIPS 80%24 -0$ CLAY MINERALS ALBEIT OF LOW INTENSITY 4HIS IS AN INDICATIVE OF THE OR
DIFFRACTOMETER WITH #U
+A RADIATION K6
M! SCAN SPEED OF GANOPHILIC CHARACTER OF THE CLAY 4HE ORGANIC MATTER PEAKS AT
1S AND SECONDS PER STEP &4)2 WAS PERFORMED BY THE +"R AND CM
WERE SHARPER THAN THOSE OF THE NATURAL CLAY
METHOD WITH A .ICOLET -!'.! %303 SPECTROPHOTOMETER 4HE #( #( AND #( BANDS CONlRMED THE ALKYLAMMONIUM
INTERCALATION IN THE INTERLAYER GALLERIES OF THE CLAY MINERAL AND THE
3WELLING TEST
LOWER INTENSITY OF THE CHARACTERISTIC CLAY MINERAL PEAKS INDICATED THE
4HE SWELLING OF THE ORGANOPHILIC CLAY IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS WAS ORGANOPHILIC NATURE OF THE TREATED CLAY
MEASURED IN TOLUENE DIESEL FUEL KEROSENE AND GASOLINE G OF
POWDER WAS GRADUALLY ADDED IN SMALL PORTIONS TO M, OF ORGANIC 3WELLING TESTS
LIQUID CONTAINED IN A M, GRADUATED CYLINDER WITHOUT STIRRING &IGURE SHOWS THE SWELLING OF THE ORGANOCLAYS
!FTER HOURS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE THE VOLUME OF THE COLUMN OF )NTERMEDIATE VALUES FROM TO M,G WERE OBSERVED FOR THE SWELL
CLAY WAS MEASURED AFTER WHICH THE DISPERSION WAS STIRRED WITH A ING IN KEROSENE WITH MIXING GASOLINE WITH AND WITHOUT MIXING AND
GLASS ROD AND ALLOWED TO STAND FOR ANOTHER HOURS 4HE SWELLING DIESEL WITH AND WITHOUT MIXING ATTESTING TO THE ORGANOPHILICITY OF THE
WAS THEN RECORDED ORGANOCLAYS 4HE ORGANOCLAY SHOWED HIGH SWELLING VALUES IN TOLUENE
WITH AND WITHOUT MIXING IE AND M,G RESPECTIVELY AND A LOW
!DSORPTION TEST
M,G SWELLING VALUE IN KEROSENE WITHOUT MIXING
4HE TOLUENE DIESEL FUEL KEROSENE AND GASOLINE SORPTION CAPACITY !S CAN BE SEEN NO SIGNIlCANT INCREASE WAS FOUND WHEN THE SWELL
WAS MEASURED FOLLOWING A METHOD BASED ON THE h3TANDARD -ETHODS ING WAS RECORDED AFTER HOURS AND AFTER MIXING
OF 4ESTING 3ORBENT 0ERFORMANCE OF !DSORBENTS !34- &
AND 4OLUENE SHOWED THE HIGHEST SWELLING VALUE WHICH WAS CONGRUENT
!34- &