Zn/MnO2

TM

COPPERTOP MN1604
Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide Battery Size: 9V (6LR61)

Nominal Voltage: 9 V
Nominal Internal
17.5 1,700 m-ohm @ 1kHz
mm Impedance:
15.5
Average Weight: 45 gm (1.6 oz.)
12.95 3
12.45
mm Volume: 22.8 cm (1.39 in.3 )

Terminals: Miniature Snap

26.5
mm o o
24.5 Operating Temperature -20 C to 54 C
o o
Range: (-4 F to 130 F)
( ) (+)
NEDA/ANSI: 1604A
IEC: 6LR61
46.4 mm
MAX.
48.5 mm
46.5

Dimensions shown are IEC/ANSI standards

TYPICAL DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS AT 21 C (70F)

100 OHM
9.5

200 OHM

500 OHM
8.5

1000 OHM
Voltage

7.5

6.5

5.5

4.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Service Hours

* Delivered capacity is dependent on the applied load, operating temperature and cut-off voltage. Please refer to the charts
and discharge data shown for examples of the energy / service life that the battery will provide for various load conditions.

This data is subject to change. Performance information is typical. Contact Duracell for the latest information
 SELECTED
SPECIFICATION SUMMARY: PRODUCTS

DURACELL alkaline-manganese dioxide batteries are a popular choice for most consumer, industrial, and military
ALKALINE applications where an economical, general purpose battery is required. Advantages include high energy output, reliability,
long shelf life, and good low temperature performance. (1) The DURACELL alkaline battery system is generally available in
PRIMARY CELLS & BATTERIES cylindrical and multicell configurations.

DURACELL NOMINAL DIMENSIONS(2) NOMINAL NOMINAL

CROSS REFERENCE
PRODUCT SIZE VOLTAGE MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM WEIGHT VOLUME
NUMBER (V) mm in. mm in. mm in. g oz. cm3 in3 ANSI IEC
STANDARD CYLINDRICAL
CELLS DIAMETER HEIGHT
MN1300 D 1.5 34.2 1.35 61.5 2.42 - - 139 4.90 56.4 3.44 13A LR20
MN1400 C 1.5 26.2 1.03 50 1.97 - - 69.0 2.43 26.9 1.64 14A LR14
MN1500 AA 1.5 14.5 0.57 50.5 1.99 - - 23.8 0.84 8.4 0.51 15A LR6
MN2400 AAA 1.5 10.5 0.41 44.5 1.75 - - 11.0 0.39 3.8 0.23 24A LR03
MN9100 N 1.5 12 0.47 30.2 1.19 - - 9.6 0.34 3.4 0.21 910A LR1

ULTRA CYLINDRICAL CELLS DIAMETER HEIGHT

MX1300 D 1.5 34.2 1.35 61.5 2.42 - - 147 5.19 56.4 3.44 13A LR20
MX1400 C 1.5 26.2 1.03 50.0 1.97 - - 71.7 2.53 26.9 1.64 14A LR14
MX1500 AA 1.5 14.5 0.57 50.5 1.99 - - 24.4 0.86 8.4 0.51 15A LR6
MX2400 AAA 1.5 10.5 0.41 44.5 1.75 - - 11.2 0.40 3.8 0.23 24A LR03
MX2500 AAAA 1.5 8.3 0.33 42.5 1.67 - - 6.0 0.21 2.3 0.14 25A LR8D425
OTHER SELECTED MULTICELL
BATTERIES LENGTH HEIGHT WIDTH
MX1604 ULTRA 9-VOLT 9 26.5 1.04 48.5 1.91 17.5 0.69 46.5 1.64 22.8 1.39 1604A 6LR61
MN1604 9-VOLT 9 26.5 1.04 48.5 1.91 17.5 0.69 45.0 1.60 22.8 1.39 1604A 6LR61
7K67 J 6 35.6 1.40 48.5 1.91 9.1 0.36 34.0 1.20 15.7 0.96 1412AP 4LR61
MN908 LANTERN 6 67.0 2.64 115 4.53 67.0 2.64 612 21.6 501.8 30.6 908A 4LR25X
MN918 LANTERN 6 136.5 5.37 127 5.00 73.0 2.87 1270 44.8 1243.5 75.9 918A 4LR25-2
MN1203 LANTERN 4.5 62.0 2.44 67.0 2.64 22.0 0.87 154 5.43 91.4 5.58 - 3LR12
MN21 CYLINDRICAL 12 10.3 0.41 28.5 1.12 - - 7.40 0.26 2.30 0.14 - -
(1) Operating temperature range is -20C to 54C (-4F to 130F)
(2) Dimensions are IEC/ANSI standards.
 Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide

Introduction

Duracell pioneered the alkaline-manganese dioxide electrochemical system nearly 40 years ago. In the
1960-1970 decade, this battery system rapidly became the popular choice of designers in the ever-widening
field of consumer electronics. The product information and test data included in this technical bulletin repre-
sent Duracells newest alkaline battery products.
The zinc/potassium hydroxide/manganese dioxide cells, commonly called alkaline or alkaline-manganese
dioxide cells, have a higher energy output than zinc-carbon (Leclanche) cells. Other significant advantages are
longer shelf life, better leakage resistance, and superior low temperature performance. In comparison to the
zinc-carbon cell, the alkaline cell delivers up to ten times the ampere-hour capacity at high and continuous
drain conditions, with its performance at low temperatures also being superior to other conventional aqueous
electrolyte primary cells. Its more effective, secure seal provides excellent resistance to leakage and corrosion.
The use of an alkaline electrolyte, electrolytically prepared manganese dioxide, and a more reactive
zinc powder contribute to a higher initial cost than zinc-carbon cells. However, due to the longer service life,
the alkaline cell is actually more cost-effective based upon cost-per-hour usage, particularly with high drains
and continuous discharge. The high-grade, energy-rich materials composing the anode and cathode, in conjunc-
tion with the more conductive alkaline electrolyte, produce more energy than could be stored in standard zinc-
carbon cell sizes

General Characteristics

The general characteristics listed below are a summary of the significant benefits of the alkaline man-
ganese dioxide system. Each of the benefits is explained in greater detail subsequently in Section 5. This sum-
mary provides the designer with general guidelines for evaluating the alkaline-manganese dioxide system for a
particular application.

Benefits include:

Up to ten times the service life of regular zinc-car- Cost-effective on a cost-per-hour-of-service basis.
bon cells.
Good low temperature performance.
Long service life at continuous, high drain discharge.
Excellent leakage resistance.
No need for rest periods.
Long shelf life.
Low internal resistance.
Worldwide availability at retail.
Rugged, shock-resistant construction.

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 Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide

Performance Characteristics (cont.)

performance of alkaline and regular zinc-carbon cells line cell will maintain a higher voltage for considerably
is compared in Figure 9, showing the D size cell at longer than the regular zinc-carbon cell, resulting in a
70F (21C) and 32F (0C). Figure 9a shows AA service life at lower temperatures which is up to ten
cell performance under the same conditions. The alka- times that of the regular zinc-carbon cell.

5.5 Internal Resistance

Alkaline cells, because of their compact construc- involving high current pulses. Unlike regular zinc-carbon
tion and highly conductive electrolyte, have low internal cells, alkaline cells do not require rest periods between
resistance, usually less than 1 ohm. The low internal pulses and maintain their low internal resistance,
resistance characteristic is a benefit in applications increasing only at the very end of useful life.

5.6 Energy Density

Energy density is a measure of available energy is an important factor where battery size is the primary
in terms of weight and volume. It is the ratio of a cells design consideration. Gravimetric energy density becomes
capacity to either its volume or weight and can be used important where weight of the battery is critical, such as
to evaluate a cells performance. in portable computers and cellular phones. The values
Table 1 is a summary of the major alkaline shown in this table are typical for each cell size. Actual
product types comparing both volumetric energy density energy output will vary, dependent mostly on drain rates
and gravimetric energy density. Volumetric energy density applied.

PRODUCT NOMINAL RATED TYPICAL GRAVIMETRIC TYPICAL VOLUMETRIC

NUMBER SIZE VOLTAGE CAPACITY* LOAD WEIGHT VOLUME ENERGY DENSITY** ENERGY DENSITY
cubic watt-hours watt-hours watt hours watt hours
volts ampere-hours ohms pounds kilograms inches liters per pound per kilogram per cubic inch per liter
MN1300 D 1.5 15.000 10 0.304 0.138 3.440 0.056 59.2 130 5.2 322
MN1400 C 1.5 7.800 20 0.143 0.065 1.640 0.027 65.5 144 5.7 347
MN1500 AA 1.5 2.850 43 0.052 0.024 0.510 0.008 65.8 143 6.7 428
MN2400 AAA 1.5 1.150 75 0.024 0.011 0.230 0.004 57.5 126 6.0 345
MN9100 N 1.5 0.800 100 0.021 0.010 0.210 0.003 45.7 96 4.6 320
7K67 J 6.0 0.580 340 0.075 0.034 0.960 0.016 37.2 82 2.9 174
MN908 Lantern 6.0 11.500 15 1.349 0.612 30.620 0.502 40.9 90 1.8 110
MN918 Lantern 6.0 24.000 9 2.800 1.270 75.880 1.243 41.1 91 1.5 93
MN1604 9V 9.0 0.580 620 0.101 0.046 1.390 0.023 41.4 91 3.0 182
* TO 0.8V per cell at 21C (70F).
** Based on 1.2 volt average operating voltage per cell at 21C (70F).
Table 1. Comparison of typical energy densities of major DURACELL alkaline cells/batteries.

To determine the practical energy density of a Gravimetric Energy Density:

cell under specific conditions of load and temperature, (Drain in Amperes x Service Hours)
multiply the ampere-hour capacity that the cell delivers x Average Discharge Voltage = Watt-Hours
under those conditions by the average discharge volt- Weight of cell in Pounds or Kilograms Pound or
Kilogram
age, and divide by cell volume or weight.
Volumetric Energy Density:
(Drain in Amperes x Service Hours)
x Average Discharge Voltage = Watt-Hours
Volume of cell in Cubic Inches or Liters cubic Inch
or Liter

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 Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide

Applications
DURACELL alkaline batteries-with their superi- industrial instrumentation, portable and emergency
or drain rate characteristics good shelf storage life low lighting products, communications equipment, and
internal resistance, and wide operating temperature portable electrical measurement devices. Military applica-
range-are a popular choice for many portable power tions include a variety of communication devices and
applications. The most common uses are found in the general instrumentation.
consumer market, in applications such as photographic Duracell is actively involved in the development
equipment, remote control devices, toys, electronic of battery products that can power applications current-
games, flashlights, tape recorders, home health care ly utilizing rechargeable batteries or AC power, such as
devices, radios, shavers, clocks, calculators and comput- notebook computers, handheld cellular phones, cam-
ers. corders, power tools, and more. The goal of this devel-
Alkaline cells also have significant application opment program is to provide customers with a primary
presence in the industrial and government sectors. Some battery option where needed.
industrial applications include portable medical and

Battery Care

7.1 Storage Conditions

Batteries should be stored at temperatures good capacity retention. Excessive temperature cycling
between 50F (10C) and 77F (25C), with relative and storage at temperatures greater than 77F (25C)
humidity not exceeding 65 percent. Refrigeration of should be avoided to maximize shelf life.
alkaline batteries is not necessary because of their very

7.2 Proper Usage and Handling

Discharged batteries should be removed from alkaline with zinc-carbon, may also result in voltage
equipment to prevent possible damage. Batteries should reversal and should be avoided.
be removed from a device when it is not expected to be Always replace the battery or batteries in your
in use for several months. Batteries should also be equipment with the size and type of battery specified by
removed from equipment while it is being powered by the equipment manufacturer.
household (AC) current. Always replace all batteries at Keep batteries away from small children. If
the same time since batteries in series, in different swallowed, consult a physician at once. (For information
states of discharge, may eventually drive the weakest on treatment, telephone the National Capital Poison
battery into voltage reversal with progressive risk of Center, Washington, D.C., at 202-625-3333 collect.)
leak age or rupture. Mixing battery systems, such as

7.3 Charging
All batteries listed in this bulletin are of the imbalance within the cell, leading to gassing and possi-
primary type and are not designed to be recharged. bly explosion on either charge or discharge cycles.
Attempts to recharge an alkaline battery may cause an

11