People V Wolf

State of New York
Supreme Court, Appellate Division

Third Judicial Department
Decided and Entered: June 29, 2017 106262
________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF

NEW YORK,
Respondent,
v MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
ROBERT S. WOLF,
Appellant.
________________________________
Calendar Date: May 5, 2017
Before: McCarthy, J.P., Egan Jr., Lynch, Devine and Clark, JJ.
__________
Kathryn S. Dell, Troy, for appellant.
Joel E. Abelove, District Attorney, Troy (Vincent J.

O'Neill of counsel), for respondent.
__________
Lynch, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Rensselaer

County (Young, J.), rendered September 4, 2013, upon a verdict
convicting defendant of the crimes of course of sexual conduct
against a child in the first degree (two counts) and endangering
the welfare of a child.
Defendant was charged by indictment with the crimes of

course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree (two
counts) and endangering the welfare of a child, stemming from
allegations that he engaged in sexual contact with the victim
(born in 1998) on a number of occasions in 2008 and 2009. A jury
trial scheduled to begin in June 2013 terminated in a mistrial
after defendant failed to serve a timely notice of alibi. County
Court permitted defendant to file a late notice of alibi, a
-2- 106262
second trial commenced in August 2013 and a jury convicted

defendant of all counts charged. The court sentenced defendant
to a prison term of 17 years on each conviction of course of
sexual conduct against a child in the first degree, to run
concurrently to one another, and a jail term of one year for the
conviction of endangering the welfare of a child, with that term
being merged into the other sentences. Defendant now appeals.
Defendant argues that the indictment was not sufficiently

specific with respect to the course of sexual conduct counts. As
relevant here, an indictment must contain "[a] statement in each
count that the offense charged therein was committed on, or on or
about, a designated date, or during a designated period of time"
(CPL 200.50 [6]). "[T]he requirements for a valid indictment
will vary with the particular crime involved, and what is
sufficient to charge [one crime] would be insufficient with
respect to many other crimes" (People v Morris, 61 NY2d 290, 294
[1984] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]). "'An
indictment will not be dismissed as defective under CPL 200.50
with respect to the time period alleged for the commission of a
crime, if it or, in some instances, the bill of particulars
provides a reasonable approximation, under the circumstances of
the individual case, of the date or dates involved'" (People v
Lapage, 53 AD3d 693, 694-695 [2008], quoting People v Morris, 61
NY2d at 292).
Since the crimes charged here are continuing offenses (see

People v Muhina, 66 AD3d 1397, 1398 [2009], lv denied 13 NY3d 909
[2009]), the notice requirements of CPL 200.50 "are relaxed"
(People v Johnson, 24 AD3d 967, 968 [2005], lv denied 6 NY3d 814
[2006]; see People v Colf, 286 AD2d 888, 888-880 [2001], lv
denied 97 NY2d 655 [2001]). The indictment alleges that
defendant engaged in two or more types of sexual conduct with the
victim, who was less than 11 years old, during two separate
periods from September 2008 through January 2009 and from April
2009 through August 2009. By definition, counts 1 and 2 of the
indictment required that the conduct occur "over a period of time
not less than three months in duration" (Penal Law 130.75 [1];
see People v Skeen, 139 AD3d 1179, 1180 [2016], lv denied 27 NY3d
1155 [2016]). Although the victim did not testify as to the
exact dates that the sexual contact occurred, she did recall when
-3- 106262
the conduct first began and that it continued to happen on

Sundays every other weekend, that it stopped for a period of time
and then began again on a regular basis during the week. Under
the circumstances presented, the time period set forth in the
indictment was sufficient to allow defendant to prepare a defense
and, if necessary, to permit him to raise the double jeopardy
defense (see People v Morris, 61 NY2d at 296-297; People v
Muhina, 66 AD3d at 1398; People v Johnson, 24 AD3d at 968).
Next, defendant claims that he was deprived of the

effective assistance of counsel. Such a claim must be supported
with proof "that his attorney failed to provide meaningful
representation" and that there was no "strategic or other
legitimate explanations for counsel's allegedly deficient
conduct" (People v Caban, 5 NY3d 143, 152 [2005] [internal
quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Bullock, 145
AD3d 1104, 1106 [2016]). In assessing such a claim, we must
determine, without the benefit of hindsight (see People v
Benevento, 91 NY2d 708, 712 [1998]), whether "the evidence, the
law, and the circumstances of [the] particular case, viewed in
totality . . ., reveal that the attorney provided meaningful
representation" (People v Oathout, 21 NY3d 127, 128 [2013]
[internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). Further, we
must evaluate "whether the tactics and strategies were consistent
with those of a reasonably competent attorney. The test is
reasonable competence, not perfect representation" (id. [internal
quotation marks and citations omitted]). In support of his
claim, defendant cites, among other things, defense counsel's
failure to serve a timely notice of alibi, failure to qualify his
witness as an expert, troubling statements during the course of
the trial, unsuccessful attempts to impeach the victim through
other witnesses and attempts to introduce an order of protection
issued against defendant in favor of the victim and to introduce
the victim's medical records.
Of the myriad complaints raised by defendant, the most

compelling is trial counsel's statement during his cross-
examination of the People's expert clinical and forensic
psychologist that he was "a half-step off all day yesterday [and]
. . . three-quarters of a step off today." This statement was
made after he attempted, without success, to elicit medical
-4- 106262
evidence from the witness. Defense counsel abandoned the line of

questioning and continued the cross-examination and defendant did
not raise any concerns about defense counsel's performance. That
afternoon, County Court, recalling the statement, duly inquired
in defendant's presence whether trial counsel had any condition
that "in any way impacted [his] ability to provide appropriate
representation to . . . [d]efendant." Trial counsel explained
that he was merely trying to explain why he was "not . . . able
to get the words that [he] need[ed] . . . and not able to answer
as quickly" and assured the court and the People that there was
nothing "wrong with [him]." In context, we find that defense
counsel's statement was concerning, but the record does not
reflect that he lacked capacity.
Next, we are mindful that, in certain circumstances, the

failure to file a timely notice of alibi may constitute
ineffective assistance (see People v Milazo, 18 AD3d 1068, 1070,
[2005]). Here, however, after trial counsel argued that the
indictment did not provide adequate notice, County Court allowed
defendant to file a notice of alibi after the mistrial and
counsel was able to elicit testimony from defendant's sister to
establish that he was out of the home for certain periods. When
we consider the circumstances of this case particularly the
victim's testimony that the conduct was continuous we are
unable to conclude that any errors with regard to defendant's
alibi defense deprived defendant of meaningful representation
(see People v Djanie, 31 AD3d 887, 888 [2006], lv denied 7 NY3d
866 [2006]).
As for defendant's remaining complaints with regard to

defense counsel's performance, we are unable to conclude that
defense counsel committed any "egregious and prejudicial error
such that defendant did not receive a fair trial" (People v
Oathout, 21 NY3d at 131 [internal quotation marks and citation
omitted]). Counsel's initial failure to qualify a witness was
harmless because it was corrected, counsel did attempt to impeach
the witness with regard to prior inconsistent statements and,
although it is not clear why defense counsel attempted to
introduce purportedly damaging records, it is apparent that the
records were never introduced. As a whole, the record reveals
that, in the face of the People's case, supported by the victim's
-5- 106262
testimony, defense counsel attempted to cast doubt on the

victim's credibility by making appropriate pretrial motions,
raised objections that successfully limited certain testimony
during the trial, effectively cross-examined the People's
witnesses, presented expert testimony on defendant's behalf and
gave comprehensive and organized opening and closing statements.
In sum, although our review of the totality of the record may
reveal that errors were made, it is not apparent that any errors
were prejudicial, and we find that defendant received meaningful
representation (see People v Perry, 148 AD3d 1224, 1226 [2017];
People v Fiorino, 130 AD3d 1376, 1381 [2015], lv denied 26 NY3d
1087 [2015]).
McCarthy, J.P., Egan Jr., Devine and Clark, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
ENTER:
Robert D. Mayberger
Clerk of the Court

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State of New York

Supreme Court, Appellate Division

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF

Calendar Date: May 5, 2017

Kathryn S. Dell, Troy, for appellant.

Joel E. Abelove, District Attorney, Troy (Vincent J.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Rensselaer

Defendant was charged by indictment with the crimes of

second trial commenced in August 2013 and a jury convicted

Defendant argues that the indictment was not sufficiently

Since the crimes charged here are continuing offenses (see

the conduct first began and that it continued to happen on

Next, defendant claims that he was deprived of the

Of the myriad complaints raised by defendant, the most

evidence from the witness. Defense counsel abandoned the line of

Next, we are mindful that, in certain circumstances, the

As for defendant's remaining complaints with regard to

testimony, defense counsel attempted to cast doubt on the

McCarthy, J.P., Egan Jr., Devine and Clark, JJ., concur.

ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.

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